National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife ... - All About Birds

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Table C-1. Major Characteristics of Surveys: 1955 to 2011—ContinuedCharacteristic 1985 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011Survey design:Screening interviewmode and populationof interest ..............Telephone/personalinterview, 6 years oldand olderTelephone/personalinterview, 6 years oldand olderTelephone/personalinterview, 6 years oldand olderTelephone/personalinterview, 6 years oldand olderTelephone/personalinterview, 6 years oldand olderTelephone/personalinterview, 6 years oldand olderDetailed interviewmode and populationof interest ..............Personal interview,16 years old andolderTelephone/personalinterview, 16 yearsold and olderTelephone/personalinterview, 16 yearsold and olderTelephone/personalinterview, 16 yearsold and olderTelephone/personalinterview, 16 yearsold and olderTelephone/personalinterview, 16 yearsold and olderRespondent’s recallperiod ................. 1 year 4 months 4–8 months 4–8 months 4–8 months 4–12 monthsSample sizes:Screening phase(households)............ 102,694 102,804 44,000 52,508 66,688 30,400Detailed phase(individuals):Fishing and hunting. . . . . . 28,011 23,179 13,222 25,070 21,938 11,330Wildlife watching 3 ....... 26,671 22,723 9,802 15,303 11,279 9,329Response rates:Screening phase .......... 93 percent 95 percent 71 percent 75 percent 90 percent 77 percentDetailed phase:Fishing and hunting. . . . . . 92 percent 95 percent 80 percent 88 percent 77 percent 67 percentWildlife watching 3 ....... 94 percent 95 percent 82 percent 90 percent 78 percent 66 percentLevel of reporting ...........State andNationalState andNationalState andNationalState andNationalState andNationalState andNationalData collection agent .........U.S.Census BureauU.S.Census BureauU.S.Census BureauU.S.Census BureauU.S.Census BureauU.S.Census Bureau(NA) Not available. (X) Not applicable; wildlife-watching (nonconsumptive) interviews were not conducted prior to 1980.1Spent $5.00 or more or participated 3 days or more during the year.2Spent $7.50 or more or participated 3 days or more during the year.3Termed “nonconsumptive” in 1980, 1985, and 1991 Surveys.110 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
In the 1991 Survey, an attempt wasmade to contact every sample personin all three detailed interview waves.In 1996, 2001, 2006, and 2011respondents who were interviewedin the first detailed interview wavewere not contacted again until thethird wave (unless they were part ofthe other subsample, i.e., a respondentin both the sportsperson and wildlifewatching subsamples could be in thefirst and third wave of sportspersoninterviewing and the second and thirdwave of wildlife watching interviewing).Also, all interviews in thesecond wave were conducted only bytelephone. In-person interviews wereonly conducted in the first and thirdwaves. The 2011 wave 3 screen phasewas composed of both telephone andin-person interviews.Section I. Important InstrumentChanges in the 1996 Survey1. The 1991 Survey collectedinformation on all wildlife-relatedrecreation purchases made byparticipants without reference towhere the purchase was made. The1996 Survey asked in which statethe purchase was made.2. In 1991, respondents were askedwhat kind of fishing they did, i.e.,Great Lakes, other freshwater, orsaltwater, and then were askedin what states they fished. In1996, respondents were asked inwhich states they fished and thenwere asked what kind of fishingthey did. This method had theadvantage of not asking about, forexample, saltwater fishing whenthey only fished in a noncoastalstate.3. In 1991, respondents were askedhow many days they “actually”hunted or fished for a particulartype of game or fish and then howmany days they “chiefly” huntedor fished for the same type ofgame or fish rather than anothertype of game or fish. To get totaldays of hunting or fishing for aparticular type of game or fish, the“actually” day response was used,while to get the sum of all days ofhunting or fishing, the “chiefly”days were summed. In 1996,respondents were asked their totaldays of hunting or fishing in thecountry and each state, then howmany days they hunted or fishedfor a particular type of game orfish.4. Trip-related and equipment expenditurecategories were not the samefor all Surveys. “Guide fee” and“Pack trip or package fee” weretwo separate trip-related expenditureitems in 1991, while they werecombined into one category inthe 1996 Survey. “Boating costs”was added to the 1996 huntingand wildlife-watching trip-relatedexpenditure sections. “Heatingand cooking fuel” was added toall of the trip-related expendituresections. “Spearfishing equipment”was moved from a separatecategory to the “other” list. “Rods”and “Reels” were two separatecategories in 1991 but werecombined in 1996. “Lines, hooks,sinkers, etc.” was one categoryin 1991 but split into “Lines” and“Hooks, sinkers, etc.” in 1996.“Food used to feed other wildlife”was added to the wildlife-watchingequipment section, “Boats” and“Cabins” were added to thewildlife-watching special equipmentsection, and “Land leasingand ownership” was added to thewildlife-watching expendituressection.5. Questions asking sportspersons ifthey participated as much as theywanted were added in 1996. If thesportspersons said no, they wereasked why not.6. The 1991 Survey includedquestions about participation inorganized fishing competitions;anglers using bows and arrows,nets or seines, or spearfishing;hunters using pistols or handgunsand target shooting in preparationfor hunting. These questions werenot asked in 1996.7. The 1996 Survey included questionsabout catch and releasefishing and persons with disabilitiesparticipating in wildliferelatedrecreation. These questionswere not part of the 1991 Survey.8. The 1991 Survey included questionsabout average distancetraveled to recreation sites. Thesequestions were not included in the1996 Survey.9. The 1996 Survey includedquestions about the last trip therespondent took. Included werequestions about the type of trip,where the activity took place, andthe distance and direction to thesite visited. These questions werenot asked in 1991.10. The 1991 Survey collected dataon hunting, fishing, and wildlifewatching by U.S. residentsin Canada. The 1996 Surveycollected data on fishing and wildlife-watchingby U.S. residents inCanada.Section II. Important instrumentchanges in the 2001 Survey1. The 1991 and 1996 single racecategory “Asian or PacificIslander” was changed to twocategories “Asian” and “NativeHawaiian or Other PacificIslander”. In 1991 and 1996, therespondent was required to pickonly one category, while in 2001the respondent could pick anycombination of categories. Thenext question stipulated that therespondent could only be identifiedwith one category and then askedwhat that category was.2. The 1991 and 1996 land leasingand ownership sections asked therespondent to combine the twotypes of land use into one and givetotal acreage and expenditures. In2001, the two types of land usewere explored separately.3. The 1991 and 1996 wildlifewatchingsections included questionson birdwatching for aroundthe-homeparticipants only. The2001 Survey added a question onbirdwatching for away-from-homeparticipants. Also, questions on theuse of birding life lists and howmany species the respondent canidentify were added.4. “Recreational vehicles” was addedto the sportspersons and wildlifewatchersspecial equipmentsection. “House trailer” was addedto the sportspersons special equipmentsection.5. Total personal income was askedin the detailed phase of the 1996Survey. This was changed to totalU.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 111
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U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service2011Nat
Page 4 and 5:
Economics and StatisticsAdministrat
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List of TablesFishing and Hunting1.
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ForewordWhen I was growing up, it w
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Highlights
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watching (observing, photographing,
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Expenditures for Wildlife-Related R
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Fishing
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Fishing ExpendituresAnglers spent $
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Freshwater Fishing ExpendituresAngl
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pike, pickerel, and muskie, as well
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Sex and Age of AnglersAlthough more
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The majority of anglers had househo
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2001-2011 Fishing Participants, Day
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Hunting HighlightsIn 2011, 13.7 mil
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Big Game HuntingIn 2011, a majority
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Days per hunterTrips per hunterTrip
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Hunting on Public and PrivateLandsm
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Large MSA25%Medium MSA17%Percent of
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Hispanics, who represent a growingp
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Wildlife WatchingU.S. Fish and Wild
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Wildlife-Watching ExpendituresThirt
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Wildlife Fed, Observed, orPhotograp
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Metropolitan and NonmetropolitanAro
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Education, Race, and Ethnicity ofAr
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Away-From-Home Participantsby Type
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Away-From-Home WildlifeWatchers by
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Metropolitan and NonmetropolitanAwa
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2001-2011 Comparison of Wildlife-Wa
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2006-2011 Wildlife-Watching Partici
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Guide to Statistical TablesPurpose
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Table 3. Freshwater Anglers and Day
Page 70 and 71: Table 7. Hunters and Days of Huntin
Page 72 and 73: Table 8. Selected Characteristics o
Page 74 and 75: Table 9. Selected Characteristics o
Page 76 and 77: Table 10. Selected Characteristics
Page 78 and 79: Table 12. Expenditures for Fishing:
Page 80 and 81: Table 14. Trip and Equipment Expend
Page 88 and 89: Table 22. Special Equipment Expendi
Page 90 and 91: Table 25. Freshwater Anglers and Da
Page 92 and 93: Table 29. Hunters and Days of Hunti
Page 94 and 95: Table 33. Hunters Preparing for Hun
Page 96 and 97: Table 37. Participation in Wildlife
Page 98 and 99: Table 40. Expenditures for Wildlife
Page 104 and 105: Table 46. Total Wildlife-Related Pa
Page 106 and 107: Appendix A.DefinitionsAnnual househ
Page 108 and 109: State governments (such as State pa
Page 110 and 111: Appendix B.2010 Participation of 6-
Page 112 and 113: Table B-4. Most Recent Year of Fish
Page 114 and 115: Table B-7. Selected Characteristics
Page 116 and 117: Table B-9. Participation by 6-to-15
Page 118 and 119: Appendix C.Significant Methodologic
Page 122 and 123: Table C-2. Anglers and Hunters by C
Page 124 and 125: household income in the 2001Survey.
Page 126 and 127: Table C-4. Comparison of Major Find
Page 128 and 129: Table C-5. Anglers and Hunters by C
Page 130 and 131: Appendix D.Sample Design and Statis
Page 132 and 133: lation 6 to 15 years of age were de
Page 134 and 135: compute in advance the standard err
Page 136 and 137: Illustration of the Computation of
Page 138 and 139: Table D-2. Approximate Standard Err
Page 140 and 141: Table D-4. Approximate Standard Err
Page 143: U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S.
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