National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife ... - All About Birds

State governments (such as State parksand wildlife management areas), or thefederal government (such as NationalForests, Recreational Areas, and WildlifeRefuges).Residents—Individuals who lived inthe State being reported. For example,a person who lives in California andwatches whales in California is a residentialwildlife watcher in California.Rural—All territory, population, andhousing units located outside of urbanizedareas and urban clusters, as determinedby the U.S. Census Bureau.Saltwater—Oceans, tidal bays andsounds, and the tidal portions of riversand streams.Screening interviews—The firstSurvey contact with a sample household.Screening interviews areconducted with a household representativeto identify respondents whoare eligible for in-depth interviews.Screening interviews gather data suchas age and sex about individuals in thehouseholds. Further information onscreening interviews is available onpage vii in the “Survey Backgroundand Method” section of this report.Small game—Grouse, pheasants, quail,rabbits, squirrels, and similar smallanimals for which States have smallgame seasons and bag limits.Special equipment—Big-ticket equipmentitems that are owned primarily forwildlife-related recreation:Bass boatsOther types of motor boatsCanoes and other types of nonmotorboatsBoat motors, boat trailer/hitches, andother boat accessoriesPickups, campers, vans, travel or tenttrailers, motor homes, house trailers,recreational vehicles (RVs)CabinsOff-the-road vehicles such as trailbikes, all terrain vehicles (ATVs),dune buggies, four-wheelers, 4x4vehicles, and snowmobilesOther special equipmentSpenders—Individuals who spentmoney on fishing, hunting, or wildlifewatchingactivities or equipment andalso participated in those activities.Sportspersons—Individuals whoengaged in fishing, hunting, or both.Trip—An outing involving fishing,hunting, or wildlife watching. A tripmay begin from an individual’s principalresidence or from another place,such as a vacation home or the homeof a relative. A trip may last an hour, aday, or many days.Type of fishing—There are threetypes of fishing: (1) freshwater exceptGreat Lakes, (2) Great Lakes, and (3)saltwater.Type of hunting—There are four typesof hunting: (1) big game, (2) smallgame, (3) migratory bird, and (4) otheranimal.Unspecified expenditure—An itemthat was purchased for use in bothfishing and hunting, rather thanprimarily one or the other. Auxiliaryequipment, special equipment, magazinesand books, and membership duesand contributions are the items forwhich a purchase could be categorizedas “unspecified.”Urban—All territory, population, andhousing units located within boundariesthat encompass densely settled territory,consisting of core census block groupsor blocks that have a population densityof at least 1,000 people per square mileand surrounding census blocks thathave an overall density of at least 500people per square mile. Under certainconditions, less densely settled territorymay be included, as determined by theCensus Bureau.Visit parks or natural areas—A visitto places accessible to the public andthat are owned or leased by a governmentalentity, nongovernmental organization,business, or a private individualor group such as an association or club.Wildlife—Animals such as birds, fish,insects, mammals, amphibians, andreptiles that are living in natural orwild environments. Wildlife does notinclude animals living in aquariums,zoos, and other artificial surroundingsor domestic animals such as farmanimals or pets.Wildlife observed, photographed, orfed—Examples of species that wildlifewatchers observe, photograph, and/or feed are (1) Wild birds—songbirdssuch as cardinals, robins, warblers,jays, buntings, and sparrows; birdsof prey such as hawks, owls, eagles,and falcons; waterfowl such as ducks,geese, and swans; other water birdssuch as shorebirds, herons, pelicans,and cranes; and other birds such aspheasants, turkeys, road runners, andwoodpeckers; (2) Land mammals—large land mammals such as bears,bison, deer, moose, and elk; small landmammals such as squirrels, foxes,prairie dogs, and rabbits; (3) Fishsuch as salmon, sharks, and groupers;(4) Marine mammals such as whales,dolphins, and manatees; and (5) Otherwildlife such as butterflies, turtles,spiders, and snakes.Wildlife-related recreation—Recreational fishing, hunting, andwildlife watching.Wildlife watching—There are sixtypes of wildlife watching: (1) closelyobserving, (2) photographing, (3)feeding, (4) visiting parks or naturalareas, (5) maintaining plantings, and(6) maintaining natural areas. Theseactivities must be the primary purposeof the trip or the around-the-homeundertaking.Wildlife-watching equipment—Itemsowned primarily for observing, photographing,or feeding wildlife:Binoculars and spotting scopesCameras, video cameras, speciallenses, and other photographicequipmentFilm and developingCommercially prepared and packagedwild bird foodOther bulk food used to feed wildbirdsFood for other wildlifeNest boxes, bird houses, feeders, andbathsDay packs, carrying cases, andspecial clothingOther items such as field guides andmaps98 2011 National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and U.S. Census Bureau