Sources1 Morris, Henry M. ScientificCreationism. El Cajon, Calif.:Master Books, April 1985.Available from <strong>CSE</strong> ($9.50)2 McLean, G. S.; McLean, Larry;Oakland, Roger. The <strong>Bible</strong> Key toUnderstanding the Early Earth.Oklahoma City,Okla.:Southwest Radio Church, 1987.3 Huse, Scott M. The Collapse ofEvolution. Grand Rapids, Mich.:Baker Book House, 1983.4 Ackerman, Paul D. It’s aYoungWorld After All. Grand Rapids,Mich.: Baker Book House, 1986.5 Blick, Edward F. AScientificAnalysis of Genesis. OklahomaCity,Okla.: Hearthstone Publ.Ltd., 1991.6 Petersen, Dennis R. Unlockingthe Mysteries of Creation.Available from <strong>CSE</strong> ($24.50)7 Hovind, Kent E.Creation <strong>Seminar</strong>,Parts 1-7(most items referenced onscreen—available on tape #1from Creation ScienceEvangelism, 29 Cummings RoadPensacola, FL 32503).8 Wysong, R. L. The Creation-Evolution Controversy. Midland,Mich.: Inquiry Press, 1976.9 Baker,Sylvia. Bone ofContention. Creation ScienceFoundation Ltd., Sunnybank,Queensland 1990. Availablefrom <strong>CSE</strong> ($3.50)10 Moore, John N. Questionsand Answers on Creation-Evolution. Grand Rapids, Mich.:Baker Book House, 1977.11 Brown, Walt. In theBeginning. Center for ScientificCreation, 5612 North 20thPlace, Phoenix, Ariz. Availablefrom <strong>CSE</strong> ($23.50)12 Morris, John D. The YoungEarth. Master Books, 1994.Available from <strong>CSE</strong> ($14.50)Listed below are some of the factors from various branches ofscience that limit the age of the universe or earthtowithin the lastfew thousand years. Though it cannot be scientifically provenexactlywhentheuniversewascreated,itsagecanbeshowntoNOTbe billions of years old. Each of the following evidences of ayoungearth is described in great detail in the books referred to in the sidecolumn. Source number and page number are given for thefollowingstatements:EvidencefromSpace123456789101112Theshrinkingsunlimitstheearth-sunrelationshiptofewerthan “billions of years.” The sun is losing both mass anddiameter. Changing the mass would upset the finegravitational balance that keeps the earth at just the rightdistanceforlifetosurvive. (1,p.169; 2,p.30; 4,pp.56-63; 5,p.26; 6,p.43; 7;11, p.34-35)The ½inch layer of cosmic dust on the moon indicates themoon has not been accumulating dust for billions of years.(2,p.26; 3,p.22; 4,p.15; 6,p.35; 79 ; ,p.25; 11,pp.33,80,)NOTE:InsufficientevidencetobepositiveThe existence of short-period comets indicates the universeislessthanbillionsofyearsold.( 2, p.31; 3, p.27; 4,p.35; 6,p.37; 11,p.29; 12,p.22)Fossil meteorites are very rare in layers other than the toplayers of the earth. This indicates that the layers were notexposed for millions of years as is currently being taught inschooltextbooks.( 4,p.26;11,pp.27,67)Themoonisrecedingafewincheseachyear.Billionsofyearsagothemoonwouldhavebeensoclosethatthetideswouldhavebeenmuchhigher,erodingthecontinentsquickly.( 3,p.25; 6, p.43; 7;11, p.33)ThemooncontainsconsiderablequantitiesofU-236andTh-230, both short-lived isotopes that would have been longgoneifthemoonwerebillionsofyearsold.( 8, p.177;seealso4, p.51& 11, p.28forinformationonrock“flow”)Theexistenceofgreatquantitiesofspacedust,whichbythePoynting-Robertson effect would have been vacuumed outof our solar system in afew thousand years, indicates thesolar system is young. ( 3, p. 29; 6,p.44; 11, p. 33, 80; 12,pp.87-88)Attheratemanystarclustersareexpanding,theycouldnothave been traveling for billions of years. ( 3, p. 29; 4, pp. 30and59; 6, p.44; 11, p.82)Saturn’s rings are still unstable, indicating they are notbillionsofyearsold.( 4, p.45; 7,11, p.22-23)Jupiter and Saturn are cooling off rather rapidly. They arelosing heat twice as fast as they gain it from the sun. Theycannotbebillionsofyearsold.( 5, p.26; 4, p.43;)Jupiter’s moon, Io, is losing matter to Jupiter. It cannot bebillionsofyearsold.( 4, p.3; 7,11, p.23)Jupiter’smoon,Ganymedehasastrongmagneticfield.( 7)Dr. Kent Hovind • office (850) 479-DINO (3466) •Fax 479-8562 10
“The Big Bang is presumedto have produced justhydrogen and helium, only 2of the 92 elements of theearth’s crust.”—Dr.Robert V.Gentry,Research Physicist“Asamatter of fact,however,it may be statedcategorically that noarcheological discovery hasever controverted aBiblicalreference.”—Nelson Glueck,Rivers inthe Desert, 1959, p. 31Palestinian archeologist“I myself am convincedthat the theory of evolution,especially the extent to whichit’s been applied, will be oneof the great jokes in thehistory books of the future.Posterity will marvel that soflimsy and dubious anhypothesis could be acceptedwith the incredible credulitythat it has.”—Malcolm Muggeridge,journalist and philosopher,Pascal Lectures, University ofWaterloo, Ontario, CanadaAmong other factors to consider is that all the ancient astronomersfrom2000yearsagorecordedthatSiriuswasaredstar—todayitisawhitedwarfstar.Obviously,thisviewneedstoberestudied,sincetoday’s textbooks in astronomy state that billions of years arerequiredforastarto“evolve”fromaredgianttoawhitedwarf.(4,p.7)EvidencefromEarth1314151617181920212223The decaying magnetic field limits earth’s age to less thanbillions.( 1,p.157; 2,p.27; 3,p.20; 5,p.23; 6, p.42; 9,p.25;10, p.38; 11, p.32,80; 12,p.91)Thevolumeoflava onearth dividedbyitsrateofeffluxgivesanumber of only afew million years, not billions. Ibelieve thatduring the Flood, while “the fountains ofthe deep were brokenup,”mostoftheearth’slavawasdepositedrapidly.( 1, p.156; 11,p.26)Dividing the amount of various minerals in the ocean bytheir influx rate indicates only afew thousand years ofaccumulation.( 1, p.153; 5, p.24; 6, p.42; 11,p.26)The amount of Helium 4in the atmosphere, divided by theformationrateonearth,givesonly175,000years.(Godmayhave created the earth with some helium which wouldreducetheagemore.)( 1, p.151; 6,p.42; 9, p.25; 11,p.25;12,83-84)The erosion rate of the continents is such that they woulderodetosealevelinlessthan14,000,000years,destroyingalloldfossils.( 2, p.31; 6, p38;AmericanScienceVol56pp356-374; 11,p.31,79; 12, pp.88-90)Topsoil formation rates indicate only afew thousand yearsofformation.( 6,p.38;12, p.94)Niagara Falls’ erosion rate (four to seven feet per year)indicatesanageoflessthan8400years.Don’tforgetNoah’sFlood could have eroded half of the seven and ahalf-milelongNiagara River gorge in afew hours as the flood watersracedthroughthesoftsediments.)( 6, p.39; 7; 12,pp.48-49)The rock encasing oil deposits could not withstand thepressureformorethanafewthousandyears.( 2, p.32; 3,p.24; 5,p.24; 6,p.37; 7; 11,p.26)The size of the Mississippi River delta, divided by the ratemudisbeingdeposited,givesanageoflessthan30,000years.(TheFloodinNoah’sdaycouldhavewashedout80%ofthemud there in a few hours or days, so 4400 years is areasonableageforthedelta.)( 3,p.23; 6, p.38; 7)The slowing spin of the earth limits its age to less than the“billionsofyears”calledforbythetheoryofevolution.( 3, p.25; 7)Arelatively small amount of sediment is now on the oceanfloor,indicatingonlyafewthousandyearsofaccumulation.This embarrassing fact is one of the reasons why the continentaldrift theory is vehemently defended by those whoworshipevolution.( 1,p.155; 6, p.28; 7;11,p.31; 12,p.90)11Creation Science Evangelism •29 Cummings Road •Pensacola, Florida 32503