Freud_Burlingham_1943_War_and_Children_k_text

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fact that the destruction raging in the outerworld may meet the very real aggressivenesswhich rages in the inside of the child. At theage when education should start to deal withthese impulses confirmation should not begiven from the outside world that the sameimpulses are uppermost in other people.Childrenwill play joyfully on bombed sites andaround bomb craters, they will play withblasted bits of furniture and throw bricks fromcrumbled walls at each other. But it becomesimpossible to educate them towards a repressionof, a reaction against destruction whilethey are doing so. After their first years oflife they fight against their own wishes to doaway with people of whom they are jealous,who disturb or disappoint them, or who offendtheir childish feelings in some other way. Itmust be very difficult for them to accomplishthis task of fighting their own death wisheswhen, at the same time, people are killed andhurt every day around them. Children havto be safeguarded against the primitive horror'sof the war, not because horrors and atrocitiesare so strange to them, but because we want{them at this decisive stage of their developmentto overcome and estrange themselvesfrom the primitive and atrocious wishes of {their own infantile nature.r24
FIVE TYPES OF AIR RAID ANXIETYWhat is true about the child's attitude todestruction applies in a certain measure to thesubject of anxiety. Children are, of course,afraid of air raids, but their fear is neither asuniversal nor as overwhelming as has beenexpected. An explanation is required as towhy it is present in some cases, absent inothers, comparatively mild in most and ratherviolent in certain types of children.It will be easier to answer these practicalwe draw on our theoretical knowl-questions ifedge about the motives for fear and anxietyreactions in human beings. We have learnedthat there are three main reasons for thedevelopment of fear reactions:An individual is afraid quite naturally andsensibly when there is some real danger -present in the outside world which threatenseither his safety or his whole existence. Hisfear will be all the greater the more he knowsabout the seriousness of the danger. His fearwill urge him to adopt precautionary measures.Under its influence he will either fight it or ifthat is impossible, try to escape from it. Onlywhen the danger is of overwhelming extentand suddenness will he be shocked and paralysedinto inaction. This so-called "real "a n x i e t y " plays its part in the way in whichchildren are afraid of air raids. They fear25
Page 1 and 2: •?mm
Page 7: WAR AND CHILDREN
Page 10 and 11: COPYRIGHT 194Jy»- ruALL RIGHTS RES
Page 13: The Foster Parents' Plan for War Ch
Page 16 and 17: of children has, therefore, little
Page 18 and 19: The Nurseries, further, give lodgin
Page 20 and 21: the significance of air raids. They
Page 22 and 23: The understanding of catastrophes,
Page 24 and 25: confused in her mind with the more
Page 26 and 27: gether in a play-pen will bite each
Page 30 and 31: them as far as they can understand
Page 32 and 33: fear in this manner and return, app
Page 34 and 35: they knew about its wickedness. It
Page 36 and 37: from danger and put them in surroun
Page 38 and 39: her mother's lack of fearnot develo
Page 40 and 41: dren. We have four examples, where
Page 42 and 43: urged to adapt themselves to a high
Page 44 and 45: oth qualities in the eyes of its ow
Page 46 and 47: misfits.They have in their position
Page 48 and 49: certainly more than the average ine
Page 50 and 51: Development of the Mother-Relations
Page 52 and 53: mother also at times when there is
Page 54 and 55: other people in the world besides i
Page 56 and 57: pleasure and avoid pain and discomf
Page 58 and 59: ooms, the position of the beds and
Page 60 and 61: Both sexes in this manner have thei
Page 62 and 63: only one main punishment for anybod
Page 64 and 65: not develop on quite the same lines
Page 66 and 67: the present. New ties are form Ther
Page 68 and 69: fine or even make a mental picture
Page 70 and 71: urn Road after their houses had bee
Page 72 and 73: i./?being used as bombs. Playing tr
Page 74 and 75: their pets, which they probably wou
Page 76 and 77: finite way of demonstrating the sce
Page 78 and 79:
and narcissistic at the beginning o
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caused by neglect; it can, on the o
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tion of aggression due to the examp
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ig or small that loss may be, the f
Page 86 and 87:
The second case, Sylvia, three and
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the destruction which goes on aroun
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with the mother which contains all
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esidential homes these should be si
Page 95:
The previous part of the book isbas
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AllayingFearEven children whose mot
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their children. They appreciate eve
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street next to the one in which she
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This same state of affairs continue
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went upstairs or downstairs,Patrick
Page 108 and 109:
Blitz in September and October 1940
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ing underneath, tried to drop a hea
Page 112 and 113:
more than a year her junior.Her lat
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whether this was the way in which s
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ditions was too short to make up fo
Page 118 and 119:
or abnormal outcome seems to be the
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somehow included in it and soon bec
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een re-opened,excited much comment
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with an absent love object. We say
Page 126 and 127:
PARENTS AND CHILDRENJune-July 1941S
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older children three and four years
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denied admission but he waited outs
Page 132 and 133:
In addition to the story, he said h
Page 134 and 135:
1which used to belong to his parent
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porch leading down to terraced lawn
Page 138 and 139:
Peter, whom he had brought from hom
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for them was no shock of any kind.
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and a half years of his life and th
Page 144 and 145:
the children have not been informed
Page 146 and 147:
some patient and careful work tomot
Page 148 and 149:
withheld from the child and that th
Page 150 and 151:
months thi9 was the period I was in
Page 152 and 153:
of our own. This training scheme is
Page 154 and 155:
COOKINGSEWINGTwo courses of two-hou
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tensive Christmas leave. Brenda, se
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mother's relationship remains more
Page 160 and 161:
Ronny, seven years old, who takes v
Page 162 and 163:
The step taken was the subdivision
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to them, reappeared as often as she
Page 166 and 167:
April—July 1942CONFLICTING ATTITU
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y the doubt and worry whether she h
Page 170 and 171:
But even with the best intentions t
Page 172 and 173:
weekly and only a few less often. T
Page 174 and 175:
The same feelings can also be expre
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Her unconscious wish against the ba
Page 178 and 179:
ditions of normal family life. When
Page 180 and 181:
up all precautions, which means tha
Page 182 and 183:
—"Do you remember the first night
Page 184 and 185:
When asked why he worried about thi
Page 186 and 187:
She says: "Teacher says there are a
Page 188 and 189:
away." Which means at this moment h
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parents. All these services were si
Page 192 and 193:
I have seen other nursery schools d
Page 194 and 195:
The mother relationship of the smal
Page 200 and 201:
«MW fee Aarje, keek ms! be krwefc!
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