and ambiguity, aspiring strategic leaders can neverthelesslearn to master it. Indeed, by acquiring certain skills andcompetencies, they can transform this environment intosomething more stable, certain, simple, and clear.DEVELOPING STRATEGIC <strong>LEAD</strong>ERSHIPIf becoming a strategist is the “ends,” then leadership isthe “ways,” and development is the “means.” Learning tobecome a strategic leader requires special preparation inseveral areas. First, one must understand how such aleader develops—in essence the anatomy of strategic leadership.Second, one should recognize some of the essentialcompetencies a strategic leader must have. Finally, theprospective leader needs to assess his or her current abilitiesand commit to a development plan.ANA<strong>TO</strong>MY OF A STRATEGIC <strong>LEAD</strong>ERDevelopment of a strategic leader involves a number ofimportant aspects. First, the most important, indeedfoundational, part of this preparation concerns values,ethics, codes, morals, and standards. Second, the path tostrategic leadership resembles the building of a pyramid(fig. 2). Shortcuts do not exist, and one can’t start at thetop—strategic leaders are made, not born. Strategic leadersgradually build wisdom, defined as acquiring experiencesover time. 7 One must also remember that certain activitiescan accelerate these experiences and widen perspectives.Leaders should know that even though some individualswith strategic competency may not become strategicdecision makers, they can still influence and contributeto decisions. Additionally, having strategic competencywill allow one to fully understand strategic decisions andperspectives.Figure 2COMPETENCIESIt is difficult to imagine an all-inclusive list of competenciesrequired for strategic leadership. However, some skillsseem essential— vision, for instance, which allows thestrategic leader to focus on the future and, in fact, buildthat future. Vision makes leaders proactive in the strategicenvironment rather than reactive. Furthermore, theyshould become transformational in order to inspire peopletoward common goals and shared values; they mustanticipate change, lead change, and foster a mind-set ofchange; they should critically analyze their own thinkingto make decisions logically; they should foster an attitudeof creativity in their operations and organizations; theymust audaciously seek novel ideas and understand how toframe decisions and organize chaos; and they shouldknow how to build effective teams and gain consensuswithin large organizations. When consensus fails, strategicleaders must negotiate effectively, or they put success atrisk. Many times, this kind of success is directly relatedto the cultural sensitivity and cross-cultural communicationsability of the leader. Finally, the strategic leadermust assume the role of both teacher and mentor. As NoelTichy reminds us, great leaders are great teachers. Theyhave a teachable point of view and invest in developingother leaders. 8 The competencies mentioned above formthe basis of an education for aspiring strategic leaders.ASSESSMENT AND DEVELOPMENTBecoming a strategic leader is a daunting challenge. Itstarts with taking stock of leadership abilities, conceptualcapacity, and interpersonal skills. A thorough self-assessmentwill help identify strengths and weaknesses. Suchassessments can examine personality type, leadershipmotivation, originality, innovation, tolerance, teamwork,and conceptual ability. These assessments are like thestarting point on a map, letting prospective leaders knowwhere they are so they can take the best route to theirdestination. Completing a detailed self-assessment is alsothe first step in commitment to the personal and professionaldevelopment process required to become a strategic leader.As a follow-up to the self-assessment, aspiring leadersshould ask themselves a series of questions: What are mystrengths? How can I capitalize on them? Where are myweaknesses? What can I do about them? Where do I wantto be in the future? How can I get there? Do I really wantto commit to development? The last question is the mostdifficult one. 9 Those who answer yes are ready to beginthe journey toward becoming strategic leaders.At this point, leader candidates should volunteer for andaccept challenging assignments—especially in areas in14
which they might not have worked before. These couldinclude moving into a different functional area, acceptingjoint assignments, or working in an interagency environment.Such taskings tend to accelerate experience andbroaden perspectives. Furthermore, pursuing a formalcourse of study at senior service colleges and participatingin other education programs would broaden one’s knowledgeand conceptual ability. Self-learning is also valuable—especially reading. All strategic leaders are voraciousreaders—and they read outside their normal area ofexpertise, again, to expand their perspective and increasetheir conceptual ability. In fact, many of them are expertsin a number of unrelated fields. Becoming a “dual expert”helps one think in multiple dimensions.After committing to some or all of these developmentactivities, potential leaders should reflect on each activityas a way of mining the total benefit and seeking greatermeaning. They will also benefit from mentoring otherleaders and being mentored themselves. When mentorsshare their experiences, they help others know andunderstand them. As Tichy says, sharing experiences or“telling stories” shapes our own attitude, behavior, andpoint of view. 10 We become the story, and the story guidesour lives. Gen Dwight Eisenhower endorsed mentoringwhen he explained that the best way to become a gooddecision maker is to be around others who make decisions. 11CONCLUSIONThe many components of the strategic leadership environmentchallenge even the best leaders. The monumentalconsequences of strategic decisions call for individualswith unique performance abilities who can navigate thevolatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity inherentin the nature of those decisions. Aspiring leaders can riseto the challenge by undergoing self-assessment and personaldevelopment. Accepting the demands of strategicleadership involves a transition from the art of the familiarto the art of the possible. This is the realm of strategicleadership and the strategic environment.NOTES1. Webster’s II New Riverside University Dictionary, 1988 ed., s.v.“strategic.”2. T. Owen Jacobs, Strategic Leadership: The Competitive Edge(Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, D.C.: Industrial College of theArmed Forces, 2000), 24.3. US Industrial College of the Armed Forces, chap. 1, “Overview,”Strategic Leadership and Decision Making: Preparing Senior Executivesfor the 21st Century (Washington, D.C.: National Defense UniversityPress, 1997), on-line, Internet, September 2000, availablefrom http://www.ndu.edu/inss/books/books%20-%201999/Strategic%20Leadership%20and%20Decision-making%20-%20Feb%2099/cont.html.4. Ibid.5. Ibid.6. Ibid.7. Jacobs, 46.8. Noel M. Tichy with Eli Cohen, The Leadership Engine: How WinningCompanies Build Leaders at Every Level (New York: HarperBusiness, 1997), 3.9. US Industrial College of the Armed Forces, chap. 7, “DevelopingStrategic Leaders,” Strategic Leadership and Decision Making.10. Tichy and Cohen, 77.11. Edgar F. Puryear Jr., American Generalship: Character Is Everything:The Art of Command (Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 2000),232.Col Guillot is a former cadet from Louisiana and arecipient of the Spaatz Award.From: Col W. Michael Guillot, “Strategic Leadership: Defining theChallenge,” <strong>Air</strong> & Space Power Journal (Winter 2003): 67-75. Usedwith permission.15
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islative charter - the Clean Air Ac
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hidden areas can act as cultural ho
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THE CADET OATHI pledge that I will