Visual Psychophysics / Physiological Optics - ARVO

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ARVO 2013 Annual Meeting Abstracts by Scientific Section/Group – Visual Psychophysics / Physiological Opticsto 2.0 degrees/second in 0.2 degrees/second steps.Results: Results showed an overall improvement in the subjects’performance for all velocities. There was a significant difference inthe percentage of correct responses between static stimuluspresentation and for velocities of between 0.4 to 1.2 degrees/second(p < 0.05, One-way repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni posthoc tests). The average “correct response” for static stimuluspresentation was 76 ± 2 %, improving to at least 85 % for velocitiesbetween 0.4 to 1.2 degrees/second. At velocities greater than 1.2degrees/second performance was still better than for static stimuluspresentation, but showed a gradual decline with increasing speed.Conclusions: In line with previous studies stimulus motion has apositive effect on peripheral high-contrast resolution acuity.Presenting moving stimuli may benefit patients who rely onperipheral visual function, such as those with central visual field losssubsequent to AMD.Commercial Relationships: Peter R. Lewis, None; Victoria Holm,None; Karthikeyan Baskaran, None; Jorgen Gustafsson, NoneProgram Number: 575 Poster Board Number: C0186Presentation Time: 10:30 AM - 12:15 PMDistance Visual Acuity Screening of Preschoolers with HyperopiaMarjean T. Kulp 1 , Gui-Shuang Ying 2 , Jiayan Huang 2 , Maureen G.Maguire 2 , Graham E. Quinn 3 , Elise Ciner 4 , Deborah A. Orel-Bixler 5 ,Lynn A. Cyert 6 , Bruce Moore 7 . 1 College of Optometry, Ohio StateUniversity, Columbus, OH; 2 University of Pennsylvania,Philadelphia, PA; 3 Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia,PA; 4 Pennsylvania College of Optometry, Salus University, ElkinsPark, PA; 5 School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley,CA; 6 College of Optometry, Northeastern State University,Tahlequah, OK; 7 New England College of Optometry, Boston, MA.Purpose: Hyperopia has been shown to be associated with anincreased risk of amblyopia and strabismus among preschoolers. Thepurpose of this study is to compare uncorrected distance visual acuity(VA) measured with the VIP Crowded Single LEA Symbols® VATest at 5 feet (VIP 5ft Lea) in 3- to 5-year-old Head Start childrenwith versus without hyperopia.Methods: In VIP (Phase II), 1452 preschoolers were screened withthe VIP 5ft Lea test by lay screeners. All children underwentcomprehensive vision examination including threshold VA using theATS single-surround HOTV letter protocol, cover testing, andcycloplegic retinoscopy by masked examiners. Hyperopia wasdefined as >+3.25D in the most positive meridian in one or both eyes.Uncorrected distance VA in the worse eye as measured by the VIP 5ft Lea was compared for 1) children with hyperopia and thosewithout and 2) children with hyperopia plus other visual conditions(amblyopia, strabismus, astigmatism, and/or anisometropia), thosewith hyperopia alone, and those without hyperopia.Results: Uncorrected distance VA measured with the VIP 5ft Leatest was significantly different between children with hyperopia(n=182, median VA 20/50) as compared to those without hyperopia(n= 1270, median VA 20/40)(p
ARVO 2013 Annual Meeting Abstracts by Scientific Section/Group – Visual Psychophysics / Physiological Optics(sensitivity=2). It has been demonstrated that CSF acuity estimatescorrelate well with logMAR acuity (Lesmes LA, et al. IOVS2012;52:ARVO E-Abstract 4358).Because acuity is an important criterion for choosing opticalcorrection, we investigated how dioptric blur affects CSF acuityestimates obtained with the quick CSF, implemented on an iPad forconvenience.Methods: Six observers (21-46 yrs old; mean 27.5) were tested at aviewing distance of 40cm. Tests were run at self-reported correctionand additional blur conditions (+1,+2,+3,+4D). Gratings of differentfrequencies (.29-18.5cpd) and contrasts (.2-100%) were presented for250ms at 3.4deg either left or right of fixation (spatial 2AFC) andsubjects used the touch screen to respond. Each test (120 trials) lasted3-4 min. To estimate repeatability, all conditions were run again thefollowing day.Results: As expected, dioptric blur primarily affected the CSF's highfrequencyregion, and not its peak height (Fig 1). When normalizedto the lens condition with maximum acuity, CSF acuities exhibited asharp decrease across lens conditions that was not demonstrated bypeak sensitivity (Fig 2). Although contrast thresholds measured ondigital displays often exhibit ceiling effects, we reliably obtainedpeak thresholds
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