Visual Psychophysics / Physiological Optics - ARVO

ARVO 2013 Annual Meeting Abstracts by Scientific Section/Group – Visual Psychophysics / Physiological Opticsexponential model sufficiently well that 97% had R2 > 0.9; but theparameters differed, and 92% of the data were slightly too steep.These cone densities averaged 43,200, 27,500, 15,000, and 12,200microns per mm2, for the 270, 630, 1440, and 2070 micron locations,with a coefficient of variation of .14, .13, .10, and .10. Cone densityat 630 microns was negatively correlated with the ratio of cones at2070: cones at 630, p < .0001 and p = .0008 for the younger andolder groups, respectively, and uncorrelated to the (unnormalized)density at 2070 microns, p = 0.71 and 0.37. The ratio of cones at2070: cones at 630 averaged 0.45 vs. 0.39, for younger vs. older eyes.Conclusions: Cone density is not characterized by a scalar factor foreither eccentricity or age, nor a model with fixed exponents. Instead,cones from outside the fovea migrate centrally to provide fovealspecialization, and aging further alters the distribution.Commercial Relationships: Ann E. Elsner, Aeon Imaging, LLC(I), Aeon Imaging, LLC (F), Aeon Imaging, LLC (P); Toco Y. Chui,None; Lei Feng, None; Colleen M. McIntyre, None; HongxinSong, Canon (F); Thomas Gast, None; Stephen A. Burns, NoneSupport: NIH Grant EY007624, EY004395, P30EY019008Program Number: 1741Presentation Time: 11:15 AM - 11:30 AMLongitudinal Cone Density Measurements using a CommerciallyAvailable Flood-Illuminated Adaptive Optics Camera inJapanese Macaque Monkeys with Dominantly Inherited DrusenMark E. Pennesi 1 , Keith V. Michaels 1 , Shu Feng 1 , Travis B. Smith 1 ,Anupam K. Garg 1 , Trevor J. McGill 2 , Laurie Renner 2 , MarvinSperling 3 , Kay D. Rittenhouse 3 , Martha Neuringer 2 . 1 Ophthalmology,Casey Eye Institute - OHSU, Portland, OR; 2 Division ofNeuroscience, Oregon National Primate Center, Beaverton, OR;3 External R&D Innovations, Pfizer Inc., San Diego, CA.Purpose: To study the longitudinal changes in cone density in a lineof adult Japanese Macaque monkeys with dominantly inheriteddrusen using a commercially available flood illuminated adaptiveoptics camera.Methods: Twenty male and female Japanese Macaques were sedatedand imaged on the RTx1 Adaptive Optics Camera (Imagine Eyes,Orsay, France) at baseline and six months later. In each animal, aseries of overlapping AO images were obtained starting at the opticnerve and extending temporally through the fovea. Individual imageswere montaged using I2k Align (DualAlignTM). Cone profiles werecounted using a Matlab algorithm (generously provided by Dr.Joseph Carroll) and axial lengths were measured to correct formagnification. Macular drusen were identified with advanced Wekasegmentation (University of Waikato).Results: Cone density plots revealed an anatomic distribution of conephotoreceptors in the macula, but cones within 1.6° of the fovealcenter could not be individually identified. The mean cone densityacross 1.6-3.1° eccentricity was 28843 ± 5284 cones/mm2 after sixmonths. When broken into parafoveal quadrants, cone density washighest in the nasal quadrant and lowest in the superior quadrant forboth time points. The mean baseline age for the animals was 10.8 ±5.5 years. Age was not significantly associated with cone density (p =0.46), nor was it associated with the change in cone density betweenthe time points (p = 0.75). The fraction of area occupied by drusenwas 8.8 ± 12.8 percent. Drusen area also was not significantlyassociated with cone density (p = 0.55), nor was it associated with thechange in cone density between the time points (p = 0.70).Conclusions: Commercially available flood illuminated adaptiveoptics allows for longitudinal measurement of cone density inmacaques with drusen. Preliminary results indicate that age anddrusen load are not associated with a significant change in conedensity over the period studied. Further collections are planned everysix months to assess long-term changes in cone density.Commercial Relationships: Mark E. Pennesi, Pfizer (F); Keith V.Michaels, Pfizer, Inc. (F); Shu Feng, None; Travis B. Smith, Pfizer,Inc. (F); Anupam K. Garg, None; Trevor J. McGill, StemCells,Inc. (C), Pfizer (F), AGTC (F); Laurie Renner, Pfizer (F), AppliedGenetic Technologies Corporation (F); Marvin Sperling, Pfizer Inc.(E); Kay D. Rittenhouse, Pfizer Inc. (E); Martha Neuringer, Pfizer(F), Applied Genetic Technologies Corporation (F)Support: Pfizer Ophthalmology External Research Unit, FFB CD-CL-0808-0469-OHSU, RPB CDA (MEP), RPB Unrestricted - CEI,NIH grant P51OD011092Program Number: 1742Presentation Time: 11:30 AM - 11:45 AMAssessing the Mosaic of Cone Photoreceptors OverlyingSubretinal Drusenoid Deposits in vivo Using Adaptive OpticsSarah Mrejen 1, 2 , Taku Sato 1, 2 , Richard F. Spaide 1, 2 . 1 vitreous retinamacula consultants of New York, New York, NY; 2 LuEsther T MertzRetinal Research Center, Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital,New York, NY.Purpose: To investigate the cone photoreceptor mosaic in eyes withpseudodrusen as evidenced by the presence of subretinal drusenoiddeposits (SDD) using adaptive optics (AO) imaging integrated into amultimodal approach.Methods: Consecutive patients with pseudodrusen were examinedusing near-infra-red reflectance (IR) confocal scanning laserophthalmoscopy (SLO) and eye-tracked spectral-domain opticalcoherence tomography (SD-OCT) and a flood-illuminated retinal AOcamera prototype (rtx-1, Imagine Eyes, Orsay, France). The AOimages were acquired between 1 and 5 degrees of retinal eccentricityfrom the foveal center in the areas of SDD. Correlations were madebetween the IR SLO, SD-OCT and the AO images. Cone packingdensity analysis was performed on AO images within 50 x 50 µmwindows in 5 regions of interest overlying and in 5 located betweenSDD. Five patients with soft drusen were evaluated as a comparisongroup.Results: The mean age of 5 patients, all female, with SDD was 71.8years. The SDD identified by combined IR and eye-tracked SD-OCTcorresponded to well-defined areas darker than the surroundinguninvolved areas in the AO images. The mean (±SD) cone packingdensity was 1254 (± 673) cones/mm2 on SDD and 10818 (±1860)cones/mm2 between SDD. Cone density on SDD was approximately11% of cone density between SDD, whereas cone density on softdrusen varied from 60 to 90% of cone density between soft drusen.The cone density between SDD was not significantly different fromthe cone density between soft drusen at the same degree of retinaleccentricity. The lack of visualization of cones on SDD wascorrelated with the disruption of the ellipsoid zone on correspondingSD-OCT. The cone mosaic was well preserved on soft drusen whenthe ellipsoid zone was preserved on corresponding SD-OCT.Conclusions: The lack of visualization of cones on SDD in the AOimages can be due to several possible causes: a change in theirorientation, absence or shortening of their outer segments, or absenceof the cones. Whether the lack of detection of cones on SDD is due toabsent or shortened outer segment or absence of cones, all of theseexplanations imply decreased cone function is possible. Thesefindings suggest these patients with pseudodrusen may experiencedecreased retinal function independent of choroidalneovascularization or retinal pigment epithelium atrophy.Commercial Relationships: Sarah Mrejen, None; Taku Sato,Alcon Japan Ltd. (F); Richard F. Spaide, Topcon (P),Thrombogenics (C), Bausch and Lomb (C)©2013, Copyright by the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc., all rights reserved. Go to iovs.org to access the version of record. 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