Ash Management Guide for Private Forest Landowners
Ash Management Guide for Private Forest Landowners Ash Management Guide for Private Forest Landowners
Appendix DReferences and ResourcesPage 5EAB and Chestnut BlightR. Hauer (Personal communication 1-21-11)Kashian, D.M. & Witter, J.A. (2010). Assessing the potential for ash canopy tree replacement via current regenerationfollowing emerald ash borer caused mortality on southeastern Michigan landscapes. Forest Ecology andManagement, 261, 480-488.McCullough, D. (2008). Putting the pieces together: Can we solve the emerald ash borer management puzzle?Proceedings 19th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species 2008.Retrieved February 10, 2010 from www. nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/gtr_nrs-p-36.pdfSiegert, N., McCullough, D., Liebhold, A., & Telewski, F. (2008). Reconstruction of the establishment and spread ofemerald ash borer through dendrochronological analysis. Proceedings 19th U.S. Department of Agricultureinteragency research forum on invasive species 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2010 from www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/ gtr/gtr_nrs-p-36.pdfSiegert, N., McCullough, D., Liebhold A., & Telewski, F. (2010). Resurrected from the ashes: Reconstruction of theestablishment and spread of emerald ash borer. Proceedings of the Continental Dialogue on Non-NativeForest Insects and Diseases Meeting.Tainter, F.H., & Baker, F.A. (1996). Principles of Forest Pathology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Page 10-13Minnesota Ash Species IdentificationSmith, Welby R. Trees and Shrubs of Minnesota (2008). University of Minnesota Press.Rathke, David M. Minnesota Trees (2001). University of Minnesota Extension Service.Page 22Cultural SignificanceFurther Reading:Weaving a Story. (2009, August 20). Article posted to http://www.oneidaindiannation.com/culture/53831632.htmlWilsey, D. (2011, May 26). EAB a Different Perspective. Article posted to http://www.myminnesotawoods.umn.edu/2010/03/3767/Page 35Emerald Ash Borer or DiebackPalik, B., Ostry, M., Venette, R., & Adbela, A. (2011). Fraxinus nigra (black ash) dieback in Minnesota: Regionalvariation and potential contributing factors. Forest Ecology and Management, 261, 128-135.Page 58Defects in Ash TreesUS Forest Service Northeastern Area. (1992). Urban Tree Risk Management. (Publication No. NA-TP-03-03). St. Paul,MN. Retrieved May 26, 2011 from http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/uf/utrmm/urban_tree_risk_mgmnt.pdf66
GLOSSARYabiotic: Nonliving parts of an ecosystem, such as soil particles,bedrock, air, water. See “biotic.”adventitious: Pertaining to a plant part that developsoutside the usual order position or tissue — e.g., an adventitiousbud arises from any part of a stem, leaf, or root butlacks vascular connection with the pith; an ad- ventitiousroot arises from parts of the plant other than a preexistingroot, e.g., from a stem or leaf.anoxia: Meaning lack of oxygen.Best Management Practices: BMPs are practical guidelinesaimed at lessening non-point source pollution fromforest management activities such as road construction,skid trails and log landings.biomass: Harvesting the wood product obtained (usually)from in-woods chipping of all or some portion of treesincluding limbs, tops, and unmerchantable stems, usuallyfor energy production.biotic: Pertaining to living organisms and their ecologicaland physiological relations.bole: The trunk or main stem of a tree.BTU: British Thermal Unit, is a basic measure of thermal(heat) energy. One BTU is the amount of energy needed toheat one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.burl: An abnormal growth of woody tissue protrudingoutward from a tree stem or trunk.calcareous: An adjective used in a wide variety of scientificdisciplines, referring to the deposit of calciumcarbonate or lime. In some cases it may refer to a layer ofsediment or sedimentary rock, a limestone deposit. Calcareoussoils are relatively alkaline, in other words theyhave a high pH. This is because of the very weak acidity ofcarbonic acid. Note that this is not the only reason for ahigh soil pH.canopy: The foliage cover in a forest stand consisting ofone or several layers.cavity: Holes in trees sometimes used for nesting andreproduction by wildlife species, most frequently birds orsmall mammals.character wood: Wood prized by artists or craftsmanbecause of its unique or distinctive grain patterns or form.Examples of character wood include burls, crotch wood.co-dominant: Defines trees with crowns forming the generallevel of the main canopy in even-aged groups of trees,receiving full light from above and comparatively littlelight from the sides.conifer: A cone-bearing tree (e.g. pines, firs, spruce, cedars,redwoods, larches etc.).crown dieback: Decline of the branches and limbs in thecanopy of a tree sometimes used as an indicator of treehealth.deciduous: Perennial plants that are normally more orless leafless for some time during the year.diameter at breast height (dbh): The diameter of thestem of a tree measured at breast height (4.5 ft or 1.37 m)from the ground. On sloping ground the measure is takenfrom the uphill side.dieback/decline: The progressive dying from the extremityof any part of a tree.dominant trees: An individual or species of the upperlayer of the canopy.duff: The partially decomposed organic material of theforest floor beneath the litter of freshly fallen twigs,needles, and leaves.early succession: The process by which one plant communityis gradually replaced by another plant community.This may happen ‘early’ in the process or ‘late;’ thus theterms “early succession” and “late succession” are used todescribe this process.ephemerals: Ephemeral plants are marked by short lifecycles, usually 6-8 weeks. Ephemeral means transitory orquickly fading.epicormic branching: A shoot arising spontaneously froman adventitious or dormant bud on the stem or branch ofa woody plant often following exposure to increased lightlevels or fire.floodplain: The level or nearly level land with alluvialsoils on either or both sides of a stream or river that is subjectto overflow flooding during periods of high water.hydrology: The study of the movement, distribution, andquality of water on Earth and other planets, includingthe hydrologic cycle, water resources and environmentalwatershed sustainability.hydrophobic: Having little or no affinity for water molecules.67
- Page 21 and 22: Ash wood has been gathered and shap
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Appendix DReferences and ResourcesPage 5EAB and Chestnut BlightR. Hauer (Personal communication 1-21-11)Kashian, D.M. & Witter, J.A. (2010). Assessing the potential <strong>for</strong> ash canopy tree replacement via current regenerationfollowing emerald ash borer caused mortality on southeastern Michigan landscapes. <strong>Forest</strong> Ecology and<strong>Management</strong>, 261, 480-488.McCullough, D. (2008). Putting the pieces together: Can we solve the emerald ash borer management puzzle?Proceedings 19th U.S. Department of Agriculture Interagency Research Forum on Invasive Species 2008.Retrieved February 10, 2010 from www. nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/gtr_nrs-p-36.pdfSiegert, N., McCullough, D., Liebhold, A., & Telewski, F. (2008). Reconstruction of the establishment and spread ofemerald ash borer through dendrochronological analysis. Proceedings 19th U.S. Department of Agricultureinteragency research <strong>for</strong>um on invasive species 2008. Retrieved February 10, 2010 from www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/ gtr/gtr_nrs-p-36.pdfSiegert, N., McCullough, D., Liebhold A., & Telewski, F. (2010). Resurrected from the ashes: Reconstruction of theestablishment and spread of emerald ash borer. Proceedings of the Continental Dialogue on Non-Native<strong>Forest</strong> Insects and Diseases Meeting.Tainter, F.H., & Baker, F.A. (1996). Principles of <strong>Forest</strong> Pathology. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Page 10-13Minnesota <strong>Ash</strong> Species IdentificationSmith, Welby R. Trees and Shrubs of Minnesota (2008). University of Minnesota Press.Rathke, David M. Minnesota Trees (2001). University of Minnesota Extension Service.Page 22Cultural SignificanceFurther Reading:Weaving a Story. (2009, August 20). Article posted to http://www.oneidaindiannation.com/culture/53831632.htmlWilsey, D. (2011, May 26). EAB a Different Perspective. Article posted to http://www.myminnesotawoods.umn.edu/2010/03/3767/Page 35Emerald <strong>Ash</strong> Borer or DiebackPalik, B., Ostry, M., Venette, R., & Adbela, A. (2011). Fraxinus nigra (black ash) dieback in Minnesota: Regionalvariation and potential contributing factors. <strong>Forest</strong> Ecology and <strong>Management</strong>, 261, 128-135.Page 58Defects in <strong>Ash</strong> TreesUS <strong>Forest</strong> Service Northeastern Area. (1992). Urban Tree Risk <strong>Management</strong>. (Publication No. NA-TP-03-03). St. Paul,MN. Retrieved May 26, 2011 from http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/uf/utrmm/urban_tree_risk_mgmnt.pdf66
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