HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES Hydrocarbons are compounds ...

HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVESHydrocarbons are compounds made up of only carbon andhydrogen atoms.Hydrocarbon derivatives are composed of the hydrocarbonparent in which one or more of the hydrogens have beenreplaced with a non­hydrocarbon element or group of elements(functional group)Ex. CH 3 CH 2 ClWhat is a 'functional' group?Organic Halides­ an organic molecule in which one or more of the hydrogenshave been replaced with a Group 17 (halogens) atom.NamingOrganic halides are named using the same rule as hydrocarbons.The branch is named by shortening the halogen to name tofluoro, chloro, bromo­, iodo­, etc.Ex. chloroethane1,2­dichloropropane1

Reaction TypesADDITION­ multiple bonds (pi bonds) are broken and hydrogenor halide are added.Ex. a) ethyne + bromineb) propene + hydrogen chloride3

SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS ­ carbon­hydrogen (sigma bonds)are broken and the hydrogen is replaced with another functionalgroup.­ very difficult reaction; usually occurs in the presence of lightEx. propane + brominebenzene + chlorine4

ELIMINATION REACTIONS ­ carbon­hydrogen and carbonhalidesigma bonds are broken and a multiple bond (pi bond) forms­ common method of preparing alkenesEx. 2­bromobutane + hydroxide ion5

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