13CHAPTER 13<strong>LEAD</strong>ING PUBLIC &VOLUNTEER ORGANIZATIONSIn this chapter we will focus on the motivation and recognition of volunteers, since volunteerservice is essential to CAP in accomplishing our assigned missions. We begin with aquick look at leadership of volunteers, and then move on to management philosophies fororganizations. We will do this by taking a look at the structure and behaviors of organizations,with a focus on understanding leadership and management issues that affect publicand volunteer organizations.CAP differs from public and private organizations inthat our missions are accomplished by unpaid volunteers.Understanding the motivation of volunteers and harnessingtheir talents is not the same as managing and directingemployees. The author of the first article, “Leadershipfor Volunteers: The Way It Is and The Way It Could Be,”identifies assumptions about working with volunteersthat can disrupt effective employment of volunteers. Theauthor also explains how recognition of these assumptionscan lead to improved relations with and service tovolunteers.Continuing on this theme, the second reading can beused as a practical checklist for three essential tasks inmanaging volunteers: recruitment, retention, and recognition.The excerpts from the “Volunteer ManagementGuidebook” illustrate a number of important concepts ofvolunteerism, including why people volunteer, how towrite volunteer position descriptions, how to close out aproject, and rules for recognition.In the same way that individual volunteers are held tothe Core Value of Integrity, organizations can also be heldto ethical standards. Unfortunately, we have seen manyexamples in the news recently of companies that failed toexhibit ethical behavior. Chapter 6 introduced you to theconcept of Maslow’s hierarchy of personal needs. The authorsof the next article, “The Hierarchy of Ethical Valuesin Nonprofit Organizations: A Framework for an Ethical,Self-Actualized Organization Culture,” argue that organizationscan promote ethical behavior by ascending andsatisfying five levels of an ethical values hierarchy.One way that organizations can demonstrate ethical behavioris through transparency: open communication andaccountability to stakeholders. In the fourth article, “TheNew Look of Transparency,” the author highlights theneed for organizations to be open and straightforward intheir interactions, especially with and among employees.Though the author’s focus is on companies, you can replacethe word ‘employees’ with ‘volunteers’ to see howthe message applies to CAP. Examples of CAP’s transparencyinclude an Annual Report to Congress and yearlyfinancial reporting to the public on an IRS Form 990.In the final article, “Public and Private Management,”the author explores the similarities of and differencesbetween management in public organizations and privatebusiness. Though the article might seem dated, this reportis a classic text that is used by business and managementschools around the country even today. As you read aboutthe differences in leading government agencies and privatecompanies, keep in mind that each organization type hasboth benefits and challenges.But which type describes CAP? CAP is a non-profitcorporation with roughly 150 employees for program42
VOLUME FOUR STRATEGIC PERSPECTIVESCHAPTER OUTLINEThis chapter’s readings are:Leadership for VolunteersRichard Cummins, “Leadership for Volunteers: TheWay It Is and The Way It Could Be,” Journal of Extension36, no. 5 (1998).Take Root:Volunteer Management GuidebookCorporation for National & Community Service &Hands On Network, “Take Root: Volunteer ManagementGuidebook,” (2010).management and membership support, 68 unpaid corporateofficials, and 61,000+ volunteers. Our funds comefrom private donations, member dues, and Congressionalfunds funneled through the <strong>Air</strong> Force. Our oversightcomes from 11 appointed members of a Board of Governors,a national commander and vice commander elected bycorporate officers, and <strong>Air</strong> Force officers and enlistedairmen assigned to CAP-USAF billets. Our organizationalstructure and missions are determined by Congress andthe <strong>Air</strong> Force. This description indicates that CAP as anorganization doesn’t clearly fall into either the public orprivate category, but pulls some characteristics from each.The Hierarchy of Ethical Values inNonprofit OrganizationsRuth Ann Strickland & Shannon K. Vaughan, “TheHierarchy of Ethical Values in Nonprofit Organizations,”Public Integrity 10, no. 3 (2008): 233-251.The New Look of TransparencyKristin Clarke, “Clear: The New Look of Transparency,”Associations Now (November 2010).Public & Private ManagementGraham T. Allison Jr., “Public & Private Management:...Alike in All Unimportant Respects?,” Setting PublicManagement Research Agendas, OPM Document 127-53-1 (February 1980): 27-38.CHAPTER GOALS1. Give examples of effective strategiesfor leading volunteers.2. Defend the idea that organizationsshould be held to high ethical standards.3. Comprehend key differences in leadingpublic and private organizations.43
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14.4 Basic Air Force DoctrineAF Doc
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earthquake-stricken Haiti. The worl
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15CHAPTER 15ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
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Review. This action strives to unco
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CONCLUDING THOUGHTSIn an ever-chang
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16CHAPTER 16STRATEGIC COMMUNICATION
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THE CADET OATHI pledge that I will