TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com
32 Rat(BD)33 RatSwiss albino34 RatDruckrey35 Rat(albino)36 Rat(white)37 Rat(albino)38 Rat(Sprague-Dawley)90 d5 d/wk(F)20 d(W)3 mo(W)20 d7 d/wk(G)20 d7 d/wk(G)20 d7 d/wk(G)9wk(F)RespCardioGastroHematoHepaticRenalBd WtBd WtHepaticRenalRenalHepaticHematoHepaticRenalBd WtTABLE 2-2. Levels of Significant Exposure to Chromium - Oral (continued)Exposure/LOAELDuration/Key to a Species Frequency NOAEL Less Serious Serious Reference/figure (Strain) (Specific Route) System (mg Cr/kg/day) (mg Cr/kg/day) (mg Cr/kg/day)Form18061806180618061806180637452.1 M2.5 F9.89.89.870 (1 4% reduced maternalbody weight gain)89 (1 8% reduced maternalbody weight gain)13.5 M (lipid accumulation)13.5 M (lipid accumulation)13.5 M (inhibition of membraneenzymes; alkalinephosphatase, acidphosphatase, lipase)13.5 M (changes in liver enzymeactivities; inhibition ofacid phosphatase;enhancement of lipase)8.4 M (decreased mean9.8 F corpuscular volume)lvankovic andPreussmann 1975Cr 2O 387 (21 %reduced maternal body Kanojia et al. 1996weight gain) K 2Cr 2O (VI) 7124 (24% reduced maternal body Kanojia et al. 1998weight gain)K 2Cr 2O 7Kumar and Rana1982K 2Cr 2O (VI) 4Kumar and Rana1984K 2CrO (VI) 4Kumar et al. 1985K 2CrO (VI) 4NTP 1996bK 2Cr 2O 7(VI)2. HEALTH EFFECTSCHROMIUM 80
39 Mouse 12wk Bd Wt(Swiss)(W)Bd Wt40 Mouse 12 wk Bd Wt(Swiss)(W)41 Mouse 9wk Hemato(BALBIc)(F)HepaticRenalBd Wt42 Mouse 85 d + Gastro(BALB/c) PND 1-74(F1) +PND Hemato1 -21 (F2)(F)HepaticRenalBd Wt14 F7.4 M12 F1.1 M1.8 F484836.7 F36.7 F36.7 F36.7 F5 M (1 4% decrease in bodyweight gain)6 M (1 0% decrease in bodyweight gain)32.2 M (decreased mean48 F corpuscular volume)3.5 M (cytoplasmic5.6 F vacuolization ofhepatocytes)7.8 F (decreased meancorpuscular volume in43 Mouse 19 d Bd Wt 46 F 98 F (decreased maternal(albino) (W)weight gain)lmmunological/Lymphoreticular44 Rat 3-1 0 wk(Fischer- 344)(W)TABLE 2-2. Levels of Significant Exposure to Chromium - Oral (continued)Exposure/LOAELDuration/Key to a Species Frequency NOAEL Less Serious Serious Reference/figure (Strain) (Specific Route) System (mg Cr/kg/day) (mg Cr/kg/day) (mg Cr/kg/day)Form(F1)16 (increased proliferationof T- and B-lymphocytes inresponse to mitogensand antigens)Elbetieha andAl-Hamood 1997CrCI 3(III)Elbetieha andAl-Hamood 1997K 2Cr 2O 7(VI)NTP 1996aK 2Cr 2O 7(VI)NTP 1997K 2Cr 2O 7(VI)Trivedi et al. 1989K 2Cr 2O 7(VI)Snyder and Valle1991K 2Cr 2O 4(VI)2. HEALTH EFFECTSCHROMIUM 81
- Page 50 and 51: 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r
- Page 52 and 53: CHROMIUM 322. HEALTH EFFECTSInterme
- Page 54 and 55: CHROMIUM 342. HEALTH EFFECTSexposur
- Page 56 and 57: CHROMIUM 362. HEALTH EFFECTSsulfate
- Page 58 and 59: CHROMIUM 382. HEALTH EFFECTScorrela
- Page 60 and 61: CHROMIUM 402. HEALTH EFFECTS1953).
- Page 62 and 63: CHROMIUM 422. HEALTH EFFECTSBaltimo
- Page 64 and 65: CHROMIUM 442. HEALTH EFFECTSHepatic
- Page 66 and 67: CHROMIUM 462. HEALTH EFFECTSdichrom
- Page 68 and 69: CHROMIUM 482. HEALTH EFFECTSdamage
- Page 70 and 71: CHROMIUM 502. HEALTH EFFECTSChromiu
- Page 72 and 73: CHROMIUM 522. HEALTH EFFECTSAn exte
- Page 74 and 75: CHROMIUM 542. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.1.7
- Page 76 and 77: CHROMIUM 562. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.1.8
- Page 78 and 79: CHROMIUM 582. HEALTH EFFECTSmajor p
- Page 80 and 81: CHROMIUM 602. HEALTH EFFECTSfound a
- Page 82 and 83: CHROMIUM 622. HEALTH EFFECTSsignifi
- Page 84 and 85: CHROMIUM 642. HEALTH EFFECTSheavy s
- Page 86 and 87: CHROMIUM 662. HEALTH EFFECTScarcino
- Page 88 and 89: CHROMIUM 682. HEALTH EFFECTS(female
- Page 90 and 91: CHROMIUM 702. HEALTH EFFECTSFerroch
- Page 92 and 93: CHROMIUM 722. HEALTH EFFECTS1.2x10
- Page 94 and 95: CHROMIUM 742. HEALTH EFFECTSchromiu
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- Page 98 and 99: 20 Mouse 9 d Bd Wt 53.2 F 101 .1 F
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- Page 106 and 107: CHRONIC EXPOSURESystemic70 Human71
- Page 108 and 109: Figure 2-2. Levels of Significant E
- Page 110 and 111: MinimalFigure 2-2. Levels of Signif
- Page 112 and 113: CHROMIUM 922. HEALTH EFFECTSand blo
- Page 114 and 115: CHROMIUM 942. HEALTH EFFECTSHematol
- Page 116 and 117: CHROMIUM 962. HEALTH EFFECTSAverage
- Page 118 and 119: CHROMIUM 982. HEALTH EFFECTSchanges
- Page 120 and 121: CHROMIUM 1002. HEALTH EFFECTSsperma
- Page 122 and 123: CHROMIUM 1022. HEALTH EFFECTSchromi
- Page 124 and 125: CHROMIUM 1042. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.2.
- Page 126 and 127: CHROMIUM 1062. HEALTH EFFECTSImpair
- Page 128 and 129: CHROMIUM 1082. HEALTH EFFECTSrates
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- Page 132 and 133: HumanHumanHumanHumanHumanHumanHuman
- Page 134 and 135: CHRONIC EXPOSURESystemicHuman 7.5 y
- Page 136 and 137: CHROMIUM 1162. HEALTH EFFECTSNo stu
- Page 138 and 139: CHROMIUM 1182. HEALTH EFFECTSIrrita
- Page 140 and 141: CHROMIUM 1202. HEALTH EFFECTSindust
- Page 142 and 143: CHROMIUM 1222. HEALTH EFFECTSGuinea
- Page 144 and 145: CHROMIUM 1242. HEALTH EFFECTSmodel,
- Page 146 and 147: CHROMIUM 1262. HEALTH EFFECTSblood,
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32 Rat(BD)33 RatSwiss albino34 RatDruckrey35 Rat(albino)36 Rat(white)37 Rat(albino)38 Rat(Sprague-Dawley)90 d5 d/wk(F)20 d(W)3 mo(W)20 d7 d/wk(G)20 d7 d/wk(G)20 d7 d/wk(G)9wk(F)RespCardioGastroHematoHepaticRenalBd WtBd WtHepaticRenalRenalHepaticHematoHepaticRenalBd WtTABLE 2-2. Levels of Significant Exposure to Chromium - Oral (continued)Exposure/LOAELDuration/Key to a Species Frequency NOAEL Less Serious Serious Reference/figure (Strain) (Specific Route) System (mg Cr/kg/day) (mg Cr/kg/day) (mg Cr/kg/day)Form18061806180618061806180637452.1 M2.5 F9.89.89.870 (1 4% reduced maternalbody weight gain)89 (1 8% reduced maternalbody weight gain)13.5 M (lipid accumulation)13.5 M (lipid accumulation)13.5 M (inhibition of membraneenzymes; alkalinephosphatase, acidphosphatase, lipase)13.5 M (changes in liver enzymeactivities; inhibition ofacid phosphatase;enhancement of lipase)8.4 M (decreased mean9.8 F corpuscular volume)lvankovic andPreussmann 1975Cr 2O 387 (21 %reduced maternal body Kanojia et al. 1996weight gain) K 2Cr 2O (VI) 7124 (24% reduced maternal body Kanojia et al. 1998weight gain)K 2Cr 2O 7Kumar and Rana1982K 2Cr 2O (VI) 4Kumar and Rana1984K 2CrO (VI) 4Kumar et al. 1985K 2CrO (VI) 4NTP 1996bK 2Cr 2O 7(VI)2. HEALTH EFFECTS<strong>CHROMIUM</strong> 80
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