Dr. Stafford Tick Management Handbook - Newtown, CT
Dr. Stafford Tick Management Handbook - Newtown, CT
Dr. Stafford Tick Management Handbook - Newtown, CT
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<strong>Stafford</strong>The Connecticut Agricultural Experimentation Station<strong>Tick</strong>s: the foulest and nastiest creatures that be. Pliny the Elder, 23-79 A.D.<strong>Tick</strong>s of the Northeastern United States<strong>Tick</strong>s are not insects but are arthropods more closely related to mites, spiders, scorpions, andharvestmen. There are about 80 species of ticks in the United States (~ 865 species worldwide).However, only about 12 or so in the U.S. are of major public health or veterinary importance witha few others that occasionally attack humans. The ticks discussed in this handbook belong to thefamily Ixodidae or hard ticks. The principal hard ticks recovered from humans in the mid-Atlanticand northeastern United States are the blacklegged (i.e., deer) tick, Ixodes scapularis, the Americandog tick, Dermacentor variabilis, and the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum. Other tickspecies recorded as feeding on humans in the eastern U.S. include Ixodes cookei, Ixodes dentatus,and the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. The Argasidae or soft ticks form the other majorgroup of ticks. Soft ticks are generally nest inhabitants that are associated with rodents, birds, orbats. Several species of soft ticks attack humans and can transmit disease organisms, mainly inwestern states, but are not the focus of this handbook. One species, Carios (Ornithodoros) kelleyi, abat tick, has been recovered from states in the northeast, including Connecticut.Table 1. Important ticks of the northeastern states and some other major ticks of medicalimportance in the United States.<strong>Tick</strong> Common name General DistributionHard <strong>Tick</strong>sIxodes scapularis Blacklegged tick Northeastern, southeastern & mid-western U.S.Ixodes pacificus Western blacklegged tick Paci. c coast & parts Nevada, Arizona, UtahIxodes cookei A woodchuck tick Eastern United States & northeast CanadaIxodes dentatus A rabbit tick Eastern United StatesAmblyomma americanum Lone star tick Southeastern U.S., Texas to S. New EnglandDermacentor variabilis American dog tick Eastern U.S. & parts of the west coastDermacentor andersoni Rocky Mountain wood tick Rocky Mountain states south to NM & AZDermacentor albipictus Winter tick Canada, United States south to Central AmericaDermacentor occidentalis Paci. c coast tick California, Oregon, northern Baja peninsulaRhipicephalus sanguineus Brown dog tick All U.S. and worldwideSoft <strong>Tick</strong>sOrnithodoros species ticks Relapsing fever ticks Western United StatesCarios kelleyi A bat tick A bat tickScientific Names and a Few TermsThe scienti. c name of ticks, like other organisms, is given in two parts: genus (capitalized, oftenabbreviated by the . rst letter, e.g. I. scapularis) and species (not capitalized) sometimes followed bythe name of the person who described the organism (given in parenthesis if the genus name is laterchanged). The name Linneaus is abbreviated L. Common names like deer tick can vary regionallyand some organisms may have no common name. The common names used in this guide followthose of. cially recognized by scienti. c societies. Several terms are used to de. ne the cycles ofanimal, tick and pathogen.Bulletin No. 1010 3