Ash Management Guide for Private Forest Landowners

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Emerald ash borer shown in ash tree;size compared with a man’s finger.Serpentine larval galleries exposed bywoodpecker activity.Actual EAB larvae inside ash tree.Thinning foliage in crown of ash tree.24“D” shaped exit hole of EAB shown on bark of white ash.Background Photo: Jeff HahnInset Photos: Mark Abrahamson
feed on ash leaves for a few weeks beforemating and starting the cycle again.Infestations can be recognized bydead and dying trees that have serpentinegalleries on the surface of the sapwoodof branches and stems, D-shaped exitholes in the bark and signs of woodpeckerattack such as stripped bark on branchesand stems. Eventually twigs, branches, andultimately the whole tree dies.Adult females can re-infest the tree orfly to a new location. Natural spread mayoccur up to four miles per year. An infestedash stand can be 96% dead in six years.What you need to knowEAB kills ash trees and it does soin great numbers. Already it has killedmillions of ash trees in North America.EAB will have a huge effect on Minnesota’slandscape and the 937 million ashtrees that grow in our cities and forests.• You can expect EAB to spreadthroughout Minnesota, eventually; itmay take decades.• EAB kills all species of ash trees inMinnesota: black, green, and white.• EAB kills 99% of North Americanash trees.• There are some trees with resistanceto EAB located in China.• Cold temperatures in Minnesota mayslow EAB down, but will noteliminate them.Photo: DNR• Planning ahead and managing ash beforeEAB arrive will give you more timeand will help keep your land forested.• Natural enemies of EAB exist inChina; some of these insects are beingreleased in Minnesota to help slow thespread of EAB.• Recognize the signs and symptomsof an EAB infested tree: heavywoodpecker activity on tree, dyingbranches in the top canopy, sproutsaround the tree base, vertical cracksin the bark, S-shaped tunnels underthe bark, and 1 ⁄8 inch D-shaped exitholes in the bark.• If you have ash trees on your property,now is the time to plan for a futurewith fewer ash trees.GLOSSARYChapter 4The EmeraldAsh BorerHeavy woodpeckeractivity on a tree isoften a sign of EABinfestation.serpentine galleries: Trailsthat wind and twist, like asnake.sprouts: Shoots arising fromthe base or sides of a woodyplant.Do NOT transport firewood!Do not transport firewood, even within Minnesota. A major culprit inspreading EAB and other insect pests is firewood. Larvae and pupaecan hide beneath the bark and then escape as adult beetles after beingtransported many miles. Look at the map on page 28 of where EABhas been found. How did it hop from one state to another? Many of theplaces where it was found are parks and campgrounds. People carriedEAB with them when they brought firewood on a picnic or camping trip.25
Page 3 and 4: We gratefully acknowledge Melvin Ba
Page 5 and 6: Table of ContentsChapter 1A History
Page 7 and 8: The Delphi Survey ProcessThe Univer
Page 9: The Emerald Ash Borer & Chestnut Bl
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 1A History of Minnesota’s
Page 14 and 15: Chapter 2MinnesotaAsh SpeciesIdenti
Page 16 and 17: How to tell an ash from an ashIdent
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 3Ash: A 21stCentury Resourc
Page 21 and 22: Ash wood has been gathered and shap
Page 23 and 24: igger, then ash is not the first ch
Page 25 and 26: Photo by Pennsylvania Department of
Page 27: Chapter 4The EmeraldAsh BorerA litt
Page 31 and 32: will likely reduce population build
Page 33: Chapter 5The Native PlantCommunitie
Page 36 and 37: Chapter 5The Native PlantCommunitie
Page 39 and 40: Wet Forest: Dieback and declineEmer
Page 42 and 43: Chapter 5The Native PlantCommunitie
Page 44: Chapter 5The Native PlantCommunitie
Page 49 and 50: Mesic hardwood forests have a diver
Page 51 and 52: the invasion of undesirable plants
Page 53 and 54: for ash roots to reach mineral soil
Page 55 and 56: and re-colonize a burned landscape.
Page 57: A general overview of ash species d
Page 61 and 62: Survey Recommendations: WildlifeUnt
Page 63 and 64: Chapter 7Other Implicationsof EAB a
Page 65 and 66: Windthrow MortalityAll hardwood for
Page 67 and 68: • Create conditions favorable for
Page 69 and 70: Appendix BQuestions & Answers about
Page 71 and 72: Appendix CMinnesota Department of N
Page 73 and 74: GLOSSARYabiotic: Nonliving parts of

Ash Management Guide for Private Forest Landowners

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