TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

CHROMIUM 972. HEALTH EFFECTSProteinuria and oliguria were also observed after ingestion of potassium dichromate by a 25-year-oldwoman (Goldman and Karotkin 1935).Effects on the kidneys of rats exposed to potassium chromate have been detected by biochemical andhistochemical techniques. Rats treated by gavage with 13.5 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day for 20 days hadincreased accumulation of lipids and accumulated triglycerides and phospholipids in different regions ofthe kidney than controls (Kumar and Rana 1982). Similar treatment of rats also resulted in inhibition ofmembrane enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and lipase) in thekidneys (Kumar and Rana 1984). Oliguria and proteinuria were observed in rats exposed to 100 mgchromium(VI)/kg/day as sodium chromate in drinking water for 28 days (Diaz-Mayans et al. 1986).However, histological examination revealed no morphological changes in the kidneys of rats exposed to3.6 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day as potassium chromate in drinking water for 1 year (MacKenzie et al.1958). Animals exposed to oral doses of chromium(III) compounds had no evidence of kidney damage.Histological examination revealed no morphological changes in the kidneys of rats exposed to 2,040 mgchromium(III)/kg/day as chromium oxide in the diet 5 days/week for 2 years (Ivankovic and Preussmann1975), of rats exposed to 3.6 mg chromium(III)/kg/day as chromium trichloride in drinking water for1 year (MacKenzie et al. 1958), of rats exposed to 9 mg chromium(III)/kg/day as chromium chloride orchromium picolinate in the diet for 20 weeks (Anderson et al. 1997b), or of rats exposed to 0.46 mgchromium(III)/kg/day as chromium acetate in the drinking water for 2–3 years (Schroeder et al. 1965).Dermal Effects. Administration of 0.04 mg chromium(VI)/kg as potassium dichromate in an oraltolerance test exacerbated the dermatitis of a building worker who had a 20-year history of chromiumcontact dermatitis. A double dose led to dyshidrotic lesions (vesicular eruptions) on the hands (Goitre etal. 1982). Dermatitis in 11 of 31 chromium-sensitive individuals worsened after ingestion of 0.036 mgchromium(VI)/kg as potassium dichromate (Kaaber and Veien 1977). The sensitizing exposures were notdiscussed or quantified.No studies were located regarding dermal effects in animals after oral exposure to chromium or itscompounds.Body Weight Effects. Significant decreases in body weight gain have been reported in twointermediate-duration potassium dichromate drinking water studies. A 19% decrease in body weight gainwas observed male rats exposed to 42 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day for 12 weeks (Bataineh et al. 1997) and a10% decrease was reported in male mice exposed to 6 mg chromium(VI)/kg/day for 12 weeks. No