Freud_Burlingham_1943_War_and_Children_k_text

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tion of aggression due to the example of destructionin the outside world. The other isthe return to earlier modes of expression foraggressive tendencies. The bigger child thenbecomes as unrestrained in this respect as ithasbeen in its earliest years. Like a small toddlerit will again be loving and affectionate at onemoment, enraged, full of hate and ready tobite and scratch in the next.Its destructive tendencieswill turn equally towards living peopleand towards lifeless objects.TemperTantrumsReturn to infantile behaviour equally concernsthe nature of the child's wishes and tendenciesand the manner in which the childstrives to get satisfaction for them. Babies canonly announce their needs by crying, screamingand kicking;their disposal tothey have no other means atenforce the arrival of the desiredpleasure. Bigger children can understandthe situation with their reason, they canspeak, ask, demand, they can alter their positionby their own volition, can go and get whatthey want, i.e. they can actively bring aboutall sorts of changes in the outward situation.Normally their wishes should also already befelt with less urgency and despair. When achild of three or four sets up a howl becausethe sweets it wants are not forthcoming or be-78
cause a meal is later than its appetite demands,we have a right to feel that it is "childish".The temper tantrums which are so frequentin all the residential war nurseries seem to bethe combined expression ofthe regressive processalong the whole line of educationalachievement. The children throw themselveson the floor, kick with their feet, hammer withtheir fists, scream at the top of their lungs andthen suddenly turn "good" again, peacefullysuck their thumbs or get up as if nothing hadhappened. It means that they have returnedfrom the sensible active attitude possible forthe growing individual tothe helpless and despairingpassivity of their infant stage.Abnormal Withdrawal of theEmotional Interest from theOutside WorldWith our presentexperience we expect thestate of homesickness to last any length oftime from a few hours to several weeks or evena few months. When this period is over thechild finds itself attached to new people in itsnew surroundings. The new ties may be lesssolid and more superficial than the originalones. As already described, the child startsits new relationships on a more primitive level,and some valuable achievements are lost duringthe process of adaptation. But however79
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•?mm
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WAR AND CHILDREN
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COPYRIGHT 194Jy»- ruALL RIGHTS RES
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The Foster Parents' Plan for War Ch
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of children has, therefore, little
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The Nurseries, further, give lodgin
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the significance of air raids. They
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The understanding of catastrophes,
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confused in her mind with the more
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gether in a play-pen will bite each
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fact that the destruction raging in
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them as far as they can understand
Page 32 and 33: fear in this manner and return, app
Page 34 and 35: they knew about its wickedness. It
Page 36 and 37: from danger and put them in surroun
Page 38 and 39: her mother's lack of fearnot develo
Page 40 and 41: dren. We have four examples, where
Page 42 and 43: urged to adapt themselves to a high
Page 44 and 45: oth qualities in the eyes of its ow
Page 46 and 47: misfits.They have in their position
Page 48 and 49: certainly more than the average ine
Page 50 and 51: Development of the Mother-Relations
Page 52 and 53: mother also at times when there is
Page 54 and 55: other people in the world besides i
Page 56 and 57: pleasure and avoid pain and discomf
Page 58 and 59: ooms, the position of the beds and
Page 60 and 61: Both sexes in this manner have thei
Page 62 and 63: only one main punishment for anybod
Page 64 and 65: not develop on quite the same lines
Page 66 and 67: the present. New ties are form Ther
Page 68 and 69: fine or even make a mental picture
Page 70 and 71: urn Road after their houses had bee
Page 72 and 73: i./?being used as bombs. Playing tr
Page 74 and 75: their pets, which they probably wou
Page 76 and 77: finite way of demonstrating the sce
Page 78 and 79: and narcissistic at the beginning o
Page 80 and 81: caused by neglect; it can, on the o
Page 84 and 85: ig or small that loss may be, the f
Page 86 and 87: The second case, Sylvia, three and
Page 88 and 89: the destruction which goes on aroun
Page 90 and 91: with the mother which contains all
Page 92 and 93: esidential homes these should be si
Page 95: The previous part of the book isbas
Page 98 and 99: AllayingFearEven children whose mot
Page 100 and 101: their children. They appreciate eve
Page 102 and 103: street next to the one in which she
Page 104 and 105: This same state of affairs continue
Page 106 and 107: went upstairs or downstairs,Patrick
Page 108 and 109: Blitz in September and October 1940
Page 110 and 111: ing underneath, tried to drop a hea
Page 112 and 113: more than a year her junior.Her lat
Page 114 and 115: whether this was the way in which s
Page 116 and 117: ditions was too short to make up fo
Page 118 and 119: or abnormal outcome seems to be the
Page 120 and 121: somehow included in it and soon bec
Page 122 and 123: een re-opened,excited much comment
Page 124 and 125: with an absent love object. We say
Page 126 and 127: PARENTS AND CHILDRENJune-July 1941S
Page 128 and 129: older children three and four years
Page 130 and 131: denied admission but he waited outs
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In addition to the story, he said h
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1which used to belong to his parent
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porch leading down to terraced lawn
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Peter, whom he had brought from hom
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for them was no shock of any kind.
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and a half years of his life and th
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the children have not been informed
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some patient and careful work tomot
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withheld from the child and that th
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months thi9 was the period I was in
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of our own. This training scheme is
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COOKINGSEWINGTwo courses of two-hou
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tensive Christmas leave. Brenda, se
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mother's relationship remains more
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Ronny, seven years old, who takes v
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The step taken was the subdivision
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to them, reappeared as often as she
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April—July 1942CONFLICTING ATTITU
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y the doubt and worry whether she h
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But even with the best intentions t
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weekly and only a few less often. T
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The same feelings can also be expre
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Her unconscious wish against the ba
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ditions of normal family life. When
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up all precautions, which means tha
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—"Do you remember the first night
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When asked why he worried about thi
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She says: "Teacher says there are a
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away." Which means at this moment h
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parents. All these services were si
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I have seen other nursery schools d
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The mother relationship of the smal
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«MW fee Aarje, keek ms! be krwefc!
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