Landforms, Water, and Natural Resources PP - legacyjr.net
Landforms, Water, and Natural Resources PP - legacyjr.net
Landforms, Water, and Natural Resources PP - legacyjr.net
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<strong>L<strong>and</strong>forms</strong>, <strong>Water</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Natural</strong> <strong>Resources</strong>
LANDFORMS
Plate Tectonics <strong>and</strong> Continental DriftPangaea3 types of plate tectonic movementMove Apart Collide Slip Past
1. When plates move apartDivergent BoundaryCrust is formed atMid-Oceanic Ridges.As the lava is extrudedfrom the mantle it israpidly cooled by thesurrounding oceanicwater, which slowlymoves away from theridge as more lavaemerges.
2. When plates collide…subduction zonesSubduction zones: when plates collide <strong>and</strong> one tectonic platemoves under another <strong>and</strong> sinks into the mantle.Three ways to destroy crust in subduction zonesSubduction Zone #1:OceanicVs.OceanicSubduction Zone #2:ContinentalVs.ContinentalSubduction Zone #3:OceanicVs.Continental
Subduction Zone #1:Oceanic Vs. OceanicEx; Mariana’s TrenchAncient crust
Subduction Zone #2:Continental vs. ContinentalEx; The Alps
Subduction Zone #3:Oceanic Vs. ContinentalEx; Pacific Ring of FireAncient crust
3. Faults – when plates slide past each otherWhen plates move side byside <strong>and</strong> rub their edgestogether, the area is called afault line or a fault. Faultscan manifest when it causesan earthquake. Earthquakesare caused by the suddenrelease of pressure. This slipcauses the shaking <strong>and</strong>destruction. The most famousfault in the United States isthe San Andreas Fault inSouthern California.Earthquakes can alsotrigger tsunamis.
How do we detect <strong>and</strong> measure Earthquakes?Seismographs measure the movement of theground during an earthquake <strong>and</strong> records itThe Richter Scale isused to compare thesize of earthquakes. Notmeasured by how muchdamage an earthquakecauses.
What causes the plates to move?Convection CurrentsThe cells of superheated rockbelow the earth’s crustbegins to rise <strong>and</strong> cannot fallin the same place as it isrising. This creates a circularmovement known asconvection currents. Thiscurrent occurs in the mantle<strong>and</strong> moves the crust.
WATER AND NATURALRESOURCES
<strong>Water</strong> on Earth97% of all the Earth’s water is too salty for most uses.Desalinization is the process of removing salt from the ocean water.3% of the earth’s water is fresh. Most of it is frozen. Less than 1% can be used.Surface <strong>Water</strong>EvaporationMoist AirPrecipitationCondensationTributary: Small river or stream thatflows into a larger river.<strong>Water</strong>shed: the whole region drained bya river <strong>and</strong> its tributaries.Ground waterWetl<strong>and</strong>s: any l<strong>and</strong>scape that is coveredwith water for at least part of the year.Aquifers: water below the earth’ssurface that can be reached by drilling.
<strong>Natural</strong> <strong>Resources</strong>Any natural resource that canbe replenished naturally withthe passage of time isconsidered to be aRENEWABLE RESOURCEIf their quantities are limitedor if they cannot be replacedas fast as they are used up, itis considered to be aNON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE
1. SoilRenewable <strong>Resources</strong>Leaching: the process of moving the nutrients out ofthe reach of plant roots. (Can harm soil quality).Topsoil: where most of plant <strong>and</strong> animal life is. Plantroots are most abundant in this layer• Bacteria, insects <strong>and</strong> worms break down plant <strong>and</strong>animal material <strong>and</strong> make it into humusSubsoil: The middle layer. The roots of large plantscan pe<strong>net</strong>rate this far.Parent Rock: The minerals in the soil depend on theparent rock that it comes from as well as theclimate that it belongs to.Irrigation: allows water to be artificially supplied tothe l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> allow farms to be created wherethey would not have been possible without it.
Renewable <strong>Resources</strong> Continued2. ForestsProvide habitats <strong>and</strong> useful products such as food,medicines, etc…Deforestation: the destruction or loss of forests for a varietyof reasons such as logging, farml<strong>and</strong>, or fuel.
Renewable <strong>Resources</strong> Continued3. Air <strong>and</strong> <strong>Water</strong>Pollution threatens our air <strong>and</strong> water supply.Some chemicals in air pollution form an acid when theycombine with water vapor in the atmosphere. When itrains, this acid rain can cause damage to ecosystems.
Renewable Energy• Only supplies about 10-12% of U.S. electricity today.Burning organicmaterial made fromplants <strong>and</strong> animalsSolar PanelsUses steam in theearth’s crust togenerate electricityHydropower (dams)Windmills
How are fossil fuels made?Fossil fuels are the remains of long deadcreatures <strong>and</strong> plants.
How is coal made?Coal is formed in a very similar manner. Coal is plant matterthat is put under more pressure than oil.
Nuclear EnergyEnergy from the core of an atom.• Fission: Atoms are split apart. Asthey split, they release energy.• Fusion: Atoms are combined forform a larger atom to releaseenergy.• Uranium is used most often fornuclear energy.• Non-renewable, but it is fairlyabundant.• The Uranium atoms are much easierto split apart.However, nuclear power hasa long life, it can be hard tostore <strong>and</strong> it can bedangerous to have around.
• Many non-renewable resources are running out quickly.• Many renewable resources are being threatened.• Solutions:• Conserve <strong>and</strong> try to find alternateforms of energy• Cut back on the amount of electricityyou use• Cut back on how much water you use• Take shorter showers• <strong>Water</strong> your lawns less• Consider public transportation orbuying a more fuel efficient car• Etc…Conservation
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