TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

CHROMIUM 1052. HEALTH EFFECTSIn the third study, groups of 10 female Druckrey rats were exposed to potassium dichromate in thedrinking water for 3 months pre-mating at concentrations yielding dose levels of 45, 89, or 124 mgchromium(VI)/kg/day (Kanojia et al. 1998). Reduced maternal gestational weight gain, increased preandpost-implantation loss, reduced fetal weight, fetal subdermal hemorrhagic thoracic and abdominalpatches, increased chromium levels in maternal blood, placenta, and fetuses, and increased incidences ofreduced ossification in fetal caudal bones were observed in all treatment groups. In addition, the 89 and124 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day dose groups exhibited increased resorptions, reduced numbers of corporalutea and fetuses per litter, reduced implantations, reduced placental weight, increased incidences ofreduced ossification in fetal parietal and interparietal bones, and reduced fetal crown-rump length. Notreatment-related gross visceral abnormalities were seen.Exposure of pregnant mice to 57 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day as potassium dichromate in drinking waterduring gestation resulted in embryo lethal effects (i.e., increased resorptions and increased postimplantationloss), gross abnormalities (i.e., subdermal hemorrhage, decreased cranial ossification, tailkinking), decreased crown-rump length, and decreased fetal weight. The incidence and severity ofabnormalities increased at higher doses. Maternal toxicity, evidenced by decreased body weight gain,occurred at doses $120 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day. No implantations were observed in the dams given234 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day (Trivedi et al. 1989).Groups of 10 female Swiss albino mice received chromium(VI) as potassium dichromate in drinkingwater during organogenesis on days 6–14 at levels that provided 0, 53.2, 101.1, and 152.4 mgchromium(VI)/kg/day (Junaid et al. 1996b). No notable changes in behavior or clinical signs wereobserved in control or treated animals. Reduction of gestational weight gains of 8.2 and 30% wereobserved for the animals in the intermediate- and high-dose groups. The number of dead fetuses washigher in the high-dose group and fetal weight was lower in both intermediate- and high-dose groups(high dose = 1.06 g, intermediate dose = 1.14 g) as compared to the control value of 1.3 g. The numberof resorption sites were 0.31 for controls, 1.00 for the low dose, 1.70 for the intermediate dose, and 2.30for the high dose, demonstrating a dose-response relationship. The studies also showed that there was asignificantly greater incidence of post-implantation loss in the two highest-dose groups of 21 and 34.60%as compared to control value of 4.32%. No significant gross structural abnormalities in any of the treateddosed groups were observed except for drooping of the wrist (carpal flexure) and subdermal hemorrhagicpatches on the thoracic and abdominal regions in 16% in the offspring of the high-dose group.Significant reduced ossification in nasal frontal, parietal, interparietal, caudal, and tarsal bones wereobserved only in the 152.4 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day-treated animals.