TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

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TABLE 2-3. Levels of Significant Exposure to Chromium - DermalExposure/ aLOAELDuration/Species Frequency Reference/(Strain) (Specific Route) System NOAEL Less SeriousSeriousFormACUTE EXPOSUREDeathRabbit 24 hr 30(Fischer- 344)mg/kgRabbit(NewZealand)Rabbit(NewZealand)Rabbit(NewZealand)Rabbit(NewZealand)SystemicRat(NS)Gn pig(albino)once2donceonceonceonceHepaticDermalDermal0.175% (altered carbohydratemetabolism)0.1 75% (dermatitis)336 M (LD 50)361 F (LD 50)mg/kg426 M553 Fmg/kg403 MF490mg/kg763 M549 Fmg/kg(LD 50)(LD 50)(LD 50)(LD 50)(LD 50)(LD 50)(LD 50)1.9 M (skin corrosion)mg/kgAmerican Chromeand Chemical1989CrO 3(VI)Gad et al. 1986Na 2Cr 2O 72H 2O (VI)Gad et al. 1986Na 2CrO 4(VI)Gad et al. 1986K 2Cr 2O 7(VI)Gad et al. 1986(NH 4) 2Cr 2O 7(VI)Merkur'eva et al.1982K 2Cr 2O 7(VI)Samitz 1970K 2Cr 2O 7(VI)2. HEALTH EFFECTS<strong>CHROMIUM</strong> 110
Gn pig(NS)Gn pig(NS)Rabbit(NS)Rabbit(NewZealand)Rabbit(NewZealand)Rabbit(NewZealand)Rabbit(NewZealand)3 d Dermal1 x/d3 d Dermal1 x/d5 min or 24 Ocularhr4 hr Dermal4 hr Dermal4 hr Dermal4 hr Dermallmmunological/LymphoreticularHumanHumanHumanonce48 hr48 hrTABLE 2-3. Levels of Significant Exposure to Chromium - Dermal (continued)Exposure/ aLOAELDuration/Species Frequency Reference/(Strain) (Specific Route) System NOAEL Less Serious Serious Form1 mg/kg0.1 mL Mof 1000mg/L0.35 (skin ulcers)mg/kg47 M (erythema, edema,mg/kg necrosis)42 M (erythema, edema)mg/kg55 (necrosis, erythema,mg/kg edema)47 M (necrosis, erythema,mg/kg edema)0.1 75% (positive patch test)0.001% (increased skin thicknessand blood flow)0.37 % (positive patch test)Sarnitz andEpstein 1962Cr 2(SO 4) 3(III)Sarnitz andEpstein 1962K 2Cr 2O (VI) 7Fujii et al. 1976Na 2CrO 4andNa 2Cr 2O 7(VI)Gad et al. 1986K 2Cr 2O (VI) 7Gad et al. 1986Na 2CrO (VI) 4Gad et al. 1986(NH 4) 2Cr 2O (VI) 7Gad et al. 1986Na 2Cr 2O 7(VI)Engelbrigsten1952K 2Cr 2O (VI) 7Eun and Marks1990K 2Cr 2O (VI) 7Fregert andRorsman 1964CrCl 36H 2O (III)2. HEALTH EFFECTS<strong>CHROMIUM</strong> 111
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TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FORCHROMIUMU.
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CHROMIUMiiiUPDATE STATEMENTToxicolo
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CHROMIUMviiQUICK REFERENCE FOR HEAL
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CHROMIUMxiPEER REVIEWA peer review
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CHROMIUMxiv2.2.3.1 Death ..........
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CHROMIUMxviC. ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIO
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CHROMIUM 11. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMEN
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CHROMIUM 121. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEME
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CHROMIUM 142. HEALTH EFFECTSessenti
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CHROMIUM 162. HEALTH EFFECTSuncerta
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TABLE 2-1. Levels of Significant Ex
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11 Rat 90 d Resp 0.025 M (increased
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20 Rat(Wistar)Reproductive90 d7 d/w
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33 Rat I8 mo Resp 0.1 M Glaser et a
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43 Human44 Human45 Human46 Human47
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forFigure 2-1. Levels of Significan
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35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r
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CHROMIUM 322. HEALTH EFFECTSInterme
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CHROMIUM 342. HEALTH EFFECTSexposur
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CHROMIUM 362. HEALTH EFFECTSsulfate
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CHROMIUM 382. HEALTH EFFECTScorrela
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CHROMIUM 402. HEALTH EFFECTS1953).
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CHROMIUM 422. HEALTH EFFECTSBaltimo
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CHROMIUM 442. HEALTH EFFECTSHepatic
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CHROMIUM 462. HEALTH EFFECTSdichrom
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CHROMIUM 482. HEALTH EFFECTSdamage
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CHROMIUM 502. HEALTH EFFECTSChromiu
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CHROMIUM 522. HEALTH EFFECTSAn exte
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CHROMIUM 542. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.1.7
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CHROMIUM 562. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.1.8
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CHROMIUM 582. HEALTH EFFECTSmajor p
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Page 94 and 95: CHROMIUM 742. HEALTH EFFECTSchromiu
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Page 102 and 103: Neurological45 Rat 28 d(Wistar)Repr
Page 104 and 105: 59 Mouse 85 d + 36.7 F NTP 1997(BAL
Page 106 and 107: CHRONIC EXPOSURESystemic70 Human71
Page 108 and 109: Figure 2-2. Levels of Significant E
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Page 118 and 119: CHROMIUM 982. HEALTH EFFECTSchanges
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Page 126 and 127: CHROMIUM 1062. HEALTH EFFECTSImpair
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Page 134 and 135: CHRONIC EXPOSURESystemicHuman 7.5 y
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Page 174 and 175: CHROMIUM 1542. HEALTH EFFECTS2.3.5
Page 176 and 177: CHROMIUM 1562. HEALTH EFFECTSFigure
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CHROMIUM 1602. HEALTH EFFECTSFigure
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CHROMIUM 1622. HEALTH EFFECTSInterr
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CHROMIUM 1642. HEALTH EFFECTSthe bl
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CHROMIUM 1662. HEALTH EFFECTSpreval
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CHROMIUM 1682. HEALTH EFFECTS2.5 RE
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CHROMIUM 1702. HEALTH EFFECTSSevera
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CHROMIUM 1722. HEALTH EFFECTSanimal
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CHROMIUM 1742. HEALTH EFFECTSOral M
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CHROMIUM 1762. HEALTH EFFECTSfibros
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CHROMIUM 1782. HEALTH EFFECTSNausea
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CHROMIUM 1802. HEALTH EFFECTSthe pr
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CHROMIUM 1822. HEALTH EFFECTSSevere
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CHROMIUM 1842. HEALTH EFFECTSdevelo
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CHROMIUM 1862. HEALTH EFFECTSthe ce
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CHROMIUM 1882. HEALTH EFFECTSimprov
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CHROMIUM 1902. HEALTH EFFECTSchroma
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CHROMIUM 1922. HEALTH EFFECTSIn ano
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Table 2-5. Genotoxicity of Chromium
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Table 2-5. Genotoxicity of Chromium
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Species (test system)Prokaryotic or
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Species (test system)S. typhimurium
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Species (test system)Mouse A18BcR c
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Species (test system)Prokaryotic or
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Species (test system)Syrian hamster
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CHROMIUM 2082. HEALTH EFFECTSet al.
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CHROMIUM 2102. HEALTH EFFECTScancer
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CHROMIUM 2122. HEALTH EFFECTS2.6 EN
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CHROMIUM 2142. HEALTH EFFECTSChromi
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CHROMIUM 2162. HEALTH EFFECTSchromi
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CHROMIUM 2182. HEALTH EFFECTSBiolog
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CHROMIUM 2202. HEALTH EFFECTSFigure
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CHROMIUM 2222. HEALTH EFFECTSemploy
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CHROMIUM 2242. HEALTH EFFECTSunexpe
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CHROMIUM 2262. HEALTH EFFECTSMutti
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CHROMIUM 2282. HEALTH EFFECTS1986a,
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CHROMIUM 2302. HEALTH EFFECTSconcen
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CHROMIUM 2322. HEALTH EFFECTSmentio
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CHROMIUM 2342. HEALTH EFFECTS2.11.2
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CHROMIUM 2362. HEALTH EFFECTSglutat
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CHROMIUM 2382. HEALTH EFFECTS1997).
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CHROMIUM 2402. HEALTH EFFECTS
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CHROMIUM 2422. HEALTH EFFECTSlimite
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CHROMIUM 2442. HEALTH EFFECTSThe re
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CHROMIUM 2462. HEALTH EFFECTS(Nette
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CHROMIUM 2482. HEALTH EFFECTSsperma
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CHROMIUM 2502. HEALTH EFFECTSThere
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CHROMIUM 2522. HEALTH EFFECTStimesp
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CHROMIUM 2542. HEALTH EFFECTSShmito
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CHROMIUM 2562. HEALTH EFFECTShas no
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CHROMIUM 2582. HEALTH EFFECTSTable
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CharacteristicSynonym(s)Table 3-1.
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CHROMIUM 2663. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICA
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CHROMIUM 2744. PRODUCTION, IMPORT/E
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CHROMIUM 2815. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN
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Derived from HazDat 2000Figure 5-2.
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State bTable 5-2. Releases to the E
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State bTable 5-2. Releases to the E
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CHROMIUM 3156. ANALYTICAL METHODSTh
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Sample matrixTable 6-1. Analytical
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CHROMIUM 3196. ANALYTICAL METHODS6.
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Sample matrixOccupational air(weldi
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Sample matrixWaste water 1986(chrom
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CHROMIUM 3256. ANALYTICAL METHODS6.
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CHROMIUM 3277. REGULATIONS AND ADVI
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CHROMIUM 3398. REFERENCES*Aaseth J,
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CHROMIUM 3418. REFERENCES*Anderson
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CHROMIUM 3438. REFERENCES*Baranowsk
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CHROMIUM 3458. REFERENCESBlack CB,
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CHROMIUM 3478. REFERENCES*Buckell M
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CHROMIUM 3498. REFERENCES*Chen NSC,
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CHROMIUM 3518. REFERENCESCriqui M,
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CHROMIUM 3538. REFERENCESDOD. 1947.
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CHROMIUM 3558. REFERENCES*EPA. 1984
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CHROMIUM 3578. REFERENCES*EPA. 1996
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CHROMIUM 3598. REFERENCESFlint GN,
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CHROMIUM 3618. REFERENCES*Gale TF,
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CHROMIUM 3638. REFERENCESGriepink B
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CHROMIUM 3658. REFERENCES*Hayes RB,
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CHROMIUM 3678. REFERENCESHunt CD, S
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CHROMIUM 3698. REFERENCES*Jansen LH
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CHROMIUM 3718. REFERENCESKeith RL,
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CHROMIUM 3738. REFERENCES*Korallus
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CHROMIUM 3758. REFERENCES*Laborda R
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CHROMIUM 3778. REFERENCESLees PSJ,
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CHROMIUM 3798. REFERENCES*Liu KJ, J
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CHROMIUM 3818. REFERENCES*Malm O, P
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CHROMIUM 3838. REFERENCESMehra R, B
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CHROMIUM 3858. REFERENCES*Morris B,
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CHROMIUM 3878. REFERENCES*Newbold R
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CHROMIUM 3898. REFERENCES*Novey HS,
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CHROMIUM 3918. REFERENCES*OSHA 1999
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CHROMIUM 3938. REFERENCESPiela Z, K
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CHROMIUM 3958. REFERENCESRI Div Air
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CHROMIUM 3978. REFERENCES*Sata F, A
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CHROMIUM 3998. REFERENCES*Sheppard
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CHROMIUM 4018. REFERENCES*Snyder CA
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CHROMIUM 4038. REFERENCESŠtupar J,
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CHROMIUM 4058. REFERENCESTamino G,
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CHROMIUM 4078. REFERENCES*Ueno S, S
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CHROMIUM 4098. REFERENCESWahlberg J
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CHROMIUM 4118. REFERENCES*Wiegand H
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CHROMIUM 4138. REFERENCES*Zhitkovic
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CHROMIUM 4169. GLOSSARYCase Series
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CHROMIUM 4189. GLOSSARYModifying Fa
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CHROMIUM 4209. GLOSSARYeither under
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CHROMIUM A-1APPENDIX AATSDR MINIMAL
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CHROMIUM A-3APPENDIX AMINIMAL RISK
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CHROMIUM A-5APPENDIX AMINIMAL RISK
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CHROMIUM A-7APPENDIX AWas a convers
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CHROMIUM B-2APPENDIX B(2) Exposure
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1SAMPLE6 TABLE 2-1. Levels of Signi
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CHROMIUM B-6APPENDIX BChapter 2 (Se
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CHROMIUM C-1APPENDIX CACRONYMS, ABB
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CHROMIUM C-3APPENDIX CTRITWAU.S.UFy
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