TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

CHROMIUM 2562. HEALTH EFFECTShas not been tested. Further studies are needed to assess the safety of administering thyroxine to mitigatechromium toxicity.Children’s Susceptibility. A limited amount of information is available on the toxicity of chromiumin children; most of the available data comes from children ingesting lethal doses of chromium(VI)(Clochesy 1984; Ellis et al. 1982; Iserson et al. 1983; Kaufman et al. 1970; Reichelderfer 1968). Studiesthat examine sensitive end points such as respiratory effects following inhalation exposure, orgastrointestinal, hematological, liver and kidney effects in young animals would be useful for assessingwhether children will be unusually susceptible to chromium toxicity. The available animal data suggestthat chromium is a developmental toxicant. As discussed in Section 2.2.2.6, the observed developmentaleffects include postimplantation losses, gross abnormalities, and impaired reproductive development inthe offspring (Al-Hamood et al. 1998; Junaid et al. 1996a, 1996b; Kanojia 1996, 1998; Trivedi et al.1989). Data needs relating to development are discussed in detail in the Developmental Toxicitysubsection above. There are some data in humans and animals which provide evidence that chromiumcan cross the placenta and be transferred to an infant via breast milk (Casey and Hambidge 1984;Daniellson et al. 1982; Mertz et al. 1969; Saxena et al. 1990; Shmitova 1980). There are no data onwhether chromium is stored in maternal tissues and whether these stores can be mobilized duringpregnancy or lactation.An age-related difference in the extent of gastrointestinal absorption of chromium(III) was reported in onestudy (Sullivan et al. 1984); it is not known if a similar relationship would exist for chromium(VI). Noother information is available which evaluated potential differences between adults and children.Toxicokinetic studies examining how aging can influence the absorption, distribution, and excretion ofchromium, particularly chromium(VI) would be useful in assessing children’s susceptibility to chromiumtoxicity. There are no data to determine whether there are age-specific biomarkers of exposure or effectsor any interactions with other chemicals that would be specific for children. There is very little availableinformation on methods for reducing chromium toxic effects or body burdens; it is likely that research inadults would also be applicable to children.Child health data needs relating to exposure are discussed in Section 5.8.1 Identification of Data Needs:Exposures of Children.