COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY GUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINESforLABORATORY DESIGNFebruary 2010Revised 2 nd edition July 2011Revised 3 rd edition December 2011

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNExecutive Summary1 Codes and Standards/References1.1 Codes and Standards1.2 References1.3 Lab Permitting2 Definitions2.1 Laboratory2.2 Chemical Fume Hoods2.3 Chemical Storage Room2.4 Commissioning Terminology2.5 Cryogen2.6 Lab Programming Terminology2.7 Critical Environment2.8 Critical Equipment3 Sustainability3.1 General3.2 Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions3.3 Air Quality3.4 Waste Minimization4 General Guidelines for Laboratory Design4.1 General Project Requirements4.2 Commissioning4.3 Approvals5 Architectural Guidelines for Laboratory Design5.1 Layout Requirements5.2 Finishes5.3 Casework5.4 Furniture5.5 Lighting5.6 Storage: Chemical5.7 Storage: Regulated Medical Waste5.8 Acoustic & vibration5.9 Signage6 MEP Guidelines for Laboratory Design6.1 MEP General Design Considerations6.2 Mechanical6.3 Building Automation System (BAS)6.4 Electrical6.5 Plumbing7 Safety and Security Guidelines for Laboratory Design7.1 General7.2 Eyewash and Safety Showers7.3 Biosafety7.4 Fire and Life Safety7.5 Security8 Special Rooms and Equipment8.1 Environmental Rooms2

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN9 AppendicesAppendix I – Members of LDWGAppendix II – Laboratory Door Signage Cut SheetAppendix III – Laboratory Ventilation and Fume Hood ExhaustAppendix IV – Eye-Face Wash/Drench Hoses and Overhead EmergencyShowersExecutive SummaryDesigned for Project Managers (PMs), Architects and Engineers (A/Es) and LaboratoryDesign Consultants.Good laboratory planning and design will provide a safe, efficient and collaborativeenvironment for scientific research and teaching. This pursuit must, at all times,recognize the University’s commitment to lessening its environmental footprint,including minimizing the release of airborne particulates and reducing greenhouse gasemissions, which stem in large part from the combustion of fossil fuels used in theprocess of providing illumination, ventilation, and air-conditioning, etc to support thelaboratory work environment. It is at this intersection where some of the most difficultdesign and future operation decisions are considered. In achieving these goals, it isessential for all stakeholders to openly engage in these discussions. Outlined below areColumbia University Guidelines for Laboratory Design (“Guidelines”) by which a designteam, and other stakeholders, including client representatives and/or PrincipalInvestigators, using a combination of general laboratory programming, planning, design,documentation and project delivery processes, will develop a safe and efficient labenvironment based on the specific needs of the laboratory in an energy-efficient andenvironmentally sustainable manner. The Guidelines are primarily intended for thedesign and construction of new “wet” laboratories or renovations in which sigficantmodifications will be made and building systems and infrastructure can meet theseGuidelines. Although not primarily intended for “dry” or computational laboratories,components of the Guidelines may apply and should be incorporated in the design ofthese laboratories. This document provides minimum requirements; more stringentrequirements may be necessary depending on the specific laboratory function orcontaminants generated.The University is one of the founding members of the PlaNYC University MayoralChallenge and is committed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 30% by the year2017. All laboratory designs shall implement energy efficient measures to achieve thisgoal.These Guidelines were formulated as a consensus document among all members of theLaboratory Design Working Group (Appendix I). All laboratory design teams shallconsult with Columbia University’s: Environmental Health & Safety (EH&S), Facilitiesand the Office of Environmental Stewardship (OES) during the schematic design phase.These offices shall be involved throughout the design process. The Guidelines shall bereviewed to incorporate regulatory changes, industry developments and best practiceson an annual basis.3

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN1 Codes and Standards/References1.1 Codes and StandardsLaboratories will be designed to comply with applicable federal, state and locallaws and regulations to facilitate compliance and reporting requirements not limitedto the latest edition of the following:AAALAC (Association for Assessment & Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care)ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act 29CFR 1630)ASHRAE (American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air ConditioningEngineers) Standards, Handbooks and Laboratory Design GuideBBCNY (Building Code of the City of New York)CAMH (Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Hospitals): The Official HandbookECCCNYC (Energy Conservation Construction Code of New York State)EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) regulationsGLP (United States Food and Drug Administration’s Good Laboratory Practices)GMP (United States Food and Drug Administration’s Good ManufacturingPractices)IES (illuminating Engineering Society) StandardsJCAHO (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations)Labs21 (Laboratories for the 21 st Century) GuidelinesLEED (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design) for LabsNIH (National Institutes of Health) Design Requirements Manual for BiomedicalLaboratories and Animal Research FacilitiesNFPA (National Fire Protection Association)NYFPC (New York City Fire Prevention Code)NYCRR (New York City Rules and Regulations)OSHA (Occupational Health & Safety Administration)PlaNYC University Mayoral Challenge1.2 ReferencesACGIH: Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practices, 25 th Edition,Cincinnati, OH. American Conference of Government and Governmental Industrialhygienists, 2004.ANSI/AIHA Z9.5 – 2003: Laboratory Ventilation, Fairfax, VA. American IndustrialHygiene Association. 2003.ANSI/ASHRAE 110-1995: Method of Testing Performance of Laboratory FumeHoods. Atlanta, GA. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and AirConditioning Engineers, Inc. 1995.4

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNCenters for Disease Control and Prevention/National Institutes of Health-2007:Biological Safety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories.Columbia University EH&S (www.ehs.columbia.edu) for additional Health and SafetyPolicies and Procedures.Columbia University Environmental Stewardship (www.environment.columbia.edu)for Energy Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Policies and Initiatives.Columbia University Facilities (www.facilities.columbia.edu) for Service Requests andPlant Engineering Standards.NFPA 45-2000: Standard of Fire Protection for Laboratories Using Chemicals. Quincy,MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2000.FDNY Code 2702.1: New Fire Code for New York City Section 2702.1 Definitions. 2008NYC Building Code BC 419.4 N.Y. ADC. LAW § 28-701.2C4: NY Code – Section28-701.2C4: Special Detailed Requirements Based on Use and OccupancySection BC 419.4 Non-Production Chemical Laboratories Definitions.NFPA 701: Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles andFilms. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2004.OSHA 1910.1450 (B): PART 1910 Occupational Safety and Health Standards.Subpart 1910.1450 (B) Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals inLaboratories Definitions.RCNY 10-2008: Section FC 2706 Non-Production Chemical Laboratories. New York,NY: NYC FDNY Fire Code, 2008.1.3 Lab PermittingLaboratories located in New York City where flammable liquids, oxidizers, or corrosivesare used or stored above limits specified by the Fire Department, City of New York(FDNY) must be permitted by the FDNY. Below is a minimum list of documentsrequired by FDNY in the permitting process, which if not produced will result in aViolation Order (VO) and non-issuance of a permit to operate the laboratory.• A copy of approved floor plans indicating fire rating of walls & partitions(Department of Buildings (DOB) stamp).• A copy of approved plans that indicate the run of duct systems for chemicalfume hoods.• A copy of approved plans indicating the number of air changes per hour (ACH)the ventilation system is designed to achieve. FDNY currently accepts no lessthan 6 ACH as the laboratory ventilation design. Laboratory ventilation may bedesigned to operate at greater than 6 ACH and is generally designed to operateat 8 ACH or more.• An affidavit from an engineer or an air balance report indicating the actualoperating ACH. FDNY currently accepts no less than 6 ACH as the operationalACH for each space requiring a laboratory permit. Laboratory ventilation mayoperate at greater than 6 ACH.5

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN• Chemical Storage Rooms and manifold rooms that service other labs require,along with approval from DOB, that plans be submitted to and approved byFDNY Tech Management Unit.• For Blackout Curtains, an affidavit from the manufacturer stating that thecurtains are “inherently-flame resistant” and have been tested as per NFPA 701is required. Must state building and room numbers on affidavit. Also mustprovide an affidavit from a NYC Certificate of Fitness holder that it has passedflame proofing test.• Evidence from the manufacturer that gas manifold headers are capable ofwithstanding 3000 psig. This can be in the form of the manufacturer’sliterature on specifications.• A notarized affidavit/statement from licensed plumber that piping from manifoldto workstation has been tested in accordance with NFPA must be provided andinclude building name, address and room numbers.2 Definitions2.1 LaboratoryLaboratory means a facility where the "laboratory use of hazardous chemicals” occurs.It is a workplace where relatively small quantities of hazardous chemicals are used on anon-production basis [OSHA 1910.1450(B)].Lab Unit: An enclosed space of a minimum one hour rated construction, designed orused as per a non-production laboratory. Laboratory units may include one or moreseparate laboratory work areas, and accessory storage rooms or spaces within orcontiguous with the laboratory unit, such as offices and lavatories. [FDNY Code 2702.1,NYC Building Code BC 419.4]Permitted Laboratory: A laboratory requiring a permit from the FDNY.2.2 Chemical Fume HoodsRefer to: Columbia University Guidelines for Laboratory Design: Laboratory Ventilationand Fume Hood Exhaust Systems http://www.ehs.columbia.edu/FinalLabDesign4-09.pdf (Appendix III)2.3 Chemical Storage RoomShall comply with New York City 2008 Building Code Section 419.9.Approved DOB plans of Chemical Storage Rooms must be submitted to FDNY TechManagement for approval to obtain proper FDNY permits.2.4 Commissioning TerminologyBasis of Design - all information necessary to accomplish the design intent includingweather data, interior environmental criteria, other pertinent design assumptions, costgoals, and references to applicable codes, standards, regulations and guidelines.6

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNCommissioning - the process of ensuring that the equipment, components andsystems are designed, installed, functionally tested, and capable of being operated andmaintained to perform in conformity with the design intent.Commissioning Plan - a document defining the commissioning process, this isdeveloped in increasing detail as the project progresses through its various phases.Design intent - a detailed explanation of the ideas, concepts, and criteria that aredefined by the owner to be important. This typically is an expansion of the informationprovided in the Owner’s Program. The initial document should describe the facility’sfunctional needs, intended levels and quality of environmental control and needs.Owner’s Project Requirements – is a written document that details the functionalrequirements of a project and the expectations of how it will be used and operated.2.5 CryogenCryogenic Container - A pressure container, low-pressure container or atmosphericcontainer of any size designed or used for the transportation, handling or storage of acryogenic fluid, and which utilizes venting, insulation, refrigeration or a combinationthereof to maintain the pressure within design parameters for such container and tokeep the contents in a liquid state.Cryogenic Fluid - A super-cooled substance (usually liquid) used to cool othermaterials to extremely low temperatures. A fluid having a boiling point lower than -130°F (-89.9 °C) at 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute (psia) (an absolute pressure of101.3 kPa).2.6 Lab Programming TerminologyBlocking and Stacking Diagrams – A programmatic diagram consisting of stackedprogrammatic groups or blocks that include diagrammatic building componentsincluding structural, circulation, Mechanical Engineering and Plumbing (MEP), envelopeand lab system elements for the purpose of testing a program against a conceptualbuilding model both vertically and horizontally.ELF – Equivalent Linear Feet of Bench. ELF is used interchangeably between hi/lowbench configurations and floor mounted lab equipment depending on the type ofresearch and facility needs.Detailed Space Program – A Detailed Space Program is a program document thatbreaks every room or space in a building with specific details of the nature andrequirements of each space.FAR – Floor Area Ratio is floor area defined by the applicable Zoning regulations andtypically excludes infrastructure and building core elements.GFA – Gross Floor Area, typically includes all Building Components on a floor by floorbasis excluding exterior wall, shafts, and multiple height spaces above the floor they areassigned to.GSF – Gross Square Feet, typically includes all Building Components.7

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNMacro Program – A program document at a high level or order usually at theDepartmental Level. The intent of a Macro Program is to briefly summarize the largerprogrammatic functions into rolled up categories. Macro Programs are typicallyfollowed by a more Detailed Space Program.NSF – Net Square Feet, typically excludes any Building Core and Shell elements suchas elevators, shafts, stairs, columns, public corridors, exterior skin and other suchbuilding components.Proximity Matrix – A programmatic matrix identifying what degrees of adjacencies andseparations are required.RDS – Room Data Sheets, which are comprised of a generic plan/layout configuration,detailed room finish, circulation, HVAC, system/utility requirements, and equipmentlayouts.ZSF – Zoning Square Feet, typically limited to square feet assignable to FAR.2.7 Critical EnvironmentA laboratory space can be classified as Critical Environment if any of the followingthree conditions is satisfied:• A laboratory space where the temperature cannot fluctuate more than + or- 2° C from the design condition.• A laboratory space where humidity control requires the use of either ahumidifier or the need for reheat.• A laboratory space where the research being performed cannot tolerate anunscheduled outage or disruption of a central Heating Ventilation and AirConditioning (HVAC) system supporting the space.Laboratories not fitting into any of these criteria will be considered “non criticalenvironments”.2.8 Critical Laboratory EquipmentCritical Laboratory Equipment shall be defined as equipment that cannot experiencean interruption or fluctuation in the one or more utility services which support it.3 Sustainability3.1 GeneralColumbia University is committed to reducing its environmental footprint. With over 24environmental academic programs, and approximately 30 centers relating toenvironmental programs, the University is a world leader position in the environmentalsphere. This environmental stewardship commitment extends to all administrativedepartments.8

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN3.2 Energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissionsAll laboratory designs must factor in a gross square footage energy load estimate tomeet the PlaNYC goal. This estimate shall be reviewed by the Office of EnvironmentalStewardship (OES) to be evaluated for consistency with the University’s commitment.Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) for lab renovations of more than 3000 square feet shall beconducted to evaluate long-term budget, energy, and environmental impacts inconsidering lab design options. No energy-efficiency measure shall be eliminated for aless energy-efficient option without first being part of a life cycle cost analysis.Consultants shall assist the owner in identifying potential design solutions in support ofproject goals pertaining to funding from New York State Energy Research DevelopmentAuthority (NYSERDA) and other government and private sources, including theDepartment of Energy (DOE), as part of the design process so as to maximize theUniversity’s eligibility for funding for energy-efficient design and equipment, and thebudget and life-cycle analysis.3.3 Air QualityThe University’s Manhattan campuses are situated in areas that have amongst thehighest rates of asthma and childhood asthma in the United States. Moreover, thesecampuses are located in environmental justice zones. Particulate emissions and otherair pollutants shall be considered in laboratory design and operations so as to minimizesuch emissions and promote the health of the residents of the surrounding communities.3.4 Waste MinimizationConstruction and demolition debris and material shall be recycled or reused at a rateconsistent with the overall project’s LEED goals. Following laboratory clearance byEH&S, surplus equipment and furniture must be made available to the OES SurplusReuse Program for consideration.4 General Guidelines for Laboratory Design4.1 General Project RequirementsMeeting the educational and research goals of the academic department alongsidehealth, safety and operational goals should be the guiding principle for theArchitect/Engineer (A/E).Attention to detail is extremely important to the success of laboratory space. It isincumbent upon the A/E to ascertain the needs of the project.A/E shall be responsible for satisfying design requirements stipulated by any grantingsources.4.2 CommissioningAll laboratory projects shall be commissioned in accordance with a commissioning plandeveloped by either in-house facilities operations personnel or a third party provider.The A/E will develop, draft and finalize the “owner’s project requirements”, “designintent”, and “basis of design” portions of the commissioning plan with the support fromthe assigned University Project Manager, Environmental Health & Safety (EH&S),9

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNFacilities, commissioning provider and the University client. The commissioning providerwill develop verification and functional performance testing requirements and operationand maintenance criteria.Parameters for energy, water consumption, sizing of utility services and distribution,must be established early in the project. These parameters must be established in theschematic level.4.3 ApprovalsA Professional Engineer (PE) or Registered Architect (RA) must provide signed andsealed documents with code compliant design with necessary affidavits and documentsfor full Department of Buildings (DOB) and FDNY compliance and approvals.A/E shall be responsible for responding to comments from the University underwriter(e.g., FM Global) for conformity with underwriter’s policy design requirements.4.4 Speculative ProjectsProjects that have speculative tenancy in part or in whole shall be designed under theguidance of the Executive Committee.5 Architectural Guidelines for Laboratory Design5.1 Layout RequirementsTo the extent possible, laboratories should be oriented to take advantage of naturallighting (with consideration for controlling sunlight and glare). This desire must bebalanced against the energy modeling goals established for sustainability,therefore operable windows must be in conformance with the intent of the projectand space, and must be accounted for in the HVAC design. Operable windows areacceptable in office areas, but not laboratory space. Operable windows inlaboratory space shall only be permitted based on a demonstrated research needor Facilities requirement, and following consultation between the end-user, CUFand/or CUMC CPM, and EH&S.• Laboratory space shall be separate from offices, common space andequipment room space.• Occupants should not have to go through a laboratory space to exit from nonlaboratoryareas.• Laboratories shall be designed to minimize foot traffic in areas where air flowsensitive devices (biological safety cabinets, fume hoods) are in use.• Each door from a hallway into a lab should be a minimum of 36” wide and havea view panel. Door sizes shall be coordinated to allow for equipment and cartaccess and wall protection if required.• Modular design is a preferable approach and is highly encouraged for flexibility.• Mechanical and electrical devices shall be readily accessible with localized shutoff per direction by Facilities.10

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN• A break out area will be provided on every floor for collaboration and whereeating and drinking will be permitted. This shall be external to permitted labspace.• To the extent practical, projects with heavy computing programmaticrequirements such as bioinformatics shall have servers situated in a computerroom external to a wet lab environment. Such projects shall be designed formaximum energy efficiency suitable for the programmatic and functionalrequirements of the project. Off site options shall be reviewed as part of the duediligence process.5.2 FinishesAcoustic, maintenance and durability considerations should be the primary concerns infinishes for laboratories. Sound transmission classification (STC) ratings of structuralcomponents and finishes should be taken into consideration when selecting materialsand systems.Interior finishes shall contain low or no Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), and to thegreatest extent possible be obtained to achieve the Leadership in Energy andEnvironmental Design (LEED) credit for local sourcing. Materials shall to the greatestextent possible contain recycled content, be recyclable, be sustainably produced andmeet cradle-to-cradle standards. Examples include recycled steel, ceiling tiles, andwallboard as well as rubber flooring. Rapidly renewable materials shall also beconsidered where suitable.5.2.1 Walls and Doors• Designers to select materials that allow for normal cleaning, upkeep, andmaintenance.• Wall & corner protection should be provided where cart or equipment trafficoccurs regularly.• Doors into laboratories should be provided with vision panels (to see if lab is inuse), self closing door hardware and kick plates.5.2.2 Floors• Wet chemical laboratories must have chemically resistant flooring.• Floors shall be level, non-slip.• Floor drains shall only be installed based on a demonstrated engineering need(e.g., in conjunction with the installation of an overhead emergency shower),Where floor drains are indicated, they must be outfitted with a trap seal primerto prevent the escape of sewer gas.• Finished flooring shall be installed throughout the laboratory to accommodateflexible laboratory conditions and room modifications.• Floors shall have a minimum 4-inch high cove base.• Where an integral continuous base is not provided, a continuous bead ofsealant will be provided between wall plates and floors.• If needed, conductive tile should be set in approved conductive adhesive andprovided with an appropriate grounding strip for connection to an external11

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNground. Ground connection to an external ground shall be indicated.Conductive flooring shall be provided with a conductive cove base. Specialcleaning and maintenance requirements should be specified.5.2.3 Ceilings• Concern for proper acoustics should prevail in selection of ceiling materials. Foracoustic panel ceilings, the preference is for a removable panel system.• No concealed-spline ceilings.• Seal joints at suspended ceiling perimeters and transitions with hardconstruction.• Suspended ceilings shall be designed to avoid narrow or sliver panels, andunequal placement of panels on perimeter.• Wet areas, Vivarium, or other special lab areas shall have hard, Fiberreinforced panel (FRP) or other special ceiling system that provides compliancewith Association for Assessment & Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care(AAALAC), Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) or Good Manufacturing Practice(GMP) requirements as applicable. Retaining clips shall be provided whererequired.• Access panels as determined by Facilities Operations and/or Engineering shallbe provided to sufficiently access all volume dampers, fire and smoke dampers,valves and equipment for maintenance and repair.5.2.4 Window Treatment• Review needed for sunlight filtering in laboratories, but 1% to 3% isrecommended. Standard room darkening shades may be manual or motorized.• Room Darkening vs. Solar Controls - Solar controls to support the HVAC needsmust be considered for both the exterior and interior of the laboratory space innew construction.5.3 Casework• Work surfaces should be chemical resistant, smooth, and readily cleanable.Back and side splashes shall be provided along the perimeter of lab benches.Transitions from standing to sitting height benches shall have work surfacetransition for continuous chemical resistant surfaces for wet labs.• Filler Panels shall be provided at all inside corners to allow for smooth, full opendoor and drawer operation.• Work surfaces, including computer areas, should incorporate ergonomicfeatures, such as adjustability, task and day lighting and equipment layout.• Bench work areas should have knee space to allow room for chairs near fixedinstruments, equipment or for procedures requiring prolonged operation.• Cup sinks on bench tops shall be installed only after the determination ofspecific research need based on consultation among the end user and EH&S. Ifapproved, a lip must be installed around the basin perimeter to preventinadvertent release of spilled material into the drain. Cup sinks shall be outfittedwith a trap seal primer to prevent the escape of sewer gas.12

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN• Open shelving must be designed so that maximum shelf height is no closerthan 36 inches from the ceiling to maintain a minimum of 18 inches clear abovestored items.5.4 FurnitureFurniture shall be scheduled to the extent possible with standardized dimensions andparts and in compliance with university-wide campus standards.5.5 Lighting5.5.1 General• Day lighting shall be maximized where possible for user comfort. Lightingshould be even across the room, with a maintained light level capable of 75foot-candles on the work surface. Non-laboratory space shall follow IlluminatingEngineering Society (IES) standards. A combination of lighting zones,dimmable fixtures, and controlled daylight and occupancy sensors withadjustable sensitivity in the room is ideal. Fixtures should control glare andshould not produce a veiled reflection in the room or on equipment and rendercolors accurately and uniformly with minimum eye strain. If a room is multifunctional,the A/E is responsible to account for the lighting designconsiderations for the various tasks that are to occur in the different sectors ofthe room.• If a space has a ceiling above 12’ in height, the project team shall review allaccess requirements for light fixture maintenance and incorporate any fixedrequirements such as access panels, into the documents.• Much of the public space lighting on the University campus is controlled byoccupancy sensors. Typically, at least one light in a space will be on anemergency circuit or per building code which ever one governs. The occupancysensor is to be wired upstream of a conventional light switch so it operates as avacancy sensor. The operation of occupancy sensors should be carefullycoordinated with the room use. All designs must comply with applicable codes• Ceiling mounted ultrasonic sensors (or better) shall be used in corridors to turnoff lights. Select fixtures shall remain “on” at all times in sufficient quantity tomaintain a minimum of 2 foot candles for security and safety. (It is the intentthat these select fixtures be part of the back-up generator powered emergencyegress lights, rather than a set of additional fixtures.)• Lab area lighting is to have automatic controls (day-lighting, sensors, etc.) aspreviously described unless lab functions require special consideration. Tasklighting at lab benches need not be automatically controlled.• Lighting fixtures should not be placed where they will obstruct or interfere withthe spray pattern of sprinkler heads. (Refer to NFPA 13).5.5.2 Lighting types• T-5 fluorescent lighting or Light-Emitting Diodes (LED) are standard for theUniversity. Indirect/direct lighting is preferred for its even quality, howevershould only be considered when ceiling height is adequate (9’-6” minimum). Forany needed down lighting or highlighting, a compact fluorescent lamp, T-513

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNfluorescent or LED may be used as appropriate. Incandescent fixtures are notto be used; an LED fixture may be used to mitigate RFI concerns.• In public spaces or where special lighting is required, the A/E may submitalternate lighting systems to the CUF or CUMC CPM for review and approval.5.6 Storage (Chemical)• NYC campuses must adhere to 2008 NYC Building, 2008 Fire Code, Title 3Section 4827-01(G) (1), and NFPA 45, 2004 edition. The A/E is responsible toconfirm all hazard, code and regulatory issues that apply to the design of theproject and be coordinated and approved by EH&S, and CUF or CUMC CPM.• Minimum code required clearances for sprinklers shall be maintained includingconsiderations for JCAHO spaces, where applicable. (See ‘Casework’, above).Explosion-proof or flammable-proof refrigerator shall be used if flammablematerials must be stored.• Explosion-proof hoods, equipment, finishes, systems, etc. shall be designed andspecified where required by applicable codes.• Chemical storage is not permitted underneath sinks; prohibition label will beaffixed to the cabinets.• Cabinets for chemical storage should be of solid, sturdy construction, with built-inpartition for separation of incompatible chemicals for secondary containment, andvented as required by applicable code.• Flammable gases or liquid storage, use or dispensing is not permitted belowgrade or near a means of egress.• Storage of corrosive chemicals (acids and bases) shall be so arranged that therewill be no contact with bare unprotected metals or casework. Storage cabinets forcorrosive materials must be poly-lined and protected. Additionally, oxidizing acidscannot be stored on cellulosic material.• Laboratories which operate High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) orrelated equipment must have a workstation which is designed so that wastecontainers are not stored on the floor.• Laboratories using compressed gases should have areas designated for cylinderstorage and be equipped with devices to secure cylinders in place. Cylindersmust not be secured to plumbing or electrical conduits. Cylinder Manifoldsystems shall be designed to be readily accessible for FDNY inspection andhave required permit information readily available.• Flammable Storage Cabinets whether stand alone or incorporated underchemical fume hoods are suggested as flammable limits are allowed to beincreased (or doubled) with the presence of a Flammable Storage Cabinet in alaboratory5.7 Storage (Regulated Medical Waste)• Adequate storage/staging shall be provided for containers awaiting removaland for an adequate reserve.14

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN• Sites where Regulated Medical Waste (RMW) is staged prior to pick up shallincorporate the following features:• Protection from the environment and limitation of exposure to thepublic.• RMW must be maintained in a non-putrescent state, usingrefrigeration, if necessary.• Storage area shall be provided with locks to prevent unauthorizedaccess.• The A/E shall be responsible to provide a vermin control specificationthat meets the applicable bio-safety, AAALAC and InstitutionalAnimal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) requirements.5.8 Acoustic and Vibration• The A/E shall consider maximum acceptable noise and vibration criteria ineach equipment selection, location, and system design and discuss thoseconsiderations with CUF or CUMC CPM.• The A/E shall ensure appropriate application of noise and vibration controldevices.5.9 Signage• Laboratory signage within New York City shall be provided by means of thestandard EH&S “Laboratory Sign,” (Appendix II) which includes space for up tofour different hazard-specific inserts. The sign shall be placed adjacent to thelatch side of the door leading to the laboratory located in the area of the midpointof the height of the door. (RCNY Title 3, Chapter 2706-01).6 MEP Guidelines for Laboratory Design6.1 MEP General Design Considerations• Overall, MEP distribution shall be based on a modular layout. Systemsshall be designed to ensure reliability, maximize operational flexibility andcapacity for renovation, allow service to occur without interfering withresearch, and to minimize potential for disruption due to single pointfailures and routine maintenance. At the same time, systems will be“right-sized” so as to maximize energy efficiency and take account offewer air changes as appropriate (Appendix III).• A primary goal for distribution systems is to minimize floor penetrations inlaboratory areas.• A/E shall utilize efficient capacity methods for sizing primary equipment toprovide required redundancy and overage while maintaining energyefficient operation for the normal operating load profile.• Early planning and coordination with the entire design team is critical andclose coordination between mechanical, electrical, and structural15

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNdisciplines is required to minimize interference of piping/ventilatingsystems and electrical systems, with structural framing.• Whenever connections are made into existing systems to serve newequipment, additions, or renovated areas, the A/E shall ensure theexisting system will not be adversely affected or in any case fall below thestandards of code as a result of the new work. This may require the A/Eto study existing infrastructure and systems capacity far beyond the actualplanned point of connection to ensure adequacy.• The design shall carefully consider cost effective approaches that shallresult in economical arrangements of MEP services including risers,mains, branches, run outs for both valving and circuiting arrangementsthat allow for shutdown of individual laboratories, as well as independentisolation of each floor, building wing, and zone without affecting otherareas.• Space shall be provided for accessibility to permit modifications andmaintenance to the system. Equipment shall include, but not be limited to,valves, cleanouts, motors, controllers, and drain points, etc. Whererequired, access doors or panels shall be provided.• MEP materials and methods shall be compatible with system application.The selection of materials and installation methods shall incorporatespecial requirements unique to individual program areas, such asconsideration of magnetic fields, special materials, shielding, also all typesof chemical exposure etc. in accordance with equipment and functionaloperation requirements.• In existing facilities renovated to accommodate a new lab program, theA/E should specify sealing existing penetrations.• Utility metering shall be provided for primary utility services, capable ofautomatically registering peak flow and totalization to the buildingautomation utility monitoring systems to the extent possible. The A/E shallcoordinate all metering requirements with Facilities during the earlyschematic design phase of the project.• Equipment and piping installations shall be designed to preclude noiseand vibration transfer beyond referenced limits, including but not limited touse of resilient supports, vibration dampening equipment bases, flexibleconnectors or braided hoses as appropriate, and other considerations asrequired for the intended operation of the facility.6.2 Mechanical6.2.1 Design Considerations• Summer Outdoor design conditions:Research facilities where mechanical systems are being greatly modified shallbe designed for 92° F Dry bulb, 74° F Wet bulb.Open cell cooling towers shall be designed for 78 ° F Wet bulbs.Evaporative condensing units shall be designed for 105° F ambient.16

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN• Heat recovery systems shall be utilized unless analysis demonstrates nonfeasibility.6.2.2 Critical Environment spacesCritical environment spaces shall be served from a dedicated cooling system.Ideally these systems should be 100% redundant and be provided both normaland emergency power. The financial commitment must be evaluated with thevalue of the research which could be lost in a brief or prolonged outage.Centralized campus chilled water systems that are adequately sized andavailable on a year round basis can provide backup cooling support with theunderstanding that this system could experience unexpected shutdown and isnot on emergency power.6.2.3 Dedicated (year round) chilled waterDedicated chilled water refers to year round, 24/7, chilled water used to cool labspaces and occupants (environmental comfort). It is a University goal to minimize theproduction of all central plant chilled water, particularly dedicated chilled water. Theuse of air side economizers is encouraged for environmental comfort where practical.All proposed uses of dedicated chilled water require approval from Plant Engineering.Where that need is established, Plant Engineering will evaluate if the existing buildinginfrastructure has the capacity to support the additional load. When infrastructureupgrades are required, it is intended that they be performed on a building wide basisand include forecasted load growth.6.2.4 Process chilled waterProcess chilled water refers to chilled water used to cool critical and non critical labequipment. Process chilled water systems generally operate year round, 24/7. All newand substantially renovated science buildings are required to provide process chilledwater systems to serve these needs and include a realistic building growth factor.Process chilled water systems shall be designed in a manner that allows expansion ofthe system with minimal disruption to the building. In consultation with CUF,consideration should be made for future routing and deployment of systems. Roof andmechanical space shall be reserved to install additional chillers, pumps and ancillaryequipment. Process chilled water systems should be designed with 100% redundancy.Connect of laboratory equipment to the process chilled water loop shall be through aheat exchanger which hydraulically isolates the loop from the equipment.The use of centralized campus chilled water to cool laboratory equipment isprohibited.The use of domestic water to cool laboratory equipment is prohibited.NOTE: Water cooled equipment is preferred in lieu of air cooled equipment.6.3 Building Automation System (BAS)6.3.1 Design Considerations• The University Morningside campus has standardized on Andover Controls andSiemens Building Technologies as the acceptable manufacturers for buildingautomation systems. The CUMC campus has standardized Johnson Controls17

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNand no other system shall be considered for approval without CUMC FacilitiesOperations/Engineering.• For renovation work in existing buildings the existing Building AutomationSystem (BAS) shall be utilized. A second system should not be installed.Provisions for future expansion shall be made as determined by ColumbiaUniversity Operations Department on a project-by-project basis.• The BAS is to be configured as a network with workstations, file servers, fieldcontrollers and necessary interfacing controls. Field controllers shall have theability for local control in the event of a network outage.• All operator devices shall have the ability to access all point status andapplication report data, or execute control functions for any and all otherdevices, via the local area network.• Communication between all Direct Digital Control (DDC) units, servers and theworkstations shall be by way of high speed network communication cableutilizing Ethernet that is coordinated with Columbia Universities’ IT (CUIT)department assigned project manager.• As program requires, emergency power should be provided for the entire DDCsystem.• All DDC software must be web enabled for remote communications.6.3.2 Typical Laboratory Temperature ControlWhere laboratory variable volume systems are specified in new and substantiallyrenovated science buildings they shall be furnished with a stand-alone DDCelectronic controllers, pressure independent, variable air volume laboratory flowtracking system. The flow tracking system includes VAV and/or CAV boxes, reheatcoils, damper and valve operators, with all control devices to monitor the following asminimum: room temperature, °F, room humidity, % RH, reheat coil valve position,reheat coil temperature °F, supply cfm, exhaust cfm.6.3.3 Monitoring and Security SystemAn environmental monitoring and security system shall be provided to monitorcritical equipment such as freezers, designated environmental rooms, cabinets, andother types of equipment as indicated in the lab program. This system shall beinterfaced with the BAS system to provide emergency alarm/reporting only.6.4 Electrical6.4.1 General:• Laboratories should have a sufficient number of electrical outlets and informedfrom the Researcher, to eliminate the need of extension cords and multi-plugadapters. Electric outlets should be coordinated with the electricalcharacteristics of the lab equipment.18

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN• Each laboratory in a major renovation shall have a dedicated panel boardlocated in an unobstructed accessible area preferably adjacent to the lab door,labeled with the room number. Or, if panels are centrally located, they must beon the same floor, labeled with the room number(s) they are serving. Allelectrical outlets and dedicated shut-off switches shall have a label on the coverplate with the corresponding panel and circuit number they are energized from.Laser laboratories shall have an emergency shut-off switch installed near theentrance of the laboratory to turn off the laser remotely.• Power conditioners and UPS are the responsibility of the end user.• Each electrical panel board shall be provided with a panel number marked (atthe exterior panel face) that is coordinated with the panel board schedules onthe electrical construction drawings.6.4.2 Main Building Distribution System• In new construction, the electrical service is to be extended from the mainservice switchboards to distribution panels located in electric closets oneach floor. These local floor panels will serve the interior floor distributionssystem as described below:• Sensitive equipment and laboratory loads shall be segregated from largemotor loads.• Lighting loads shall be segregated from other loads and an individualpanel on each floor.• The interior distribution system to each lab shall also include as a minimumdedicated 120/208 V, 3 phase, 4 wire plus ground panel boards, 150 amp maincircuit breaker with forty-two (42) branch circuit breakers. Each panel will bedoor-in-door construction with copper bus bars (no aluminum) and an integraldigital meter (3 phase amps and volts) and integral Transient Voltage SurgeSuppressor (TVSS). These panels which are also typically located in the lab toserve lab convenience outlets, lab equipment, etc. Space in each electric closetshould be reserved for future panel boards. Vivarium lighting, equipment andconvenience outlets shall be served from separate dedicated panels located ineach electric closet and 120/208V distribution system.6.4.3 Emergency Power Distribution System• Emergency power shall only be derived from the building emergencypower distribution system, not from adjacent buildings.• An emergency power load study is required for all new laboratories whereapplicable.• Emergency power distribution shall be considered as required to serve thefollowing equipment and loads as a minimum: domestic water system,environmental rooms, critical equipment, refrigerator, freezers, coldrooms, etc., critical laboratory equipment and their required supportsystems, one circuit per lab module for discretionary conveniencereceptacle, fume hoods and their exhaust and makeup air systems, 33%of lighting in laboratories, procedure rooms, and equipment areas,equipment and communications technology power distribution systems,entire animal facilities.19

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN• The A/E shall be responsible to validate emergency power requirementsbeyond the minimum stated above and to validate against the load study.6.4.4 Life Safety System• An integrated fire alarm, smoke detection and sprinkler alarm system shallbe provided.• The system shall be a fully addressable distributed processing topologyproviding alarm and communication features to a central processor.• All detectors shall be addressable and self testing.• Provide photoelectric type for area detection and ionization type for ductmounting.• Smoke detectors shall be considered in all laboratory modules.6.4.5 Isolated Grounding SystemThe AE shall determine in conjuction with information from the researcher if anisolating grounding system is required for the design of the project and, asrequired, coordinate with Facilities to avoid potential conflicts.6.5 Plumbing6.5.1 General:• Building services to the extent possible (such as centralized bottled gases,Reverse Osmosis Deionized (RODI) water and compressed air requiredfor research), shall be considered in the design to facilitate modularsystems and services for the facility.• Manifolding gases and decentralizing some services shall be evaluated asrequired to accommodate the addition of future loads on a project-byprojectbasis.• Piping above major electrical, telecommunications, or other criticalequipment rooms (including service access for such items) should beavoided where possible.• Isolation valves shall be provided to accommodate easy maintenance ateach module, laboratory, group of toilet rooms, or program suite whereroutine service shall be required without affecting other areas. Isolationvalves shall be accessible and located on the floor being served.• All valves shall be clearly identified (labeled/tagged), and correspond tothe facility valve numbering and identification system, keyed to submittedcharts. Drains shall be provided at the base of all water risers and includeNational Pipe Threads (NPT) threads, valve, and cap.• All utility pipelines shall be clearly labeled to identify the service providedand direction of flow within each module.• In installations where gas is piped throughout the building, provideemergency laboratory isolation valves outside of each lab. Panic buttonsmay be considered for natural gas lines.20

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN• Use flexible connections for connecting gas and other plumbing utilities toany free standing device.6.5.2 Gas Cylinders:• When compressed gas cylinders are required inside a laboratory, the followingconditions shall apply:• Provide strapping and anchoring devices to a permanent buildingmember. The number of devices shall be adequate for the number ofcylinders, bearing in mind that local regulations may restrict the numberof cylinders of an individual gas permitted to be stored in a laboratory.The cylinder restraint system is subject to the review and approval ofboth Facilities and EH&S.• The storage site shall be protected from heat sources. The site shall bein area that minimizes that opportunity for accidental contact with thecylinders. The site shall be in a well ventilated, dry location, with easyaccessibility for periodic exchange of cylinders.• Gas cylinders shall not be stored in an unprotected in public corridors.Cylinders may be stored in properly constructed corridor storage closetswith proper wall ratings, ventilation and monitor equipment.6.5.3 Water Treatment• Provide acid neutralization and any other treatment of water sent to a PubliclyOwned Treatment Works (POTW) as per all applicable laws and regulations.• Provide storage space for spill prevention materials in each laboratory.• Use only efficient water treatment systems that comply with the followingcriteria:i. For buildings with a Building Management System (BMS) system, all filtrationprocesses, remote notification shall be provided (by means of BMS) along withlocal pressure gauges to determine and display when to backwash or changecartridges;ii. For all ion exchange and softening processes, recharge cycles shall be set byvolume of water treated or based upon conductivity or hardness;iii. For reverse osmosis and nanofiltration equipment, with capacity greater than100 liter/hr, reject water shall not exceed 60 % of the feed water.iv. Simple distillation is not acceptable as a base system for water purification.6.5.4 Vacuum Pumps• Vacuum pumps shall be used in lieu of aspirators.• Vacuum systems shall not be provided as a centralized system unlessauthorized by CUF based on a demonstrated research need, and followingconsultation between the end-user, Project Manager, and EH&S. Provisionsshall be made to appropriately vent exhaust individual vacuum pumps.21

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN6.5.5 Fire Protection• A central combined fire standpipe/sprinkler system is to be provided for allbuildings on the Campus.• Pre-action sprinkler systems should be given consideration for specializedimaging equipment and IT server rooms.• See section 6.4.4 for other details.7 Safety and Security Guidelines for Laboratory Design7.1 General• Utility shut-off controls should be located outside the laboratory.• Environmental chambers where evacuation or other alarms cannot be heardshall be equipped with strobe lighting or additional alarms.• The requirements for monitoring and control of laboratories using toxic gasesshall be reviewed with EH&S.7.2 Eye-Face Wash & Emergency Showers• Refer to Appendix IV – Eye-Face Wash/Drench Hoses and OverheadEmergency Showers7.3 BiosafetyLaboratory spaces for work with biological materials shall incorporate all of the followingfeatures.• Self closing doors.• Sinks for hand washing.• Wall, floor and working surfaces designed to be easily cleaned. Carpets andrugs are not permitted.• Bench tops impervious to water and resistant to heat, organic solvents, acids,alkalis and other chemicals.• Spaces between benches, cabinets, and equipment accessible for cleaning.• Chairs covered with a non-porous material that can be easily cleaned anddecontaminated.• Biological safety cabinets (BSC) installed in such a manner that fluctuations ofthe room supply and exhaust air do not cause the BSCs to operate outside theirparameters for containment. Locate BSCs away from doors, windows that canbe opened, heavily traveled laboratory areas, and from other possible airflowdisruptions.• HEPA filtered exhaust air from a Class II Biological Safety Cabinet may be recirculatedback into the laboratory environment. Connection to the laboratory’sexhaust system must be approved by EH&S and must by means of a canopyand not a hard connection.7.4 Fire and Life Safety7.4.1 Fire Suppression Systems22

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN• Sprinkler Systems – Laboratory units shall be provided throughout with anautomatic sprinkler system in accordance with NYC Building Code.• Standpipe System - standpipes shall be installed in accordance with NYCBuilding Code.7.4.2 Laboratory Units• In accordance with NFPA 45, NYC Building and Fire Codes.• Storage Limits - Flammable and combustible liquids. The density and totalquantity of flammable and combustible liquids allowed within a laboratory unit,excluding storage rooms, shall be in accordance with NFPA 45 for laboratoryunit fire hazard classes B and D.EH&S shall be consulted regarding flammable chemical quantity limits in orderto validate the minimum code fire rating.7.4.3 Chemical Storage RoomsIn addition to the quantities that may be stored, handled and used in alaboratory unit, chemicals for use in a laboratory unit may be stored in adedicated storage room (up to 300 Gallons). Such rooms may enhance theefficiency of laboratory operations and should be considered if spaceconsiderations allow. Consult with EH&S for specific code requirements.7.4.4 Oxygen (O2) SensorsWhere O2 sensors are or may be required by code, consult EH&S regarding theselection of the oxygen sensor and its installation location.7.4.5 Black-out CurtainsBlack-out curtains are required to be made of an inherently flame resistant material(IFR). These curtains require documentation from the manufacture stating they areincompliance with NFPA 701. These curtains must also be tested anddocumentation issued by a FDNY Certificate of Fitness holder for Flame RetardantTreatment C-15 to their flame resistance. Copies of both documents must beprovided to EH&S.7.4.6 Fire BlanketsAs all new laboratories using flammable or hazardous chemicals are to be providedwith eyewash/drench hose units at all sinks, the provision of fire blankets is to be atthe discretion of the laboratory. If installed, fire blankets shall be placed by themeans of egress.7.4.7 Fire Extinguishers10 pound ABC extinguishers (or other appropriate type extinguisher*) shall beinstalled in accordance with NFPA and NYC Fire Codes. Fire extinguishers shall beplaced in external cabinets which are identifiable by proper signage. Initial cabinetplacement shall be located near (within 10 ft.) of main entrance doors. Maximumtravel distance to any extinguisher must be within 50 ft.23

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN*Please consult EHS-Fire Safety to determine if different types of extinguishers arerequired.7.5 SecurityThe A/E shall review security requirements with the Principle Investigator, ProjectManager and Public Safety. The University employs access control (e.g., LenelSystems), as part of a campus-wide system, at the entrances of many of its buildings,and to some interior spaces as well.8 Special Rooms and Equipment8.1 Environmental Rooms9 APPENDICIES• Environmental Rooms may be constant or variable temperature, cold rooms, orwarm rooms. These rooms shall be located to accommodate maintenance andvisual monitoring from outside the room space. Environmental rooms thatrequire ventilation shall be ventilated as per manufacturer’s guidelines.• Environmental rooms shall be fed by processed chilled water systems asoutlined in section 6.2.4.Appendix I – Members of LDWGAppendix II – Laboratory Door Signage Cut-sheetAppendix III – Laboratory Ventilation and Fume Hood Exhaust SystemAppendix IV – Eye-Face Wash/Drench Hoses and Overhead Emergency Showers24

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNAppendix I – Members of the Laboratory Design Work GroupMembers of the Laboratory Design Work GroupMuhammad Akram, EH&SHelen Bielak, Environmental StewardshipGary Brown, ManhattanvilleDavid Carlson, CU FacilitiesKathleen Crowley, EH&SMatthew Early, CU Facilities (left CU Summer 2010)Wil Elmes, ManhattanvilleGeorge Hamawy, EH&S Radiation SafetyJohn LaPerche, EH&S Fire Life SafetyJoseph Mannino, CU FacilitiesFrank Martino, CU Capital Project ManagementJeremiah Meehan, EH&S Fire SafetyPatrick O’Reilly, Facilities Management, Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryChris Pettinato, EH&SChristopher Pitoscia, EH&SCathy Resler, Environmental StewardshipPaul Rubock, EH&S Biological SafetyBen Suzuki, CUMC Capital Project Management (CPM)Larry Wisbeski, CU Capital Project Management25

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNAppendix II – Laboratory Door Signage Cut-SheetCAUTION: HAZARDOUS MATERIALS26

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNAppendix III – Laboratory Ventilation and Fume Hood ExhaustSystemCOLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINESforLaboratory Design:Laboratory Ventilationand Fume Hood Exhaust SystemsApril 2009Revised second edition April 201127

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNExecutive Summary1 Codes and Standards/References1.1 Codes and Standards1.2 References2 Definitions2.1 Laboratory2.2 Chemical Fume Hood2.3 Cryogen3 Ventilation3.1 General Laboratory3.2 Animal Satellites4 Fume Hood Exhaust System (FHES) Design Criteria4.1 Exhausting4.2 Components4.3 Regulatory4.4 Site Conditions5 Commissioning6 Identification and Labeling6.1 Ductwork6.2 Exhaust Fan Assembly6.3 Radioactive Material6.4 Power/Circuit Breaker Switch6.5 Sash Window Position6.6 Label Colors6.7 Hood Operating Instructions7 Criteria for Perchloric Acid Fume Hoods7.1 Special Hazard7.2 Hood Designation7.3 Exhaust Requirements7.4 Exhaust Scrubbers7.5 Wash Down Facilities7.6 User Controls7.7 Wash Down Frequency7.8 Non-Corrosive Materials7.9 Commissioning28

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN8 Criteria for Radioactive Fume Hoods8.1 High Volatility8.2 Medium Volatility8.3 Low Volatility8.4 General Requirements9 Appendices9.1 Appendix 1 – Distance Recommendations for theInstallation of Fume Hoods in a Laboratory9.2 Appendix 2 – Members of the LDWG 200929

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNExecutive SummaryThe purpose of laboratory ventilation is to help provide a safe environment forscientific research and teaching. Outlined below are Guidelines by which a designteam, using a combination of general laboratory ventilation, fume hood exhaustsystems and other local exhaust ventilation, will design a safe and energy efficientsystem to contain emissions within the laboratory, depending on the specific needsof the laboratory. This document provides minimum requirements; more stringentrequirements may be necessary depending on the specific laboratory function orcontaminants generated.The University is one of the founding members of the PlaNYC Mayoral challengecommitting to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 30% by the year 2017. Alllaboratory designs shall consider energy efficient measures to achieve this goal.These Guidelines were formulated as a consensus document among all members ofthe Laboratory Design Working Group (listed in Appendix I). All laboratory designteams shall consult with Environmental Health &Safety (EH&S), Facilities Operations(Facilities) and Office of Environmental Stewardship (OES) during the schematicdesign phase. These offices shall be involved throughout the design process so asto ensure that University safety and energy efficiency goals and commitments aremet in a timely and cost-effective manner. The Guidelines shall be reviewed toincorporate regulatory changes, industry developments and best practices on aregular basis.30

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN2. Codes and Standards/References2.1 Codes and StandardsThe HVAC systems will be designed in accordance with the following codesand standards, latest edition:Building Code of the City of New York (BCCNY)New York City Fire Prevention Code (NYFPC)New York City Rules and Regulations (NYCRR)ASHRAE HVAC Applications, Chapter 14, LaboratoriesASHRAE 62.1, 2004, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air QualityASHRAE 90.1, 2004, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-RiseResidential BuildingsEnergy Conservation Construction Code of New York State (ECCCNYS),2002National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), latest edition2.2 ReferencesACGIH: Industrial Ventilation: A Manual of Recommended Practices, 25 thEdition, Cincinnati, OH. American Conference of Government andGovernmental Industrial hygienists, 2004.ANSI/AIHA Z9.5 – 2003: Laboratory Ventilation, Fairfax, VA. AmericanIndustrial Hygiene Association. 2003.ANSI/ASHRAE 110-1995: Method of Testing Performance of LaboratoryFume Hoods. Atlanta, GA. American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, andAir Conditioning Engineers, Inc. 1995.NFPA 45-2000: Standard of Fire Protection for Laboratories UsingChemicals. Quincy, MA: National Fire Protection Association, 2000.RCNY 10-2008: Section FC 2706 Non-Production Chemical Laboratories.NYC FDNY Fire Code, New York, NY 2008.EH&S (www.ehs.columbia.edu) for additional Health and Safety Policies andProcedures.31

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNFacilities (www.facilities.columbia.edu) for Service Requests andMechanical Engineering (ME) Design Guideline.Environmental Stewardship (www.environment.columbia.edu) for EnergyEfficiency and Greenhouse Gas Reduction Policies and Initiatives.National Research Council 1996: Guide for the Care and Use of LaboratoryAnimals. Washington, DC. http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=51402 Definitions2.1 LaboratoryLaboratory means a facility where the "laboratory use of hazardouschemicals” occurs. It is a workplace where relatively small quantities ofhazardous chemicals are used on a non-production basis [OSHA1910.1450(B)].2.2 Chemical Fume HoodsChemical Fume Hoods - means a device located in a laboratory, enclosedon five sides with a movable sash or fixed partially enclosed on theremaining side; constructed and maintained to draw air from the laboratoryand to prevent or minimize the escape of air contaminants into thelaboratory; and allows chemical manipulations to be conducted in theenclosure without insertion of any portion of the worker’s body other thanhands and arms.The purpose of a chemical fume hood is to contain airborne substances, toprevent them from entering the breathing zone of laboratory workers andoccupants and to trap or exhaust the airborne substances withoutincreasing the risk to the user, occupants of the area, or the environment.The hood should be designed to incorporate user needs, room configurationand general ventilation and must have adequate space for hood service andutility connections.Fume hoods must be selected from among the following manufacturers:• Bedcolab Limited• Lab-Crafters Inc.• Labconco Corporation• Thermo Fisher ScientificThe selection of any other fume hood model must be justified on the basisof program requirements and be approved by CUF, CUMC CPM and EHS.32

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN2.3 CryogenCryogenic Container - A pressure container, low-pressure container oratmospheric container of any size designed or used for the transportation,handling or storage of a cryogenic fluid, and which utilizes venting,insulation, refrigeration or a combination thereof to maintain the pressurewithin design parameters for such container and to keep the contents in aliquidstate.Cryogenic Fluid - A fluid having a boiling point lower than -130 °F (-89.9°C) at 14.7 pounds per square inch absolute (psia) (an absolute pressure of101.3kPa).Cryogen -A super-cooled substance (usually liquid) used to cool othermaterials to extremely low temperatures3. Ventilation3.1 General Laboratory3.1.1 All laboratories shall have mechanical ventilation.3.1.2 All laboratory rooms shall use 100% outside air and exhaust to theoutside.3.1.3 Laboratory ventilation systems shall be designed to operate 24hours per day, 7 days per week with a minimum of six (6) airchanges per hour (ACH).3.1.4 Locate supply and exhaust for good mixing and temperaturecontrol.3.1.5 Provide excess capacity for equipment aging and future expansion.3.1.6 Design for noise levels in the laboratories must not exceedASHRAE guidelines.3.1.7 Do not provide operable windows.3.1.8 Direct airflow from low hazard to high hazard areas.3.1.9 Design to maintain negative pressure relative to adjacent non-labareas.33

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN3.1.10 Provide adequate makeup air (90% of the exhaust).3.1.11 Locate casework and equipment so as not to interfere withventilation.3.1.12 Do not line duct with insulation or acoustic treatment.3.2 Animal Satellites3.2.1 Animal Satellite Facilities are research laboratories that have beenapproved for the housing of research animals for 24-hours ormore by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).3.2.2 Animal Satellite Facilities must be provided with 10-15 ACH.4. Fume Hood Exhaust System (FHES) Design Criteria4.1 Exhausting4.1.1 FDNY Code requires a face velocity of 80-120 linear feet perminute (lfpm) across the vertical plane of the sash face when thesash face opening is 12 inches high.4.1.2 Hood face velocities can be reduced to a minimum of 60 lfpm at asash height greater than 12 inches provided the following threerequirements are satisfied:4.1.2.1 The hood is recognized by Columbia University as a“low flow” type.4.1.2.2 The hood passes both a factory and a field ASHRAE110 test. (Note the factory test can be a representativesample of a particular size and model fumehood. The field installed test must be for each hood.).4.1.2.3 Mechanical sash height constraints or stops shall beprovided at the 60 lfpm face velocity sash height.4.1.3 Low flow fume hoods are required unless safety would becompromised. Building precedent shall govern in minor renovationswhere practical.4.1.4 Constant air volume (CAV) and variable air volume (VAV) systemsare acceptable. A life cycle cost analysis shall determine use in new34

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNbuilding installations and major renovations. Building precedentshall govern in minor renovations where practical.4.1.5 All hoods shall have a minimum exhaust volume of 25 cfm/ft2 ofwork surface area through air bypass as per (NFPA 45)4.4.1.6 Fume hood diversity should be applied to FHES (Fume HoodExhaust System). The value of the diversity should reflect theoperations and practices of the particular facility.4.1.7 Manifold fume hood exhaust systems where practical and codepermitted, are required unless safety would be compromised.Notable exceptions include where strong reactive, perchloric acidand volatile radioactive compounds are used, which all requirededicated exhaust.4.1.8 For research FHES there shall be no local on/off or high/lowcontrol.4.1.9 Ductless hoods are not permitted.4.1.10 Unless otherwise approved by EH&S/Facilities all fume hoods shallbe exhausted with all welded 316L stainless steel duct risers,minimum 20 gauge. (FDNY Code does not permit “ductsconstructed of combustible materials”.)35

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN4.2 Components4.2.1 Under hood storage units shall comply with NYC Fire Code.4.2.2 Lighting devices in the interior of the hood must meet all applicablecodes.4.2.3 Cup sinks, where installed, shall have a lip above the fume hoodwork surface per FDNY code requirements.4.2.4 Hood baffles must be tamper proof and configured in such a waythat they may not be adjusted to restrict the volume flow rate of airexhausted from the hood.4.2.5 Controls for laboratory hood services (gas, water, air, lighting,power, etc.) must be mounted exterior to the hood and within easyreach. They should be labeled clearly with standardized labels.4.2.6 Exhaust fans must meet the fire, explosion and corrosion resistantrequirements set forth in local codes and standards. The rotatingelement of the fan must be of nonferrous or spark resistantconstruction. Motors and their controls shall be located outside ofthe air stream.4.2.7 All internal and working surfaces of the hood and the exhaust ductsshould be impervious to moisture and attack of chemicals used inthe hoods and be configured for easy cleaning.4.2.8 The exhaust fan should be mounted as close to the discharge pointof the duct as possible (preferably outside the building envelope) sothat a negative pressure with respect to the ambient is maintainedwithin the duct at all points along the duct run.4.3 Regulatory4.3.1 The respective Radiation Safety Office should be consulted toevaluate the need and type of filter where special radioactivematerials are considered to be used.4.3.2 Dedicated FHES are required for such hoods when radioactivematerials are planned to be used in a fume hood.4.3.3 Plans for exhaust ductwork must be approved by the NYC BuildingDepartment prior to installation of the ductwork.36

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN4.4 Site Conditions4.4.1 The discharge of FHES into the atmosphere shall be engineered ina manner that prevents re entrainment of the exhaust stream backinto the building or surrounding buildings.4.4.2 Where this is a cause for concern, a CFD computer model, windwake analysis or a physical model with wind tunnel shalldemonstrate acceptable exhaust stream dilution rates.4.4.3 These analyses should include the potential of additional hoodsbeing added to the point of discharge at a future date.4.4.4 In locations where residential, university housing or noise sensitiveadjacencies are a concern, an acoustic study should be performedin coordination with the exhaust stream dilution analysis.4.4.5 Under no circumstances shall a lab discharge be less than 10 feetabove the surface of the roof.37

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN5. Commissioning5.1 Requirements5.1.1 Each hood installation must be inspected and tested in accordancewith ASHRAE 110 for proper operation and airflow conditions priorto acceptance of the work by the University. This applies to newinstallations, and alterations or additions to existing systems.5.1.2 Provide information on instrumentation including calibration datesand results.5.1.3 Provide test results, to both EH&S and Facilities, once abovecriteria are met.5.1.4 After review of test results, EH&S will certify the hood to confirmadequate performance, label it appropriately, and approve for use.5.1.5 EH&S shall certify chemical fume hoods annually in accordancewith the CU fume hood policy(www.ehs.columbia.edu/fhPolicy.html).5.1.6 The Radiation Safety Office shall certify chemical fume hoods usedfor radioactive materials at CUMC annually in accordance with theCU fume hood policy.6. Identification and Labeling6.1 DuctworkLabel clearly the ductwork at each access point. The label should state thelocation of the hood and warning statement. Example of Wording:CAUTIONTHIS DUCT IS CONNECTED TO THE CHEMICAL FUME HOOD INROOM 123. DO NOT OPEN UNTIL THE LABORATORY SUPERVISOROR AN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY OFFICER HAS BEENNOTIFIED.CONTACT EH&S (CUMC 212-305-6780, MORNINGSIDE 212-854-8749)FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION OR IN AN EMERGENCY.38

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN6.2 Exhaust Fan AssemblyThe exhaust fan assembly should be clearly marked with a cautionstatement indicating the location of the hood and the power switch (es).Example of wording:CAUTIONTHIS FAN ASSEMBLY IS ATTACHED TO THE CHEMICAL FUMEHOODIN ROOM 123. THE DISCONNECT IS LOCATED IN ROOM 456. DONOT WORK ON OR TURN OFF UNIT UNTIL THE LABORATORYSUPERVISOR OR AN ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETYOFFICER HAS BEEN NOTIFIED.CONTACT EH&S (CUMC 212-305-6780, Morningside 212-854-8749,Lamont 845-365-8860) FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION OR IN ANEMERGENCY.An indication of the proper direction of rotation should be affixed to fanassembly.6.3 Radioactive MaterialIf radioactive materials are to be used in the hood, an additional label mustbe placed next to the labels specified in items 1 and 2. The label mustcontain the radiation caution symbol and the following information:CAUTIONRADIOACTIVE MATERIALS MAY BE USED IN THIS HOOD. CONTACTTHE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE (CUMC 212-305-0303, Morningside212-854-8749, or Lamont 845-365-8860) BEFORE WORK ISPERFORMED ON THIS EQUIPMENT.6.4 Power/Circuit Breaker SwitchEach electrical power/circuit breaker switch should be labeled with aCaution label indicating the location of the Hood and a warning. Example:Fume Hood/Room 12339

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNCAUTIONDO NOT TURN OFF UNTIL LAB SUPERVISOR OR EH&S(CUMC 212-305-6780, Morningside 212-854-8749, or Lamont 845-365-8860) HAS BEEN NOTIFIED.6.5 Sash Window PositionA sticker indicating the proper sash window position/height to provideadequate air flow speed should be affixed to each hood.6.6 Label ColorsLABEL COLORS: The labels for items 1-2 must have bright yellowbackground with wording in a color of high contrast (black). The radiationsymbol of item 3 must be magenta or purple.6.7 Hood Operating InstructionsA “Hood Operating Instructions” label should be affixed conspicuously oneach hood.HOOD OPERATING INSTRUCTIONSThis hood is the primary safety device for containing and exhausting hazardousmaterials and should be used for any operation that may result in exposure to suchmaterials. The following rules must be observed so that air currents are notdisturbed and containment is maintained:1. Work with hood sash as low as possible. Use the sash height indicator asguide.2. Keep objects at least 10 cm behind the plane of the sash and at least 10 cmfrom the rear air slots. Do not block the slots.3. Keep the amount of equipment and containers in the hood to a minimum.4. Raise large equipment on stand to allow for unimpeded air flow across thesurface.5. Do not store chemicals permanently in hood.6. Do not turn off the exhaust system.7. Do not install portable air movement devices near hood that could affecthood performance.8. Do not use hood to dispose of hazardous materials through evaporation.9. Notify Facilities (212-305-HELP at CUMC, or 212-854-2222 at Morningside,or 845-365-8600 at Lamont) of any malfunction.10. Consult EH&S website (www.ehs.columbia.edu) for other information.40

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNDO NOT USE, BOIL OFF OR EVAPORATE PERCHLORIC ACID IN THIS HOOD.7. Criteria for Perchloric Acid Fume Hoods7.1 Special HazardAn additional label shall be provided for ductwork at each access point. Thelabel should state a warning such as follows:WARNINGTHIS DUCT IS CONNECTED TO A PERCHLORIC ACID FUME HOODAND MAY CONTAIN EXPLOSIVE SHOCK SENSITIVE CRYSTALS. DONOT OPEN UNTIL THE DUCTWORK HAS BEEN WASHED DOWN.CONTACT EH&S (CUMC 212-305-6780, Morningside 212-854-8749) FORADDITIONAL INFORMATION OR AN EMERGENCY.7.2 Hood DesignationPerchloric Acid (HClO4) may only be used in fume hoods designated anddesigned for its use. The hood must be clearly labeled as a “PERCHLORICACID FUME HOOD.” Where confusion is possible, other hoods shall belabeled “NO PERCHLORIC ACID” in 2” tall black letters on a yellowbackground.41

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN7.3 Exhaust Requirements7.3.1 Each hood installation must have a dedicated exhaust stack andfan equipped with its own wash down system and fan on/off control.7.3.2 Perchloric Acid Fume Hood (PAFH) exhaust may not be connectedto a non-PAFH exhaust system for energy recovery or otherconvenience.7.3.3 To mitigate risk and cost associated with the PAFH exhaustsystem, it is recommended that PAFH be installed on the top floorof laboratory buildings.7.3.4 Bends in ductwork should be avoided, but where necessary pairs of45 degree bends will be used in lieu of 90 degree bends. Roundductwork is recommended.7.3.5 Since the user will have on/off control of the PAFH exhaust fan, airflow exhausted through the PAFH must not be used by designers tosatisfy the required laboratory ventilation rate (air changes perhour.) It is recommended that a separate general lab exhaust beprovided with a motorized VAV damper interlocked to the PAFHexhaust fan control to reduce the general exhaust while the fumehood is in operation.7.3.6 The user should turn off the PAFH exhaust fan when the fume hoodis not in use to conserve energy.7.4 Exhaust ScrubbersExhaust scrubbers are difficult to monitor and maintain, and are notrecommended for new installations. A thorough evaluation of more reliablealternatives must be presented before a retrofit to an existing laboratory of aPAFH equipped with a scrubber will be approved.42

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN7.5 Wash Down Facilities7.5.1 Each PAFH must be provided with a laboratory waste (acid) drainand a cold water supply.7.5.2 The PAFH exhaust stack, fan, and internal hood baffles must beprovided with cold water spray nozzles activated by a series ofelectric solenoids controlled by a wash down timer control system.7.5.3 When wash down is initiated, the fan will shut down, and the waterspray solenoids will activate sequentially starting at the very top ofthe exhaust stack and completing below the stack washing downthe internal baffles of the fume hood. All wash down water will becollected by the laboratory waste drain provided.7.5.4 The PAFH user who initiated the wash down and is familiar with thenormal operation of the control system will remain present in the labduring wash down to report a malfunction or leak to Facilities.7.5.5 The PAFH user must wash all surfaces of the interior work space ofthe hood to complete the wash down. It is recommended that ahand held spray nozzle capable of flowing 1 to 2 gpm and drain beprovided within the workspace to facilitate this operation.7.6 User Controls7.6.1 Complete automation (remote or BMS control) of the wash downfacilities must not be provided.7.6.2 The PAFH user must clear all apparatus and chemicals from thehood prior to initiating a wash down to avoid damaging equipmentor causing spills and/or injury.7.6.3 The PAFH user must be trained in the safe operation andmaintenance of the fume hood and the handling of Perchloric Acid.The user’s safety is best assured by his or her knowledge andcontrol of the work space.43

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN7.7 Wash Down Frequency7.7.1 Occasional or Intermittent Use: The user shall perform a washdown at the conclusion of the experiment prior to turning the fumehood over to another user or leaving the hood unused.7.7.2 Continuous Use: Once per month continuous use operations shallbe interrupted and a responsible user shall perform a wash down.7.7.3 Maintenance Activity: Facilities personnel shall perform a washdown prior to commencing any maintenance activity on the fumehood, fan, drain, or exhaust stack. When maintenance personnelare unfamiliar with the wash down procedure, they will enlist the aidof experienced laboratory personnel prior to lock out/tag out of thefan.7.8 Non-Corrosive MaterialsThe use of non-corrosive, smooth and water tight materials is required for allcomponents involved in the construction of the hood, exhaust stack, drain,water supply and fan. Compatible plastic materials are ideally suited, butlikely to require a variance in NYC for ductwork. Welded stainless steel is analternative where plastic may not be used.7.9 CommissioningApplication of a water soluble dye and camera inspection are recommendedfor commissioning the PAFH wash down facilities. Wash down timers shouldbe field adjusted to achieve satisfactory cleaning with minimal wasted water.Additional spray nozzles are likely to be required where bends are made inductwork.8. Criteria for Radioactive Fume HoodsRadioactive Materials, as far as fume hoods are concerned can be dividedinto three categories: High, Medium, and Low Volatility.8.1 High VolatilityFor example: radioactive iodine (I-125; I-131)The use of fume hoods in these cases is mandatory. The exhaustof fume hoods, used for iodination, must be vented directly to the44

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNroof of the building. Activated Charcoal filters are optionaldepending on the amount and frequency of the iodine used.8.2 Medium VolatilityFor example: 5 millicuries or more of Sulfer-35 in the form ofMethionine or Cystien 100 millicuries or more of Hydrogen-3 in theform of Tritiated Water.The use of fume hoods in these cases is recommended and isdecided by the Radiation Safety Committee and the RadiationSafety Officer (RSO).8.3 Low VolatilityFor example: Phosphorus-32 compoundsNo fume hood is required unless the amount of activity is 1millicuries or more.Note: When working with an unsealed alpha emitter radioactivematerial such as Polonium-210, a glove box with HEPA filteredexhaust must be used. The RSO must be consulted before the useof such an apparatus.8.4 General Requirements8.4.1 Laboratory hoods in which radioactive materials are handled mustbe labeled with the radiation hazard symbol.8.4.2 Fume hoods intended for use with radioactive materials must beconstructed of stainless steel or other materials that will not becorroded by chemicals used in the hood.8.4.3 The cabinet on which the hood is installed must be adequate tosupport shielding of the radioactive material being used.8.4.4 The air velocity at the hood opening follows the ANSI standards.8.4.5 Laboratory hoods must be provided with means of containing minorspills.8.4.6 Liquid radioactive waste with high activity must be stored inside afume hood with adequate shielding45

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN9 Appendices9.1 Appendix 1 – Distance Recommendations for theInstallation of Fume Hoods in a LaboratoryArchitectural FeatureCommon Pedestrian WalkwayOpposite Bench Used by ChemistOpposite Hood Used by ChemistOpposing WallAdjoining WallMin Distance from Hood Face (feet) Reference3.3 14.9 29.8 26.6 21 2Non Egress Doorway 1 21. British Standards Institute2. Ventilation Control for the Work Environment by William Burges, Harvard University Press, MJEllenbacker, University of Massachusetts, MA9.2 Appendix 2 – Members of the Laboratory Design Work GroupMembers of the Laboratory Design Work Group 2009Muhammad Akram, EH&SGary Brown, ManhattanvilleDavid Carlson, CU FacilitiesKathleen Crowley, EH&SMatthew Early, CU FacilitiesWil Elmes, ManhattanvilleGeorge Hamawy, EH&S Radiation SafetyJoseph Mannino, Capital Project Management, MorningsideFrank Martino, CU FacilitiesNilda Mesa, Environmental StewardshipPatrick O’Reilly, Facilities Management, Lamont-Doherty Earth ObservatoryCathy Resler, Environmental StewardshipPaul Rubock, EH&S Biological SafetyBen Suzuki, Capital Project Management, CUMC46

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNAppendix IV - Eye-Face Wash/Drench Hose and OverheadEmergency ShowerEYE-FACE WASH/DRENCH HOSE COMBINATION UNITDefinitionA plumbed unit that provides water to both eyes simultaneously and face uponactivation without the need to be held in the user’s hand while operating and with thecapability of serving as a drench hose, providing water to any part of the body, whenheld.Provision• Plumbed eye-face wash/drench hoses shall be provided in all new or renovatedlaboratories where there is a risk of a hazardous material splash to the eye or body.• For a laboratory, a unit will be installed on each sink in the work area unlessotherwise indicated by a specified research or facility need/condition.• A determination, with EH&S shall be made for non-laboratory spaces where theneed for an eye-face wash/drench hose may exist, including, but not limited to glasswashing facilities and mechanical spaces.• Units shall be manufactured and installed to comply with the most current edition ofthe ANSI Standard Z358.1.• See Figure 1. for representative acceptable eye-face wash/drench hosecombination units.Performance• Units shall perform in accordance with all criteria of the most current edition of theANSI Standard Z358.1, including, but not limited to, those addressing:o Flow rateo Water temperatureo Operation of unitInstallation• Units shall be installed on each sink in the work area in accordance with the mostcurrent edition of ANSI Z358.1. Installation shall result in all units being in animmediately accessible location with no more than 10 seconds travel distance to aunit from anywhere in the work area. In new or renovated laboratories in New YorkCity, units must also be installed in accordance with New York City Fire Code forNon-Production Laboratories, which calls for a flexible hand-held (or fixed overhead)device within 25 feet of the laboratory unit (or chemical storage room). Thearchitect/engineer must propose equipment location(s) which conform to ANSIZ358.1 and New York City Fire Code, where applicable.47

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN• When mounted on counter tops adjacent to sinks, units shall be positioned within 6inches of the front of the counter top. All other units shall be positioned between 33and 45 inches from the level on which the user stands and 6 inches from the nearestwall or other obstruction.• A mixing valve shall be used to provide tepid water in accordance with the mostcurrent edition of the ANSI Standard Z358.1 specifications).• When installation involves penetration of suspected asbestos-containing material(e.g., lab bench top), EH&S shall be contacted before initiation of work.• Upon installation, units shall be thoroughly flushed by the installer to confirm properwater delivery and to remove any metal shavings or other debris. The installer shalloperate the valve to determine that both eyes will be washed simultaneously at avelocity low enough to be non-injurious to the user in accordance with the mostcurrent edition of the ANSI Standard Z358.1 specifications.Maintenance• Contractors shall provide Facilities with operation, and maintenance instructions.• Units shall be activated weekly by laboratory personnel to verify proper operation, asper the most current edition of the ANSI Standard Z358.1.• Units that do not appear to be operating properly shall be repaired by Facilities uponnotification or discovery.• EH&S training for laboratory personnel with potential exposure to hazardousmaterials shall include instructions on the location, operation, and weekly verificationprocedures.OVERHEAD EMERGENCY SHOWERDefinition:A plumbed device capable of providing uninterrupted water flow to the entire body uponactivation and until intentionally deactivated.An overhead emergency shower shall be available for laboratories where there is thepotential for a hazardous material splash to the body.Provision• Overhead emergency showers shall be provided for all new laboratories orlaboratories undergoing major renovation where there is a risk of injurious bodilyexposure to a hazardous material or where the Department Chair or designeerequests one.• Situations necessitating the default installation of overhead emergency showersinside of a laboratory include, but are not limited to, need-based possession ofcorrosive materials in excess of 5-gallons; discrete procedural handling of anexcessive volume of flammable, corrosive, or materials acutely toxic via dermal48

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGNexposure; or manipulation of such materials (e.g. synthetic chemistry laboratories) ina way as to increase the potential for spill or gross bodily contamination.• Units shall be manufactured and installed to comply with the most current edition ofthe ANSI Standard Z358.1.• The PI, EH&S, and CUF or CUMC CPM, shall collaborate on the siting of overheademergency showers.• A determination shall be made for non-laboratory spaces where the need for anoverhead emergency shower may exist, including, but not limited to, glass washingfacilities, acid neutralization tank rooms, and chemical storage rooms.• Floor drains shall be provided in conjunction with the installation of an overheademergency shower and must be outfitted with a trap seal primer to prevent theescape of sewer gas.Performance• Units shall perform in accordance with all criteria of the most current edition of theANSI Standard Z358.1, including, but not limited to, those addressing:o Flow rateo Water temperatureo Operation of unito LocationInstallation• Units shall be installed in accordance with the most current edition of ANSI Z358.1.Installation shall result in all units being in an immediately accessible location with nomore than 10 seconds travel distance to a unit from anywhere in the work area. Innew or renovated laboratories in New York City, units must also be installed inaccordance with New York City Fire Code for Non-Production Laboratories, whichcalls for a fixed overhead (or flexible hand-held) device within 25 feet of thelaboratory unit (or chemical storage room). The architect/engineer must proposeequipment location(s) which conform to ANSI Z358.1 and New York City Fire Code,where applicable.• Units shall be activated by a ‘delta’ or circular ring attached to a rigid (not chain link)metal bar.• A mixing valve shall be used to provide tepid water in accordance with the mostcurrent edition of the ANSI Standard Z358.1 specifications.• Units shall be constructed so that water flow can be readily shut at the site ofactivation. (For example, the rigid metal bar referenced above, may be connected toa paddle lever so that pushing up on the bar returns the lever to the ‘closed’ position.Maintenance• Contractors shall provide operation, inspection, and maintenance instructions withequipment, which shall be accessible to maintenance and training personnel.49

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITYGUIDELINES for LABORATORY DESIGN• Units shall be activated annually by Facilities to verify operation and results shall berecorded on a tag or other record at the location of the shower.• Units that do not appear to be operating properly shall be repaired by Facilities uponnotification or discovery.• EH&S training for laboratory personnel with potential exposure to hazardousmaterials shall include instructions on the location and operation.SIGNAGE: Eye-Face Wash/Drench Hoses and Overhead Emergency Showers• All locations must be identified with a highly visible sign positioned so that it is visiblewithin the area served by the unit.• For Overhead Emergency Showers located in the corridor, a tent sign shall be used.(Adopted from American National Standards Institute,Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment, Z358.1-2008)Figure 1. Recommended Eye-Face Wash/Drench Hose WaterSaver Model EW102250