Ash Management Guide for Private Forest Landowners

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Chapter 4The EmeraldAsh BorerWhat About the Cold?Scientists are still studying EAB’swinter survival in northern Minnesota.People with significant amounts of ashshould not dismiss the threat of EAB,regardless of where their stand is located.However, data from 2009-2010 field seasonshows evidence that winter survivalof EAB is poorer in northern areas, andSurvey Recommendations aboutEAB cold hardinessMore research is needed on the hardiness of EAB; however there is enoughuncertainty that landowners should know EAB may spread more slowly innorthern MN. Based on preliminary research, EAB survival in northern Minnesotawill be lower than in southern Minnesota and will likely reduce populationbuildup and spread of EAB. One genetics expert pointed out, “Thereis evidence to suggest that winter survival of EAB in northern MN could beexpected to be lower than in southern MN. That says nothing about how lowersurvival rates may impact spread of the adults.” “Natural spread is not the primary(or sole) issue of concern.” Also according to a silviculturalist, “It’s alwaystrue that bugs reproduce less in colder areas, but EAB lives in some areasin China that are much colder than MN (even northern MN), and some fairlymild areas. However, the bug might be able to undergo selection for cold tolerancein several generations, and climate change might also come into play.”Ash management recommendations should be based on the distance toa known EAB infestation. One word of caution from a harvesting expert is“please consider proximity to major roads of people moving in from EAB occupiedzones. And hardiness information as it becomes more available fromplaces like Michigan.” One entomologist also pointed out that shifting climatepatterns may alter EAB spread for various locations throughout the state. Ifmanagement zones are desired, create them based on proximity to known EABlocations and likely next occurrences. Thoughts from another entomologist are,“the distance to a known EAB infestation and hardiness zone information rightnow should only affect the urgency for doing something, not the types of managementrecommendations. Hardiness of EAB in northern Minnesota shouldonly influence the urgency of doing something not what is actually done.”In addition to hardiness, research about EAB and black ash may also affectfuture management recommendations. An important point to remember thatis because EAB is a relatively new exotic pest our knowledge of the insectand our management or control recommendations will change over time, andsometimes this may change quite rapidly.” Another comment from an entomologist,“I am also somewhat reluctant because we were told that Dutch elm diseasewouldn’t be a problem in northern Minnesota and that gypsy moth wouldnot be as much of a problem in northern Minnesota as in southern Minnesota.Insects and diseases have a way of surprising us.” Another recommendationfrom the panel of experts is that ash management recommendations shouldbe based on both distance from a known EAB infestation AND hardiness zoneinformation.26
will likely reduce population build-upand the spread of EAB.It is also VERY important that landownersstay abreast of this research asthe results may have drastic impacts onash management in northern Minnesota.Landowners should consider boththe distance their land is from a knownEAB infestation, likely EAB introductionsites (possibly along roads), as well asinformation from the newest research inEAB cold tolerance.Chapter 4The EmeraldAsh BorerPreliminary data suggests that EABsurvival may be lower in northernMinnesota than in southern Minnesotabecause of extremes in lowtemperatures in the north.Photo: clgregorWhat do I do if my trees become infested?If your ash tree is infested with EAB or is showing othersigns and symptoms, visit the University of Minnesota ExtensionWeb site: www.extension.umn.edu/issues/eab/To report a possible EAB infestation, contact the Arrest thePest Hotline at arrest.the.pest@state.mn.us, 651-201-6684,or 888-545-6684.Consider insecticide treatments only when your property is within15 miles of an EAB infestation.27
Page 3 and 4: We gratefully acknowledge Melvin Ba
Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsChapter 1A History
Page 7 and 8: The Delphi Survey ProcessThe Univer
Page 9: The Emerald Ash Borer & Chestnut Bl
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1A History of Minnesota’s
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 2MinnesotaAsh SpeciesIdenti
Page 16 and 17: How to tell an ash from an ashIdent
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 3Ash: A 21stCentury Resourc
Page 21 and 22: Ash wood has been gathered and shap
Page 23 and 24: igger, then ash is not the first ch
Page 25 and 26: Photo by Pennsylvania Department of
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 4The EmeraldAsh BorerA litt
Page 29: feed on ash leaves for a few weeks
Page 33: Chapter 5The Native PlantCommunitie
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 5The Native PlantCommunitie
Page 39 and 40: Wet Forest: Dieback and declineEmer
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 5The Native PlantCommunitie
Page 44: Chapter 5The Native PlantCommunitie
Page 49 and 50: Mesic hardwood forests have a diver
Page 51 and 52: the invasion of undesirable plants
Page 53 and 54: for ash roots to reach mineral soil
Page 55 and 56: and re-colonize a burned landscape.
Page 57: A general overview of ash species d
Page 61 and 62: Survey Recommendations: WildlifeUnt
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 7Other Implicationsof EAB a
Page 65 and 66: Windthrow MortalityAll hardwood for
Page 67 and 68: • Create conditions favorable for
Page 69 and 70: Appendix BQuestions & Answers about
Page 71 and 72: Appendix CMinnesota Department of N
Page 73 and 74: GLOSSARYabiotic: Nonliving parts of

Ash Management Guide for Private Forest Landowners

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