caldwell county regional water and wastewater planning study
caldwell county regional water and wastewater planning study caldwell county regional water and wastewater planning study
14.6 Recommended Load ReductionsLoad Duration Curves in the Plum Creek WPP, prepared by the Texas AgriLifeExtension Service, indicate both point and non-point pollution sources should bereduced. Water quantity and quality monitoring stations at Lockhart and Lulingprovided flows and water quality data used to compute existing pollutant loads.The recommended allowable pollutant loads were subtracted from the existingloads to determine the load reduction required. The recommended pollutant loadreductions as a percentage of existing loads are shown in Table 14-1.TABLE 14-1Pollution Reduction NeededLocationParameterE.coli Bacteria Phosphorus NitrateLockhart 65% 27% 43%Luling 15% 49% 80%14.7 Proposed Management MeasuresThe proposed management measures identified in the Plum Creek WPP arespecific to Plum Creek but can be implemented in parts of the county that are notwithin the Plum Creek Watershed. The measures are intended to reduce bacterialloads but will also influence the reduction in nutrient loads. Nutrient loadsassociated from urban landscaping and cropland will also be addressed.Additionally, management measures will also focus on the reduction ofphosphorus loads.Naturally occurring nitrate in groundwater has been reported to discharge intoPlum Creek and create impaired water quality conditions (nitrate concentrationsexceed desired limits). Management efforts directed at nitrates should be focusedon ensuring that additional nitrates from non-groundwater sources are not addedto streams and measures are implemented to prevent further increases in nitrateconcentrations in groundwater.Klotz Associates Project No. 0972.000.000January 201014-6Caldwell County Regional Water and Wastewater Planning StudyFinal Report
14.7.1 Urban Stormwater Management MeasuresA workgroup from the Plum Creek WPP specified implementation goals andplaced emphasis on programs consistent with Municipal Separate Storm SewerSystem (MS4) requirements. Appendix I lists the city specific measures to beimplemented in Lockhart and Luling.A study, “Predicting Effect of Urban Development on Water Quality in the Citiesof New Braunfels, San Marcos, Seguin and Victoria” was completed inNovember 2000 by PBSJ. The study developed a series of equations to predict theimpact of impervious cover on concentrations of four water quality parameters instormwater runoff. These formulas may be useful in predicting water qualityimpacts from the construction of impervious cover in watersheds and assist indetermining pollutant removal required as part of a construction permit.The formulas are:Total Suspended Solids in mg/L, TSS: TSS = 10^(2.41+(0.0149 IC))Total Nitrogen in mg/L, TN: TN = 1.08+(0.0564* IC)Total Phosphorus in mg/L, TP: TP = 0.0231*ICFecal Coliform, FC in CFU/100mL: FC = 10^(4.0+(0.0229* IC))Where IC is impervious cover expressed as a percentage, ^ is the symbol forexponential and * is the symbol for multiplication.It should be noted that the calculated concentration is an “Event MeanConcentration” (EMC) which is defined as a flow-weighted average. The EMC isused because the concentration of any parameter varies greatly in a storm event asthe hydrograph rises (the first flush event), crests and falls in the trailing limb ofthe hydrograph.Klotz Associates Project No. 0972.000.000January 201014-7Caldwell County Regional Water and Wastewater Planning StudyFinal Report
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14.7.1 Urban Storm<strong>water</strong> Management MeasuresA workgroup from the Plum Creek WPP specified implementation goals <strong>and</strong>placed emphasis on programs consistent with Municipal Separate Storm SewerSystem (MS4) requirements. Appendix I lists the city specific measures to beimplemented in Lockhart <strong>and</strong> Luling.A <strong>study</strong>, “Predicting Effect of Urban Development on Water Quality in the Citiesof New Braunfels, San Marcos, Seguin <strong>and</strong> Victoria” was completed inNovember 2000 by PBSJ. The <strong>study</strong> developed a series of equations to predict theimpact of impervious cover on concentrations of four <strong>water</strong> quality parameters instorm<strong>water</strong> runoff. These formulas may be useful in predicting <strong>water</strong> qualityimpacts from the construction of impervious cover in <strong>water</strong>sheds <strong>and</strong> assist indetermining pollutant removal required as part of a construction permit.The formulas are:Total Suspended Solids in mg/L, TSS: TSS = 10^(2.41+(0.0149 IC))Total Nitrogen in mg/L, TN: TN = 1.08+(0.0564* IC)Total Phosphorus in mg/L, TP: TP = 0.0231*ICFecal Coliform, FC in CFU/100mL: FC = 10^(4.0+(0.0229* IC))Where IC is impervious cover expressed as a percentage, ^ is the symbol forexponential <strong>and</strong> * is the symbol for multiplication.It should be noted that the calculated concentration is an “Event MeanConcentration” (EMC) which is defined as a flow-weighted average. The EMC isused because the concentration of any parameter varies greatly in a storm event asthe hydrograph rises (the first flush event), crests <strong>and</strong> falls in the trailing limb ofthe hydrograph.Klotz Associates Project No. 0972.000.000January 201014-7Caldwell County Regional Water <strong>and</strong> Waste<strong>water</strong> Planning StudyFinal Report
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