HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES Hydrocarbons are compounds ...
HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES Hydrocarbons are compounds ...
HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES Hydrocarbons are compounds ...
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<strong>HYDROCARBON</strong> <strong>DERIVATIVES</strong><strong>Hydrocarbons</strong> <strong>are</strong> <strong>compounds</strong> made up of only carbon andhydrogen atoms.Hydrocarbon derivatives <strong>are</strong> composed of the hydrocarbonp<strong>are</strong>nt in which one or more of the hydrogens have beenreplaced with a nonhydrocarbon element or group of elements(functional group)Ex. CH 3 CH 2 ClWhat is a 'functional' group?Organic Halides an organic molecule in which one or more of the hydrogenshave been replaced with a Group 17 (halogens) atom.NamingOrganic halides <strong>are</strong> named using the same rule as hydrocarbons.The branch is named by shortening the halogen to name tofluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, etc.Ex. chloroethane1,2dichloropropane1
Reaction TypesADDITION multiple bonds (pi bonds) <strong>are</strong> broken and hydrogenor halide <strong>are</strong> added.Ex. a) ethyne + bromineb) propene + hydrogen chloride3
SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS carbonhydrogen (sigma bonds)<strong>are</strong> broken and the hydrogen is replaced with another functionalgroup. very difficult reaction; usually occurs in the presence of lightEx. propane + brominebenzene + chlorine4
ELIMINATION REACTIONS carbonhydrogen and carbonhalidesigma bonds <strong>are</strong> broken and a multiple bond (pi bond) forms common method of preparing alkenesEx. 2bromobutane + hydroxide ion5
HomeworkWorksheet6