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Foliicolous fungi of Silent Valleyterminal, monoblastic, integrated, cylindrical. Sarcinellaconidia blastic, terminal, mostly sessile, solitary, dry,ovate to globose, sarciniform, 2–7 celled, constricted atthe septa, 30–38 μm in diameter, wall smooth.Materials examined:13.xii.2003 on leaves of Vernoniasp. (Asteraceae), Sairandhri, V.B. Hosagoudar et al. HCIO45766, TBGT 1515; HCIO 45818, TBGT 1568.The genus AphanopeltisThis is an interesting thyriotheceous genus, knownon this host genus. Though we could locate this fromdifferent regions of Western Ghats, details are awaited.Aphanopeltis lasianthi Hansf., Reinwardtia 3: 121,1954.Colonies hypophyllous, dense to subdense, up to5mm in diameter, often confluent. Hyphae withoutappressoria, straight to substraight, branching oppositeto irregular at acute angles, closely reticulate, cells15–27x4–6 μm. Thyriothecia roughly orbicular, often ovate,up to 120μm in diam., central portion dissolved; asciovate to slightly cylindrical, 20–30x10–14 μm; ascosporeshyaline, oblong, 1-septate, constricted at the septum,9–12x4–6 μm.Material examined: 13.xii.2003 on leaves ofLasianthus sp., (Rubiaceae), Sairandhri, Silent Valley,Palghat, V.B. Hosagoudar & al HCIO 47362, TBGT 2400.The genus PalawaniellaThis genus possessing aggregated thyriothecia, lacksprofuse external mycelium.Palawaniella jasmini (Doidge) Arx & Müller, Studiesin Mycology 9: 37, 1975.Ferrarisia jasmini Doidge, Bothalia 4(2): 278, 1942.Cyclopeltis jasmini (Doidge) Bat., Nascim. & A.F. Vital,Publicaçoes do Instituto de Micologia da Universidadedo Recife 1:367, 1960 (Fig. 115).Colonies hypophyllous, dense, up to 8mm in diameter,confluent. Hyphae absent. Thyriothecia closelyscattered, scattered to connate, more or less orbicular,up to 250μm in diameter, stellately dehisced at thecentre, margin crenate to fimbriate; asci octosporous,mostly globose, up to 30μm in diameter; ascospores,conglobate, 1-septate, constricted at the septa, 15–20x7-10 μm, wall smooth.Material examined: 22.ii.2009 on leaves of Jasminumsp. (Oleaceae), Punnamala, Silent Valley National Park,Palghat, Kerala, S.S. Shaji et al. TBGT 5735.Hosagoudar & RijuThe genus LeptosphaerulinaThis is the genus which produces superficial, closelyscattered perithecia, causes rolling of the infected leavesmarginally or in totality. Infected plants can be noticedeven from a distance (Image 21).Leptosphaerulina australis McAlp., Fung. Dis. 103,1902; Barr, Preliminary studies on the Dothideales inthe Temperate North America, p. 541, 1972. Infectionepiphyllous. Ascomata superficial, firmly placed on thehost epidermis, globose, 40-70µm in diameter; ascifew to many, clavate, octosporous, 50–90x30–45 µm,persistent; ascospores hyaline, transversely septate onthe host but deep brown with 1–3-septate vertical septain the middle cells when grown in culture, 25–40x10–15µm.Materials examined: 15.xii.2003, on leaves ofCrotalaria sp. (Papilonaceae), Sairandhri, V.B. Hosagoudaret al. HCIO 46014, TBGT 1778; Chempatty, 14.xii.2003,V.B. Hosagoudar et al. HCIO 46122, TBGT 1885Tar Spot FungiThe name itself indicates that these are the fungiemit the symptom that as if tar has been sprinkled onthe leaves. These dark coloured spots are nothing butstromata. The fungi of this type represent two genera:Phyllachora and Rehmidothis.The genus PhyllachoraPhyllachora symploci Pat. in Sacc., Syll. Fung. 11:Image 21. Leptosphaerulina australis on leaves of Crotalaria sp.3770Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 05 March 2013 | 5(3): 3701–3788