caldwell county regional water and wastewater planning study

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14.3 Water Quality Concerns and Sources of ImpairmentThe constituents that threaten stream water quality in Caldwell County originatefrom several sources and have resulted in streams being classified as impairedbecause of the presence of excessive bacteria, concern with dissolved oxygenlevels (DO), and high concentrations of total phosphorus, ortho-phosphate, andammonia-nitrogen. Sources of these pollutants are as follows: Urbanization and Runoff – Urbanization almost always results inremoval of vegetation that in turn reduces the natural filterprocesses performed by vegetation and increases soil erosion fromcaused by larger peak runoff rates and volumes. Pollutants fromhuman activity, pet waste and natural processes reach drains, stormsewers and streams without the benefit of vegetative filtering.Livestock and Wildlife – Animal waste deposited in or nearwaterways can contribute significant pollutant loading to streams.Feral hogs, deer, sheep, goats, horses, cattle, chickens, turkeys andducks are potential significant pollutant sources in CaldwellCounty.On-Site Sewage Facilities (OSSF) – Improperly designed orinstalled, leaking and/or failing OSSF facilities can add significantpollutant loading to streams and groundwater. Bacteria fromOSSF systems can reach drinking water sources and have severeand life-threatening impacts to human health. Wastewater Treatment Facilities – Improperly designed,constructed and/or operated wastewater collection and treatmentfacilities can result in leaks, overflows and/or discharges to drains,storm sewers and streams that can add significant pollutant loads tonatural water bodies.Klotz Associates Project No. 0972.000.000January 201014-2Caldwell County Regional Water and Wastewater Planning StudyFinal Report
Agricultural Practices – Improper and poor agricultural practicescan significantly increase sediment, nutrient, organic, bacterialand/or chemical loading to streams. Over-fertilization is anexample of a poor practice that can increase nutrient loads andincrease production cost without a commensurate return oninvestment.Oil and Gas Production – Brine leakage, nitrogen compounds,salts, and hydrocarbons (petroleum byproducts) can leak towaterways and result in diminished water quality and decrease thequality of the aquatic habitat.Solid Waste Sources – Solid waste (such as used tires, homeappliances and construction debris) that is improperly disposed ofin drainageways and streams add to pollutant loads and candegrade aquatic habitat, stream functions and visual appearance. Natural Geological Characteristics – Naturally occurringgeological formations can contribute nutrients and other pollutantsto water passing through the formation. The nutrient and pollutantloads can impair groundwater quality and surface water qualitywhere groundwater discharges to streams.The CCRWQPP addresses the potential pollutant sources and recommends BMPsthat will reduce the impact of the various pollutant sources. Deployment of theBMPs may be an iterative process to meet pollutant goal removal. Monitoringwill be necessary to determine the effectiveness of the management measures.14.4 Water Quality StandardsWater quality standards established by TCEQ and Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA) are used to define the acceptability and suitability of water forvarious uses including such uses as drinking water, water in streams andKlotz Associates Project No. 0972.000.000January 201014-3Caldwell County Regional Water and Wastewater Planning StudyFinal Report
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CALDWELL COUNTY REGIONAL WATERAND W
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C O N S U L T I N G E N G I N E E R
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flows without impacting environment
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viable for Caldwell County are wate
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parameters and needs. For purposes
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SECTION 1INTRODUCTION1.1 Background
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A Grant Application for a Regional
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1.4 Participants and SponsorsThe Ca
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SECTION 2CALDWELLL COUNTY CHARACTER
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Construction for segments 5 and 6 o
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Watershed and Peach Creek Watershed
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2.4 Certificates of Convenience and
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Klotz Associates Project No. 0972.0
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GRAPH 2-1Lockhart, Texas Monthly Av
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water quality in the county. Finall
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SECTION 4GROUNDWATER4.1 Groundwater
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efore 1953. Deterioration in water
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loose sand. The sand tends to be fr
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4.3 Groundwater Conservation Distri
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support the efforts of PCCD. The di
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SECTION 5SURFACE WATER5.1 GeneralSu
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GRAPH 5-1Caldwell County Total Surf
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GRAPH 5-2TWDB- Caldwell County Hist
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SECTION 6POPULATION6.1 Population P
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GRAPH 6-1TWDB Population Projection
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GRAPH 6-3Texas State Data Center Po
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TABLE 6-2Planning Study Population
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7.1.2 City of LockhartThe City of L
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Neiderwald. The service area in Cal
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purchase capacity of 6.0 MGD. The a
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Lockhart. The plant is capable of d
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In 1994 GBRA began operating the Ci
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7.3.5 Sweetwater Utility, LLCSweetw
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TABLE 8-1Caldwell County - TWDB His
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Municipal water demand projections
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applicable. A “P” in the Region
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the modified TSDC Scenario 1.0, sho
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GRAPH 8-3Caldwell County Survey Res
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Page 100 and 101: TABLE 9-6Caldwell County Projected
Page 102 and 103: 10.3 United States Environmental Pr
Page 104 and 105: 10.4.3 Source Water ProtectionSourc
Page 106 and 107: 10.6.1 E.coli PotentialIt is estima
Page 108 and 109: TABLE 10-4Estimated Loadings from U
Page 110 and 111: Klotz Associates Project No. 0972.0
Page 112 and 113: The proposed GBRA Mid-Basin Project
Page 114 and 115: 11.1.3 Lower Guadalupe Water Supply
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Page 118 and 119: An ASR is a viable solution. Ground
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Page 122 and 123: SECTION 12REGIONAL WATER PLANNING12
Page 124 and 125: TABLE 12-2Caldwell County Water Sup
Page 128 and 129: 12.3.2 DistributionThe water will b
Page 130 and 131: 12.4 Water System Cost EstimatesVar
Page 132 and 133: 300272GRAPH 13-1Caldwell County OSS
Page 136 and 137: 2. The Martindale Regional Facility
Page 138 and 139: decentralized system providing sewe
Page 140 and 141: Unfortunately, the simplicity of O&
Page 142 and 143: associated costs. Efficient and fun
Page 148 and 149: wastewater plant return flows. The
Page 150 and 151: 14.6 Recommended Load ReductionsLoa
Page 152 and 153: 14.7.2 Water Quality Development Or
Page 154 and 155: 14.8.3 Vegetative Filter StripsVege
Page 156 and 157: Use constructed wetlands to capture
Page 158 and 159: 14.12 Implementation Recommendation
Page 160 and 161: Type II reclaimed water is defined
Page 162 and 163: Pollutant loading to streams from e
Page 164 and 165: Future growth in Caldwell County wi
Page 166 and 167: 14.12.4 OSSF Annual Inspection and
Page 168 and 169: Water Quality Monitoring Program -
Page 170 and 171: execute strategies. Local, state, a
Page 172 and 173: the environment. Funding for the pr
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Page 176 and 177: water or groundwater to meet future
Page 178 and 179: Mid-Basin Project and associated fa
Page 180: C O N S U L T I N G E N G I N E E R
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APPENDIX B &# ! % 44' # (0 5#
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APPENDIX B # %# '(=. )1. )@. )
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State WellNumber6702902670290567029
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APPENDIX EThe tables presented in t
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APPENDIX EWaterUserGroupTABLE 7PROJ
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APPENDIX ERules of the Gonzales Cou
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APPENDIX EAVERAGE QUEEN CITY OR SPA
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Historical Water Use Summary by Cou
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Historical Water Use Summary by Gro
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UseCodePriority DatePriority Month,
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CountyName1 = Anderson 52 = Crane 1
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WRNoWRTypeWRSeqAPPENDIX GTCEQ SURFA
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APPENDIX HWATER CONSERVATION MEASUR
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APPENDIX HWater Rate StructureAn in
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APPENDIX HLeak Detection and Repair
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APPENDIX I• The cities of Kyle, L
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Management MeasureSeptic System Ins
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Outreach ActivityAgricultural Progr
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APPENDIX KWhereas the parties to th
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RESPONSE TO WRITTEN COMMENT BY JOHN
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APPENDIX MCaldwell County Regional
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APPENDIX NTEXAS WATER DEVELOPMENT B
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APPENDIX NKlotz Associates, Inc.Res
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APPENDIX NKlotz Associates Response
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