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(I) FWHA The wh-word shenme ‘what’ in (2b) denotes a set of non-human individuals (4a).The wh-word and the verb mai ‘buy’ are composed in a pointwise manner (Rooth 1996,Kratzer & Shimoyama 2002), and form a set of properties (4b). Also in the pointwise manner,the focus particle zhi ‘only’ is applied to each member of (4b), forming another set (4c).(4) a. [[shenme ‘what’]] O = {books, vegetables …}b. [[mai shenme ‘buy what’]] O = {y buys books, y buys vegetables …}c. [[zhi mai shenme ‘only buy what’]] O = {only(y buys books), only(y buys vegetables)..}In (4c), zhi is associated with each member of the set (4b) and its semantics is computed asfollows: for “only(y buys books)”, the individual property “y buys books” provides theO-value for “only”, while the whole set in (4b) provides the F-value for “only”. In this way,(4c) can be represented as (5). Finally, the subject Libai in (2b) is applied, forming a set ofpropositions, which is equivalent to the semantics of (2b).(5) λy.∀p∈{y buys books, y buys vegetables …} & p = 1 p = y buys booksλy.∀p∈{y buys books, y buys vegetables …} & p = 1 p = y buys vegetables …(II) FIEs As shown in (6), the O-value of IP3 in (1) is a set of propositions through expansionof the set denoted by the wh-word. Suppose (7a) represents the F-value of the focusedconstituent Libai. Then, (7b) represents the F-value of IP3, which is a set of sets ofpropositions.(6) [[IP3]] O = {Libai buys books, Libai buys vegetables …}(7) a. [[Libai]] F = {Libai, Wangwei …}b. [[IP3]] F = {Libai buys books, Libai buys vegetables …},{Wangwei buys books, Wangwei buys vegetables …}, …Since the focus particle zhiyou ‘only’ is associated with Libai rather than the wh-word, it musttake (6) and (7b) as arguments, yielding (8).(8) ∀p∈ [[IP3]] F & p =1 p =[[IP3]] OHere, “p = [[IP3]] O ” indicates that “p” does not denote a single proposition (see (6)),incongruent with “p =1”. Therefore, (8) is uninterpretable.5 Stressed focus In my account, FIEs are due to the failure of the application of focusparticles, but not directly related to ~Op. It predicts that ~Op alone does not trigger FIEs. Theprediction is verified by the fact that FIEs do not occur when wh-words are preceded bystressed foci without focus particles, as exemplified by (9B) in the dialog (9).(9) A: Wo zhidao Libai jian-guo shei. B: Na WANGWEI jian-guo shei?I know Libai see-Asp who then Wangwei see-Asp who‘I know who Libai saw.’ ‘Then, who did WANGWEI see?’According to Kadmon (2001) and Eckardt (2006), the F-value of the wh-question in (9B) is aset of questions (10a), and its O-value is (10b). Now, ~Op is applied to interpret the focusfeature of the stressed focus. According to Rooth (1992), ~Op introduces to the logical formof (9B) a set C (10c) defined in the context, and it requires the set be a subset of the F-valueof (9B) and contain the O-value of (9B). Obviously, the requirement is satisfied.(10) a. [[(9B)]] F = {who did Wangwei see, who did Libai see, …}b. [[(9B)]] O = {who did Wangwei see}c. C = {who did Wangwei see, who did Libai see}6 Summary Empirically, this study shows that FWHA is possible in natural languages. Thishas the effect of calling into question the lines of research initiated by Beck (2006) whichpredict that FWHA is impossible. We further argue that the culprit of FIEs is not ~Op, but afocus particle which intervenes between a wh-word and Q-Op without undergoing FWHA.Theoretically, we offer an alternative semantic formulation of FIEs which captures thisgeneralization.Selected references Aoun, J. and A. Li. 1993a. Wh-elements in situ: Syntax or LF? Linguistic Inquiry 24.
Beck, S. 2006. Intervention effects follow from focus interpretation. Natural Language Semantics 14.Eckardt, R. 2007. Inherent focus on wh-phrases. Semantics Archive. Hamblin, C. L. 1973. Questions inMontague English. Foundations of Languages 10. Rooth, M. 1992. A theory of focus interpretation.Natural Language Semantics 1.
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GLOW Newsletter #70, Spring 2013Edi
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INTRODUCTIONWelcome to the 70 th GL
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Welcome to GLOW 36, Lund!The 36th G
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REIMBURSEMENT AND WAIVERSThe regist
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STATISTICS BY COUNTRYCountry Author
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15:45-16:00 Coffee break16:00-17:00
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14:00-15:00 Adam Albright (MIT) and
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17:00-17:30 Anna Maria Di Sciullo (
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16.10-16.50 Peter Svenonius (Univer
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GLOW 36 WORKSHOP PROGRAM IV:Acquisi
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The impossible chaos: When the mind
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17. Friederici, A. D., Trends Cogn.
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Second, tests replicated from Bruen
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clusters is reported to be preferre
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occur (cf. figure 1). Similar perfo
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argument that raises to pre-verbal
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Timothy Bazalgette University of
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. I hurt not this knee now (Emma 2;
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Rajesh Bhatt & Stefan Keine(Univers
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SIZE MATTERS: ON DIACHRONIC STABILI
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ON THE ‘MAFIOSO EFFECT’ IN GRAM
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The absence of coreferential subjec
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PROSPECTS FOR A COMPARATIVE BIOLING
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A multi-step algorithm for serial o
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Velar/coronal asymmetry in phonemic
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On the bilingual acquisition of Ita
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Hierarchy and Recursion in the Brai
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Colorful spleeny ideas speak furiou
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A neoparametric approach to variati
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Lexical items merged in functional
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Setting the elements of syntactic v
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Language Faculty, Complexity Reduct
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Don’t scope your universal quanti
Page 68 and 69: Restricting language change through
Page 70 and 71: 4. Conclusion This micro-comparativ
Page 72 and 73: 2. Central Algonquian feature hiera
Page 74 and 75: availability of the SR reading in (
Page 76 and 77: Repairing Final-Over-Final Constrai
Page 78 and 79: a PF interface phenomenon as propos
Page 80 and 81: (b) Once the learner has determined
Page 82 and 83: cognitive recursion (including Merg
Page 84 and 85: can be null, or lexically realized,
Page 86 and 87: feature on C and applies after Agre
Page 88 and 89: Nobu Goto (Mie University)Deletion
Page 90 and 91: Structural Asymmetries - The View f
Page 92 and 93: FROM INFANT POINTING TO THE PHASE:
Page 94 and 95: Some Maladaptive Traits of Natural
Page 96 and 97: Constraints on Concept FormationDan
Page 98 and 99: More on strategies of relativizatio
Page 100 and 101: ReferencesBayer, J. 1984. COMP in B
Page 102 and 103: Improper movement and improper agre
Page 104 and 105: Importantly, while there are plausi
Page 106 and 107: This hypothesis makes two predictio
Page 108 and 109: (3) a. Það finnst alltaf þremur
Page 110 and 111: (2) Watashi-wa hudan hougaku -wa /*
Page 112 and 113: However when the VP (or IP) is elid
Page 114 and 115: More specifically, this work reflec
Page 116 and 117: modality, or ii) see phonology as m
Page 120 and 121: 1The historical reality of biolingu
Page 122 and 123: Rita Manzini, FirenzeVariation and
Page 124 and 125: Non-counterfactual past subjunctive
Page 126 and 127: THE GRAMMAR OF THE ESSENTIAL INDEXI
Page 128 and 129: Motivating head movement: The case
Page 130 and 131: Limits on Noun-suppletionBeata Mosk
Page 132 and 133: Unbounded Successive-Cyclic Rightwa
Page 134 and 135: Same, different, other, and the his
Page 136 and 137: Selectivity in L3 transfer: effects
Page 138 and 139: Anaphoric dependencies in real time
Page 140 and 141: Constraining Local Dislocation dial
Page 142 and 143: A Dual-Source Analysis of GappingDa
Page 144 and 145: [9] S. Repp. ¬ (A& B). Gapping, ne
Page 146 and 147: of Paths into P path and P place is
Page 148 and 149: Deriving the Functional HierarchyGi
Page 150 and 151: Reflexivity without reflexivesEric
Page 152 and 153: Reuland, E. (2001). Primitives of b
Page 154 and 155: on v, one associated with uϕ and t
Page 156 and 157: Merge when applied to the SM interf
Page 158 and 159: 1 SachsThe Semantics of Hindi Multi
Page 160 and 161: Covert without overt: QR for moveme
Page 162 and 163: Morpho-syntactic transfer in L3 acq
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follow Harris in assuming a ranked
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changing instances of nodes 7 and 8
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Sam Steddy, steddy@mit.eduMore irre
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Fleshing out this model further, I
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(5) Raman i [ CP taan {i,∗j}Raman
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properties with Appl (introduces an
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econstruct to position A then we ca
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(5) Kutik=i ez guret-a.dog=OBL.M 1S
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sults summarized in (2) suggest tha
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Building on Bhatt’s (2005) analys
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Underlying (derived from ON) /pp, t
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out, as shown in (3) (that the DP i
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Word order and definiteness in the
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Visser’s Generalization and the c
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the key factors. The combination of
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Parasitic Gaps Licensed by Elided S
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Stages of grammaticalization of the
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