TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

CHROMIUM 2152. HEALTH EFFECTSabnormalities (e.g., subdermal hemorrhage, decreased ossification, kinky tail), and impaired developmentof the reproductive system (e.g., impaired fertility in female offspring). Similar developmental effects(e.g., post implantation losses, subdermal hemorrhage, decreased ossification) have also been observed inthe offspring of rats and mice exposed to $37 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day for 20 or 90 days prior to mating(Junaid et al. 1996a; Kanojia 1996, 1998). Conflicting results have been found for chromium(III). Nodevelopmental effects were reported in the offspring of rats fed 1,806 mg chromium(III)/kg/day aschromium oxide for 60 days before mating and throughout gestation (Ivankovic and Preussmann 1975).However, impaired development of the reproductive system (decreased reproductive tissue weight andimpaired fertility) were observed in the offspring of mice exposed to 74 mg chromium(III)/kg/day aschromium chloride (Al-Hamood et al. 1998). Developmental effects have also been observed followingintraperitoneal administration of chromium(III) chloride (Iijima et al. 1983; Matsumoto et al. 1976).Chromium may be transferred to fetuses through the placenta and to infants via breast milk. Elevatedlevels of chromium have been reported in umbilical cord blood, placentae, and breast milk of womenworking in a dichromate(VI) manufacturing facility (Shmitova 1980). As noted elsewhere in the profile,the reliability of this study is suspect because the levels of chromium in the blood and urine of the controlwomen were much higher than background levels. Measurement of the chromium content in 255 samplesfrom 45 lactating American women revealed that most samples contained