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a) Greater Vancouver Regional District Employees’ Union v.Greater Vancouver Regional District .....................................................159b) Assn. of Justices of the Peace of Ontario v.Ontario (Attorney General) ....................................................................164c) CKY-TV v. Communications, Energy and PaperworkersUnion of Canada, Local 816..................................................................167d) Bell v. Canada (Canadian Human Rights Commission);Cooper v. Canada (Canadian Human Rights Commission) .................174C. Is Paragraph 15(1)(c) of the CHRA Justifiable Under Section 1 of theCharter? ...............................................................................................................186i) The Section 1 Analytical Framework..........................................................187ii) What are the Objectives of Paragraph 15(1)(c) of the CHRA? ..................195iii) Are the Objectives of Paragraph 15(1)(c) of the CHRAPressing and Substantial?.............................................................................197iv) The Proportionality Component of the Oakes Test ...................................205v) Rational Connection ....................................................................................208vi) Minimal Impairment....................................................................................2182011 FC 120 (CanLII)a) The Applicable Legal Principles............................................................219b) The Tribunal’s Findings with Respect to Minimal Impairment ..........226c) Air Canada and ACPA’s Arguments with Respect to MinimalImpairment ............................................................................................227d) The Expert Evidence ............................................................................ 234e) The Application of the Minimal Impairment Test ..............................281f) Conclusion on the Minimal Impairment Issue .....................................323vii) Proportionality between the Effects of the Legislationand its Objectives ........................................................................................327viii) Conclusion on the Charter Issue ................................................................350IX. Is Age a Bona Fide Occupational Requirement for Air Canada Pilots? .................352A. Legal Principles Governing Bona Fide Occupational Requirements................353B. The Tribunal’s Decision ......................................................................................359C. The Significance of the ICAO Standards............................................................377D. Timing and the Duty to Accommodate...............................................................381E. Factors to Consider in Relation to the Issue of Accommodation ......................386F. Accommodation in the Pre-November 2006 Period ..........................................405i) The Accommodation of Mr. Vilven in the Pre-November 2006 Period......408ii) The Accommodation of Mr. Kelly in the Pre-November 2006 Period .......415
G. Accommodation in the Post-November 2006 Period.........................................429i) The Tribunal’s Treatment of Captain Duke’s Evidence...............................431ii) The Tribunal’s Finding Regarding the First Two Elements of theMeiorin Test ...................................................................................................466X. Remedy .......................................................................................................................472XI. Conclusion ..................................................................................................................490XII. Costs............................................................................................................................4932011 FC 120 (CanLII)
Page 1 and 2: Federal CourtCour fédéraleOttawa,
Page 3: TABLE OF CONTENTSPARA.I. Introducti
Page 7 and 8: Page: 2[5] Also at issue in Air Can
Page 9 and 10: Page: 4[13] Based upon his years of
Page 11 and 12: Page: 6[22] Both complaints were re
Page 13 and 14: Page: 8Tribunal’s decision as it
Page 15 and 16: Page: 10[37] The Tribunal observed
Page 17 and 18: Page: 12VII.Standard of Review[45]
Page 19 and 20: Page: 14[53] There is also no dispu
Page 21 and 22: Page: 16the Charter. By failing to
Page 23 and 24: Page: 18impaired the relevant right
Page 25 and 26: Page: 20workers were compensated fo
Page 27 and 28: Page: 22The Supreme Court found tha
Page 29 and 30: Page: 24[93] With this in mind, Jus
Page 31 and 32: Page: 26[100] Our legal system oper
Page 33 and 34: Page: 28observed in her dissenting
Page 35 and 36: Page: 30[116] Further, as I observe
Page 37 and 38: Page: 32[124] There is a further co
Page 39 and 40: Page: 34[132] However, as the Ontar
Page 41 and 42: Page: 36[139] Where earlier Supreme
Page 43 and 44: Page: 38[148] There have been devel
Page 45 and 46: Page: 40[156] These circumstances f
Page 47 and 48: Page: 42have abolished mandatory re
Page 49 and 50: Page: 44[170] The arbitrator’s se
Page 51 and 52: Page: 46[178] As noted earlier, the
Page 53 and 54: Page: 48i) The Section 1 Analytical
Page 55 and 56:
Page: 50requires a consideration of
Page 57 and 58:
Page: 52[198] The Tribunal further
Page 59 and 60:
Page: 54[206] At this stage of the
Page 61 and 62:
Page: 56retirement to be imposed up
Page 63 and 64:
Page: 58[221] As the Supreme Court
Page 65 and 66:
Page: 60legislatures have struck a
Page 67 and 68:
Page: 62[236] Air Canada’s expert
Page 69 and 70:
Page: 64question the assumption und
Page 71 and 72:
Page: 66[251] Dr. Kesselman confirm
Page 73 and 74:
Page: 68choose to continue working.
Page 75 and 76:
Page: 70[267] However, Dr. Kesselma
Page 77 and 78:
Page: 72need the money. Those who w
Page 79 and 80:
Page: 74[283] While Chief Justice M
Page 81 and 82:
Page: 76for the accommodation of th
Page 83 and 84:
Page: 78requirements. As a conseque
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Page: 80Gunderson and Pesando entit
Page 87 and 88:
Page: 82employment arrangements inv
Page 89 and 90:
Page: 84assisted employers in manag
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Page: 8615(1)(c) of the CHRA and th
Page 93 and 94:
Page: 88[334] The Tribunal rejected
Page 95 and 96:
Page: 90[343] Indeed, the majority
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Page: 92[351] For the reasons given
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Page: 94[358] As to the scope of th
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Page: 962006. Six Sigma is a busine
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Page: 98[376] The Tribunal also fou
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Page: 100agreement would affect oth
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Page: 102[392] It is true that the
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Page: 104[400] That is, while the q
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Page: 106ICAO standards. Air Canada
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Page: 108ii)The Accommodation of Mr
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Page: 110[424] The evidence before
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Page: 112company about three months
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Page: 114[441] The major focus of C
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Page: 116[450] For example, Captain
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Page: 118Duke explained why a sched
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Page: 120ii)The Tribunal’s Findin
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Page: 122[474] Messrs. Vilven and K
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Page: 124[482] I have concluded tha
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Page: 126memorandum of fact and law
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Page: 128JUDGMENTTHIS COURT ORDERS
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Page: 2agreement relate to the indi
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FEDERAL COURTSOLICITORS OF RECORDDO
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COURT OF APPEAL FOR BRITISH COLUMBI
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Health Sciences Assoc. of B.C. v. C
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Date: July 9, 2004File: 348Indexed
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[7] Myert contracts with provincial
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- Proportional client case manageme
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scrutinizing closely, the contract
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[29] Two New Moons fell on work day
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and based on the last paragraph of
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I understand that I am still in my
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terminate his employment due to his
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searches in December 2002, which wa
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[65] I find that Mr. Derksen has es
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[71] Finally, I cannot find that My
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complainant as a result of contrave
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Other Orders[84] Mr. Derksen seeks
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Canadian HumanRights TribunalTribun
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I. COMPLAINT[1] This complaint aros
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3[12] Previous to the hearing, the
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5[22] Jason also worked regularly s
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7III.RESPONDENT’S OPERATIONS[33]
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9building on the air field where sm
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11consideration of the nature of
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13been described by her then superi
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15c) The bulk of employees in the C
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17b) “In addition to programming
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19V. COMPLAINANT’S CASEA. Evidenc
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21Hence, while the Respondent is pr
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23Ms. Gerstl, and would not allow h
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25[109] Under cross-examination, Ms
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27[120] Mr. Star also testified to
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29[129] Mr. Star confirmed that at
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31shifts as of right when her circu
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33[149] There has been a phenomenal
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35- workers are less engaged with l
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37worker’s sense of control and h
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39[178] Complainant’s counsel cha
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41have also increased for families.
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43referral, hiring, promotion, trai
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45[210] The interpretation that ‘
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47[219] This Tribunal does not find
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49[230] Both parties rely on their
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51not discrimination found in any g
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53VI.RESPONDENT’S CASEA. Evidence
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55approximately 14 weeks. There is
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57[270] When asked under cross-exam
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59[281] However, Mr. Sheridan ackno
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61[293] Mr. Sheridan responded that
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63[299] There was no one called as
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6515 people at any given time, or 4
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67[324] CBSA’s approach upon rece
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69[335] The one question relied upo
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71the U.S. So, whereas in the U.S.
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73could accommodate Ms. Johnstone
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75b) Ms. Johnstone has demonstrated
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77contributions as a full-time empl
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79[385] However, by a decision rend
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CANADIAN HUMAN RIGHTS TRIBUNALPARTI
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INTRODUCTION[1] Raymond Jones is on
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eligious requirements by scheduling
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[18] In the last couple of years, t
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Bible-trained conscience would be i
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Did the Respondents refuse to conti
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further, there is nothing to sugges
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[47] Section 37(2)(d)(ii) of the Co
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first year at Menzies he received n
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• That the Respondents Cornelius
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INTRODUCTION[1] Darshan Pannu works
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[9] For their part, Skeena and the
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elevated hydrogen sulfide concentra
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[27] As a result of complaints by a
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[37] However, his back condition di
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[45] Mr. Pannu alleges that Skeena
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(2) Protective respiratory equipmen
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condition can drive safely. That is
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emergency procedure that the Compla
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[75] I can see no justification for
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tacitly approved a less than accept
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would impose some cost on Skeena. I
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time and because those people are l
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[104] The evidence before me establ
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[110] Since Skeena has established
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPageI. INTRODUCTIO
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2A. The Facts(i)The Canadian Nation
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4CMC. Ms. Storms occupied that posi
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6[26] The work schedule of a Conduc
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8It is this provision that allows C
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10[44] Because she was hired after
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12[54] Ms. Storms also testified th
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14[64] She also testified that CN c
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16not have to cover the shortage in
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18November 13 th , he started train
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20Tribunal to identify any legislat
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22accurate” and she added that
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24[101] There was no response from
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26supervisor the result would have
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28[116] On cross-examination, Ms. S
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30[125] On February 16 th , 2006, M
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32A railway is, by its nature, a tw
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34[132] Section 7 states :7. It is
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36(ii)The Lawa) The prima facie cas
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38strike that balance coupled with
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40duty or obligation” and that th
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42apply the Hoyt approach. In Chant
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44the Complainant’s “parental p
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46January at the latest.” (para.
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48c) Has a prima facie case of disc
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50CN’s other witnesses could not
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52Has CN established that it could
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54[189] The evidence establishes th
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56[196] The evidence also indicates
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58[202] Once the door is opened, th
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60about the policy and that if she
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62iii. Is it necessary to have all
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64person is assessed according to h
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66At the most, according to Cathy S
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68(iii)Compensation for lost wages[
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70“child care issue”. They felt
Page 453 and 454:
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPageI. INTRODUCTIO
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2A. The Facts(i)The Canadian Nation
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4[15] When an employee is working o
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6eventually disappear altogether. T
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8an employee of CN until her employ
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10(iv)The Conductors recalled to co
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12evidence confirming that this was
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14(v)The Complainant’s recall to
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16the same difficulties with childc
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18during a meeting where various to
Page 475 and 476:
20[81] Mr. Broshko was not called a
Page 477 and 478:
22[87] Section 10 of the Act provid
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24[1999] 3 S.C.R. 3 (“Meiorin”)
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26118 This Tribunal has considered
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28wrong in law.” (Johnstone, supr
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30[106] In Falardeau v. Ferguson Mo
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32Employees, (2006) 88 C.L.A.S. 212
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34[118] The Tribunal also disagrees
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36[125] The Tribunal concludes that
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38[131] CN’s justification for de
Page 495 and 496:
40terminals. Employees hired after
Page 497 and 498:
42868 (Grismer), at para. 31). Empl
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44[150] The evidence clearly establ
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46vi. Have other parties who are ob
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48followed in this case and that
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50complaint of discrimination based
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52that she be reinstated in her emp
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54reasonable to conclude therefore
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56involved in this case decided tha
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- 2 -Evangelical Fellowship of Cana
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- 4 -demolition. The application wa
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- 6 -Here, the impugned stipulation
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- 8 -Whether one can waive a consti
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- 10 -in relation to one another wh
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- 12 -The obligation imposed on the
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- 14 -By Iacobucci J.Referred to: R
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- 16 -Canadian Charter of Rights an
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- 18 -1 An important feature of our
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- 20 -festival, which begins in lat
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- 22 -Co-owners may not decorate, p
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- 24 -16 Each of the appellants non
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- 26 -also satisfied that, contrary
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- 28 -concluded that the accommodat
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- 30 -of succahs on the balconies o
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- 32 -Quebec Charter or under the C
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- 34 -purpose of s. 2(a) is to ensu
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- 36 -commands of their common fait
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- 38 -determining, either explicitl
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- 40 -55 This approach to freedom o
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- 42 -60 At this stage, as a genera
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- 44 -B. Application to the Facts(1
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- 46 -mandated “obligation” to
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- 48 -the significance of a strict
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- 50 -77 Similarly, a communal succ
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- 52 -82 Against the appellants’
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- 54 -maximize human rights invaria
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- 56 -persuaded that the purported
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- 58 -“did not read these provisi
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- 60 -Succot, subject to the undert
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- 62 -6.16 EXTERIOR DECORATIONS PRO
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- 64 -[TRANSLATION] . . . practisin
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- 66 -reserved for exclusive use to
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- 68 -the building’s style and it
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- 70 -129 Regarding the third step
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- 72 -The essence of the concept of
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- 74 -137 In light of the foregoing
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- 76 -(M. Tancelin, “L’acte uni
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- 78 -142 Although any analysis of
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- 80 -of Quebec (C.C.Q., preliminar
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- 82 -in enacting s. 9.1, as eviden
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- 84 -Charter involves finding a ba
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- 86 -159 The appellants submit tha
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- 88 -as it does not bar the appell
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- 90 -emergency routes will be comp
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- 92 -access routes too much if cer
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- 94 -would amount to an impairment
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- 96 -178 The appellants contend th
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- 98 -erection on the communally ow
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- 100 -Charter of Rights and Freedo
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- 102 -(Journal des débats: Commis
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- 104 -Can one waive his or her rig
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- 106 -198 In my view, the “reaso
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- 108 -[TRANSLATION]Q. You said ear
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- 110 -denial of construction of th
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- 112 -11. A succah in the garden h
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CITATION: VILVEN V. AIR CANADA, 200
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the shared meaning of the English a
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451, (1990), 52 B.C.L.R. (2d) 105,
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(i) Mandatory retirement at Air Can
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[7] It should also be noted at the
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[25] In contrast, Mr. Kelly’s hum
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first officers. While noting that c
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3. Was there a “normal age of ret
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at the very heart of a free and dem
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situation of pilots working in Cana
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[114] The fact that other Canadian
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[132] Firstly, as Air Canada has no
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[151] In contrast, the French versi
Page 653 and 654:
of relevant positions. As the Tribu
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[189] Before turning to discuss the
Page 657 and 658:
and Harrison, and paragraph 15(1)(c
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working beside them is paid more th
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Rather, it is the permissive provis
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treatment is as between workers und
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(ii) The degree of correspondence b
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[296] In Lavoie, Justice Bastarache
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the law to university professors ov
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constitutionally protected right, t
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colour, religion, age, sex, sexual
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2D. Conclusion on Seniority .......
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2II.Cease and Desist Order[3] The c
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4defence to any other outstanding o
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6A. Vilven[22] For the purpose of d
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8seniority to transfer to Toronto a
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10knowing that they will be frozen
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12[54] Kelly provided two calculati
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14earned about $5,000 a month. Sinc
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16[77] Kelly said he also made some
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18VI.Pain and SufferingA. Vilven[88
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20complainants continued with Air C
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22retired at some point in the near
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24(ii)Kelly[117] As to Kelly’s se
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26[127] Air Canada seeks to support
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28[138] In Martin, the Supreme Cour
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30[150] For the Supreme Court in Hy
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32[161] Thus the respondents argue,
Page 711 and 712:
34F. Conclusion on Previous Financi
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369) Air Canada is to pay fifty per
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APPENDIX II2010 CHRT 27 (CaPay Rate
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I. INTRODUCTION[1] This is an emplo
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3described by the Complainant’s c
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5The training takes from four (4) t
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7available for work, but if he or s
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9back to their home residence at re
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11nature of the father’s work mak
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13[57] Due to its location, the Van
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15(iv)The Conductors recalled to co
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17August 12 th . He works from that
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19When asked by CN counsel why he h
Page 739 and 740:
21[88] Employee QR was covering a s
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23[96] In CN’s Amended Statement
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25[105] On cross-examination, the C
Page 745 and 746:
27Vancouver. On cross-examination h
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29[121] The Complainant also testif
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31at the end of May or in the first
Page 751 and 752:
33schedule. She was asking, in effe
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35B. ISSUES[139] The issue raised i
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37differential manner and was termi
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39117 Discrimination on this ground
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41[154] In Johnstone, the Federal C
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43approach in Campbell River. For e
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45discrimination set out in the CHR
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47the complaint and that no jurispr
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49[178] In February 2005, the Compl
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51equally and fully in employment w
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53[191] The use of the term “undu
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55[198] The evidence clearly establ
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57[205] CN “Accommodation Guideli
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59had trained its managers well eno
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61[219] She further testified that
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63[224] To meet the procedural comp
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65the situation in the present case
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67[238] The Tribunal has referred i
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69(iii)Compensation for lost wages[
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71speaking to the Complainant, what
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