National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife ... - All About Birds

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IntroductionThe National Survey of Fishing,Hunting, and Wildlife-AssociatedRecreation reports results from interviewswith U.S. residents about theirfishing, hunting, and wildlife watching.This report focuses on 2011 participationand expenditures of persons 16years of age and older.However, in addition to 2011 numbers,we also provide trend information inthe Highlights sections and AppendixC of the report. The 2011 numbersreported can be compared with those inthe 1991, 1996, 2001, and 2006 Surveyreports because they used similar methodologies.However, the 2011 estimatesshould not be directly compared withresults from Surveys conducted earlierthan 1991 because of changes in methodologyto improve accuracy.The report also provides informationon participation in wildlife-relatedrecreation in 2010, particularly ofpersons 6 to 15 years of age. The 2010information is provided in AppendixB. Information about the scope andcoverage of the 2011 Survey can befound in Appendix D. The remainderof this section defines important termsused in the Survey.Wildlife-Related RecreationWildlife-related recreation is fishing,hunting, and wildlife-watching activities.These categories are not mutuallyexclusive because many individualsparticipated in more than one activity.Wildlife-related recreation is reportedin two major categories: (1) fishingand hunting, and (2) wildlife watching,which includes observing, photographing,and feeding fish or wildlife.Fishing and HuntingThis Survey reports information aboutresidents of the United States whofished or hunted in 2011, regardless ofwhether they were licensed. The fishingand hunting sections report informationfor three groups: (1) sportspersons, (2)anglers, and (3) hunters.SportspersonsSportspersons are those who fishedor hunted. Individuals who fishedor hunted commercially in 2011 arereported as sportspersons only if theyalso fished or hunted for recreation. Thesportspersons group is composed of thethree subgroups shown in the diagrambelow: (1) those that fished and hunted,(2) those that only fished, and (3) thosethat only hunted.The total number of sportspersons isequal to the sum of people who onlyfished, only hunted, and both huntedand fished. It is not the sum of allanglers and all hunters because thosepeople who both fished and hunted areincluded in both the angler and hunterpopulation and would be incorrectlycounted twice.SportspersonsAnglersFishedonlyFishedandhuntedHuntersHuntedonlyAnglersAnglers are sportspersons who onlyfished plus those who fished andhunted. Anglers include not onlylicensed hook and line anglers, butalso those who have no license andthose who use special methods suchas fishing with spears. Three types offishing are reported: (1) freshwater,excluding the Great Lakes, (2) GreatLakes, and (3) saltwater. Since manyanglers participated in more than onetype of fishing, the total number ofanglers is less than the sum of the threetypes of fishing.HuntersHunters are sportspersons who onlyhunted plus those who hunted andfished. Hunters include not onlylicensed hunters using rifles andshotguns, but also those who haveno license and those who engagein hunting with archery equipment,muzzleloaders, other primitive firearms,or pistols or handguns.Four types of hunting are reported:(1) big game, (2) small game,(3) migratory bird, and (4) otheranimals. Since many hunters participatedin more than one type of hunting,the sum of hunters for big game,small game, migratory bird, and otheranimals exceeds the total number ofhunters.Wildlife WatchersSince 1980, the National Survey hasincluded information on wildlifewatchingactivities in addition tofishing and hunting. However, unlikethe 1980 and 1985 Surveys, theNational Surveys since 1991 havecollected data only for those activitieswhere the primary purpose was wildlife2 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau
watching (observing, photographing, orfeeding wildlife).The 2011 Survey uses a strict definitionof wildlife watching. Participants musteither take a “special interest” in wildlifearound their homes or take a tripfor the “primary purpose” of wildlifewatching. Secondary wildlife watching,such as incidentally observing wildlifewhile pleasure driving, is not included.Two types of wildlife-watching activityare reported: (1) away-from-home(formerly nonresidential) activities and(2) around-the-home (formerly residential)activities. Because some peopleparticipated in more than one type ofwildlife watching, the sum of participantsin each type will be greater thanthe total number of wildlife watchers.Only those engaged in activities whoseprimary purpose was wildlife watchingare included in the Survey. The twotypes of wildlife-watching activity aredefined below.Away-From-HomeThis group includes persons whotook trips or outings of at least 1 milefrom home for the primary purpose ofobserving, feeding, or photographingfish and wildlife. Trips to fish or hunt orscout and trips to zoos, circuses, aquariums,and museums are not consideredwildlife-watching activities.Around-The-HomeThis group includes those whoparticipated within 1 mile of home andinvolves one or more of the following:(1) closely observing or trying to identifybirds or other wildlife; (2) photographingwildlife; (3) feeding birds orother wildlife; (4) maintaining naturalareas of at least 1/4 acre where benefitto wildlife is the primary concern;(5) maintaining plantings (shrubs,agricultural crops, etc.) where benefitto wildlife is the primary concern; or(6) visiting parks and natural areaswithin 1 mile of home for the primarypurpose of observing, feeding, orphotographing wildlife.State-Level EstimatesOnly national-level estimates areincluded in this report. State-level estimatesare available in the state reportswhich will be issued alphabetically,beginning in early 2013.U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation 3
Page 1: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service2011Nat
Page 4 and 5: Economics and StatisticsAdministrat
Page 6 and 7: List of TablesFishing and Hunting1.
Page 8 and 9: ForewordWhen I was growing up, it w
Page 11: Highlights
Page 15 and 16: Expenditures for Wildlife-Related R
Page 17 and 18: Fishing
Page 19 and 20: Fishing ExpendituresAnglers spent $
Page 21 and 22: Freshwater Fishing ExpendituresAngl
Page 23 and 24: pike, pickerel, and muskie, as well
Page 25 and 26: Sex and Age of AnglersAlthough more
Page 27 and 28: The majority of anglers had househo
Page 29: 2001-2011 Fishing Participants, Day
Page 32 and 33: Hunting HighlightsIn 2011, 13.7 mil
Page 34 and 35: Big Game HuntingIn 2011, a majority
Page 36 and 37: Days per hunterTrips per hunterTrip
Page 38 and 39: Hunting on Public and PrivateLandsm
Page 40 and 41: Large MSA25%Medium MSA17%Percent of
Page 42 and 43: Hispanics, who represent a growingp
Page 45 and 46: Wildlife WatchingU.S. Fish and Wild
Page 47 and 48: Wildlife-Watching ExpendituresThirt
Page 49 and 50: Wildlife Fed, Observed, orPhotograp
Page 51 and 52: Metropolitan and NonmetropolitanAro
Page 53 and 54: Education, Race, and Ethnicity ofAr
Page 55 and 56: Away-From-Home Participantsby Type
Page 57 and 58: Away-From-Home WildlifeWatchers by
Page 59 and 60: Metropolitan and NonmetropolitanAwa
Page 61 and 62: 2001-2011 Comparison of Wildlife-Wa
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2006-2011 Wildlife-Watching Partici
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Guide to Statistical TablesPurpose
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Table 3. Freshwater Anglers and Day
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Table 7. Hunters and Days of Huntin
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Table 8. Selected Characteristics o
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Table 9. Selected Characteristics o
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Table 10. Selected Characteristics
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Table 12. Expenditures for Fishing:
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Table 14. Trip and Equipment Expend
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Table 22. Special Equipment Expendi
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Table 25. Freshwater Anglers and Da
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Table 29. Hunters and Days of Hunti
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Table 33. Hunters Preparing for Hun
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Table 37. Participation in Wildlife
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Table 40. Expenditures for Wildlife
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Table 46. Total Wildlife-Related Pa
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Appendix A.DefinitionsAnnual househ
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State governments (such as State pa
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Appendix B.2010 Participation of 6-
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Table B-4. Most Recent Year of Fish
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Table B-7. Selected Characteristics
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Table B-9. Participation by 6-to-15
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Appendix C.Significant Methodologic
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Table C-1. Major Characteristics of
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Table C-2. Anglers and Hunters by C
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household income in the 2001Survey.
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Table C-4. Comparison of Major Find
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Table C-5. Anglers and Hunters by C
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Appendix D.Sample Design and Statis
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lation 6 to 15 years of age were de
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compute in advance the standard err
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Illustration of the Computation of
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Table D-2. Approximate Standard Err
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Table D-4. Approximate Standard Err
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U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S.
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National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife ... - All About Birds

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