Fish Identification Section of Fishing Lines - Tampa Bay Water Atlas

What Is It?Fish IdentificationIndex of Common NamesAfrican Pompano.................. 54Almaco Jack......................... 49American Shad..................... 41Atlantic Bumper.................... 54Atlantic Croaker.................... 64Atlantic Sharpnose Shark..... 38Atlantic Spadefish................ 68Atlantic Thread Herring.......... 42Ballyhoo............................... 43Banded Rudderfish............... 50Bank Sea Bass..................... 44Bay Anchovy......................... 70Bigeye Scad......................... 53Black Drum.......................... 64Black Grouper...................... 46Black Sea Bass.................... 45Blackfin Snapper.................. 55Blackfin Tuna........................ 72Blacknose Shark.................. 39Blacktip Shark...................... 39Blue Crab............................. 36Blue Marlin........................... 74Blue Runner......................... 51Bonefish............................... 41WhatItBonnethead Shark................ 40Cero..................................... 71Clams................................... 36Cobia .................................. 49Common Snook.................... 43Crevalle Jack........................ 51Cubera Snapper................... 55Dog Snapper........................ 56Dolphin................................ 73Fantail Mullet....................... 69Fat Snook............................. 43Florida Pompano.................. 52Gafftopsail Catfish................ 68Gag...................................... 46Goliath Grouper.................... 45Grass Porgy.......................... 61Gray Snapper....................... 56Gray Triggerfish...................... 60Great Barracuda................... 70Greater Amberjack................ 50Gulf Flounder........................ 67Gulf Kingfish......................... 66Gulf Menhaden..................... 42Harhead Catfish................... 68Hogfish................................. 59Horse-eye Jack..................... 53Jolthead Porgy...................... 61King Mackerel....................... 71Knobbed Porgy..................... 61Ladyfish................................ 40Lane Snapper....................... 56Leatherjacket........................ 54Lesser Amberjack................. 50Little Tuny............................. 72Littlehead Porgy.................... 62Lobster................................. 37Longbill Spearfish................. 73Lookdown............................. 53Mahogany Snapper............... 57Mutton Snapper................... 57Nassau Grouper................... 46Oysters................................. 36Palometa.............................. 51Permit.................................. 52Pigfish.................................. 63Pinfish.................................. 62Queen Snapper.................... 57Red Drum............................. 64Red Grouper......................... 47Red Porgy............................. 60Red Snapper........................ 58Rock Sea Bass..................... 45Round Scad......................... 52Sailfish................................. 74Sand Perch........................... 48Sand Seatrout...................... 65Sandbar Shark..................... 38Scaled Sardine..................... 42Scalloped Hammerhead....... 39Scallops............................... 37Scamp................................. 47Schoolmaster....................... 58Sheepshead......................... 60Shortfin Mako....................... 38Shrimp................................. 37Silk Snapper......................... 58Silver Perch.......................... 66Silver Seatrout...................... 65Southern Kingfish................. 67Southern Stingray................. 40Spanish Mackerel................. 71Spanish Sardine................... 42Spot..................................... 67Spottail Pinfish..................... 62Spotted Seatrout.................. 65Stone Crab........................... 36Striped Anchovy.................... 70Striped Mojarra.................... 69Striped Mullet....................... 69Swordfish............................. 73Swordspine Snook................ 44Tarpon.................................. 41Tarpon Snook....................... 44Tomtate................................ 63Tripletail................................ 55Vermilion Snapper................ 59Wahoo.................................. 72Warsaw Groupe.................... 48Weakfish.............................. 66White Grunt.......................... 63White Marlin......................... 74Yellowfin Grouper.................. 47Yellowfin Menhaden.............. 43Yellowfin Tuna....................... 72Yellowmouth Grouper............ 48Yellowtail Snapper................ 59Learning to identify fish is a fascinating study in itself and is a matter of importance to the angler;misidentification of fish can lead to fisheries violations. Included in the following listing are fish andinvertebrates commonly caught by anglers in Florida. They are grouped into Families as listed in the?American Fisheries Society publication, “Common and Scientific Names of Fishes.”How to use this sectionFish Illustrations by Diane Rome Peebles InvertebrateIllustrations courtesy of Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer ServicesPremaxilla(forward portion ofupper jaw bone)AdiposeeyelidHead LengthSnout LengthFirst (spinous)dorsal finTotal LengthFork LengthStandard LengthFin rays, spinous (unsegmented)and soft (segmented)Second (soft)dorsal finCaudalpeduncle(where thebody attachesto the tail)ClosemouthSupramaxilla(rear portion ofupper jaw bone)Preopercle(cheek)InteropercleOpercle (gill cover)Pectoral finPelvic (ventral) finAnal FinLateral LineScutes(bone-like projections)Caudal(tail) finFeatures: The details most readily observed havebeen given top priority, since the angler has onlymoments to decide if a fish is a legal catch.Similar Fish: Many fish have “look-a likes,”other fish that resemble them closely. In suchinstances, the most readily seen differencesare given.Habitat: Many fish are locked into particularhabitats, information that often tells the anglerwhere to drop the hook.Size: Anglers usually judge the size of the fish byits weight. Scientists use length, since age/lengthrelationships are more reliable than age/weight.Notes: This includes the fish’s life history,behavior, and feeding habits.FishingLines 35

What Is It?Fish IdentificationBlue CrabCallinectes sapidusFamily PortunidaeOysters SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD Clams BLACKTIP SHARK stone crabBlue CrabFeatures n Brilliant blue color on their front claws (tips are red in females)with an olive or blueish-green carapace.nPair of paddle shaped legs that are excellent for swimming.nNine marginal teeth behind each eye, within the last pair ofteeth ending in a sharp spine.Habitat Seagrass beds and other submerged aquatic vegetation areasare important nursery habitats for juvenile blue crabs. Adultsutilize grassy and shallow sandy areas.Size Adults can grow up to 9 inchesStone CrabMenippe sppFamily: XanthidaeFeatures n Carapace is smooth and heavy and thick.nClaws are enlarged, stout and dark tipped.n•There are four blunt teeth along the sides.nUsually one claw is larger and if legal can be harvested andthen the crab is returned to the water.nAdults are reddish brown, juveniles are dark blue to purple.Habitat Reefs and rocky areas, oyster bars in shallow to moderate deepareas. Stone crabs burrow in mud, seagrass or oyster beds.Size Adults 2 ½ - 4 inClamsSouthern Quahog (Mercenaria campechiensis)Northern Quahog (Mercenaria mercenaria)Features n Clams are bivalue, or two-shelled.nClams have two muscles (adductors) used to close the shell.nTwo siphons used to draw in or expel sea water.nHatchet-shaped foot used to burrow into sand or mud.Habitat They found in sediments located from high-tide line to under 50 feet ofwater; they are most common on sand or sand-mud bottoms andtolerate a variety of salinities.Size 1” thick across the hingeOystersCrassostrea virginicaFamily OstreidaeFeatures n When feeding, the oyster can pump and filter over9 gallons of water in 1 hour.n Interior white with a purple mussel scar.n Oysters require a hard substrate to grow and often growon the top of other oyster shells.n Oval in shape with a bumpy wrinkled shell.Habitat Oysters flourish in estuaries where nutrient-rich fresh watermeets the salt water36 FishingLines

What Is It?Fish IdentificationSANDBAR SCALLOPED SHARK HAMMERHEAD ATLANTIC SHARPNOSE BLACKTIP SHARKSHORTFIN MAKOShortfin MakoIsurus oxyrinchusFamily Lamnidae, Mackerel SharksFeatures n lunate tail with similarly sized lobesnlateral keel at the base of the tailndeep blue back and white undersidenunderside of sharply pointed snout whitenorigin of first dorsal entirely behind base of pectoral finsnsecond dorsal fin slightly in front of anal finnslender, recurved teeth with smooth edgesSimilar fish white shark, Carcharodon carcharias; longfin mako, Isurus paucusHabitat offshore fish often seen near the surfaceSize commonly 6 to 8 feet (200 to 300 pounds)Notes active, strong swimming fish known for leaping out of the water when hooked;feeds on mackerel, tuna, sardines, and some much larger fishFlorida record 911 lb 12 ozAtlantic Sharpnose SharkRhizoprionodon terraenovaeFamily Carcharhinidae, Requiem SharksFeatures n long and flattened snoutnwhite trailing edge of pectoralnblack-edged dorsal andcaudal fins, especially when youngnmay have small whitish spots on sidesnfurrows in lips at the corners of the mouthnouter margin of teeth notchednsecond dorsal fin originates over middle of anal finnslender body, brown to olive-gray in color with white undersideSimilar fish other carcharhinidsHabitat inshore species, even found in surf; also common in bays and estuaries; adults occur offshoreSize a small species, 2 to 4 feetNotes mature adults between 2 to 2.75 feet long; 4-7 newborns range from 9 to 14 inches in length;adults feed on small fish and crustaceansSandbar SharkCarcharhinus plumbeusFamily Carcharhinidae, Requiem SharksFeatures n snout broadly rounded and shortnfirst dorsal fin triangular and very highnpoorly developed dermal ridge between dorsal finsnbrown or gray in color with white undersidenupper and lower teeth finely serratedSimilar fish dusky shark, Carcharhinus obscurus;bull shark, Carcharhinus leucasHabitat nearshore fish typically found at depths rangingfrom 60 to 200 feetNotes both predator and scavenger, feeding chiefly near the bottomon fish and shellfish; migrates long distances; matures at about 6 feet in length38 FishingLines

Blacknose SharkCarcharhinus acronotusFamily Carcharhinidae, Requiem SharksFeatures n distinctive dusky smudge at snout tip(more prominent in young)nno dark tips on finsnpale olive-gray above, whitish belownfirst dorsal fin begins above rear cornerof pectoral fin no mid dorsal ridgenupper teeth very asymmetrical, thosetoward front coarsely serrated at baseSize to 1.5 m (5 ft.)Habitat common in bays and lagoonsBlacktip SharkCarcharhinus limbatusFamily Carcharhinidae, Requiem SharksFeatures n dark bluish gray (young paler) above, whitish belowndistinctive whitish stripe on flanknInside tip of pectoral fin conspicuously blackndorsal fin, anal fin, and lower lobe of caudalfin also black-tipped in young, fading with growthnfirst dorsal fin begins above axil of pectoral finnsnout long, almost V-shaped from belownno middorsal ridgenupper and lower teeth serrated, nearly symmetricalSize to 2.5 m (8.25 ft.)Habitat principally pelagic, but often comes inshore in large schools, particularly in association with Spanish Mackerel;frequently the most common shark (especially young) in clear-water cuts and along beaches in Fla. and BahamasSimilar species in the Spinner Shark the first dorsal fin begins above a point behind the pectoral fin, and the snout is longerRecord 152 lbScalloped HammerheadSphyrna lewiniFamily Sphyrnidae, Hammerhead SharksFeatures n fifth gill slit shorter than 4 preceding ones, located posterior to pectoral fin basenflattened head extending to hammer-like lobes on each sidendistinct indentation of the front margin of the head at its midpointnsecond dorsal fin longer than tailnteeth smooth-edgedngray-brown to olive in color with white underbellynpectoral fins tipped with black on the undersurfacentips of first and second dorsal lobes and caudalalso may have dusky tipsnpelvic fin with nearly straight hind marginSimilar fish other hammerhead sharksHabitat both offshore and inshoreSize common to 6 feet and can reach 14 feetNotes predatory fish, feeding mainly on fish, squid, and stringrays; male matures at about 6 feet in lengthFlorida record 991 lbFishingLines 39Blacknose BLACKNOSE shark SHARK blacktip BLACKTIP shark SHARKSCALLOPED scalloped HAMMERHEADhammerhead

TarponMegalops atlanticusFamily Elopidae, TarponsFeatures n last ray of dorsal fin extended into long filamentnone dorsal finnback dark blue to green or greenishblack, shading into bright silver on the sidesnmay be brownish gold in estuarine watersnhuge scalesnmouth large and points upwardSimilar species (as juveniles) ladyfish, Elops saurusHabitat primarily inshore fish, although adult fish spawn offshore where the ribbon-like larval stage of the fish can be foundSize most angler catches 40 to 150 poundsNotes slow grower, matures at 7 to 13 years of age; spawning occurs between May and September;female may lay more than 12 million eggs; can tolerate wide range of salinity;juveniles commonly found in fresh water; can breathe air at the surface; feeds mainly on fish and large crustaceansFlorida record 243 lbBonefishAlbula vulpesFamily Albulidae, BonefishesFeatures n silvery color with bluish or greenish backnslender, round bodynsnout long, conical, aiming downwardand overhanging lower jawndark streaks between scales on upper half ofbody and faint crossbands extending down to lateral linenextremities of dorsal and caudal fins shaded with blackSimilar fish ladyfish, Elops saurusHabitat primarily inshore fish inhabiting shallows of the Florida Keys;found in shallows often less than 1 foot deep, usually over lush grass flats, occasionally over white sandSize 3 to 5 poundsNotes travels in loose schools; roots out shrimp, shellfish, crabs, and fish from the bottom; spawns offshore,eggs hatching into ribbon-like larvae that metamorphose into fish-like form at about 2 inches and move inshoreFlorida record 16 lb 3 ozAmerican ShadAlosa sapidissimaFamily Clupeidae, HerringsFeatures n color of back green or greenishblue with metallic lustrensilvery sides, white underneath(colors darken when fish enters fresh water to spawn)nbelly with scutes forming distinct keelnone or more dark spots in a row behind operculumnlower jaw with pointed tip that fits into v-shaped notch in upper jawSimilar fish outer species of Alosa (shad and herring) and Brevoortia (menhaden); menhaden, which are often referred to as “shad,”have a rounder lower jaw tip; American shad is an east coast species replaced on the Panhandle coast by Alabama shadHabitat offshore except during late winter spawning run into east coast rivers, notably the St. Johns RiverNotes anadromous species, coming into fresh water to spawn; young remain in fresh water to length of 2 to 4 inches,then move out to sea; plankton feeder, but strikes small, bright spoons or flies; their roe (as many as 30,000in a single female) is prized, the flesh full of fork bones.TARPON BONEFISHAMERICAN SHADFishingLines 41

What Is It?Fish IdentificationBANK SEA BASS TARPON SNOOK SWORDSPINE SNOOKSwordspine SnookCentropomus ensiferusFamily Centropomidae, SnooksFeatures n smallest of the snooksnprofile slightly concavenprominent lateral line outlined in blackn(not solid), extends through caudal fincolor yellow-green to brown-greenabove, silvery belowngiant second anal spine, hence the namenlargest scales of all snookSimilar fish other CentropomusHabitat occurs in Inshore estuarine habitats from south Florida as far north on east coast as St. Lucie RiverSize usually less than 1 pound (12 inches)Notes full-grown adults are less than 12 inches long; mangrove shoreline habitats serve as nursery areas for young; rare on Florida’s westcoast; prefers only slightly brackish or fresh waterTarpon SnookCentropomus pectinatusFamily Centropomidae, SnooksFeatures n only snook with 7 anal fin rays (others have 6)nlower jaw curves upwardncompressed bodynprominent black lateral lineextends through tailntips of pelvic fins reach beyond anusSimilar fish other CentropomusHabitat inshore in south Florida; frequently in fresh waterSize usually less than 1 pound (12 inches)Notes maximum size 16 to 18 inches; feeds on small fish and larger crustaceans;young are nurtured along mangrove shorelines; rare on Florida’s west coastBank Sea BassCentropristis ocyurusFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n pale olive or brassy-brown in colorwith indistinct black blotchesthat form vertical barrings(the blotch above pectoral fin darker)nwavy blue lines on headnlips purplishbluencaudal fin tri-lobed on adultsnedge of nape unscaledSimilar fish rock sea bass, C. philadelphica; other CentropristisHabitat offshore in deep water with rocks and reefsSize usually 0.3 pounds (8 inches)Notes undergoes sex change, starting life as female, changing to male after three or four spawning seasons;feeds on the bottom, taking squid, crustaceans, and small fish44 FishingLines

Black Sea BassCentropristis striataFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n basic color dark brown or blackndorsal fin has rows and stripes of white on blacknlarge males have iridescent blue and ebonymarkings, and fatty hump in front of dorsal finnfemales may have indistinct vertical barringsntopmost ray of caudal fin much elongated in adultsncaudal may be tri-lobednsharp spine near posterior margin of gill coverSimilar fish bank sea bass, C. ocyurus; other CentropristisHabitat structure-loving fish, associated with reefs and rubble offshore; smaller specimens often found in inshore finger channelsSize common to 1.5 pounds (13 inches)Notes spawns January through March; protogynous hermaphrodites, older females becoming breeding males;omnivorous bottom feeders, diet including small fish, crustaceans, and shellfishFlorida record 5 lb 1 ozRock Sea BassCentropristis philadelphicaFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n color olive-bronze, with dark blotches forming vertical barsndark black blotch on middle of dorsal-fin basentip of lower jaw purplishnbright blue and orange stripes andmarkings on head and finsnfully scaled napentail tri-lobed in adultsSimilar fish bank sea bass, C. ocyurus; other CentropristisHabitat offshore; differs from other sea basses in thatit is often found on sandy or muddy bottomsSize small species, rarely more than 10 inchesNotes spawns January through March; young adults are predominantly female, transforminginto males as they grow older; maximum size about 10 inchesGoliath GrouperEpinephelus itajaraFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n head and fins covered with small black spotsnirregular dark vertical bars present on the sides of bodynpectoral and caudal fin roundednfirst dorsal fin shorter than and not separatedfrom second dorsalnadults huge, up to 800 poundsneyes smallSimilar fish other grouperHabitat nearshore around docks, in deep holes, and on ledges;young often occur in estuaries, especially around oyster bars; more abundant in southern Florida than in northern watersSize largest of the groupersNotes spawns over summer months; lifespan of 30 to 50 years; feeds on crustaceans and fishGoliath Groupers are totally protected from harvest in Florida watersFlorida record 680 lbBLACK SEA BASS ROCK SEA BASSgoliath GrouperFishingLines 45

What Is It?Fish IdentificationNASSAU GROUPER BLACK GROUPER GAGGAGMycteroperca microlepisFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n brownish gray in color with dark worm-like markings on sidesnstrong serrated spur at bottom margin ofpreopercle, less noticeable in large specimensnfins dark, with anal and caudal having white marginntail of gag is slightly concave, black is squarengag has white margin on anal and caudal fins, black does notnoften confused with black grouper; most noticeable differencesare brassy spots on black groupernunder 10 pounds, gag’s spur on preopercle is distinctive, where black is gently roundedSimilar fish black grouper, M. bonaciHabitat adults offshore over rocks and reefs; juveniles occur in seagrass beds inshoreSize common to 25 poundsNotes forms spawning aggregations in water no shallower than 120 feet in Middle Grounds area, January through March;current research to identify similar aggregations off the Atlantic coast is ongoing. Young gags are predominantlyfemale, transforming into males as they grow larger; feeds on fish and squidFlorida record 80 lb 6 ozBlack GrouperMycteroperca bonaciFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n olive or gray body coloration withblack blotches and brassy spotsngently rounded preopercle (See gag above)Similar fish gag, M. microlepis, yellowfin grouper, M. venenosaHabitat offshore species; adults associated with rockybottoms, reef, and dropoff walls in water over 60 feet deep;young may occur inshore in shallow waterSize common to 40 pounds, may attain weights exceeding 100 pounds.Notes spawns between May and August; protogynous hermaphrodites, young predominately female, transforminginto males as they grow larger; larger individuals generally in greater depths; feeds on fish and squidFlorida record 113 lb 6 ozNassau GrouperEpinephelus striatusFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n stripe in shape of tuning fork on foreheadnthird spine of dorsal longer than secondnpelvic fins shorter than pectoralsncolor light background with brown or red-brown bars on sidesnlack dots around the eyesnlarge black saddle on caudal peduncleSimilar fish red grouper, E. morioHabitat range limited to south Florida; somewhat site specific; smaller individuals nearshore, adults offshore on rocky reefsSize most catches under 10 poundsNotes forms large spawning aggregations, making this species highly vulnerable to over-harvestall harvest of this species is prohibitedFlorida record 9 lb46 FishingLines

Red GrouperEpinephelus morioFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n color brownish rednlining of mouth scarlet-orangenblotches on sides in unorganized patternnsecond spine of dorsal fin longer than othersnpectoral fins longer than pelvic finsnsquared-off tailnblack dots around the eyesnmargin of soft dorsal black with white at midfinSimilar fish nassau grouper, E. striatusHabitat bottom dwelling fish associated with hard bottom; juvenilesoffshore along with adults greater than 6 years old; nearshore reefsSize common to 15 poundsNotes spawns in April and May; prefer water temperatures between 66 and 77 degrees F; undergoes sex change, youngindividuals female, becoming male as they age, lifespan of at least 25 years; feeds on squid, crustaceans, and fishFlorida record 42 lb 4 ozSCAMPMycteroperca phenaxFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n color light gray or brownnlarge adults with elongated caudal-fin raysnreddish-brown spots on sidesthat tend to be grouped into linesnsome yellow around corners of mouthSimilar fish yellowmouth grouper, M. interstitalisHabitat Nearshore reefs off the northeastern coast,and on offshore reefs in the GulfSize generally smaller than gags or blacksNotes spawns in late spring; feed on small fish, squid, and crustaceans;undergoes sex transformation from female to male as it becomes olderFlorida record 28 lb 6 ozYellowfin GrouperMycteroperca venenosaFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n color highly greenish olive or brightred with longitudinal rows or darkernblack blotches over entire fishnouter one-third of pectoral fins bright yellownlower parts of larger fish with smallbright red spotsSimilar fish black grouper, M. bonaci, other grouperHabitat Offshore on reefs off southern portions of FloridaSize common to 20 poundsNotes undergoes sex reversal from female to male in latter part of life;specific name translates to “venomous,” alluding to the fact that this fish, perhapsmore frequently than other groupers, is associated with ciguatera poisoning; feeds on fish and squidFlorida record 34 lb 6 ozRED GROUPER SCAMPYELLOWFIN GROUPERFishingLines 47

What Is It?Fish IdentificationSAND PERCH WARSAW GROUPER YELLOWMOUTH GROUPERYellowmouth GrouperMycteroperca interstitialisFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n color tan or brown with darker spotsnspots, or a network of spots, fused into linesndistinct yellow wash behind the jawsnyellow around the eyesnouter edges of fins yellowishSimilar fish scamp, M. phenaxHabitat offshore over reefs and rocks;not as common as scamp in the Gulf;range limited to southern FloridaSize common to 15 poundsNotes undergoes sex change, young individuals female, becoming male;young fish are bicolored, dark above, white below; feeds on small fish and crustaceansFlorida record 28 lbWarsaw GrouperEpinephelus nigritusFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n uniformly dark brown, with no distinctive markingsndorsal fin with 10 spinesnsecond spine very long (much longer than third)ncaudal fin squared-offnrear nostril larger than front nostrilnyoung: Caudal fin yellowdark saddle on caudal pedunclensome whitish spots on bodySize to 1.8 m (6 ft.). and 263 kg (580 lbs.)Habitat deep rocky ledges and sea mounts, in 90-300 m (300-1000 ft.)Young are sometimes caught in inshore watersFlorida record 436 lb 12 ozSand PerchDiplectrum formosumFamily Serranidae, Sea Basses and GrouperFeatures n body and dorsal fins with many dark brownnbars and alternating orangeand blue horizontal linesnhead with many blue linesnpreopercular spines very well developedngrouped in 2 radiating clusters witha deep notch between themnupper lobe of caudal fin prolonged in adultsSize to 30 cm (1 ft.)Habitat bays, coastal grassy areas, and shallow banksNotes popular as a pan fish despite its small size48 FishingLines

BluefishPomatomus saltatrixFamily Pomatomidae, BluefishesFeatures n color blue or greenish blue on back, sides silverynmouth largenteeth prominent, sharp, and compressedndorsal and anal fins nearly the same sizenscales small; lateral line almost straightSimilar fish blue runner, C. crysosHabitat young usually inshore spring and summer, moving offshore to join adults fall and winter;strong migration of northeast Atlantic stock to Florida east coast in winterSize most west coast catches under 3 pounds, much larger on east coastNotes travels in large schools, following schools of baitfish; cannibalistic;all members of a given school about the same size; spawning occurs offshore in spring and summerFlorida record 22 lb 2 ozCobia (ling)Rachycentron canadumFamily Rachycentridae, CobiaFeatures n long, slim fish with broad depressed headnlower jaw projects past upper jawndark lateral stripe extends through eye to tailnfirst dorsal fin comprised of 7 to 9 free spinesnwhen young,has conspicuous alternatingblack and white horizontal stripesSimilar fish remora, Eceneis naucratesHabitat both inshore and nearshore inhabitating inlets, bays, and among mangroves;frequently seen around buoys, pilings, and wrecksSize common to 30 poundsNotes spawns in spring and early summer; feeds on crabs, squid, and small fishFlorida record 130 lb 1 ozAlmaco JackSeriola rivolianaFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n deep-bodied amberjacknsometimes darker in colorationnfront of soft dorsal and of anal finshigh and elongatednbody more flattened than bandedrudderfish or greater amberjacknno scutesSimilar fish other SeriolaHabitat wide-ranging in offshore waters, not a common catch;young are associated with SargassumSize usually less than 20 poundsNotes spawns offshore, apparently during spring, summer, and fallBLUEFISH COBIAALMACO JACKFishingLines 49

What Is It?Fish IdentificationLESSER AMBERJACK GREATER AMBERJACK BANDED RUDDERFISHBanded RudderfishSeriola zonataFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n fish less than 11 inches long have dark band from eyeto first dorsal fin and six prominent bars on bodynlarger fish are bluish, greenish, or brownnsoft dorsal base about twice the lengthof the anal finntail-lobe white tippedSimilar fish other SeriolaHabitat nearshore and offshore over hard bottom, generally in shallowerwater than other amberjacks; young associated with weed linesor floating debris and may follow sharks and other large fishSize usually less than 10 poundsNotes adults feed on fish and shrimp; spawns offshore most of yearGreater AmberjackSeriola dumeriliFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n dark stripe (variably present) extends from noseto in front of dorsal fin and “lights up” when fishis in feeding modenno scutesnsoft dorsal base less than twice the lengthof the anal fin baseSimilar fish other SeriolaHabitat offshore species associated with rocky reefs, debris, and wrecks,typically in 60-240 feet of water; sometimes caught nearshore in south Florida;juveniles associate with floating objects and may occur in water less than 30 feet deepSize common to 40 poundsNotes largest of the jacks; thought to spawn offshore throughout much of the year; feeds on squid, fish, and crustaceansFlorida record 142 lbLesser AmberjackSeriola fasciataFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n olive green or brownish back and silver sidesndarkband (variably present) extends backwardand upward from eyenjuveniles have split or wavy bars on sidesnproportionately larger eye and deeperbody than greater amberjackSimilar fish other SeriolaHabitat nearshore and offshore, apparently living deeperthan other Seriola (commonly 180-410 feet deep)Size usually under 10 poundsNotes believed to spawn offshore; adults eat fish, and squidJuvenile50 FishingLines

Blue RunnerCaranx crysosFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n color light olive to bluish green above,silvery gray to golden belownfrequently black spot on operculumnreadily distinguished from crevalle jackby lack of a dark blotch on the pectoral finntail tips blackishSimilar fish bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, other CaranxHabitat juveniles found offshore; adults nearshore in schools,but something ranging inshore as well.Size usually less than 1 pound (11 inches)Notes matures by 9 to 10 inches; spawns offshore from January through August; young form schools associatedwith floating objects, and have been observed living inside the bell of jellyfish; adults feed on fish, shrimp, and squidFlorida record 8 lb 5 ozCrevalle JackCaranx hipposFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n color bluish-green to greenish-gold back and silvery or yellowish bellynsoft dorsal and anal fins almost identical in sizenprominent black spot on operculum (gill cover)nblack spot at the base of each pectoral finnno scales on throatSimilar fish other CaranxHabitat common to both inshore waters and the open seaSize usually 3 to 5 poundsNotes tolerates a wide range of salinities; schools corner a pod ofbaitfish at the surface and feed with commotion that can be seen for great distances;feeds mainly on small fish; peak spawning occurs offshore from March through SeptemberFlorida record 57 lbPalometaTrachinotus goodeiFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n gray to blue-green on top of head and along the backnbright silvery sides, yellow on breastnelongated dorsal and anal fins,dusky or black with bluish edgesndeep body, with four narrow bars highon the sides, and traces of a fifth nearer the tailnno scutesSimilar fish pompano, T. carolinus, permit, T. falcatusHabitat in clear water along sandy beaches and bays,occasionally found over reefs; most common in south FloridaSize rarely over 1 pound, reported to 3 poundsNotes thought to spawn offshore in spring, summer, and fall;has shown rapid growth in mariculture experiments; readily strikes small artificial luresBLUE RUNNER CREVALLE JACKPALOMETAFishingLines 51

What Is It?Fish IdentificationRound Scad FLORIDA POMPANO PERMITPermitTrachinotus falcatusFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n color gray, dark or iridescent blue above, shading to silverysides, in dark waters showing golden tints around breastnsmall permit have teeth on tongue (none on pompano)nno scutesndorsal fin insertion directly above that of the anal finn17 to 21 soft dorsal rays, 16 to 19 soft anal raysSimilar fish Florida pompano, T. carolinus; the permit is deeper bodied;dorsal body profile forms angle at insertion of second dorsal fin;pompano rarely grow larger than 6 pounds, permit common to 40 pounds.Habitat offshore on wrecks and debris, inshore on grass flats, sand flats, and in channels;most abundant in south Florida, with smaller specimens from every coastal countySize common to 25 poundsNotes feeds mainly on bottom-dwelling crabs, shrimp, small clams, and small fishFlorida record 56 lb 2 ozFlorida PompanoTrachinotus carolinusFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n greenish gray on back, shading to silvery sidesnfish in dark waters showing yellow on throat, pelvic,and anal finsndeep flattened body with small mouthnno scutesn22 to 27 soft dorsal raysn20 to 23 soft anal raysnorigin of anal fin slightly behind origin of second dorsalSimilar fish permit, T. falcatus; palometa, T. goodei; the permit is deeper bodied;dorsal body profile not strongly angled at insertion of second dorsal fin;pompano rarely grow larger than 6 pounds, permit common to 40 poundsHabitat inshore and nearshore waters, especially along sandy beaches, along oyster bars,and over grassbeds, often in turbid water; may be found in water as deep as 130 feetSize usually less than 3 poundsNotes spawns offshore between March and September; feeds on mollusks and crustaceans, especially sand fleas;local movements are influenced by the tide, and seasonal movements are influenced by temperatureFlorida record 8 lb 4 ozRound ScadDecapterus punctatusFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosOther names cigar minnowFeatures n long, fusiformngreenish-blue fading to silver on sides, belly whitennarrow, yellowish stripe from head to caudal peduncleHabitat midwater or bottom from shallow water to about50 fathoms, juveniles sometimes at surfaceSize to 12”Notes 2 small papillae on shoulder distinguish scads from other carangids52 FishingLines

Bigeye ScadSelar crumenophthalmusFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n eye very large – diameter greater than snout lengthnno detached dorsal and anal finletsntwo widely separated fleshly tabson inside of rear edge of gill chambernscutes present only on rearpart of lateral lineSize to 60 cm (2 ft.)., but usually less than 30 cm (1 ft.)LookdownSelene vomerFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n silvery, iridescent, sometimes with brassy highlightsnbody extremely compressed and deep, platelikenfront of head very steep; lobes at front ofsoft dorsal and anal fins very longnpelvic fins smallnlateral line arched toward frontnyoung: spines at front of dorsal fin and raysin pelvic fin streamerlikeSize to 30 cm (1ft.)Horse-eye JackCaranx latusFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n similar in shape to the Crevalle jack, but front of head less steepnblackish blotch at edge of opercle small, poorly defined, or absentnno dark blotch on pectoral finnentire chest scaly except in individualsless than 75 mm (3 in.) longnscutes usually blackishncaudal fin yellowishn20 to 22 soft rays in dorsal finn14 to 18 gill rakers on lower limb of first archSize to 75 cm (30 in.) and 3.8 kg (8.5 lbs.)Florida record 25 lb 12 ozBIGEYE SCAD LOOKDOWNHORSE-EYE JACKFishingLines 53

What Is It?Fish IdentificationAFRICAN POMPANO ATLANTIC BUMPER LEATHERJACKETLeatherjacketOligoplites saurusFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n body silvery, bluish abovenfins yellownrear parts of dorsal and anal finsconsist of a series of finletsnspinous dorsal fin has 5 well-developed,unconnected spinesnlateral line nearly straightnscales tiny, embeddednskin appears smoothSize to 30 cm (1 ft.)Habitat enters bays and estuaries, often in turbid waterAtlantic BumperChloroscombrus chrysurusFamily Carangidae, Jacks and PompanosFeatures n silvery to golden belownanal and caudal fins yellowishnconspicuous black saddle oncaudal peduncle and small blackarea at edge of operclenlower profile more arched thanupper profilenlateral line strongly arched toward frontSize to 30 cm (1 ft.)Habitat one of the most abundant inshore fishes in tropical America; commonly enters bays and estuariesAfrican PompanoAlectis ciliarisFamily Carangidae, JacksFeatures n body is deep and compressedncoloration is metalic-blue above,silvery belownsnout is bluntnpelvic fins are longer than the maxillansecond dorsal and anal fins are falcateSize to 91cm (3 ft.) and 19 kg (42 lbs)Habitat young are found in the open ocean. Adults arefound to depths of 55m (180 ft.) often associatedwith reefs, wrecks and rock ledgesNotes great fighter and good to eat. Often found in schools over structureFlorida record 50 lb 8 oz54 FishingLines

TripletailLobotes surinamensisFamily Lobotidae, TripletailsFeatures n head and body variously mottled,tan to dark brownnfins (except spinous dorsal andpectoral fins) almost blacknpale olive band across base of caudal finnbroad, dark brown bar from eye across cheekbelow corner of preopercle, and another fromupper corner of eye to beginning of dorsal finntwo dark streaks on top of head, behind nostrilsnupper profile concave at napenedge of preopercle strongly serratedSize to 1.1 m (42 in.)Florida record 40 lb 13 ozBlackfin SnapperLutjanus buccanellaFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n color generally red, with yellowishcaudal, anal, and pelvic finsndistinctive and prominent dark comma-shapedblotch at the base of the pectoral fins, whichgives the fish its common namenanal fin rounded; no black spot on sideunderneath dorsal finSimilar fish other snappersHabitat adults offshore near continental shelf break.Size common to 20 inches, larger individuals found in deeper watersNotes sometimes marketed as red snapper; feeds on smaller fishesCubera SnapperLutjanus cyanopterusFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n color dark brown or gray, mayhave a reddish tingenbroad-based triangular tooth patchon roof of mouth without a posterior extensionndespite its specific name, which translates to“blue-fin,” the fins have only a slight tinge of bluencanine teeth in both jaws very strongnone pair of canines enlarged and visibleeven when mouth is closedSimilar fish gray snapper, L. griseus (gray snapper has anchor shaped tooth patch on roof of mouth), other snappersHabitat juveniles inshore in grass beds; adults offhore or nearshore over wrecks, reefs, and ledgesSize common to 40 poundsNotes the largest of the snappers, ranging to 125 pounds; not common anywherein its range; feeds on fishes and larger crustaceans; in the Keys, spawns during later summerFlorida record: 116 lbTRIPLETAIL BLACKFIN SNAPPERCUBERA SNAPPERFishingLines 55

What Is It?Fish IdentificationLANE SNAPPER GRAY SNAPPER DOG SNAPPERDog SnapperLutjanus jocuFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n color brown with a bronze tinge, lighter on sidesncanine teeth very sharp, one pair notably enlarged,visible even when mouth is closednin adults, pale triangle and a light blueinterrupted line below the eyenno dark spot on body underneath dorsal finSimilar fish schoolmaster, L. apodus (no white triangle undereye, and fins are more yellow), other snappersHabitat large adults offshore over coral and rocky reefs;juveniles associated with estuariesSize large snapper, attaining 30 poundsNotes spawns from spring through fall; known as a night feeder, taking fishes, mollusks, and crustaceansGray Snapper (mangrove snapper)Lutjanus griseusFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n color dark brown or gray with reddish or orange spots inrows along the sides dark horizontal band from snoutthrough eye (young only)ntwo conspicuous canine teeth at front of upper jawndorsal fins have dark or reddish bordersnno spot on side underneath dorsal finSimilar fish cubera snapper, L. cyanopterusHabitat juveniles inshore in tidal creeks, mangroves, and grass beds;adults generally nearshore or offshore on coral or rocky reefsSize offshore catches common to 10 poundsNotes spawns June through August; feeds on crustaceans and small fishLane SnapperLutjanus synagrisFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n color silvery-pink to reddish with short, irregularpink and yellow lines on its sidesndiffuse black spot, about as large as the eyenthe dorsal fin centered above the lateral linenouter margin of caudal fin blackishSimilar fish mutton snapper, L. analis (anal fin rounded in lanesnapper, pointed in mutton)Habitat juveniles inshore over grass beds or shallow reefs; adults offshore;most common in south FloridaSize usually less than 1 poundNotes spawns March to September, sexually mature at 6 inches; feeds on the bottom, taking crustaceans, mollusks, and fishFlorida record 6 lb 6 oz56 FishingLines

Mahogany SnapperLutjanus mahogoniFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n color grayish-olive with a reddish tingenconspicuous dark spot, about the size of the eye,below the soft dorsal fin, 1/4 to 1/2 of it belowthe lateral linenthe large eye and caudal fin are bright rednlower margin of the preopercle has prominentspur with strong and sharp serrationsSimilar fish lane snapper, L. synagris (also with dark spotbelow soft dorsal the blotch placed higher inrelation to the lateral line on lane snapper)Habitat nearshore or offshore in clear water, usually over reefsSize relatively small snapper, common to 15 inchesNotes the Spanish name, ojanco, refers to its large eyes; a night feeder, with diet of smaller fishesMutton SnapperLutjanus analisFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n color olive green on back and upper sidesnall fins below the lateral line having reddish tingenbright blue line below eye, following contour of operculumnanal fin pointednsmall black spot below dorsal finnv-shaped tooth patch on roof of mouthSimilar fish lane snapper, L. synagris (anal fin pointed inmutton snapper, rounded in lane).Habitat inshore associated with grassbeds, mangroves, and canals;larger adults found on offshore reefsSize common to 15 poundsNotes spawns in July and August; feeds on fish, crustaceans, and snailsFlorida record 30 lb 4 ozQueen SnapperEtelis oculatusFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n color of back and upper sides red, lower sides silverynbody long and slenderndorsal fin distinctly notchednlarge eyesncaudal fin deeply forkednno dark lateral spotSimilar fish other snappersHabitat offshore over rocky reefs of the continental shelf to 450 feet; young suspend at mid-depthsSize small species, usually less than 20 inchesNotes little is known, but it is reported that adults live at depths greater than 400 feetMAHOGANY SNAPPER MUTTON SNAPPERQUEEN SNAPPERFishingLines 57

What Is It?Fish IdentificationSILK SNAPPER SCHOOLMASTER RED SNAPPERRed SnapperLutjanus campechanusFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n color pinkish red over entire body, whitish belownlong triangular snoutnanal fin sharply pointednno dark lateral spotnred eyeSimilar fish silk snapper, L. vivanusHabitat offshore on the continental shelf, more plentifuloff the Panhandle than in south or middle FloridaSize to 20 poundsNotes juveniles occur over sandy or mud bottoms and are often taken in shrimp trawls;adults may live more than 20 years, and attain 35 pounds or more; sexual maturity attained at age 2;spawns June to October; feeds on crustaceans and fishFlorida record 46 lb 8 ozSchoolmasterLutjanus apodusFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n color olive gray on upper sides with yellow tinge, sometimeswith reddish tinge around headnlong triangular snoutneight pale vertical bars on the side of the bodynyellow finsnblue stripe below eye, becoming interrupted in adultsnno dark lateral spotSimilar fish dog snapper, L. jocu, other snappersHabitat juveniles in grass flats; adults nearshore especially around elkhorn coral reefs;large adults sometimes found on continental shelfSize usually less than 1 poundNotes spawns July and August; attain sizes of 8 pounds and 24 inches; slow grower; feeds on crustaceans, small fishes, and gastropodsSilk SnapperLutjanus vivanusFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n back and upper sides pinkish red, shadingto silvery sides with undulating yellow linesnpectoral fins pale yellownback edge of caudal fin blackishnanal fin pointednno dark lateral spotnyellow eyeSimilar fish red snapper, L. campechanusHabitat offshore over rocky ledges in very deep water;most common in south FloridaSize usually less than 5 poundsNotes little is known58 FishingLines

Vermilion SnapperRhomboplites aurorubensFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n color of entire body reddish, with a series of short,irregular lines on its sides, diagonal blue lines formedby spots on the scales above the lateral linensometimes with yellow streaksbelow the lateral linenlarge canine teeth absentnorientation of mouth and eye give itthe appearance of looking upwardnno darklateral spotHabitat suspends at mid-depths over rocky reefs offshoreSize usually less than 2 poundsNotes spawns April to September, females maturing at 3 to 4 years of age; grows slowly; attains a weightof 6 pounds and length of 24 inches; feeds on small, swimming crustaceans and mollusksYellowtail SnapperOcyurus chrysurusFamily Lutjanidae, SnappersFeatures n back and upper sides olive to bluish with yellow spotsnlower sides and belly with alternating narrow,longitudinal pink and yellow stripesnprominent mid lateral yellow stripe beginsat mouth and runs to tail, broadening asit passes the dorsal finsncaudal fin yellow and deeply forkednno dark lateral spotsHabitat juveniles inshore on grassbeds and back reefs; adults nearshore or offshore over sandy areas near reefs.Size common to 3 poundsNotes found mainly in tropical waters; spawns in mid summer;rarely exceeds 30 inches and 5 pounds in size; feeds on small fish and invertebratesFlorida record 8 lb 9 ozHogfishLachnolaimus maximusFamily Labridae, WrassesFeatures n body deep, strongly compressedncolor varies, but never bicolored, usually reddish, sometimes bright brick rednsoft dorsal fin with a large dark spot at basenentire top of head nape purplish brown in large males, this patch ofcolor continuous with blackish area thatextends along entire base of dorsal finnlarge blackish crescent through base of caudal finnpelvic fin with dusky tipnmouth very protrusiblen14 spines in dorsal fin - first 3 elongate, bladelike rays at frontof soft dorsal and anal fins and lower lobes of caudal fin elongateYoung greenish or brownish, mottled with darkSize to 91 cm (3ft.)Notes esteemed as a food fish in some areas, but has been implicated in ciguatera; usually marketed as Hog SnapperFlorida record 19 lb 8 ozVERMILION SNAPPER YELLOWTAIL SNAPPERHOGFISHFishingLines 59

What Is It?Fish IdentificationRED PORGY SHEEPSHEAD GRAY TRIGGERFISHGray TriggerfishBalistes capriscusFamily Balistidae, LeatherjacketsFeatures n entirely olive-grayndorsal and anal fins marbledncaudal fin lobes elongate in large adultsnone or more enlarged scales behind gill openingn26 to 29 dorsal fin raysn23 to 26 anal fin rays.nyoung: large darker saddles on back(these saddles sometimes persit in adults)nblue spots and short blue lines in dorsal finand on upper half of body, becoming whitebelow and in anal finnupper rim of eye blueHabitat hardbottom, reefs, ledgesFlorida record 12 lb 7 ozSheepsheadArchosargus probatocephalusFamily Sparidae, PorgiesFeatures n basic silvery color, with 5 or 6 distinct vertical blackbars on sides, not always the same on both sidesnprominent teeth, including incisors, molars,and rounded grindersnno barbels on lower jawnstrong and sharp spines on dorsal and anal finsSimilar fish black drum, Pogonias cromis, Atlantic spadefish, Chaetodipterusfaber (blackdrum have barbels on lower jaw, sheepshead do not;vertical barring on sides of black drum and spadefish disappearas fish mature; spadefish have small, brush-like teeth)Habitat Inshore around oyster bars, seawalls and in tidal creeks; moves nearshore in late winterand early spring for spawning, gathering over rocks, artificial reefs, and around navigation markersSize Inshore, 1 to 2 pounds; offshore, common to 8 poundsNotes feeds on mollusks and crustaceans such as fiddler crabs and barnacles;famed nibblers, prompting the saying that “anglers must strike just before they bite”Florida record 15 lb 2 ozRed PorgyPagrus pagrusFamily Sparidae, PorgiesFeatures n the only American porgy with a rear nostrilthat is round (not slit-like)nhead and body silvery red, withmany tiny blue spotsSize to 91 cm (3 ft.)Habitat deeper part of continental shelf, but youngoccur in water as shallow as 18 m (60 ft.)60 FishingLines

Jolthead PorgyCalamus bajonadoFamily Sparidae, PorgiesFeatures n generally silvery to brassy, with a bluish castnfront of head brown, with blue linealong lower rim of eyena whitish stripe below eye, and anotherbetween eye and mouthncorner of mouth orangeSize to 60 cm (2 ft.) and 3.6 kg (8 lbs.)Habitat coastal waters to 45 m (150 ft.)Knobbed PorgyCalamus nodosusFamily Sparidae, PorgiesFeatures n body deepnfront profile very steepnnape projects strongly in large adultsnbody generally silvery, with a rosy castncheek and snout dark purplish gray,with many bronze spotsnlarge blue spot at axil of pectoral finSize to 46 cm (18 in.)Habitat hardbottom, reefs, ledgesGrass PorgyCalamus arctifronsFamily Sparidae, PorgiesFeatures n pale tan to silveryndark olive abovendark bar across nape extends througheye to corner of mouthndark blotches on body, in about 5 verticaland 4 horizontal series, suggestinginterrupted bars and stripesnblotch near front of lateral line most prominentndark V at base of caudal finnlobes of caudal fin with dark barsJOLTHEAD PORGY KNOBBED PORGYGRASS PORGYSize to 25 cm (10 in.)Habitat inshore seagrass bedsFishingLines 61

What Is It?Fish IdentificationSPOTTAIL PINFISH Pinfish LITTLEHEAD PORGYLittlehead PorgyCalamus proridensFamily Sparidae, PorgiesFeatures n similar to the knobbed porgy, but snoutand cheekbluish gray, with many wavy,dark blue linesnareas between lines sometimes brassyneach scale on upper body has a darkbluish line through the centernthese lines unite to form a narrow linealong each scale rowSize to 46 cm (18 in.)PinfishLagodon rhomboidesFamily Sparidae, PorgiesFeatures n small mouth with incisor-like teethndistinctive black spot behind the gill covernbody bluish-silver with blue and orange-yellowhorizontal stripes, yellow finsHabitat n seagrass beds, bridges, piers, marker pilings,and around natural and artificial reefs;spawn offshoreSize usually less than 8 inNotes popular live bait, notorious bait stealersSpottail PinfishDiplodus holbrookiFamily Sparidae, PorgiesFeatures n dark saddle on caudal peduncle sometimesforms a complete ring around peduncle in adultsneight faint bars on body, alternately long and shortnmore prominent in youngnedge of opercular membrane blackishnpelvic and anal fins dusky brown,dorsal fin less darkSize to 46 cm (18 in.)Habitat inshore seagrass beds, offshore rocks and reefs62 FishingLines

White GruntHaemulon plumieriFamily Haemulidae, GruntsFeatures n body color light bluish-gray, head with horizontalblue stripes, white underbelly black blotch on preoperclenmargin of each scale bronzenlarge bright orange mouthnscales above lateral line larger thanscales below lateral lineSimilar fish other gruntsHabitat from shore to the outer reef edge or on offshorehard bottom to 115 feet; most abundant in waterless than 80 feet deep; juveniles inshoreSize most catches 1.5 pounds (15 inches)Notes audible grunting is produced by grinding of the pharyngeal teeth, with air bladder acting as amplifier; spawningoccurs on offshore hard bottoms or reefs from May through June; feeds on crustaceans, mollusks, and small fishesPigfishOrthopristis chrysopteraFamily Haemulidae, GruntsFeatures n gray, often with a bluish castnmany bronze to yellowish spots, dashes,and other small markingsnmouth small, ending below front nostrilSize to 38 cm (15 in.)Habitat bay and banks; not on reefsin water less than 60 ftTomtateHaemulon aurolineatumFamily Haemulidae, GruntsOther names silver gruntFeatures n bright orange mouth liningnlight coloredngray to tan on backnyellow to brown stripe from headto base of tail finnblack blotch at base of tail finfades away in larger specimensHabitat bottom fish found around reefs and hard bottom areasSize can reach 10 to 11 inches, weighs less than 1 lb.;commonly used to catch larger fishNotes not usually eaten due to small sizeWHITE GRUNT PIGFISHTomTateFishingLines 63

What Is It?Fish Identificationred drum black drum Atlantic croakerAtlantic CroakerMicropogonias undulatusFamily Sciaenidae, DrumsFeatures n inferior mouthnsilver-gray or bronze body with dark oblique wavy bars or linesn3 to 5 pairs of small barbels on chinniridescent especially on headnpreopercle strongly serratedSimilar fish spot, Leiostomus xanthurus (has no chinbarbels and has a dark blotch on shoulder)Size usually less than 2 poundsHabitat generally found north of Tampa Bay on the west coast, and northof Cape Canaveral on the east coast; young fish found in estuaries; older fish (2 to 3 years) inhabit deepoffshore waters during the winter months and move into bays and estuaries during the spring, summer, and fallNotes during spawning becomes bronze or yellow in color; spawning apparently occurs offshore in fall; longevity 2 to 4 yearsFlorida record 4 lb 15 ozBlack DrumPogonias cromisFamily Sciaenidae, DrumsFeatures n high arched backn10 to 14 pairs of chin barbelsngray or black colored body in adultsnyoung have 4 to 6 vertical barsnscales largenhas cobblestone-like teeth capable of crushing oystersSimilar fish red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus the vertical bars on juvenile black drumare somewhat similar to those on sheepshead, Archosargus probatocephalus; and spadefish, Chaetodipterus faber.Habitat inshore fish common to bays and lagoons; bottom dweller often found around oyster beds; also offshoreSize common to 30 poundsNotes largest member of the drum family; spawns nearshore in winter and early spring;feeds on oysters, mussels, oysters, crabs, shrimp, and occasionally fish; longevity to 35 or more yearsFlorida record 96 lbRed DrumSciaenops ocellatusFamily Sciaenidae, DrumsOther names redfishFeatures n chin without barbelsncopper-bronze body, lighter shade in clear watersnone to many spots at base of tail (rarely no spots)nmouth horizontal and opening downwardnscales largeSimilar fish black drum, Pogonias cromisHabitat juveniles are an inshore fish, migrating out of the estuaries at about30 inches (4 years) and joining the spawning population offshoreSize common to 20 poundsNotes red drum are an inshore species until they attain roughly 30 inches (4 years), then migrate to join the nearshore population; spawningoccurs from August to November in nearshore waters; feeds on crustaceans, fish, and mollusks; longevity to 20 years or moreFlorida record 52 lb 5 oz64 FishingLines

Sand SeatroutCynoscion arenariusFamily Sciaenidae, DrumsFeatures n pale body color, yellow above, silver to white belownone or two prominent canine teeth usually at tip of upper jawninside of mouth yellownno well-defined black spots on backn10 to 12 soft rays in anal fin; no chin barbels.Similar fish silver seatrout, C. nothus.Habitat a Gulf species, that may occur in the Atlantic watersof extreme southeastern Florida; adults predominantlyfound inshore residing in bays and inlets, but may moveoffshore during winter months; young occur inshore in shallow bays.Size usually less than 1 pound (10 to 12 inches).Notes matures during first or second year; prolonged inshore spawning season extends through spring and summer; feeds mainly on smallfish and shrimpSilver SeatroutCynoscion nothusFamily Sciaenidae, DrumsFeatures n pale straw-colored above, silvery sides and white belownno distinctive pigmentation, although faint diagonallines may be present on upper bodyn8 to 9 rays in the anal finnlarge eyesnshort snoutnone to two prominent canine teeth usually present at tip of upper jaw;nlower half of tail longer than upper half.Similar fish other seatrouts.Habitat most common over sand or sandy mud bottoms offshore along both the Gulf and the Atlantic coasts of Florida.Size usually no more than 1/2 pound (less than 10 inches).Notes smallest seatrout; spawns offshore in deep water during spring, summer, and fall; feeds on small fish and shrimpSpotted SeatroutCynoscion nebulosusFamily Sciaenidae, DrumsFeatures n dark gray or green above, with sky-blue tinges shading tosilvery and white belownNumerous distinct round black spots on back,extending to the dorsal fins and tailnno barbels and no scales on the soft dorsal finnone or two prominent canine teeth usuallypresent at tip of upper jaw.Similar fish other seatrout.Habitat Inshore and/or nearshore over grass, sand, and sandy mud bottoms; move into slow-moving or still, deep waters in cold weather.Size common to 4 pounds on west coast, larger on east coast.Notes matures during first or second year and spawns inshore from March through November, often in association with seagrass beds; livesmainly in estuaries and moves only short distances; adults feed mainly on shrimp and small fish; prefers water temperatures between58 and 81 degrees F, may be killed if trapped in shallow water during cold weather; longevity 8 to 10 years.Florida record 17 lb 6 ozsand seatrout silver seatroutspotted seatroutFishingLines 65

What Is It?Fish IdentificationGulf Kingfish Weakfish Silver PerchSilver PerchBairdiella chrysouraFamily Sciaenidae, DrumsFeatures n color silvery with yellowish finsnno spotsnno chin barbelsnno prominent canine teeth at tip of upper jawnpreopercle finely serratedn5 to 6 chin poresnmouth terminalSimilar fish sand seatrout, Cynoscion arenarius (the seatrouts usually have 1 or 2prominent canine teeth at tip of upper jaw and do not have chin pores)Habitat inshore in seagrass beds, tidal creeks and rivers, and marshesSize small, not exceeding 9 inchesNotes spawning takes place in shallow, saline portions of bays and other inshore areas, peaking between May and September;matures by second or third year (about 6 inches); adults eat crustaceans and small fishes; may live to 6 yearsWeakfishCynoscion regalisFamily Sciaenidae, DrumsFeatures n dark olive or blue-green backnsides covered in tones of blue, purple,lavender, gold, and coppernirregular diagonal rows of vaguely defineddark spots appear above the lateral linen1 to 2 prominent canine teeth usually present at tip of upper jawnblack margin on tip of the tonguenpelvic and anal fins yellownpectoral fins olive on outside, yellow underneathSimilar fish other seatroutsHabitat an Atlantic coast fish, possibly found in the extreme southeastern Gulf;adults move inshore and north during warm months inhabiting the surf, inlets, bays, channels, and estuaries;adults move offshore and south during cold months; juveniles inhabit estuaries which serve as nurseriesSize 2 to 3 poundsNotes may mature as early as age 1; spawns in nearshore or estuarine areas between April and October;schooling fish; feeds primarily on shrimp and fish.Florida record 10 lbGulf KingfishMenticirrhus littoralisFamily Sciaenidae, DrumsFeatures n similar to the Southern Kingfish but caudal fin has a blackish tipnside silvery, without dark marksntip of spinous dorsal fin often duskynlining of gill cavity silverynscales on chest noticeably smallerthan those on sideSize to 46 cm (18 in.)Habitat at water’s edge, in surf66 FishingLines

Southern KingfishMenticirrhus americanusFamily Sciaenidae, DrumsFeatures n grayish brown above, with silvery sidesn7 to 8 diagonal dusky bars or blotches on eachside, but these marks are obscure and nevernform V-shaped marks on sidenscales on chest about same sizeas those on body.Size to 38 cm (15 in.) and 1 kg (2 lbs.).Habitat shallow coastal waters; common along beachesSpotLeiostomus xanthurusFamily Sciaenidae, DrumsFeatures n the only drum in our region with a distinctlyforked caudal finnBluish to brownish abovenbrassy on sidensilvery to white belowndistinct brownish spot on shouldern12 to 15 narrow, diagonal dark lineson upper body.Size to 36 cm (14 in.)Notes a popular pan fishGulf FlounderParalichthys albiguttaFamily Bothidae, Lefteye FloundersFeatures n body color brown, its shade depending on colorof bottom, with numerous spots and blotchesn3 prominent eye-like spots forming a trianglenone spot on lateral line, one above, one belownnumerous white spots scattered over bodyand fins (albigutta, white spotted)nstrong canine-like teethncaudal fin in shape of wedge, its tip in the middle.Similar fish southern flounder, P. lethostigma (no eyelike spots;color pattern is key to distinguishing the two species).Habitat inshore on sandy or mud bottoms, often ranging into tidal creeks;occasionally caught on nearshorerocky reefs.Size common to 2 pounds, generally smaller than southern flounder.Notes hatches into usual fish form, but right eye migrates overt to left side early in life;a bottom dweller; thought to spawn offshore; feeds on crustaceans and small fishes.Florida record 20 lb 9 ozSouthern Kingfish spotGulf FlounderFishingLines 67

What Is It?Fish IdentificationAtlantic spadefish Gafftopsail Catfish Hardhead CatfishHardhead CatfishArius felisFamily Ariidae, Sea CatfishesFeatures n brownish to gray-greennwhite to yellowish belownfin spines with no fleshy filamentsnbarbel at corner of mouth not very flattenedand shorter than headnfour barbels on chinSize to 60 cm (2 ft.) and 5.5 kg (12 lbs.)but usually much smaller.Habitat same as for gafftopsail catfish usually much more common.Notes commonly caught from catwalks, bridges, and piers, particularlyin passes and inland waterways; edible, but generally not eaten.Florida record 3 lb 5 ozGafftopsail CatfishBagre marinusFamily Ariidae, Sea CatfishesFeatures n bluish abovensilvery belowndorsal and pectoral fins with long,fleshy filaments on spinesnbarbel at cornor of mouth flattened,bandlike, and very elongated, sometimesreaching anal finnonly 2 barbels on chin.Size to 60 cm (2 ft.) and 2.5 kg (5 to 6 lbs.).Habitat continental waters; enters brackish waters;usually less common than the hardhead catfishNotes commonly caught by anglers along bridges, piers, and catwalks; a good food fish, but not much usedFlorida record 8 lb 14 ozAtlantic SpadefishChaetodipterus faberFamily Ephippidae, SpadefishesFeatures n silvery with 4 to 6 black vertical bands on eachside which sometimes become obscure in largerfishndeep, flattened bodynseparated first and second dorsal finsnconcave caudal finnanterior rays of second dorsal fin and anal fin elongatedSimilar fish no close resemblance, but frequentlyand mistakenly called angelfishHabitat inshore and nearshore, around natural andartificial reefs, and especially near navigationmarkers in 15 to 20 feet of waterSize most catches less than 2 pounds, known to reach 15 pounds.Notes spawns in spring and summer; travels in large schools; small juvenilesalmost totally black, known to drift on their sides and mimic floating debris;feeds on crustaceans, small encrusting invertebrates, and may nibble on tentacles of jellyfish68 FishingLines

Fantail MulletMugil gyransFamily Mugilidae, MulletsFeatures n color olive green with blue tints on back, shading to silvery sides, white belownanal and pelvic fins yellowishndark blotch at base of pectoral finninverted V-shaped mouthninsertion of second dorsal overthat of the anal finSimilar fish striped mullet, M. cephalus, white mullet, M. curmea(note difference in shape of fins and opercular margins, see inset)Habitat inshore, occurring along beaches in the fallSize small mullet, less than 1 poundNotes spawns in nearshore or possibly inshore waters during spring and summer;juveniles occur inshore; feeds on algae, small crustaceans, and detritusStriped (Black) MulletMugil cephalusFamily Mugilidae, MulletsFeatures n color bluish-gray or green abovenshading to silver on sides, with indistincthorizontal black barringsnwhite below fins lightly scaledat base, unscaled abovenblunt nose and small mouthnsecond dorsal fin originates behind that of the analSimilar fish white mullet, M. curema, fantail mullet, M. gyrans (both white andfantail mullet have black blotch at base of pectoral fin, which is lacking in the black mullet)Habitat inshoreSize roe mullet common to 3 pounds, but in aquariums known to reach 12 pounds or more.Notes adults migrate offshore in large schools to spawn; juveniles migrate inshore at about 1 inch in size,moving far up tidal creeks; frequent leapers; feeds on algae, detritus, and other tiny marine formsStriped MojarraDiapterus plumieriFamily Gerreidae, MojarrasFeatures n body dark olive aboventan to silvery on side, often with a metallic sheennconspicuous blackish stripe along center of eachscale row, except toward bellynall fins except pectoral fins dusky in large adultsnanal fins sometimes dark orangenpelvic spine and first 2 anal spines palendorsal and anal spines long and stoutn3 anal spines.Size to 30 cm (1ft.).Habitat brackish and coastal fresh waters(in limestone regions), grassy areasFantail Mullet Striped (Black) MulletStriped MojarraFishingLines 69

What Is It?Fish IdentificationGreat baracuda bay anchovy STRIPED ANCHOVYStriped AnchovyAnchoa hepsetusFamily Engraulidae, AnchoviesFeatures n snout length somewhat less than eye diameternsilver stripe on body narrow – width less thaneye diameter or snout length throughoutnback greenishnsome yellowish about the headnmelanophores outline all dorsal scales,especially those behind the dorsal finndorsal fin begins above a point well in front of anal fin,and ends above front rays of anal finn14 to 17 dorsal fin rays (usually 16), 15 to 18 pectoral fin rays(usually 16 to 17), and 20 to 24 anal fin rays (usually 21 to 23)Size to 15 cm (6 in.)Bay AnchovyAnchoa mitchilliFamily Engraulidae, AnchoviesFeatures n body relatively deep; head shortnsnout very short, only slightly overhanging mouthnsilvery stripe narrow, often faint orabsent toward frontnstripe fades after deathnbody grayish, with few melanophores abovendorsal fin far back – the only U.S. species in whichthat fin begins above or only very slightly in front of anal finn11 to 14 (usually 12 to 13) pectoral fin raysn23 to 31 (usually 24 to 29) anal fin raysSize to 10 cm (4 in.)Habitat in shallow bays and estuaries; common in brackish waters, but occurs to 120 ftGreat BarracudaSphyraena barracudaFamily Sphyraenidae, BarracudasFeatures n gray, with a greenish cast above, whitish belownmany irregular, small black blotches on lower siden18 to 22 diagonal dark bars on upper side(not always evident)ncaudal fin dark with white tipsn75 to 87 lateral line scales; no fleshy tip on jawYoung (not shown) dark stripe on sidestripe breaks into dark squarish blotches as fish growsSize to 2 m (6 ft.) and 48 kg (106 lbs.); reports of larger fish unverifiedHabitat young live in inshore seagrass beds; adults range from inshore channels to open oceanNotes most attacks on people have occurred when they were wading or swimming in turbid water while wearingbright objects, attempting to spear a barracuda, or carrying speared fish; flesh of smaller fish apparently notpoisonous, but larger fish sometimes very toxic due to ciguatera; no safe, reliable way of recognizing toxic fishFlorida record 67 lb70 FishingLines

King MackerelScomberomorus cavallaFamily Scombridae, Mackerels and TunasFeatures n color of back iridescent bluish green, sides silverynstreamlined body with tapered headnno black pigment on front of the first dorsal finnlateral line starts high and drops sharply below the second dorsal finnyoung fish often have yellowish spots like those of Spanish mackerelSimilar fish cero, S. regalis; Spanish mackerel, S. maculatusHabitat nearshore and offshore; occasionally taken from piers running into deep waterSize common to 20 poundsNotes schooling fish that migrates from south Florida waters in winter to more northerly waters in spring;Gulf population thought to be separate from Atlantic population, with considerable mixing in winterfrom Cape Canaveral past Key West; spawns in mid summer offshore; feeds on small fish and squidFlorida record 90 lbCero (cero mackerel)Scomberomorus regalisFamily Scombridae, Mackerels and TunasFeatures n color of back iridescent bluish greennsides silvery yellow spots forming linesabove and below a bronze stripe frompectoral fin to base of the tailnfront of first dorsal is bluish blacknlateral line curves gradually to base of caudal finSimilar fish spanish mackerel, S. maculatus; king mackerel, S. cavallaHabitat nearshore and offshore fish occurring mainly in south Florida,especially over coral reefs and wrecksSize common to 5 poundsNotes unlike other mackerels, does not stray far from south Florida waters;spawns offshore in mid summer; feeds on small fish and squidFlorida record 17 lb 2 ozSpanish MackerelScomberomorus maculatusFamily Scombridae, Mackerels and TunasFeatures n color of back green, shading to silver on sidesngolden yellow irregular spots above and below lateral linenfront of dorsal fin blacknlateral line curves gently to base of tailSimilar fish cero, S. regalis, king mackerel, S. cavallaHabitat Inshore, Nearshore, and Offshore, especially over deepgrass beds and reefs; absent from north Florida waters in winterSize average catch less than 2 pounds (20 inches)Notes schooling fish that migrates northward in spring, returning to southerly waters when water temperaturesdrop below about 70 degrees F; spawns Offshore, spring through summer; feeds on small fish and squidFlorida record 12 lbKING MACKEREL CEROSPANISH MACKERELFishingLines 71

What Is It?Fish IdentificationBLACKFIN TUNA YELLOWFIN TUNALITTLE TUNNY wahoOWahooAcanthocybium solanderiFamily Scombridae, Mackerels and TunasFeatures n body slender; elongated jaws form a pointed beakndark bluish above, with about 30 dark wavy barsnno gill rakers, whitish below 1st dorsal fin long and low, with 21 to 27 spinesSize to 2.1 m (83 in.) and 83 kg (183 lbs.)Habitat offshore Gulfstream; bluewaterNotes an important game fish, reowned for its tremendous runs and shifts of direction;usually not in schools; caught by trolling bait and artificial lures on flatlinesFlorida record 139 lbLittle TunnyEuthynnus alletteratusFamily Scombridae, Mackerels and TunasFeatures n diagonal, sometimes wavy, dark bars on bare areas on each side of backn4 to 5 dark spots below pectoral finnno dark stripes on bellyndorsal fins connected at basenpectoral fin shortSize to 1 m (3.25 ft.) and 12 kg (26 lbs.), but usually much smallerHabitat common offshore, but also occurs regularly in bays and over reefsNotes probably the most common tuna in the w. Atlantic; popular sport fish, it is also used as bait for marlin; occurs in large schoolsFlorida record 27 lbYellowfin TunaThunnus albacaresFamily Scombridae, Mackerels and TunasFeatures n pectoral fin moderately long, reaching point below beginning of second dorsal finnsecond dorsal fin and all finlets yellownno white rear edge on caudal finngolden stripe on sideneye small, 26 to 35 gill rakersnsecond dorsal and anal fins become muchlonger with age (to about 1/5 of total length)Size to 2.1 m (82 in.) and 176 kg (367 lbs.)Habitat offshore mostly bluewater; in or near the GulfstreamFlorida record 240 lbBlackfin TunaThunnus atlanticusFamily Scombridae, Mackerels and TunasFeatures n pectoral fin moderately long, reaching point below beginning of second dorsal finneye large, second dorsal fin duskynall finlets dusky, with white edgesndorsal finlets sometimes turn yellowish at base after deathna broad, brownish stripe along upper part of siden19 to 25 gill rakers (usually 21 to 23) on first archSize to 1 m (3.25 ft.) and 19 kg (42 lbs.)Habitat near shore and offshoreFlorida record 45 lb 8 oz72 FishingLines

DolphinCoryphaena hippurusFamily Coryphaenidae, DolphinsFeatures n bright greenish blue above, yellow on sides,with capability of flashing purple, chartreuse,and a wide range of other colorsnbody tapers sharply from head to tailnirregular blue or golden blotches scattered over sidesnanterior profile of head on adult males is nearly verticalnhead of females more sloping; the single dark dorsal fin extendsfrom just behind the head to the tailnanal fin margin concave and extending to tailSimilar fish pompano dolphin, C. equisetis; the pompano dolphin has squarish tooth patch on tongue(oval tooth patch on dolphin) and fewer dorsal rays (48 to 55 vs. 55 to 65 on dolphin)Habitat Offshore in warm watersSize common to 30 poundsNotes one of the fastest-growing fish, thought to live no more than 5 years; swimming speed estimated at 50 knots; spawnsin warm oceanic currents throughout much of the year; young found in sargassum weed; feeds on flying fish and squidFlorida record 77 lb 12 ozSwordfishXiphias gladiusFamily Xiphiidae, SwordfishesFeatures n color of back variable, black, grayish blue, brown, metallic purple, or bronzensides dusky, underbelly dirty whitenlarge eyes, long flat, sword-like upper jawnlacks scales, teeth, and pelvic finsnsingle keel on each side of body in front of tailnfirst dorsal fin high, rigid and shortSimilar fish no close resemblance to other billfishesHabitat offshore species worldwide in temperate and tropic waters known to frequentdepths of 400 to 500 fathoms; also has been seen basking at the surfaceSize once averaged 200 pounds, but over harvest has reduced size of commercially caught swordfish to average of 48 poundsNotes large swordfish are all females, males seldom exceed 200 pounds; except when spawning, females believed to prefer water coolerthan that favored by males; feeds on squid, octopus, and pelagic fishes of all kindsFlorida record 612 lb 12 ozLongbill SpearfishTetrapturus pfluegeriFamily Istiophoridae, BillfishesFeatures n color of body dark blue, shading to silvery, white underneathndorsal fin bluish, others brown-blackntwo dorsal fins, the first lengthy, its front forming a peakntwo anal fins, the anus well in front of the firstnupper jaw prolonged into spear, its cross section roundSimilar fish white marlin, Tetrapterus albidusHabitat offshore in deep waterSize relatively small speciesNotes uncommon; available data indicate that the spearfish matures at 2 years of age, and rarely lives past 4 to 5 years; they are pelagic,and feed at or near the surface, mainly on fishes and squid; named for Al Pflueger, Sr., founder of Pflueger TaxidermyFlorida record 61 lb 8 ozDOLPHIN SWORDFISHLONGBILL SPEARFISHFishingLines 73

What Is It?Fish IdentificationSAILFISH WHITE MARLIN BLUE MARLINBlue MarlinMakaira nigricansFamily Istiophoridae, BillfishesFeatures n color cobalt blue on top shading to silvery white on bottomnupper jaw elongated in form of a spearndorsal fin pointed at front endnpectoral fin and anal fin pointednlateral line reticulated (interwoven like a net), difficult to see in large specimensnno dark spots on dorsal finnbody covered with imbedded scales ending in one or two sharp pointsSimilar fish white marlin, T. albidus (white has rounded dorsal at front end, rounded tip of pectoral and anal fins, and spots on the dorsal fin)Habitat offshore, a bluewater fishSize largest of the Atlantic marlins, common to 11 feet, known to exceed 2,000 pounds.Notes all of trophy size are females; males do not exceed 300 pounds; make trans-Atlantic migrations;spawning procedures unknown; feeds on squid and pelagic fishes, including blackfin tuna and frigate mackerelFlorida record 1046 lbWhite MarlinTetrapterus albidusFamily Istiophoridae, BillfishesFeatures n color of body dark blue to chocolate brown,shading to silvery white underbellynnoticeable spots on dorsal finnupper jaw elongated in shape of a spearnbody covered with imbedded scales with a single sharp pointntips of first dorsal, pectoral, and first anal fins roundednlateral line curved above pectoral fin then going in straight line to base of tailSimilar fish blue marlin, M. nigricansHabitat offshore, a bluewater fishSize common to 8 feetNotes uses its bill to stun fast-moving fishes, then turns to consume them; spawning procedures unknown;ranges throughout the Atlantic and Caribbean; feeds on squid and pelagic fishesFlorida record 161 lbSailfishIstiophorus platypterusFamily Istiophoridae, BillfishesFeatures n color dark blue on top, brown-blue laterally, silvery white underbellynupper jaw elongated in form of spearnfirst dorsal greatly enlarged in the form of a sail, withmany black spots, its front squared off, highest at its mid pointnpelvic fins very narrow, reaching almost to the anusnbody covered with imbedded scales, blunt at endnlateral line curved over pectoral, then straight to base of tailSimilar fish white marlin, T. albidus, young blue marlin, M. nigricans (spectacular sail-like dorsal of sailfish is most notable difference)Habitat offshore species, in south Florida associated with waters near the Gulfstream; off the Panhandle near the 100 fathom lineSize common to 7 feetNotes rapid growing species, reaching 4 to 5 feet in a single year; swims at speeds up to 50 knots;feeds on the surface or at mid depths on smaller pelagic fishes and squidFlorida record 116 lb 10 oz74 FishingLines