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of Paths into P path and P place is syntactically and morphologically grounded crosslinguistically.It has also received support in the compositional semantics literature (Zwarts (2005)and Zwarts and Winter (2000)): paths are systematically constructed from place denotationsin a compositional fashion. Within this system, it can be shown that Paths themselves caneither be bounded (noncumulative) or unbounded (cumulative) (Zwarts (2005)), but alwaysembed a P place P. The Path heads assumed in this system can be (at least) to, from andvia (according to Svenonius (2010)).Diagnosing Substructure in PP paths: Classically then, all paths, both bounded andunbounded contain a P place P at the base of the projection. But do we really have evidencethat Through paths headed by prepositions like English through contain P place P substructure?I show that if one systematically applies the `Again'-Test to the prepositional domain,we get a split that parallels the result verb/non-result verb split in the verbal domain.2. (a) John pushed the cart into the woods again (repetitive/restitutive)(b) John pushed the cart through the garden again (repetitive)Thus, in addition to the P path combining with P place P to create a derived Path based ona location, we should also allow P path to combine directly with a DP, on analogy with theverbal domain. In the VP case, particularly salient is the parallel to creation/consumptionverbs, where dynamic verb and DP `Path' combine under homomorphism, and where thepath of change is mapped to the DP's material part-whole structure. Similarly, P path in athrough PP creates a predication of ordered locations from the internal part-whole structureof its DP complement. In this paper, I show with a series of novel tests applied to PPs thata structural distinction needs to be made between so-called to-paths which genuinely dohave resultative substructure, and via paths which do not. From-paths will be argued tocontain resultative substructure in addition to reversative semantics.Combinability and Commensurability. In the second part of the paper, I show systematiceects of matching and composition when elements of P and V are combined, not just inV -PP combinations but also in particle constructions, arguing that the scales involved aresyntactically commensurate. Moreover, I argue that a simpler mapping between syntax andsemantics is achieved if the syntactic decompositional ingredients of the P and V categoriesare made more parallel. Thus, the version of PP structure I propose will be a slight departurefrom the strict templaticity of earlier decompositions of P in the literature, but one that ismore sensitive to the linguistic diagnostics for predicational substructure, bringing togetherverbal and prepositional decompositional criteria for the rst time.Consequences for Cartography and Grammatical Architecture. Finally, I turn tothe case of scalar structure in Adjectives. This is an important part of the argument becausesemantic parallelism per se does not require true syntactic commensurability. Using the samestrict testing standards on adjectives and verbs, I show that there is no compelling evidencethat adjectival scales and scales of change are directly commensurable: boundedness entailmentsdo not go through in general (despite recent prominent claims in the literature to thecontrary Hay et al. 1999, Wechsler 2005), and direct modication is impossible. The conclusionwill be that either the decomposition of A into general path structure is not motivatedin the syntax at all, or that one has to argue that it is strictly encapsulated. The linguisticevidence regarding P and V is importantly dierent in the regard. The decomposed pathstructure of V and P, and the parallelism in their cartographies is a robust and excitingresult, with deeper consequences for the notion of category.2
ReferencesBeavers, John. 2005. Scalar complexity and the structure of events. Ms., Stanford University.Beck, Sigrid and Kyle Johnson. 2002. Double objects again. Linguistic Inquiry 35: 97123.den Dikken, Marcel. 2009. On the functional structure of locative and directional pps. In The Cartographyof Prepositional Phrases, edited by G. Cinque and L. Rizzi. Oxford University Press, Oxford/New York.Hay, Jennifer, Christopher Kennedy, and Beth Levin. 1999. Scalar structure underlies telicity in DegreeAchievements. In Proceedings of SALT IX , edited by Tanya Matthews and Devon Strolovitch, pp. 127144. CLC Publications, Ithaca, NY.Kennedy, Chris. 1999. Gradable adjectives denote measure functions, not partial functions. Studies in theLinguistic Sciences 29.1.Kennedy, Christopher and Louse McNally. 2005. Scale structure and the semantic typology of gradablepredicates. Language 81:2.Koopman, Hilda. 2000. Prepositions, postpositions, circumpositions, and particles. In The Syntax of Speci-ers and Heads, edited by Hilda Koopman, pp. 204260. Routledge, London.Kracht, Marcus. 2002. On the semantics of locatives. Linguistics and Philosophy 25: 157232.Krifka, Manfred. 1989. Nominal reference and temporal constitution and quantication in event semantics.In Semantics and Contextual Expression, edited by P. van Emde Boas R. Bartsch, J. van Bentham, pp.75115. Forsi, Dordrecht.Krifka, Manfred. 1992. Thematic relations and links between nominal reference and temporal constitution.In Lexical Matters, edited by Ivan A. Sag and Anna Szabolcsi, pp. 2953. CSLI, Stanford, Ca.Rappaport-Hovav, Malka and Beth Levin. 2008. Reections on manner/result complementarity. In Syntax,Lexical Semantics and Event Structure, edited by Edit Doron Malka Rappaport-Hovav and Ivy Sichel,pp. 2137. Oxford University Press.van Riemsdijk, Henk. 1990. Functional prepositions. In Unity in Diversity, edited by H. Pinkster andI. GenÈe, pp. 229241. Foris, Dordrecht.Svenonius, Peter. 2010. Spatial P in English. In The Cartography of Syntactic Structures , edited by GuglielmoCinque and Luigi Rizzi, vol. 6, Mapping Spatial PPs. Oxford University Press.Wechsler, Stephen. 2005. Resultatives under the `event-argument homomorphism' model of telicity. In TheSyntax of Aspect, edited by N. Erteschik-Shir and T. Rappoport. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Zwarts, Joost. 2005. Prepositional aspect and the algebra of paths. To appear, Linguistics and Philosophy.Zwarts, Joost. 2006. Event shape: Paths in the semantics of verbs. Ms.Zwarts, Joost and Yoad Winter. 2000. Vector space semantics: A model-theoretic analysis of locativeprepositions. Journal of Logic, Language, and Information 9: 169211.3
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GLOW Newsletter #70, Spring 2013Edi
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INTRODUCTIONWelcome to the 70 th GL
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Welcome to GLOW 36, Lund!The 36th G
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REIMBURSEMENT AND WAIVERSThe regist
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STATISTICS BY COUNTRYCountry Author
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15:45-16:00 Coffee break16:00-17:00
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14:00-15:00 Adam Albright (MIT) and
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17:00-17:30 Anna Maria Di Sciullo (
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16.10-16.50 Peter Svenonius (Univer
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GLOW 36 WORKSHOP PROGRAM IV:Acquisi
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The impossible chaos: When the mind
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17. Friederici, A. D., Trends Cogn.
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Second, tests replicated from Bruen
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clusters is reported to be preferre
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occur (cf. figure 1). Similar perfo
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argument that raises to pre-verbal
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Timothy Bazalgette University of
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. I hurt not this knee now (Emma 2;
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Rajesh Bhatt & Stefan Keine(Univers
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SIZE MATTERS: ON DIACHRONIC STABILI
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ON THE ‘MAFIOSO EFFECT’ IN GRAM
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The absence of coreferential subjec
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PROSPECTS FOR A COMPARATIVE BIOLING
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A multi-step algorithm for serial o
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Velar/coronal asymmetry in phonemic
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On the bilingual acquisition of Ita
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Hierarchy and Recursion in the Brai
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Colorful spleeny ideas speak furiou
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A neoparametric approach to variati
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Lexical items merged in functional
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Setting the elements of syntactic v
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Language Faculty, Complexity Reduct
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Don’t scope your universal quanti
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Restricting language change through
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4. Conclusion This micro-comparativ
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2. Central Algonquian feature hiera
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availability of the SR reading in (
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Repairing Final-Over-Final Constrai
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a PF interface phenomenon as propos
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(b) Once the learner has determined
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cognitive recursion (including Merg
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can be null, or lexically realized,
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feature on C and applies after Agre
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Nobu Goto (Mie University)Deletion
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Structural Asymmetries - The View f
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FROM INFANT POINTING TO THE PHASE:
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Some Maladaptive Traits of Natural
Page 96 and 97: Constraints on Concept FormationDan
Page 98 and 99: More on strategies of relativizatio
Page 100 and 101: ReferencesBayer, J. 1984. COMP in B
Page 102 and 103: Improper movement and improper agre
Page 104 and 105: Importantly, while there are plausi
Page 106 and 107: This hypothesis makes two predictio
Page 108 and 109: (3) a. Það finnst alltaf þremur
Page 110 and 111: (2) Watashi-wa hudan hougaku -wa /*
Page 112 and 113: However when the VP (or IP) is elid
Page 114 and 115: More specifically, this work reflec
Page 116 and 117: modality, or ii) see phonology as m
Page 118 and 119: (I) FWHA The wh-word shenme ‘what
Page 120 and 121: 1The historical reality of biolingu
Page 122 and 123: Rita Manzini, FirenzeVariation and
Page 124 and 125: Non-counterfactual past subjunctive
Page 126 and 127: THE GRAMMAR OF THE ESSENTIAL INDEXI
Page 128 and 129: Motivating head movement: The case
Page 130 and 131: Limits on Noun-suppletionBeata Mosk
Page 132 and 133: Unbounded Successive-Cyclic Rightwa
Page 134 and 135: Same, different, other, and the his
Page 136 and 137: Selectivity in L3 transfer: effects
Page 138 and 139: Anaphoric dependencies in real time
Page 140 and 141: Constraining Local Dislocation dial
Page 142 and 143: A Dual-Source Analysis of GappingDa
Page 144 and 145: [9] S. Repp. ¬ (A& B). Gapping, ne
Page 148 and 149: Deriving the Functional HierarchyGi
Page 150 and 151: Reflexivity without reflexivesEric
Page 152 and 153: Reuland, E. (2001). Primitives of b
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Page 156 and 157: Merge when applied to the SM interf
Page 158 and 159: 1 SachsThe Semantics of Hindi Multi
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Page 168 and 169: follow Harris in assuming a ranked
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Page 172 and 173: Sam Steddy, steddy@mit.eduMore irre
Page 174 and 175: Fleshing out this model further, I
Page 176 and 177: (5) Raman i [ CP taan {i,∗j}Raman
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Page 180 and 181: econstruct to position A then we ca
Page 182 and 183: (5) Kutik=i ez guret-a.dog=OBL.M 1S
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the key factors. The combination of
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Parasitic Gaps Licensed by Elided S
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Stages of grammaticalization of the
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