TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

CHROMIUM 982. HEALTH EFFECTSchanges in body weight gain were seen in rats or mice exposed to 9.8 or 48 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day,respectively, as potassium dichromate in the diet for 9 weeks (NTP 1996a, 1996b). In contrast, gavageadministration of 40 or 60 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day as sodium dichromate resulted in a 57 and 59%decrease in body weight gain, respectively (Chowdhury and Mitra 1995). No alterations in body weightgain were observed in rats chronically (1 year) exposed to 3.6 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day as potassiumchromate in drinking water (Mackenzie et al. 1958).Several studies have examined the effect of exposure to potassium dichromate in drinking water onmaternal body weight gain. An acute exposure (9 days) resulted in 8 and 24% decreases in body weightgain in pregnant mice exposed to 101 or 152 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day, respectively (Junaid et al. 1996b).Similarly, a decrease in maternal body weight gain was observed in pregnant mice exposed to 98 mgchromium(VI)/kg/day as potassium dichromate for 19 days (Trivedi et al. 1989). Reduced maternal bodyweight gains of 8, 14, and 21% were observed in rats exposed to 37, 70, or 87 mg chromium(VI)/kg/dayfor 20 days prior to mating (Kanojia et al. 1996). Similar decreases in body weight gain (18 and 24%)were observed in rats exposed to 89 or 124 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day, respectively, for 3 months prior tomating (Kanojia et al. 1998). However, no alterations in maternal body weight gain were observed in acontinuous breeding study in which rats were exposed to 36.7 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day as potassiumdichromate in the diet (NTP 1997).Dietary exposure to 9 mg chromium(III)/kg/day as chromium chloride or chromium picolinate for20 weeks (Anderson et al. 1997b) or 3.6 mg chromium(III)/kg/day as chromium chloride (Mackenzie etal. 1958) did not result in significant alterations in body weight gain. However, exposure to chromiumchloride in drinking water resulted in a 14 and 24% decrease in body weight gain in rats exposed to40 mg chromium(III)/kg/day for 12 weeks (Bataineh et al. 1997) and mice exposed to 5 mgchromium(III)/kg/day for 12 weeks (Elbetieha and Al-Hamood 1997), respectively. No alterations inbody weight gain were observed in rats or mice exposed to 0.46 or 0.48 mg chromium(III)/kg/day,respectively, as chromium acetate for a lifetime (Schroeder et al. 1964, 1965).2.2.2.3 Immunological and Lymphoreticular EffectsThe only reported effect of human exposure on the immune system was the exacerbation of chromiumdermatitis in chromium-sensitive individuals as noted for dermal effects in Section 2.2.2.2.