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Page: 3(c) an individual’s employment is terminatedbecause that individual has reached thenormal age of retirement for employeesworking in positions similar to the position ofthat individual;[…](2) For any practice mentioned in paragraph(1)(a) to be considered to be based on a bonafide occupational requirement and for anypractice mentioned in paragraph (1)(g) to beconsidered to have a bona fide justification, itmust be established that accommodation ofthe needs of an individual or a class ofindividuals affected would impose unduehardship on the person who would have toaccommodate those needs, consideringhealth, safety and cost.c) le fait de mettre fin à l’emploi d’unepersonne en appliquant la règle de l’âgede la retraite en vigueur pour ce genred’emploi;[…](2) Les faits prévus à l’alinéa (1)a) sontdes exigences professionnelles justifiéesou un motif justifiable, au sens de l’alinéa(1)g), s’il est démontré que les mesuresdestinées à répondre aux besoins d’unepersonne ou d’une catégorie de personnesvisées constituent, pour la personne quidoit les prendre, une contrainte excessiveen matière de coûts, de santé et desécurité.2011 FC 120 (CanLII)Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, 1982, R.S.C. 1985, App. II, No. 44, Schedule B.1. The Canadian Charter of Rights andFreedoms guarantees the rights andfreedoms set out in it subject only to suchreasonable limits prescribed by law as canbe demonstrably justified in a free anddemocratic society.15. (1) Every individual is equal beforeand under the law and has the right to theequal protection and equal benefit of thelaw without discrimination and, inparticular, without discrimination based onrace, national or ethnic origin, colour,religion, sex, age or mental or physicaldisability.1. La Charte canadienne des droits etlibertés garantit les droits et libertésqui y sont énoncés. Ils ne peuvent êtrerestreints que par une règle de droit,dans des limites qui soientraisonnables et dont la justificationpuisse se démontrer dans le cadred'une société libre et démocratique.15. 1) La loi ne fait acception depersonne et s'applique également àtous, et tous ont droit à la mêmeprotection et au même bénéfice de laloi, indépendamment de toutediscrimination, notamment desdiscriminations fondées sur la race,l'origine nationale ou ethnique, lacouleur, la religion, le sexe, l'âge oules déficiences mentales ou physiques.
FEDERAL COURTSOLICITORS OF RECORDDOCKET:T-1615-09 / T-1606-09STYLE OF CAUSE: AIR CANADA PILOTS ASSOCIATION v.ROBERT NEIL KELLY ET AL (T-1615-09)AIR CANADA v. GEORGE VILVEN ET AL(T-1606-09)2011 FC 120 (CanLII)PLACE OF HEARING:Ottawa, OntarioDATE OF HEARING: November 22, 23 & 24, 2010REASONS FOR JUDGMENTAND JUDGMENT: Mactavish J.DATED: February 3, 2011APPEARANCES:Mr. Bruce LaughtonMr. Raymond D. HallMr. David BakerMr. Daniel PoulinMr. Gavin MacKenzieMs. Christianna ScottFOR THE APPLICANT(Air Canada Pilots Association)FOR THE RESPONDENTS(Robert Neil Kelly and George Vilven)FOR THE RESPONDENT(Canadian Human Rights Commission)FOR THE RESPONDENT(Air Canada)
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Federal CourtCour fédéraleOttawa,
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPARA.I. Introducti
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G. Accommodation in the Post-Novemb
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Page: 2[5] Also at issue in Air Can
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Page: 4[13] Based upon his years of
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Page: 6[22] Both complaints were re
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Page: 8Tribunal’s decision as it
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Page: 10[37] The Tribunal observed
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Page: 12VII.Standard of Review[45]
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Page: 14[53] There is also no dispu
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Page: 16the Charter. By failing to
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Page: 18impaired the relevant right
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Page: 20workers were compensated fo
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Page: 22The Supreme Court found tha
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Page: 24[93] With this in mind, Jus
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Page: 26[100] Our legal system oper
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Page: 28observed in her dissenting
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Page: 30[116] Further, as I observe
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Page: 32[124] There is a further co
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Page: 34[132] However, as the Ontar
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Page: 36[139] Where earlier Supreme
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Page: 38[148] There have been devel
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Page: 40[156] These circumstances f
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Page: 42have abolished mandatory re
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Page: 44[170] The arbitrator’s se
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Page: 46[178] As noted earlier, the
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Page: 48i) The Section 1 Analytical
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Page: 50requires a consideration of
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Page: 52[198] The Tribunal further
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Page: 54[206] At this stage of the
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Page: 56retirement to be imposed up
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Page: 58[221] As the Supreme Court
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Page: 60legislatures have struck a
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Page: 62[236] Air Canada’s expert
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Page: 64question the assumption und
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Page: 66[251] Dr. Kesselman confirm
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Page: 68choose to continue working.
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Page: 70[267] However, Dr. Kesselma
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Page: 72need the money. Those who w
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Page: 74[283] While Chief Justice M
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Page: 76for the accommodation of th
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Page: 78requirements. As a conseque
Page 85 and 86: Page: 80Gunderson and Pesando entit
Page 87 and 88: Page: 82employment arrangements inv
Page 89 and 90: Page: 84assisted employers in manag
Page 91 and 92: Page: 8615(1)(c) of the CHRA and th
Page 93 and 94: Page: 88[334] The Tribunal rejected
Page 95 and 96: Page: 90[343] Indeed, the majority
Page 97 and 98: Page: 92[351] For the reasons given
Page 99 and 100: Page: 94[358] As to the scope of th
Page 101 and 102: Page: 962006. Six Sigma is a busine
Page 103 and 104: Page: 98[376] The Tribunal also fou
Page 105 and 106: Page: 100agreement would affect oth
Page 107 and 108: Page: 102[392] It is true that the
Page 109 and 110: Page: 104[400] That is, while the q
Page 111 and 112: Page: 106ICAO standards. Air Canada
Page 113 and 114: Page: 108ii)The Accommodation of Mr
Page 115 and 116: Page: 110[424] The evidence before
Page 117 and 118: Page: 112company about three months
Page 119 and 120: Page: 114[441] The major focus of C
Page 121 and 122: Page: 116[450] For example, Captain
Page 123 and 124: Page: 118Duke explained why a sched
Page 125 and 126: Page: 120ii)The Tribunal’s Findin
Page 127 and 128: Page: 122[474] Messrs. Vilven and K
Page 129 and 130: Page: 124[482] I have concluded tha
Page 131 and 132: Page: 126memorandum of fact and law
Page 133 and 134: Page: 128JUDGMENTTHIS COURT ORDERS
Page 135: Page: 2agreement relate to the indi
Page 139 and 140: COURT OF APPEAL FOR BRITISH COLUMBI
Page 141 and 142: Health Sciences Assoc. of B.C. v. C
Page 163 and 164: Date: July 9, 2004File: 348Indexed
Page 165 and 166: [7] Myert contracts with provincial
Page 167 and 168: - Proportional client case manageme
Page 169 and 170: scrutinizing closely, the contract
Page 171 and 172: [29] Two New Moons fell on work day
Page 173 and 174: and based on the last paragraph of
Page 175 and 176: I understand that I am still in my
Page 177 and 178: terminate his employment due to his
Page 179 and 180: searches in December 2002, which wa
Page 181 and 182: [65] I find that Mr. Derksen has es
Page 183 and 184: [71] Finally, I cannot find that My
Page 185 and 186: complainant as a result of contrave
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Other Orders[84] Mr. Derksen seeks
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Canadian HumanRights TribunalTribun
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I. COMPLAINT[1] This complaint aros
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3[12] Previous to the hearing, the
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5[22] Jason also worked regularly s
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7III.RESPONDENT’S OPERATIONS[33]
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9building on the air field where sm
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11consideration of the nature of
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13been described by her then superi
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15c) The bulk of employees in the C
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17b) “In addition to programming
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19V. COMPLAINANT’S CASEA. Evidenc
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21Hence, while the Respondent is pr
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23Ms. Gerstl, and would not allow h
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25[109] Under cross-examination, Ms
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27[120] Mr. Star also testified to
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29[129] Mr. Star confirmed that at
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31shifts as of right when her circu
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33[149] There has been a phenomenal
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35- workers are less engaged with l
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37worker’s sense of control and h
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39[178] Complainant’s counsel cha
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41have also increased for families.
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43referral, hiring, promotion, trai
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45[210] The interpretation that ‘
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47[219] This Tribunal does not find
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49[230] Both parties rely on their
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51not discrimination found in any g
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53VI.RESPONDENT’S CASEA. Evidence
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55approximately 14 weeks. There is
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57[270] When asked under cross-exam
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59[281] However, Mr. Sheridan ackno
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61[293] Mr. Sheridan responded that
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63[299] There was no one called as
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6515 people at any given time, or 4
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67[324] CBSA’s approach upon rece
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69[335] The one question relied upo
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71the U.S. So, whereas in the U.S.
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73could accommodate Ms. Johnstone
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75b) Ms. Johnstone has demonstrated
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77contributions as a full-time empl
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79[385] However, by a decision rend
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CANADIAN HUMAN RIGHTS TRIBUNALPARTI
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INTRODUCTION[1] Raymond Jones is on
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eligious requirements by scheduling
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[18] In the last couple of years, t
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Bible-trained conscience would be i
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Did the Respondents refuse to conti
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further, there is nothing to sugges
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[47] Section 37(2)(d)(ii) of the Co
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first year at Menzies he received n
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• That the Respondents Cornelius
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INTRODUCTION[1] Darshan Pannu works
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[9] For their part, Skeena and the
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elevated hydrogen sulfide concentra
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[27] As a result of complaints by a
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[37] However, his back condition di
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[45] Mr. Pannu alleges that Skeena
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(2) Protective respiratory equipmen
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condition can drive safely. That is
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emergency procedure that the Compla
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[75] I can see no justification for
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tacitly approved a less than accept
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would impose some cost on Skeena. I
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time and because those people are l
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[104] The evidence before me establ
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[110] Since Skeena has established
Page 381 and 382:
TABLE OF CONTENTSPageI. INTRODUCTIO
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2A. The Facts(i)The Canadian Nation
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4CMC. Ms. Storms occupied that posi
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6[26] The work schedule of a Conduc
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8It is this provision that allows C
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10[44] Because she was hired after
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12[54] Ms. Storms also testified th
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14[64] She also testified that CN c
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16not have to cover the shortage in
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18November 13 th , he started train
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20Tribunal to identify any legislat
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22accurate” and she added that
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24[101] There was no response from
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26supervisor the result would have
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28[116] On cross-examination, Ms. S
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30[125] On February 16 th , 2006, M
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32A railway is, by its nature, a tw
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34[132] Section 7 states :7. It is
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36(ii)The Lawa) The prima facie cas
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38strike that balance coupled with
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40duty or obligation” and that th
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42apply the Hoyt approach. In Chant
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44the Complainant’s “parental p
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46January at the latest.” (para.
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48c) Has a prima facie case of disc
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50CN’s other witnesses could not
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52Has CN established that it could
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54[189] The evidence establishes th
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56[196] The evidence also indicates
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58[202] Once the door is opened, th
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60about the policy and that if she
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62iii. Is it necessary to have all
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64person is assessed according to h
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66At the most, according to Cathy S
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68(iii)Compensation for lost wages[
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70“child care issue”. They felt
Page 453 and 454:
Page 455 and 456:
TABLE OF CONTENTSPageI. INTRODUCTIO
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2A. The Facts(i)The Canadian Nation
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4[15] When an employee is working o
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6eventually disappear altogether. T
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8an employee of CN until her employ
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10(iv)The Conductors recalled to co
Page 467 and 468:
12evidence confirming that this was
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14(v)The Complainant’s recall to
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16the same difficulties with childc
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18during a meeting where various to
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20[81] Mr. Broshko was not called a
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22[87] Section 10 of the Act provid
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24[1999] 3 S.C.R. 3 (“Meiorin”)
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26118 This Tribunal has considered
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28wrong in law.” (Johnstone, supr
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30[106] In Falardeau v. Ferguson Mo
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32Employees, (2006) 88 C.L.A.S. 212
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34[118] The Tribunal also disagrees
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36[125] The Tribunal concludes that
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38[131] CN’s justification for de
Page 495 and 496:
40terminals. Employees hired after
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42868 (Grismer), at para. 31). Empl
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44[150] The evidence clearly establ
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46vi. Have other parties who are ob
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48followed in this case and that
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50complaint of discrimination based
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52that she be reinstated in her emp
Page 509 and 510:
54reasonable to conclude therefore
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56involved in this case decided tha
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Page 515 and 516:
- 2 -Evangelical Fellowship of Cana
Page 517 and 518:
- 4 -demolition. The application wa
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- 6 -Here, the impugned stipulation
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- 8 -Whether one can waive a consti
Page 523 and 524:
- 10 -in relation to one another wh
Page 525 and 526:
- 12 -The obligation imposed on the
Page 527 and 528:
- 14 -By Iacobucci J.Referred to: R
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- 16 -Canadian Charter of Rights an
Page 531 and 532:
- 18 -1 An important feature of our
Page 533 and 534:
- 20 -festival, which begins in lat
Page 535 and 536:
- 22 -Co-owners may not decorate, p
Page 537 and 538:
- 24 -16 Each of the appellants non
Page 539 and 540:
- 26 -also satisfied that, contrary
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- 28 -concluded that the accommodat
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- 30 -of succahs on the balconies o
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- 32 -Quebec Charter or under the C
Page 547 and 548:
- 34 -purpose of s. 2(a) is to ensu
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- 36 -commands of their common fait
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- 38 -determining, either explicitl
Page 553 and 554:
- 40 -55 This approach to freedom o
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- 42 -60 At this stage, as a genera
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- 44 -B. Application to the Facts(1
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- 46 -mandated “obligation” to
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- 48 -the significance of a strict
Page 563 and 564:
- 50 -77 Similarly, a communal succ
Page 565 and 566:
- 52 -82 Against the appellants’
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- 54 -maximize human rights invaria
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- 56 -persuaded that the purported
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- 58 -“did not read these provisi
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- 60 -Succot, subject to the undert
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- 62 -6.16 EXTERIOR DECORATIONS PRO
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- 64 -[TRANSLATION] . . . practisin
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- 66 -reserved for exclusive use to
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- 68 -the building’s style and it
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- 70 -129 Regarding the third step
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- 72 -The essence of the concept of
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- 74 -137 In light of the foregoing
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- 76 -(M. Tancelin, “L’acte uni
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- 78 -142 Although any analysis of
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- 80 -of Quebec (C.C.Q., preliminar
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- 82 -in enacting s. 9.1, as eviden
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- 84 -Charter involves finding a ba
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- 86 -159 The appellants submit tha
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- 88 -as it does not bar the appell
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- 90 -emergency routes will be comp
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- 92 -access routes too much if cer
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- 94 -would amount to an impairment
Page 609 and 610:
- 96 -178 The appellants contend th
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- 98 -erection on the communally ow
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- 100 -Charter of Rights and Freedo
Page 615 and 616:
- 102 -(Journal des débats: Commis
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- 104 -Can one waive his or her rig
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- 106 -198 In my view, the “reaso
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- 108 -[TRANSLATION]Q. You said ear
Page 623 and 624:
- 110 -denial of construction of th
Page 625 and 626:
- 112 -11. A succah in the garden h
Page 627 and 628:
CITATION: VILVEN V. AIR CANADA, 200
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the shared meaning of the English a
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451, (1990), 52 B.C.L.R. (2d) 105,
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(i) Mandatory retirement at Air Can
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[7] It should also be noted at the
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[25] In contrast, Mr. Kelly’s hum
Page 639 and 640:
first officers. While noting that c
Page 641 and 642:
3. Was there a “normal age of ret
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at the very heart of a free and dem
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situation of pilots working in Cana
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[114] The fact that other Canadian
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[132] Firstly, as Air Canada has no
Page 651 and 652:
[151] In contrast, the French versi
Page 653 and 654:
of relevant positions. As the Tribu
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[189] Before turning to discuss the
Page 657 and 658:
and Harrison, and paragraph 15(1)(c
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working beside them is paid more th
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Rather, it is the permissive provis
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treatment is as between workers und
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(ii) The degree of correspondence b
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[296] In Lavoie, Justice Bastarache
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the law to university professors ov
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constitutionally protected right, t
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colour, religion, age, sex, sexual
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Page 677 and 678:
2D. Conclusion on Seniority .......
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2II.Cease and Desist Order[3] The c
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4defence to any other outstanding o
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6A. Vilven[22] For the purpose of d
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8seniority to transfer to Toronto a
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10knowing that they will be frozen
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12[54] Kelly provided two calculati
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14earned about $5,000 a month. Sinc
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16[77] Kelly said he also made some
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18VI.Pain and SufferingA. Vilven[88
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20complainants continued with Air C
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22retired at some point in the near
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24(ii)Kelly[117] As to Kelly’s se
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26[127] Air Canada seeks to support
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28[138] In Martin, the Supreme Cour
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30[150] For the Supreme Court in Hy
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32[161] Thus the respondents argue,
Page 711 and 712:
34F. Conclusion on Previous Financi
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369) Air Canada is to pay fifty per
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APPENDIX II2010 CHRT 27 (CaPay Rate
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I. INTRODUCTION[1] This is an emplo
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3described by the Complainant’s c
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5The training takes from four (4) t
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7available for work, but if he or s
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9back to their home residence at re
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11nature of the father’s work mak
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13[57] Due to its location, the Van
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15(iv)The Conductors recalled to co
Page 735 and 736:
17August 12 th . He works from that
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19When asked by CN counsel why he h
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21[88] Employee QR was covering a s
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23[96] In CN’s Amended Statement
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25[105] On cross-examination, the C
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27Vancouver. On cross-examination h
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29[121] The Complainant also testif
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31at the end of May or in the first
Page 751 and 752:
33schedule. She was asking, in effe
Page 753 and 754:
35B. ISSUES[139] The issue raised i
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37differential manner and was termi
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39117 Discrimination on this ground
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41[154] In Johnstone, the Federal C
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43approach in Campbell River. For e
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45discrimination set out in the CHR
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47the complaint and that no jurispr
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49[178] In February 2005, the Compl
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51equally and fully in employment w
Page 771 and 772:
53[191] The use of the term “undu
Page 773 and 774:
55[198] The evidence clearly establ
Page 775 and 776:
57[205] CN “Accommodation Guideli
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59had trained its managers well eno
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61[219] She further testified that
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63[224] To meet the procedural comp
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65the situation in the present case
Page 785 and 786:
67[238] The Tribunal has referred i
Page 787 and 788:
69(iii)Compensation for lost wages[
Page 789 and 790:
71speaking to the Complainant, what
Page 791:
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