Freud_Burlingham_1943_War_and_Children_k_text

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INTRODUCTIONWork in War Nurseries is based on theidea that the care and education of youngchildren should not take second place in wartimeand should not be reduced to wartimelevel. Adults can live under emergency conditionsand, if necessary, on emergency rations.But the situation in the decisive years of bodilyand mental development is entirely different.It has already been generally recognised, andprovision has been made accordingly, that thelack of essential foods, vitamins, etc., in earlychildhood will cause lasting bodily malformationin later years, even if harmful consequencesare not immediately apparent. It isnot generally recognised that the same istrue for the mental development of the child.Whenever certain essential needs are not fulfilled,lasting psychological malformations willbe the consequence. These essential elementsare: the need for personal attachment, foremotional stability, and for permanency ofeducationalinfluence.War conditions, through the inevitablebreaking-up of family life, deprive children ofthe natural background for their emotional andmental development. The present generation11
Page 1 and 2: •?mm
Page 7: WAR AND CHILDREN
Page 10 and 11: COPYRIGHT 194Jy»- ruALL RIGHTS RES
Page 13: The Foster Parents' Plan for War Ch
Page 17 and 18: emnants of family attachments so fa
Page 19 and 20: SURVEY OFPSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONSAll
Page 21 and 22: Children are similarly ready to tak
Page 23 and 24: London is all bombed and gone, and
Page 25 and 26: odily injuries in air raids though,
Page 27 and 28: They are usually first restricted,
Page 29 and 30: FIVE TYPES OF AIR RAID ANXIETYWhat
Page 31 and 32: ond, until she at last said in an a
Page 33 and 34: one girl of another age group, ten
Page 35 and 36: thunder and lightning. Hitler and G
Page 37 and 38: manner in which the London populati
Page 39 and 40: flat had been bombed and they had b
Page 41 and 42: anxiety. It is, above everything el
Page 43 and 44: forced to live in poor and dingy su
Page 45 and 46: failure of billeting mothers on hou
Page 47 and 48: heard about them. "Billeting-failur
Page 49 and 50: It is difficult to realise that all
Page 51 and 52: Babies of this age who are left wit
Page 53 and 54: But at this period of separation it
Page 55 and 56: strangers. The children cling to so
Page 57 and 58: of being held, and probably add to
Page 59 and 60: can be derived from memories, and h
Page 61 and 62: they do. When it is naturally cruel
Page 63 and 64: naturalpain of separation into an i
Page 65 and 66:
cause of the inner situation descri
Page 67 and 68:
cause of th 'e months every visit o
Page 69 and 70:
ustness of children, on the other h
Page 71 and 72:
and I were under the table and my p
Page 73 and 74:
the other children's game any numbe
Page 75 and 76:
With Bertie, four years old, for in
Page 77 and 78:
*\0 u 1 1 e t in PhantasyAs has alr
Page 79 and 80:
\5 B c d WettingWhenever training i
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especially is very much in evidence
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cause a meal is later than its appe
Page 85 and 86:
meantime he had developed bed wetti
Page 87 and 88:
ents' home where she is now sent re
Page 89 and 90:
the mother were known to the child
Page 91 and 92:
spend their days while they still l
Page 93:
REPORTS
Page 97 and 98:
January-February, 1941HAMPSTEAD NUR
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"You would have to drop a bomb down
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Marchi'HlTHE SHOCK OF SEPARATIONLif
Page 103 and 104:
PatrickPatrick, a boy of three year
Page 105 and 106:
would not stop when he was dressing
Page 107 and 108:
has at some former time been employ
Page 109 and 110:
Pamela woke up as usual and asked t
Page 111 and 112:
came and went. Lately, she had been
Page 113 and 114:
our house, at least for the few wee
Page 115 and 116:
to at the moment, for the sake of o
Page 117 and 118:
Christine, on the other hand was br
Page 119 and 120:
noticed that the neighbouring house
Page 121 and 122:
When caught and brought back, Pamel
Page 123 and 124:
fear. That the bomb meant real dang
Page 125 and 126:
death of the father or mother small
Page 127 and 128:
mother's state of health. He can no
Page 129 and 130:
plete breakdown and had been commit
Page 131 and 132:
When theunexploded bomb was lying n
Page 133 and 134:
pJetely after two days. What remain
Page 135 and 136:
them cows or horses, these two anim
Page 137 and 138:
another but changed her attachments
Page 139 and 140:
the Nursery with a very charming li
Page 141 and 142:
—of bombing makes itself heard in
Page 143 and 144:
—had never come back again.The ev
Page 145 and 146:
mother into the triumphant statemen
Page 147 and 148:
fidence in her own actions in that
Page 149 and 150:
the child had had all by himself du
Page 151 and 152:
other one, however, she wrote me a
Page 153 and 154:
The following is the time table of
Page 155 and 156:
Christmas.In many cases these hopes
Page 157 and 158:
Michael, two years and one month ol
Page 159 and 160:
idealised. Their letters are carrie
Page 161 and 162:
in a decisive way. Since these chil
Page 163 and 164:
the violent attachment to the mothe
Page 165 and 166:
for the relationship of the childre
Page 167 and 168:
conscious wishes for the safety of
Page 169 and 170:
ly she will acquire a new conflict:
Page 171 and 172:
ents is fully conscious. The mother
Page 173 and 174:
the mother's attention. There is no
Page 175 and 176:
twelve days old. At first she visit
Page 177 and 178:
SummaryObservations of this kind ma
Page 179 and 180:
are supposed to return home at the
Page 181 and 182:
alarm was given in the lastplained
Page 183 and 184:
omber had, in her conception, behav
Page 185 and 186:
Mary, ten years old, the eldest gir
Page 187 and 188:
The same question of responsibility
Page 189 and 190:
CONCLUSIONSWhy are wartime nurserie
Page 191 and 192:
—lessen the shock of the breaking
Page 193 and 194:
ter all, the children could not hav
Page 195:
development in two main respects: O
Page 201:
,1II| ,II['I 1IIII'i'i l|I||III|IUN
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