RUSLAN RUSSIAN GRAMMAR - Ruslan Russian Language Services
RUSLAN RUSSIAN GRAMMAR - Ruslan Russian Language Services
RUSLAN RUSSIAN GRAMMAR - Ruslan Russian Language Services
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<strong>RUSLAN</strong><br />
<strong>RUSSIAN</strong><br />
<strong>GRAMMAR</strong><br />
For beginner, intermediate<br />
and advanced learners<br />
John Langran<br />
KEY TO THE EXERCISES<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 1
This is the key to the exercises of the <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar. It is available free of<br />
charge to teachers and to independent learners who have purchased the book.<br />
To download your copy, please go to www.ruslan.co.uk/teachers.htm and from there<br />
go to the <strong>Ruslan</strong> Teacher Support page, using your user name and password.<br />
Teachers and independent learners who need a password, please apply by email to<br />
john@ruslan.co.uk<br />
2<br />
Exercise answers that are marked are recorded on the CD that accompanies the<br />
book. The number is the number of the CD track. Other recordings are available on a link<br />
from www.ruslan.co.uk/grammar.htm<br />
2 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
SECTION 1 - THE GENDER OF NOUNS<br />
1. Listen to the word and give the gender with a pronoun<br />
‚òîì îí ‰ìÿ<br />
îí‹ ïèêí‰ê<br />
‚ðìèÿ îí‚ êîíôåðˆíöèÿ îí‚ ïë‹ùàäü<br />
áåëü¸ îí‹ êàôˆ<br />
îí‹ ï‹÷òà<br />
á‹ìáà îí‚ ëˆêöèÿ îí‚ ðåì‹íò<br />
áþð‹ îí‹ ìàãàç‰í îí ðóáëü<br />
âðˆìÿ îí‹ ìàø‰íà îí‚ ðþêç‚ê<br />
äˆäóøêà îí ìèë‰öèÿ îí‚ ñï‹íñîð<br />
äåêëàð‚öèÿ îí‚ ìîäˆëü îí‚ òàêñ‰<br />
äµäÿ îí ìîëîê‹ îí‹ òàêñ‰ñò<br />
ãàçˆòà îí‚ ìóçˆé îí òåëåô‹í<br />
ã‹ðîä îí ï‰âî<br />
îí‹ òðîëëˆéáóñ<br />
îí<br />
îí‚<br />
îí‚<br />
îí<br />
îí<br />
îí<br />
îí<br />
îí‹<br />
îí<br />
îí<br />
îí<br />
˜ëèöà<br />
óïðàæíˆíèå<br />
ô‰ðìà<br />
øàìï‚íñêîå<br />
öàðü<br />
îí‚<br />
îí‹<br />
îí‚<br />
îí‹<br />
îí<br />
2. Teacher marking required<br />
3<br />
3. Find the odd one out according to their gender<br />
à. á‚áóøêà, äˆäóøêà, æåí‚, ì‚ìà, ñåñòð‚ äˆäóøêà<br />
á. ð‚äîñòü, ëþá‹âü, íî÷ü, äåíü äåíü<br />
â. ì‹ðå, çä‚íèå, ï‰âî, ‰ìÿ, ìàø‰íà ìàø‰íà<br />
ã. Ì‚øà, Ä‚øà, Íàò‚øà, Ê‹ëÿ, Âëÿ Ê‹ëÿ<br />
ä. Âîë‹äÿ, ̉øà, Ãð‰øà, ˃äà, Àíäðƒøà ˃äà<br />
å. âîä‰òåëü, ïðåïîäàâ‚òåëü, ìˆáåëü, âûêëþ÷‚òåëü ìˆáåëü<br />
æ. ÿíâ‚ðü, ôåâð‚ëü, ìàðò, àïðˆëü, ñóáá‹òà ñóáá‹òà<br />
4. What gender are<br />
à. most names of countries? Feminine<br />
á. all the months of the year? Masculine<br />
â. the words for Monday, Tuesday and Thursday? Masculine<br />
ã. the words for Wednesday, Friday and Saturday? Feminine<br />
ä. the word for Sunday? Neuter<br />
å. the majority of <strong>Russian</strong> town names? Masculine<br />
æ. most <strong>Russian</strong> rivers? Feminine<br />
ç. all the names for the continents? Feminine<br />
è. the majority of the names of school subjects? Feminine<br />
ê. most words for feelings? Feminine<br />
ë. most of the names of seas? Neuter<br />
ì. most of the names of rooms in the house? Feminine<br />
í. most of the words for sports? Masculine<br />
î. the word for the moon? Feminine<br />
ï. the word for the world? Masculine<br />
ð. the word for wine? Neuter<br />
ñ. the word for a euro? Masculine<br />
ò. the word for a rouble? Masculine<br />
ó. the word for an uncle? Masculine<br />
ô. the word for a colleague? Masculine or Feminine<br />
õ. the word for a banana? Masculine<br />
ö. the word for a bank (for money)? Masculine<br />
÷. the word for a tin? Feminine<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 3
SECTION 2 - THE PLURAL OF NOUNS<br />
4<br />
1. Give the nominative plural of the following<br />
àâò‹áóñ àâò‹áóñû êâàðò‰ðà êâàðò‰ðû<br />
àýðîï‹ðò àýðîï‹ðòû ‰ìÿ èìåí‚<br />
ë‰íèÿ ë‰íèè ä‚÷à ä‚÷è<br />
‚âòîð ‚âòîðû èíñòðóìˆíò èíñòðóìˆíòû<br />
ôèëüì ô‰ëüìû ñîƒç ñîƒçû<br />
ãîñòü ã‹ñòè äˆâóøêà äˆâóøêè<br />
êð‰òèê êð‰òèêè êëþ÷ êëþ÷‰<br />
á‚áóøêà á‚áóøêè ñò‚íöèÿ ñò‚íöèè<br />
áëƒäî áëƒäà ôóíò ô˜íòû<br />
áóò›ëêà áóò›ëêè êîòòˆäæ êîòòˆäæè<br />
5<br />
2. Give the nominative singular of the following<br />
ë‚ìïû ë‚ìïà ïðîáëˆìû ïðîáëˆìà<br />
˜ëèöû ˜ëèöà òðàìâ‚è òðàìâ‚é<br />
ïë‹ùàäè ïë‹ùàäü ì‚ëü÷èêè ì‚ëü÷èê<br />
äîð‹ãè äîð‹ãà ðàá‹÷èå ðàá‹÷èé<br />
ìàø‰íû ìàø‰íà ãîñò‰íèöû ãîñò‰íèöà<br />
ðåñòîð‚íû ðåñòîð‚í á‚ðû áàð<br />
‹ôèñû ‹ôèñ ‹êíà îêí‹<br />
ìåñò‚ ìˆñòî äíè äåíü<br />
óïðàæíˆíèÿ óïðàæíˆíèå îãí‰ îã‹íü<br />
ïëµæè ïëÿæ ìóçˆè ìóçˆé<br />
âîêç‚ëû âîêç‚ë äîñòèæˆíèÿ äîñòèæˆíèå<br />
‚ðìèè ‚ðìèÿ íàð‹äû íàð‹ä<br />
ñàìîë¸òû ñàìîë¸ò äåêëàð‚öèè äåêëàð‚öèÿ<br />
âðåìåí‚ âðˆìÿ ñóâåí‰ðû ñóâåí‰ð<br />
îòö› îòˆö îôèöˆðû îôèöˆð<br />
ô‰ðìû ô‰ðìà<br />
ìàãàç‰íû ìàãàç‰í<br />
3. Find the six plural words on the placard<br />
à. êàðò‰íû<br />
á. èê‹íû<br />
â. ÷àñ›<br />
ã. ìîíˆòû<br />
ä. êí‰ãè<br />
æ. ïðåäìˆòû<br />
(ñòàðèí› is the genitive singular of ñòàðèí‚ - “antiquity”<br />
4. Give the nominative plural of the following<br />
ñûí ñûíîâüµ îòˆö îòö›<br />
ðåâîëƒöèÿ ðåâîëƒöèè ìàòü ì‚òåðè<br />
ãåíåð‚ë ãåíåð‚ëû ìåíƒ ìåíƒ<br />
ï‹åçä ïîåçä‚ ï‚ñïîðò ïàñïîðò‚<br />
äàò÷‚íèí äàò÷‚íå äðóã äðóçüµ<br />
4 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
5. Give the nominative singular of the following<br />
âå÷åð‚ âˆ÷åð òîâ‚ðèùè òîâ‚ðèù<br />
ïàëüò‹ ïàëüò‹ äîì‚ äîì<br />
ó÷èòåëµ ó÷‰òåëü ðîññèµíå ðîññèµíèí<br />
áð‚òüÿ áðàò ð‹çû ð‹çà<br />
äåë‚ äˆëî ñ¸ñòðû ñåñòð‚<br />
êë‚äáèùà êë‚äáèùå äåðˆâüÿ äˆðåâî<br />
6. Complete the sentences with one word in the plural<br />
à. Ìîñêâ‚ è Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðá˜ðã – ¬òî ãîðîä‚.<br />
á. Îáü, ˈíà è ‹ëãà – ¬òî ðˆêè.<br />
â. «Â‹ëãà» è «Ìîñêâ‰÷» – ¬òî ìàø‰íû.<br />
ã. ‹âà è ؘðà – ¬òî ìî‰ äðóçüµ.<br />
ä. Âàä‰ì Ïåòð‹âè÷ è Íèêîë‚é Ìèõ‚éëîâè÷ – äèðåêòîð‚ êîìï‚íèè.<br />
æ. Òåïˆðü ïîåçä‚ õ‹äÿò â Øåðåìˆòüåâî.<br />
ç. Äóá è ò‹ïîëü – ¬òî äåðˆâüÿ.<br />
è. Ôîêñòð‹ò è âàëüñ – ¬òî ò‚íöû.<br />
ê. Áîðù è ùè – ¬òî ñóï›.<br />
7. Listen to the song snippet and fill in the plural nouns<br />
Íà å¸ ïóò‰ – ã‹ðû è ìîðµ,<br />
Òû ëåò‰, ëåò‰, ë‚ñòî÷êà ìîµ!<br />
6<br />
7<br />
8. Write one-word captions for the pictures<br />
à. Ñîëä‚òû.<br />
á. Òðîëëˆéáóñû.<br />
â. Ôë‚ãè.<br />
ã. Èìåí‚.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 5
SECTION 3 - PRONOUNS IN THE NOMINATIVE CASE<br />
8<br />
1. Answer the questions using äà and personal pronouns<br />
Example:<br />
Òû ïðàâ?<br />
Äà, ÿ ïðàâ.<br />
à. Îáˆä ãîò‹â? Äà, îí ãîò‹â.<br />
á. Ìû óæˆ á›ëè çäåñü? Äà, ìû óæˆ á›ëè çäåñü<br />
â. Îïåðà õîð‹øàÿ? Äà, îí‚ õîð‹øàÿ.<br />
ã. Èâ‚í è Ê‚òÿ ä‹ìà? Äà, îí‰ ä‹ìà.<br />
ä. Áþð‹ îòêð›òî? Äà, îí‹ îòêð›òî<br />
å. Òû ñâîá‹äåí? Äà, ÿ ñâîá‹äåí<br />
æ. Äðóçüµ, âû ãîò‹âû? Äà, ìû ãîò‹âû<br />
ç. ×àé èç Ãð˜çèè? Äà, îí èç Ãð˜çèè<br />
è. Ï‚ïà íà ðàá‹òå? Äà, îí íà ðàá‹òå.<br />
9<br />
2. Answer the questions using íåò and personal pronouns<br />
Example:<br />
Òû ðàá‹òàåøü? Íåò, ÿ íå ðàá‹òàþ.<br />
à. ß ïðàâ‚? Íåò, òû íå ïðàâ‚.<br />
á. Òû çí‚åøü? Íåò, ÿ íå çí‚þ.<br />
â. Ýòî çä‚íèå â öˆíòðå? Íåò, îí‹ íå â öˆíòðå.<br />
ã. Ĉòè â øê‹ëå? Íåò, îí‰ íå â øê‹ëå.<br />
ä. Áàð ðàá‹òàåò? Íåò, îí íå ðàá‹òàåò.<br />
å. Ñåð¸æà â á‚íå? Íåò, îí íå â á‚íå.<br />
æ. Òåëåô‹í ðàá‹òàåò? Íåò, îí íå ðàá‹òàåò.<br />
ç. ̉øà ïîíèì‚åò? Íåò, îí íå ïîíèì‚åò.<br />
è. Ýòî â‚øà ìàø‰íà? Íåò, îí‚ íå ìîµ.<br />
10<br />
3. Fill in the gaps using possessive pronouns with the necessary agreement<br />
Example:<br />
Ýòî ÿ, è ¬òî ìîµ êâàðò‰ðà.<br />
à. Ýòî ÿ, è ¬òî ìîµ ñåñòð‚.<br />
á. Ýòî ÿ, è ¬òî ìîé áðàò.<br />
â. Ýòî ÿ, è ¬òî ìî‰ äˆòè.<br />
ã. Ýòî Òèìîôˆé, è ¬òî åã‹ ìàø‰íà.<br />
ä. Ýòî ìû, è ¬òî í‚øà øê‹ëà.<br />
å. Ýòî ͉íà è Ìàð‰ÿ, è ¬òî èõ ðîä‰òåëè.<br />
æ. Ýòî òû, è ¬òî òâîé äðóã.<br />
ç. Ýòî Íèê‰òà, è ¬òî åãî ãèò‚ðà.<br />
è. Ĉíüãè â‚øè – á˜äóò í‚øè. Ýòî á‰çíåñ, ãîñïîä‚! (Ò‰ìóð Øà‹â)<br />
4. Say that they belong to you, as in the example<br />
Example:<br />
×åé ¬òî áàã‚æ? Ìîé.<br />
à. ×åé ¬òî áèëˆò? Ìîé. ä. ×åé ¬òî ‹ôèñ? Ìîé.<br />
á. ×üÿ ¬òî äåêëàð‚öèÿ? Ìîµ. å. ×ü¸ ¬òî ïðèãëàøˆíèå? Ìî¸.<br />
â. ×üè ¬òî êîíôˆòû? Ìî‰. æ. ×üè ¬òî êëþ÷‰? Ìî‰.<br />
ã. ×üÿ ¬òî îø‰áêà? Ìîµ.<br />
6 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
SECTIONS 4/5 - ADJECTIVES, ADJECTIVAL NOUNS<br />
1. Fill in the gaps with adjectives from the list without changing any endings<br />
à. ìîñê‹âñêèå ãîñò‰íèöû<br />
á. ð‚ííåå ˜òðî<br />
â. èíòåðˆñíûé ôàêò<br />
ã. ìîëîä‚ÿ æˆíùèíà<br />
ä. æ¸ëòàÿ ðóá‚øêà<br />
å. ãåíåð‚ëüíûé äèðˆêòîð<br />
æ. ïèòüåâ‚ÿ âîä‚<br />
ç. ëˆòíèå êàí‰êóëû<br />
è. ñåêðˆòíîå ïðåäëîæˆíèå<br />
ê. êð‚ñíûé ôëàã<br />
ë. ìóçûê‚ëüíûå èíñòðóìˆíòû<br />
11<br />
2. Which of the adjectives can be paired with which of the nouns?<br />
Teacher marking required.<br />
3. Choose captions for the pictures<br />
à. ˉïîâàÿ àëëˆÿ<br />
á. Ãðóç‰íñêèé âåòåð‚í<br />
â. Ïðîôåññèîí‚ëüíûå ó÷‰òåëüíèöû<br />
ã. Î÷åíü äë‰ííûé ìîñò<br />
ä. Ãð˜ñòíàÿ ñîá‚êà<br />
å. Õîð‹øàÿ ó÷åí‰öà<br />
æ. Äåðåâµííûé äîì<br />
ç. Иññêîå øàìï‚íñêîå<br />
è. Ìîð‹æåíîå â ÃÓÌå<br />
ê. Áë‰ííàÿ íà Àðá‚òå<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 7
SECTION 6 - CASES<br />
1. Give the case and number of the nouns that are underlined. In the second column,<br />
give the nominative singular form of the noun.<br />
Example:<br />
Ìû ëƒáèì ãðàìì‚òèêó. Accusative singular ãðàìì‚òèêà<br />
à. Ýòî ìîµ â‰çà. Nominative singular â‰çà<br />
á. Ýòî àñïèð‰í? Nominative singular àñïèð‰í<br />
â. Àýðîï‹ðò íå â öˆíòðå. Prepositional singular öåíòð<br />
ã. Áèëˆò íå â êàðì‚íå. Nominative singular áèëˆò<br />
ä. Áèëˆò â ñ˜ìêå. Prepositional singular ñ˜ìêà<br />
å. ß çí‚þ ͉íó. Accusative singular ͉íà<br />
æ. ß ëþáëƒ Ë‹íäîí. Accusative singular Ë‹íäîí<br />
ç. Ä‚éòå, ïîæ‚ëóéñòà, áóò›ëêó. Accusative singular áóò›ëêà<br />
è. Ä‚éòå, ïîæ‚ëóéñòà, áèëˆò. Accusative singular áèëˆò<br />
ê. Ñïàñ‰áî çà äˆíüãè! Accusative plural äˆíüãè<br />
ë. Êëþ÷ ó Èâ‚íà. Genitive singular Èâ‚í<br />
ì. Àííà ðàá‹òàåò â òå‚òðå. Prepositional singular òå‚òð<br />
í. ͉íà èãð‚åò ñ Ïåòð‹ì. Instrumental singular ϸòð<br />
î. Áîð‰ñ ï‰øåò ïèñüì‹. Accusative singular ïèñüì‹<br />
ï. Îí ï‰øåò Èâ‚íó. Dative singular Èâ‚í<br />
ð. ϸòð èãð‚åò ñ ͉íîé. Instrumental singular ͉íà<br />
ñ. Îí îáˆäàåò ñ êëèˆíòàìè. Instrumental plural êëèˆíò<br />
ò. Çäåñü íåò âîä›. Genitive singular âîä‚<br />
ó. Òàì äâ‚äöàòü ïîåçä‹â! Genitive plural ï‹åçä<br />
ô. Ìàð‰ÿ èä¸ò ïî ˜ëèöå. Dative singular ˜ëèöà<br />
õ. Îí ãîâîð‰ò î ïë‚íàõ. Prepositional plural ïëàí<br />
ö. Ýòî íå ìî‰ ïë‚íû. Nominative plural ïëàí<br />
÷. Îí‚ ä˜ìàåò î ïüˆñàõ. Prepositional plural ïüˆñà<br />
ø. Îí‚ ä˜ìàåò î ïüˆñàõ ׈õîâà. Genitive singular ׈õîâ<br />
ù. ß ñèæ˜ ñ êîëëˆãàìè. Instrumental plural êîëëˆãà<br />
û. Îí ïîìîã‚åò äèðåêòîð‚ì. Dative plural äèðˆêòîð<br />
ý. Îí ïîìîã‚åò äèðåêòîð‚ì ô‰ðìû. Genitive singular ô‰ðìà<br />
þ. Êîò ëåæ‰ò ïîä ñòîë‹ì. Instrumental singular ñòîë<br />
ÿ. Ïî âå÷åð‚ì îí ñïèò. Dative plural âˆ÷åð<br />
i. Îí ñïèò â êðˆñëå. Prepositional singular êðˆñëî<br />
ii. Îí‚ ïîêóï‚åò êí‰ãè. Accusative plural êí‰ãà<br />
iii  àëôàâ‰òå íåäîñò‚òî÷íî áóêâ! Genitive plural á˜êâà<br />
8 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
SECTION 7 - THE NOMINATIVE CASE<br />
1. This is an extract from the 1964 edition of the classic <strong>Russian</strong> dictionary by<br />
Îæåãîâ and Øâˆäîâà. Which two entries are not nouns?<br />
áåòîí‰ðîâàòü - “to concrete” is a verb<br />
áˆøåíûé - “crazy” is an adjective<br />
Clues that this is a Soviet edition are:<br />
The description of the Bible as a collection of myths and dogmas<br />
The explanation that businessmen are only found in the USA!<br />
2. Street signs<br />
Find 8 masculine singular, 8 feminine singular, 8 neuter singular and 11 plural nouns.<br />
Masculine singular:<br />
áàíêîì‚ò, õëåá, êëóá, êâàñ, ïðîñïˆêò, ðåì‹íò, ñûð, ì¸ä.<br />
Feminine singular:<br />
àâòîøê‹ëà, ýêñê˜ðñèÿ, ‹áóâü, îäˆæäà, ‹ïåðà, øê‹ëà, ˜ëèöà, ê˜õíÿ.<br />
Neuter:<br />
áþð‹, êàôˆ, áåëü¸, ìµñî, âàðˆíèå, ï‰âî, ç‹ëîòî, ñ‹ëíöå.<br />
Plural<br />
êàðò‰íû, ð‚ìû, çˆðêàëà, êí‰ãè, ïîä‚ðêè, ‹âîùè, ôð˜êòû, ïð‰íòåðû, ê‚ðòðèäæè,<br />
ïðîä˜êòû, òåëåô‹íû.<br />
3. Names for professions and people. Add the endings<br />
à. ó÷‰òåëü<br />
å. ïåññèì‰ñò ë. èíæåíˆð<br />
á. èñò‹ðèê<br />
æ. ðåàë‰ñò<br />
ì. êàññ‰ð<br />
â. òàêñ‰ñò<br />
ç. ïåðåâ‹ä÷èê í. ñòðî‰òåëü<br />
ã. êàïèòàë‰ñò<br />
è. àðò‰ñò<br />
ä. êîììóí‰ñò<br />
ê. ìóçûê‚íò<br />
12<br />
4. Find the nouns in the song. List them in the nominative singular<br />
àýðîï‹ðò, öåíòð, ã‹ðîä, Ìîñêâ‚, àâò‹áóñ, òóð‰ñò, òàêñ‰, öˆíòð, Êðåìëü, ìàâçîëˆé,<br />
âðˆìÿ, ìóçˆé, Ìàð‰íà, ˜ëèöà, Àðá‚ò, Àðá‚ò, ñò‚íöèÿ, ìåòð‹, òå‚òð, ‚íÿ, ÃÓÌ,<br />
òåëåô‹í.<br />
5. Match the nouns with the adjectives, without changing any endings<br />
à. ãîðµ÷èé ñóï<br />
á. èñòîð‰÷åñêèé ìóçˆé<br />
ç. ñ‰íåå íˆáî<br />
â. ÷¸ðíûé êîò<br />
è. áˆëûå ðóá‚øêè<br />
ã. êàïèòàë‰ñòè÷åñêàÿ ïðîïàã‚íäà ê. ñòð‹ãèå ó÷èòåëµ<br />
ä. âê˜ñíàÿ ê‚øà<br />
ë. âˆæëèâàÿ êàññ‰ðøà<br />
å. ïˆðâàÿ ëþá‹âü<br />
ì. òðåòèé ýòàæ<br />
æ. ñò‚ðîå çä‚íèå<br />
í. ñïð‚âî÷íîå áþð‹<br />
13<br />
14<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 9
SECTIONS 8 & 9 - THE ACCUSATIVE CASE<br />
1. Complete the translations of the words in the accusative<br />
à. ß çí‚þ ¬òîò áàíê. I know this bank.<br />
á. ß çí‚þ ¬òó êàññ‰ðøó. I know this (female) cashier.<br />
â. ß ò‚êæå çí‚þ Áîð‰ñà. I also know Boris.<br />
ã. ß ëþáëƒ áîðù è ùè. I love borsch and schi.<br />
ä. Ĉòè èä˜ò â øê‹ëó. The children are going to school.<br />
å. Îí‰ ïåðåõ‹äÿò ÷ˆðåç äîð‹ãó. They are walking across the road.<br />
æ. Ìû ñë˜øàåì ð‚äèî. We are listening to the radio.<br />
ç. Ñïàñ‰áî çà ñîâˆò. Thank you for the advice.<br />
è. Îí‚ çí‚åò í‚øè ïë‚íû. She knows our plans.<br />
ê. ß âñòðˆòèë â‚øèõ äåòˆé. I met your children.<br />
ë. Ìàø‰íó êóï‰ëà Àííà. It was Anna who bought the car.<br />
ì. Çà äˆíüãè ì‹æíî êóï‰òü âðà÷‚, For money you can buy a doctor,<br />
íî íå çäîð‹âüå.<br />
but not health.<br />
15<br />
2. Which 16 nouns in the song are in the accusative? Write them out in the nominative<br />
áîðù, ùè, ñîëµíêà, ìµñî, ñûð, êîëáàñ‚, îâñµíêó, âèí‹, øàìï‚íñêîå, â‹äêà, âîä‚,<br />
ëèìîí‚ä, ê‹ôå, ñîê, ÷àé, ìåíƒ.<br />
3. Choose nouns to fill the gaps. Change the endings where necessary<br />
Ìàð‰íà ÷èò‚åò êí‰ãó î âîéíˆ.<br />
Àíàò‹ëèé êóï‰ë ìàø‰íó “‹ëüâî”.<br />
Ñòóäˆíòû èä˜ò â óíèâåðñèòˆò.<br />
Òóð‰ñò ïîòåðµë ï‚ñïîðò, äˆíüãè è äåêëàð‚öèþ.<br />
ß âñòðˆòèë Áîð‰ñà è åã‹ æåí˜.<br />
Âàä‰ì ïîñûë‚åò òåëåãð‚ììó â Ìàãàä‚í.<br />
ß õî÷ó ïîñë˜øàòü ì˜çûêó Øîñòîê‹âè÷à.<br />
Ìû ñìîòðˆëè í‹âûé ôèëüì î Äæˆéìñå Á‹íäå.<br />
16<br />
4. Fill in the gaps with personal pronouns, as in the example<br />
Ýòî ÿ. Âû ï‹ìíèòå ìåíµ?<br />
à. Ýòî îí‚. ß çí‚þ å¸. å. Ýòî òû? ß íå óçí‚ë òåáµ!<br />
á. Ýòî âû. Ìû ïîíèì‚åì âàñ. æ. Ýòî ìû. Âû ñë›øèòå íàñ?<br />
â. Ýòî ÿ. Âû çàá›ëè ìåíµ? ç. Âîò íàø ãåð‹é! Ìû âñå çà íåã‹!<br />
5. Make a note of what Igor and Vera want from the menu<br />
Igor has marked what he wants with *, and Vera has marked what she wants with **.<br />
Then add what you want. Use accusative endings.<br />
à. Èãîðü õ‹÷åò êð‚ñíóþ èêð˜, ñîëµíêó, øàøë›ê, ôðóêò‹âûé ñàë‚ò, ÷àé è â‹äêó.<br />
á. ˆðà õ‹÷åò êîëáàñ˜, îêð‹øêó, áåôñòð‹ãàíîâ, ôðóêò‹âûé ñàë‚ò, ê‹ôå è áˆëîå âèí‹.<br />
â. À ÿ õî÷˜ .............. teacher marking required.<br />
10 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
6. They are all going to work. Fill in the gaps, changing the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ôóòáîë‰ñò ˆäåò íà ñòàäè‹í.<br />
á. Äåæ˜ðíàÿ ïî ýòàæ˜ ˆäåò â ãîñò‰íèöó.<br />
â. Òàêñ‰ñò ˆäåò íà ñòîµíêó òàêñ‰.<br />
ã. Ìèëèöèîíˆð ˆäåò â îòäˆë ìèë‰öèè.<br />
ä. Âðà÷ ˆäåò â ïîëèêë‰íèê.<br />
å. Àðò‰ñò ˆäåò â òå‚òð.<br />
æ. Ôèíàíñ‰ñò ˆäåò íà á‰ðæó.<br />
ç. ˸ò÷èê ˆäåò â àýðîï‹ðò.<br />
è. Ìàøèí‰ñò ˆäåò íà âîêç‚ë.<br />
ê. Øàõò¸ð ˆäåò íà ø‚õòó.<br />
7. Choose nouns and adjectives to fill the gaps. Change the endings where necessary<br />
à. Äèðˆêòîð ðåø‰ë ñë‹æíóþ ïðîáëˆìó.<br />
á. Ñåðãˆé êóï‰ë í‹âóþ ìàø‰íó.<br />
â. Íà ñòàäè‹íå ìû ñôîòîãðàô‰ðîâàëè íåìˆöêèõ ôóòáîë‰ñòîâ.<br />
ã. Òóðèñò ïîìåíµë øâˆäñêèå êð‹íû íà ð˜ññêèå ðóáë‰.<br />
ä. ß ñìîòðˆë èíòåðˆñíóþ ïðîãð‚ììó î Ãð˜çèè.<br />
å. Âàä‰ì ïîñûë‚åò âòîð˜þ òåëåãð‚ììó â Ìàãàä‚í.<br />
æ. Åëˆíà âñòðˆòèëà áðèò‚íñêèõ ñòóäˆíòîâ.<br />
8. They all love each other. Reply as in the example<br />
Èâ‚í ëƒáèò Ê‚òþ.<br />
Äà, è Ê‚òÿ ëƒáèò Èâ‚íà.<br />
à. Ñåðãˆé ëƒáèò Îëüãó. Äà, è Îëüãà ëƒáèò Ñåðãˆÿ.<br />
á. Âàä‰ì ëƒáèò Àííó. Äà, è Àííà ëƒáèò Âàä‰ìà.<br />
â. Ìèõà‰ë ëƒáèò Ëàð‰ñó. Äà, è Ëàð‰ñà ëƒáèò Ìèõà‰ëà.<br />
ã. Íàò‚øà ëƒáèò Ñòåï‚íà. Äà, è Ñòåï‚í ëƒáèò Íàò‚øó.<br />
ä. Òàòüµíà ëƒáèò Íèêîë‚ÿ. Äà, è Íèêîë‚é ëƒáèò Òàòüµíó.<br />
å. Âàðâ‚ðà ëƒáèò Àíäðˆÿ. Äà, è Àíäðˆé ëƒáèò Âàðâ‚ðó.<br />
æ. Âëàä‰ìèð ëƒáèò Àíàò‹ëèÿ. Äà, è Àíàò‹ëèé ëƒáèò Âëàä‰ìèðà.<br />
ç. Ì‚ìà ëƒáèò ï‚ïó. Äà, è ï‚ïà ëƒáèò ì‚ìó.<br />
17<br />
9. Âåñ¸ëûé âˆòåð - “The jolly wind”<br />
Listen to the song and fill in the nouns. Change the endings where necessary<br />
Ñïîé íàì, âˆòåð, ïðî ä‰êèå ã‹ðû,<br />
Ïðî ãëóá‹êèå ò‚éíû ìîðˆé,<br />
Ïðî ïò‰÷üè ðàçãîâ‹ðû,<br />
Ïðî ñ‰íèå ïðîñò‹ðû,<br />
Ïðî ñìˆëûõ è áîëüø‰õ ëþäˆé!<br />
(ψñíÿ èç êèíîô‰ëüìà<br />
«Äˆòè êàïèò‚íà Ãð‚íòà». 1936 ã.)<br />
18<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 11
SECTION 10 - THE GENITIVE CASE<br />
1. Complete the translations of the words in the genitive<br />
à. Êòî äèðˆêòîð ìóçˆÿ? Who is director of the museum?<br />
á. Ó ìåíµ ì‚ëî âðˆìåíè. I have little time.<br />
â. Òû íå ì‹æåøü ïîˆõàòü áåç â‰çû. You cannot go without a visa.<br />
ã. Ìû ïîäîæä¸ì âàñ ‹êîëî äâˆðè. We shall wait for you by the door.<br />
ä. ظë äîæäü, êàê èç âåäð‚. It was raining, as from a bucket.<br />
å. Ó ìåíÿ íåò æåí›. I don’t have a wife.<br />
æ. Ýòî ïðåäñåä‚òåëü êîìèòˆòà. This is the chairman of the committee.<br />
ç. Ä‚éòå äâå ï‹ðöèè. Give me two portions.<br />
è. ß íå ïð‹òèâ çåë¸íûõ. I am not against the Greens.<br />
ê. Òû ñìîòðˆë ôèí‚ë Êóáê‚ ì‰ðà? Did you see the final of the World Cup?<br />
ë. Îí êóï‰ë áóò›ëêó êð‚ñíîãî âèí‚. He bought a bottle of red wine.<br />
ì. Ó íå¸ ‹÷åíü ìí‹ãî êíèã. She has a great many books.<br />
í. Êóïëƒ âàì ìèëëè‹í êð‚ñíûõ ðîç. I shall buy you a million red roses.<br />
î. Ó ìóçûê‚íòà íåò èíñòðóìˆíòà. The musician has no instrument.<br />
ï. Îí ï‰øåò î ïîë‰òèêå õîë‹äíîé âîéí›. He writes about the politics of the Cold War.<br />
ð. Ï‹åçä îòïðàâëµåòñÿ ñ ʉåâñêîãî The train leaves from the Kievsky (Kiev)<br />
âîêç‚ëà.<br />
station.<br />
ñ. Òàì ìí‹ãî òðàìâ‚åâ. There are a lot of trams there.<br />
ò. ψðâîå èƒíÿ – Äåíü çàù‰òû äåòˆé. June 1st is the day of the protection of children.<br />
ó. Ìåäï˜íêò çàêð›ò èç-çà îòñ˜òñòâèÿ The medical centre is closed due to an absence<br />
âðà÷ˆé è ìåäñåñò¸ð.<br />
of doctors and nurses / because there aren’t any<br />
doctors or nurses.<br />
ô. Êîíöˆðòíûé çàë Ìàðè‰íñêîãî òå‚òðà. The concert hall of the Mariinsky Theatre.<br />
õ. Æåë‚þ âàì óñïˆøíîãî äíÿ! Have a successful day!<br />
2. List the genitive nouns from exercise 1 in the nominative singular<br />
ìóçˆé, âðˆìÿ, â‰çà, äâåðü, âåäð‹, æåíà, êîìèòˆò, ï‹ðöèÿ, çåë¸íûé, êóá‹ê, ìèð, âèí‹,<br />
êí‰ãà, ð‹çà, ìóçûê‚íò, èíñòðóìˆíò, âîéí‚, âîêç‚ë, òðàìâ‚é, èþíü, çàù‰òà, ðåá¸íîê,<br />
îòñ˜òñòâèå, âðà÷, ìåäñåñòð‚, òå‚òð, äåíü.<br />
19<br />
3. Choose nouns to fill the gaps. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Äèðˆêòîð á‚íêà.<br />
á. Á‚íêà èêð›.<br />
â. Ðîì‚í Òîëñò‹ãî «Âîéí‚ è Ìèð».<br />
ã. Ïüˆñà ׈õîâ «Òðè Ñåñòð›».<br />
ä. Êèë‹ ãðóç‰íñêèõ ïîìèä‹ð îâ.<br />
å. Áóò›ëêà íåìˆöêîãî ï‰âà.<br />
æ. Ìîñêâ‚ – ¬òî ïîðò ïÿò‰ ìîðˆé.<br />
ç. Ó òóð‰ñòà íåò â‰çû.<br />
è. Ï‹÷òà Ðîññ‰è.<br />
4. Insert appropriate adjectives to fill the gaps. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ìàø‰íà ñê‹ðîé ï‹ìîùè.<br />
á. Áóêˆò êð‚ñíûõ ðîç.<br />
â. Äåíü îòêð›òûõ äâåðˆé.<br />
ã. Ðåæèññ¸ð äåòåêò‰âíûõ ô‰ëüìîâ.<br />
ä. Ñåêðåò‚ðü êîììóíèñò‰÷åñêîé ï‚ðòèè.<br />
å. Êîíˆö ðàá‹÷åãî äíÿ.<br />
æ. Ìí‹ãî èíäóñòðè‚ëüíûõ ãîðîä‹â.<br />
ç. Ïÿòü ìîëîä›õ ìàòð‹ñîâ.<br />
12 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
5. Choose words and phrases to fill the gaps. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à.  í‚øè äíè ó ìîëîä›õ ëþäˆé ñë‰øêîì ìí‹ãî äˆíåã.<br />
á. Ìàð‰íà ïîëó÷‰ëà áóêˆò öâåò‹â îò á›âøåãî íà÷‚ëüíèêà.<br />
â. Ìû æä¸ì âàñ ñ ð‚ííåãî óòð‚.<br />
ã. Îò ¬òîé ñò‚íöèè ìû ïîëó÷‚åì ‹÷åíü ìí‹ãî ýëåêòðîýíˆðãèè.<br />
ä. Ðîññ‰ÿ áåç ñàìîâ‚ðà – ¬òî íå Ðîññ‰ÿ! (Ï.À. Ñòîë›ïèí)<br />
å. Êóðˆíèå âðˆäíî äëÿ â‚øåãî çäîð‹âüÿ.<br />
æ. Ìû á›ëè íà äà÷å À.Ï. ׈õîâà.<br />
ç. Ä‚÷à íåäàëåê‹ îò ßëòû.<br />
6. Choose words to fill the gaps. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ìû æåë‚åì âàì ñ÷‚ñòüÿ è çäîð‹âüÿ !<br />
á. Ó íèõ åñòü àíòèáè‹òèêè. Îí‰ íå áîµòñÿ èíôˆêöèè.<br />
â. ß ïåññèì‰ñò. ß íå îæèä‚þ ïîëîæ‰òåëüíîãî ðåçóëüò‚òà.<br />
ã. Îí‰ ‹÷åíü óñò‚ëè. Îíè õîòµò ïîê‹ÿ.<br />
ä. Îí íå õîòˆë îá‰äåòü òåáµ. Îí ïð‹ñèò ïðîùˆíèÿ.<br />
7. Choose numbers to fill the gaps. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ĉòñêèé ôèëüì “Ñòî îä‰í äàëìàò‰íåö”?<br />
á. Ðîì‚í Àëåêñ‚íäðà Äþì‚ “Òðè ìóøêåò¸ðà”.<br />
â. Àìåðèê‚íñêèé ôèëüì “Ñåìü íåâˆñò äëÿ ñåìåð›õ áð‚òüåâ”.<br />
ã. Ïüˆñà À.Ï. ׈õîâà “Òðè ñåñòð›”.<br />
ä. Ðîì‚í Ñîëæåí‰öûíà “Îäèí äåíü Èâ‚íà Äåíèñ‹âè÷à”.<br />
å. Íàð‹äíàÿ ïˆñíÿ “Äâåí‚äöàòü ðàçá‹éíèêîâ”.<br />
æ. Ðîì‚í Èëüôà è Ïåòð‹âà “Äâåí‚äöàòü ñò˜ëüåâ”.<br />
ç. Àð‚áñêàÿ ïî¬ìà “Ò›ñÿ÷à è îäí‚ íî÷ü”.<br />
è. Êí‰ãà Äæ‹íà Љäà “Äˆñÿòü äíåé, êîò‹ðûå ïîòðÿñë‰ ìèð”.<br />
8. Find 22 nouns in the genitive singular or the genitive plural<br />
Write them out in the nominative singular.<br />
êðûë‹, ïîáˆäà, ñïîðò, ðàá‹òà, ïîñåò‰òåëü, æèçíü, ñàä, îæèä‚íèå, ‹òäûõ, áðèòü¸,<br />
â›ïóñêíèê, øê‹ëà, öèðê, ñòîðîí‚, ñàä, ñîá‚êà, ê‹øêà, ñòð‰æêà, îäˆæäà, æèâ‹òíîå,<br />
ðåàáèëèò‚öèÿ, ðå÷ü, çà‰êàíèå (stammering).<br />
(ñàä is repeated, giving 23 nouns).<br />
9. Choose words to fill the gaps. Change the endings as necessary<br />
Ðîáˆðò Ðîæäˆñòâåíñêèé. «Ðˆêâèåì». Ïîñâÿùˆíèå:<br />
Ï‚ìÿòè í‚øèõ îòö‹â è ñò‚ðøèõ áð‚òüåâ,<br />
ï‚ìÿòè âˆ÷íî ìîëîä›õ ñîëä‚ò è îôèöˆðîâ Ñîâˆòñêîé ‚ðìèè,<br />
ï‚âøèõ íà ôðîíò‚õ Âåë‰êîé Îòˆ÷åñòâåííîé âîéí›.<br />
Îòð›âîê èç ïî¬ìû:<br />
Íî êîãä‚-òî, íî êîãä‚-òî,<br />
Êò‹-òî â ì‰ðå ï‹ìíèë ‰ìÿ íåèçâˆñòíîãî ñîëä‚òà.<br />
Âåäü åù¸ äî ñ‚ìîé ñìˆðòè îí èìˆë äðóçåé íåì‚ëî.<br />
10. Fill in the words to the Soviet song. Use genitive endings<br />
à. Øèðîê‚ ñòðàí‚ ìîµ ðîäí‚ÿ,<br />
Ìí‹ãî â íåé ëåñ‹â, ïîëˆé è ðåê!<br />
ß òàê‹é äðóã‹é ñòðàí› íå çí‚þ,<br />
Ãäå òàê â‹ëüíî ä›øèò ÷åëîâˆê!<br />
á. Îãíˆé òàê ìí‹ãî çîëîò›õ<br />
Íà óëèö‚õ Ñàð‚òîâà.<br />
Ïàðíˆé òàê ìí‹ãî õîëîñò›õ,<br />
À ÿ ëþáëƒ ___________*!<br />
(èç ïîïóëµðíîé ïˆñíè)<br />
20<br />
21<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 13
11. The dative case<br />
1. Complete the translations of the words in the dative<br />
à. ß ïèø˜ ïèñüì‹ äèðˆêòîðó çàâ‹äà. I am writing a letter to the director of the factory.<br />
á. Îí‚ ñêàç‚ëà åì˜ îá ¬òîì. She told him about that.<br />
â. Îí ïîêóï‚åò ïîä‚ðîê ñò‚ðøåé ñåñòðˆ. He is buying a present for her elder sister.<br />
ã. Ñê‹ëüêî ëåò â‚øèì ðîä‰òåëÿì? How old are your parents?<br />
ä. Íàø ðàññê‚ç ïîäõ‹äèò ê êîíö˜. Our story is coming to an end.<br />
å. Êëèˆíòó íóæí‚ ïð‚âèëüíàÿ èíôîðì‚öèÿ. The client needs the correct information.<br />
æ. ß äˆëàþ âàì ïðåäëîæˆíèå. I am making you a proposal.<br />
ç. Îí‚ ÷‚ñòî äà¸ò ñîâˆòû ïîäð˜ãàì. She often gives advice to her girlfriends.<br />
è. Âîëê ïîäõîä‰ë âñ¸ áë‰æå ê íåé. The wolf was getting closer and closer to him.<br />
ê. Àííà ïðåäëîæ‰ëà ãîñòµì ÷àé. Anna offered her guests tea.<br />
ë. ß ïîçâîí‰ë ñò‚ðîìó äð˜ãó. I rang an old friend.<br />
ì. Ìû ïîøë‰ ïî ͈âñêîìó ïðîñïˆêòó. We set off along Nevsky Prospect.<br />
í. Êîìèòˆò ïî çäðàâîõðàíˆíèþ. Committee for Health Care (Protection).<br />
î. Îí îòïð‚âèë ôàêñ íåìˆöêèì ïàðòí¸ðàì. He sent a fax to his German partners.<br />
ï. Òóð‰ñòàì ïîíð‚âèëàñü ýêñê˜ðñèÿ? Did the tourists like the excursion?<br />
ð. Âàì íå õ‹ëîäíî? Are you cold?<br />
ñ. Ìî‰ì äˆòÿì íåïîíµòíî. My children don’t understand.<br />
ò. Îí ïîìîã‚åò àôðèê‚íñêèì ôˆðìåðàì. He is helping African farmers<br />
2. Complete the translations of the slogans<br />
à. Every blow of the hammer is a blow against the enemy!<br />
á. The town is 70 years old!<br />
â. Peace to the World!<br />
ã. Say no to vodka!<br />
ä. All power to the people!<br />
å. Thank you to courteous (polite) drivers!<br />
3. Choose nouns to fill the gaps. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. ß íàïèñ‚ë ó÷‰òåëüíèöå ïî ï‹âîäó äîì‚øíåãî çàä‚íèÿ ñ›íà.<br />
á. ß íàïèñ‚ë ‚âòîðó î åã‹ í‹âîé êí‰ãå.<br />
â. ß ïîçâîí‰ë ðåæèññ¸ðó î åã‹ ô‰ëüìå.<br />
ã. ß ïîçâîí‰ë äèðˆêòîðó á‚íêà î êðåä‰òå.<br />
ä. ß ïîêàç‚ë ãîñòþ åãî ê‹ìíàòó.<br />
å. ß ïîì‹ã êîëëˆãå íà ðàá‹òå.<br />
æ. ß ïðèñë‚ë äð˜ãó ïðèãëàøˆíèå íà âå÷åð‰íêó.<br />
This exercise has several<br />
possible correct combinations<br />
22<br />
4. ×òî êîì˜ í˜æíî? - “Who needs what?”<br />
×òî í˜æíî òðàêòîð‰ñòó? Òðàêòîð‰ñòó í˜æåí òð‚êòîð.<br />
à. ×òî í˜æíî ôóòáîë‰ñòó? Ôóòáîë‰ñòó í˜æåí ìÿ÷.<br />
á. ×òî í˜æíî êîñìîí‚âòó? Êîñìîí‚âòó íóæí‚ ðàêåòà.<br />
â. ×òî í˜æíî ìåäñåñòðå? Ìåäñåñòðå íóæí› ìåäèêàìåíòû.<br />
ã. ×òî í˜æíî òóð‰ñòó? Òóð‰ñòó íóæí‚ â‰çà.<br />
ä. ×òî í˜æíî âåëîñèïåä‰ñòó? Âåëîñèïåä‰ñòó í˜æåí âåëîñèïˆä.<br />
å. ×òî í˜æíî áàíê‰ðó? Áàíê‰ðó íóæí› äˆíüãè.<br />
æ. ×òî í˜æíî ëèíãâ‰ñòó? Ëèíãâ‰ñòó í˜æåí ñëîâ‚ðü.<br />
.<br />
14 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
5. Ðàçãîâ‹ðíàÿ ïð‚êòèêà<br />
×òî âàì ïîíð‚âèëîñü â Ìîñêâˆ? - “What did you like in Moscow?”<br />
Teacher marking required.<br />
6. Choose words to fill the gaps. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ìàø‰íà ˆõàëà ïî Ϙøêèíñêàÿ ˜ëèöà.<br />
á. Ìû ïîäîøë‰ ê êðàþ ëˆñà.<br />
â. Ýêñê˜ðñèè ïî ðˆêàì è êàí‚ëàì.<br />
ã. Ñåðãˆé è ͉íà ‹÷åíü ä‹ëãî ãîâîðµò ïî òåëåô‹íó.<br />
ä. Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðá˜ðã – âòîð‹é ïî âåëè÷èíˆ ã‹ðîä Ðîññ‰è.<br />
å. Îí‚ íå ïðèãîò‹âèëàñü ê ìîåì˜ ïðèˆçäó.<br />
æ. Ó ìåíµ íåò ä‹ñòóïà ê õîð‹øåé á‚çå ä‚ííûõ.<br />
ç. ×åìïèîí‚ò ì‰ðà ïî ôóòá‹ëó ñîñòîµëñÿ â Þæíîé Àôðèêå â 2010ã.<br />
è. Êîëëˆãè âîøë‰ â ‹ôèñ äèðˆêòîðà ïî îäíîì˜.<br />
ê. Ñïàñ‰áî äˆäó çà ïîáˆäó!<br />
7. Êàê Âû ä˜ìàåòå, êîì˜ ¬òè ï‚ìÿòíèêè?<br />
à. Ýòî ï‚ìÿòíèê Íèêîë‚þ Ëãîëþ.<br />
á. Ýòî ï‚ìÿòíèê Àëåêñ‚íäðó Ϙøêèíó.<br />
â. Ýòî ï‚ìÿòíèê Ìèõà‰ëó ˈðìîíòîâó.<br />
ã. Ýòî ï‚ìÿòíèê ñîâˆòñêèì âîéñê‚ì.<br />
ä. Ýòî ï‚ìÿòíèê áðèò‚íñêèì ñîëä‚òàì.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 15
12. The instrumental case<br />
1. Complete the translations of the words in the instrumental<br />
à. ß ì‹þñü ì›ëîì. I wash with soap.<br />
á. Ó÷‰òåëü ï‰øåò êð‚ñíûì êàðàíäàø‹ì. The teacher writes with a red pencil.<br />
â. Лáó ë‹âÿò ñˆòÿìè. They catch the fish with nets.<br />
ã. Îí ñêàç‚ë ¬òî ñ óë›áêîé. He said it with a smile.<br />
ä. ß ïðèä˜ ñ áîëüø‰ì óäîâ‹ëüñòâèåì. I will come with great pleasure.<br />
å. Àíäðˆé ñèä‰ò ñ ñèìïàò‰÷íîé äˆâóøêîé. Andrey is sitting with a nice girl.<br />
æ. Îí‚ ïðîõ‹äèò ìˆæäó ñò‹ëèêàìè. She passes between the tables.<br />
ç. ψðåä â‚ìè ñåðü¸çíàÿ çàä‚÷à. Ahead of you there is a serious task.<br />
è. Äðóçüµ ñòîµëè ïˆðåä ä‹ìîì. The friends were standing in front of the house.<br />
ê. Ñ‹ëíöå óæˆ çà ãîð‹é. The sun is already behind the hill.<br />
ë. еäîì ñ íèì ø¸ë åã‹ ñûí. His son was walking next to him.<br />
ì. Âàä‰ì íå çàíèì‚åòñÿ ñï‹ðòîì. Vadim does not take part in sport.<br />
í. Îí èíòåðåñ˜åòñÿ ò‹ëüêî äæ‚çîì He is only interested in jazz and girls.<br />
è äˆâóøêàìè.<br />
î. Ìû á˜äåì íàä¸æíûìè ïàðòí¸ðàìè. We will be reliable partners.<br />
ï. Îí ñòàë îï‚ñíûì øïè‹íîì. He became a dangerous spy.<br />
ð. Îí‚ ï‹ëüçóåòñÿ êîíò‚êòàìè She is using her contacts in the Ministry.<br />
â ìèíèñòˆðñòâå.<br />
ñ. Ìû îñò‚íåìñÿ äðóçüµìè. We will stay friends.<br />
ò. Ýòî ñëó÷‰ëîñü ‹ñåíüþ. It happened in the autumn.<br />
ó. Ìàòü ÷èò‚åò åì˜ ñê‚çêó ïˆðåä ñíîì. His mother reads him a tale before sleep.<br />
ô. Íå ïîêóï‚éòå äîðîã‰å âˆùè Don’t buy expensive things with your eyes closed!<br />
ñ çàêð›òûìè ãëàç‚ìè!<br />
õ. Ôîòîâ›ñòàâêà ïîä îòêð›òûì íˆáîì. Photo exhibition in the open air (sky).<br />
“Ìèð ãëàçàìè ðîññèÿí”.<br />
“The world through the eyes of <strong>Russian</strong>s”.<br />
23<br />
3. Put the pairs together with ñ - “with”. Change the endings as necessary.<br />
Example:<br />
ê‹ôå ñ ñ‚õàðîì.<br />
à. õëåá ñ ì‚ñëîì.<br />
á. ÷àé ñ ëèì‹íîì.<br />
â. áóòåðáð‹ä ñ êîëáàñ‹é.<br />
ã. ìóæ÷‰íà ñ í‹âîé ìàø‰íîé.<br />
ä. äîì ñ ÷¸ðíîé êð›øåé.<br />
å. àóäèîä‰ñê ñ êëàññ‰÷åñêîé ì˜çûêîé.<br />
æ. ä‚ìà ñ ñîá‚÷êîé<br />
4. Choose words to fill the gaps. Insert the preposition ñ if it is needed, and change<br />
the endings as necessary<br />
à. Âðà÷ ñë˜øàë íàñ ñ áîëüø‰ì èíòåðˆñîì.<br />
á. Çåí‰ò èãð‚ë ñ ìîñê‹âñêèì Ñïàðòàê‹ì.<br />
â. Îí êð‚ñèò äîì áˆëîé êð‚ñêîé.<br />
ã. Îí ëƒáèò êàðò‹øêó ñ ë˜êîì.<br />
ä. Îí ãîâîð‰ò ‹÷åíü ãð‹ìêèì ã‹ëîñîì.<br />
å. Ó íèõ áûë ïàêò ñ êîììóí‰ñòàìè.<br />
æ. ß ïðèˆõàë ñ ðîä‰òåëÿìè.<br />
ç. Âîò òˆðìîñ ñ ãîðµ÷èì ÷‚åì.<br />
è. ß ëþáëƒ äˆâóøêó äë‰ííûìè âîëîñ‚ìè.<br />
16 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
5. Choose prepositions and nouns to fill the gaps. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ðîññ‰éñêèé ôëàã âèñ‰ò íàä Êðåìë¸ì.<br />
á. Ÿ äˆíüãè á›ëè â êîíâˆðòå ïîä êðîâ‚òüþ.<br />
â. Ñàð‚òîâ íàõ‹äèòñÿ íà ‹ëãå ìˆæäó Ñàì‚ðîé è Âîëãîãð‚äîì.<br />
ã. Îí èä¸ò íà âå÷åð‰íêó ñ ñåñòð‹é.<br />
ä. Òàêñ‰ñò ñèä‰ò çà ðóë¸ì.<br />
å. Êîãä‚ Ê‹ëÿ ˆçäèò â êîìàíäèð‹âêó, îí âñåãä‚ çâîí‰ò æåíˆ ïˆðåä ñíîì.<br />
7. Choose words to fill the gaps. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ìîëîä‹é Ãàã‚ðèí ìå÷ò‚ë ñòàòü êîñìîí‚âòîì.<br />
á. Ýòîò ôèëüì ïîêàç‚ëñÿ ìíå ‹÷åíü ñòð‚ííûì.<br />
â. Ïîñê‹ëüêó îí‚ î÷åíü ëþá‰ëà äåòˆé, îí‚ ðåø‰ëà ñòàòü ó÷‰òåëüíèöåé.<br />
ã. Ìîé äµäÿ ëþá‰ë ñèäˆòü ä‹ìà. Îí íå çàíèì‚ëñÿ ñï‹ðòîì.<br />
ä. Íèêîë‚é Ñåðãˆåâè÷ ðàá‹òàë èíæåíˆðîì íà ¬òîì çàâ‹äå.<br />
å. Ï‹ñëå êîíöˆðòà äˆâî÷êè ðåø‰ëè ñòàòü ìóçûê‚íòàìè.<br />
æ. Ýòî ê‚æåòñÿ íåí˜æíûì äˆëîì.<br />
ç. Í‚øè ïîëèò‰÷åñêèå ë‰äåðû íå èíòåðåñ˜þòñÿ ïðîáëˆìàìè òðˆòüåãî ì‰ðà.<br />
è. Ìîé áðàò ÿâëµåòñÿ äèðˆêòîðîì ì‹ëî÷íîãî çàâ‹äà.<br />
8. Choose words to fill the gaps. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à.  íà÷‚ëå ψðâîé Ìèðîâ‹é âîéí› ×ˆð÷èëëü êîìàíäîâ‚ë áðèò‚íñêèì ìîðñê‰ì ôë‹òîì.<br />
á. Îí‰ ãîðäµòñÿ ñâî‰ìè îòë‰÷íûìè îòíîøˆíèÿìè ñ ñîñˆäÿìè.<br />
â. Ìîé áðàò âëàäˆåò òðåìµ èíîñòð‚ííûìè ÿçûê‚ìè.<br />
ã. Àëåêñ‚íäð çàáîëˆë ïò‰÷üèì ãð‰ïïîì.<br />
ä. Äèðˆêòîð óãîù‚ë ðàá‹÷èõ øàìï‚íñêèì.<br />
å. Ìû òîðã˜åì ïðîä˜êòàìè ñâîåã‹ ïðîèçâ‹äñòâà.<br />
æ. ß ñ÷èò‚þ åã‹ õîð‹øèì êîëëˆãîé.<br />
ç. Ýòà ô‰ðìà óä‚÷íî ï‹ëüçóåòñÿ í‹âîé òåõíîë‹ãèåé.<br />
è.  Ðîññèè í‚÷àëè ï‹ëüçîâàòüñÿ ãðèãîðè‚íñêèì êàëåíäàð¸ì ï‹ñëå ðåâîëƒöèè.<br />
ê. Áðîñü êóð‰òü! Òû ðèñê˜åøü çäîð‹âüåì.<br />
ë. Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðá˜ðã ñ÷èò‚åòñÿ âòîð‹é ñòîë‰öåé Ðîññ‰è.<br />
ì. Íåëüçµ áûòü íåìí‹æêî áåðˆìåííîé.<br />
9. Choose words to fill the gaps. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Îòˆö íåäîâ‹ëåí ñïîðò‰âíûìè óñïˆõàìè ñâîåã‹ ñûí‚.<br />
á. Âîñò‹÷íàÿ Óêðà‰íà áîã‚òà óãë¸ì.<br />
â. Ìàð‰ÿ áûë‚ óäèâëåí‚ åã‹ àãðåññ‰âíîñòüþ.<br />
ã. ß íå ñîãë‚ñåí ñ â‚øèìè èäˆÿìè.<br />
ä. Íàñ îãð‚áèëè í‹÷üþ.<br />
å. Îí‰ âñå áîëüí› òóáåðêóë¸çîì.<br />
æ. Îí‚ áåðˆìåííà òðˆòüèì ðåá¸íêîì.<br />
ç. Èç Ìîñêâ› ñ ëþá‹âüþ.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 17
24<br />
10. Fill in the words to the poems and the song. Use instrumental endings<br />
à. È ìˆäëåííî, ïðîéäµ ìåæ ïüµíûìè,<br />
Âñåãä‚ áåç ñï˜òíèêîâ, îäí‚,<br />
Äûø‚ äóõ‚ìè è òóì‚íàìè,<br />
Îí‚ ñàä‰òñÿ ó îêí‚.<br />
(Àëåêñ‚íäð Áëîê, «Íåçíàê‹ìêà». Îòð›âîê)<br />
á. ß Âàñ ëþá‰ë áåçì‹ëâíî, áåçíàäˆæíî,<br />
Òî ð‹áîñòüþ, òî ðˆâíîñòüþ òîì‰ì.<br />
ß âàñ ëþá‰ë òàê ‰ñêðåííî, òàê íˆæíî,<br />
Êàê äàé âàì Áîã ëþá‰ìîé áûòü äðóã‰ì.<br />
(À.Ñ. Ϙøêèí, «ß Âàñ ëþá‰ë». Îòð›âîê)<br />
* ‰ñêðåííî is an archaic form.<br />
The modern form is ‰cêðåííå. See section 28.<br />
â. Áåç ìåíµ òåáˆ, ëþá‰ìûé ìîé,<br />
Çåìëµ ìàë‚, êàê ‹ñòðîâ.<br />
Áåç ìåíµ òåáˆ, ëþá‰ìûé ìîé,<br />
Ëåòˆòü ñ îäí‹ êðûë‹ì.<br />
(ñëîâ‚ èç ïˆñíè «Áåç ìåíµ». Ð. Ï‚óëñ)<br />
ã. Âíèì‚íèå! Âíèì‚íèå!<br />
Ãîâîð‰ò Ãåðì‚íèÿ!<br />
Ñåã‹äíÿ ˜òðîì ïîä ìîñò‹ì<br />
Ïîéì‚ëè Éòëåðà ñ õâîñò‹ì!<br />
(Ĉòñêèé ñòèø‹ê âðåì¸í âîéí›)<br />
18 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
13. The prepositional case<br />
1. Complete the translations of the words in the prepositional case<br />
à. Êë‰ìàò â Àíãëèè êàê â Êðûì˜. The climate in England is as / like in the Crimea.<br />
á. Æä‰òå ìåíµ íà ïëàòô‹ðìå. Wait for me on the platform.<br />
â. ß õî÷˜ ïîãîâîð‰òü î ôîòîãð‚ôèÿõ. I want to talk about the photos.<br />
ã. Ïðè áîëüøåâèê‚õ á›ëî õ˜æå. It was worse when the Bolsheviks were in power.<br />
ä. Îí‰ îòäûõ‚ëè íà ʘáå. They were having a holiday in Cuba.<br />
å. Îí îòâˆòèë íà ðîäí‹ì ÿçûêˆ. He replied in his native language.<br />
æ. Ñàð‚íñê íå íà ‹ëãå. Saransk is not on the Volga.<br />
ç. ×òî ó âàñ â ñ˜ïå? What is in your soup?<br />
è. Îí ïðèˆõàë íà ñò‚ðîì âåëîñèïˆäå. He arrived on an old bicycle.<br />
ê. Øê‹ëû çàêðûâ‚þò ïðè ñ‰ëüíûõ ìîð‹çàõ.<br />
They close the schools when there are severe frosts.<br />
ë. Íè ñë‹âà ïðè í¸ì! Not a word in his presence / when he is here!<br />
ì. Îí‚ äàâí‹ æèâ¸ò íà ñˆâåðå. She has been living in the north for a long time.<br />
í. Ó íåã‹ áûë‚ êˆïêà íà ãîëîâˆ. He had a cap on his head.<br />
î. Ìû á›ëè íà êîíöˆðòå â í‹âîé êîíñåðâàò‹ðèè.<br />
We were at a concert in the new conservatory.<br />
ï. Îí‰ æ‰ëè íà êðàƒ ëˆñà. They lived on the edge of the forest.<br />
ð. Àäàì è Åâà æ‰ëè â ðàƒ. Adam and Eve lived in Paradise.<br />
ñ.  ñàä˜ ìí‹ãî öâåò‹â. There are a lot of flowers in the garden.<br />
ò. Ïðè â›áîðå êîìïüƒòåðà, íàäî èìˆòü â âèä˜ è åã‹ ì‹ùíîñòü, è åã‹ öˆíó.<br />
When choosing a computer you must<br />
bear in mond both its power and its price.<br />
ó. Õðàí‰òå äˆíüãè â á‚íêå, Keep your money in a tin, and the tin in the kitchen!<br />
à á‚íêó íà ê˜õíå!<br />
(untranslatable play on words)<br />
ô. Îí‚ êóï‰ëà êîò‚ â ìåøêˆ! She bought a cat in a bag! (a pig in a poke)<br />
2. List the prepositional nouns, pronouns and adjectives from exercise 1 in<br />
the nominative singular<br />
Àíãëèÿ, Êðûì, ïëàòô‹ðìà, ôîòîãð‚ôèÿ, áîëüøåâ‰ê, ʘáà, ðîäí‹é ÿçûê, ‹ëãà, ñóï,<br />
ñò‚ðûé âåëîñèïˆä, ñ‰ëüíûé ìîð‹ç, îí, ñˆâåð, ãîëîâ‚, êîíöˆðò, í‹âàÿ êîíñåðâàò‹ðèÿ,<br />
êðàé, ðàé, ñàä, â›áîð, âèä, á‚íêà (áàíê!), ê˜õíÿ, ìåø‹ê.<br />
3. Choose words to fill the gaps. Ñhange the endings as necessary<br />
Ñê‹ëüêî äíåé â íåäˆëå?<br />
 íåäˆëå ñåìü äíåé.<br />
à. Ñê‹ëüêî íåäˆëü â ìˆñÿöå?  ìˆñÿöå ÷åò›ðå íåäˆëè.<br />
á. Ñê‹ëüêî ìˆñÿöåâ â ãîä˜?  ãîä˜ äâåí‚äöàòü ìˆñÿöåâ.<br />
â. Ñê‹ëüêî ñàíòèìˆòðîâ â ìˆòðå?  ìˆòðå ñòî ñàíòèìˆòðîâ.<br />
ã. Ñê‹ëüêî ìˆòðîâ â êèëîìˆòðå?  êèëîìˆòðå ò›ñÿ÷à ìˆòðîâ.<br />
ä. Ñê‹ëüêî êîïˆåê â ðóáëˆ?  ðóáëˆ ñòî êîïˆåê.<br />
å. Ñê‹ëüêî ñåê˜íä â ìèí˜òå?  ìèí˜òå øåñòüäåñµò ñåê˜íä.<br />
æ. Ñê‹ëüêî ìèí˜ò â ÷‚ñå?  ÷‚ñå øåñòüäåñµò ìèí˜ò.<br />
ç. Ñê‹ëüêî ïˆíñîâ â ô˜íòå?  ô˜íòå ñòî ïˆíñîâ.<br />
è. Ñê‹ëüêî ãð‚ììîâ â êèëîãð‚ììå?  êèëîãð‚ììå ò›ñÿ÷à ãð‚ììîâ.<br />
ê. Ñê‹ëüêî ëåò â ñòîëˆòèè?  ñòîëˆòèè ñòî ëåò.<br />
25<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 19
4. Choose words and phrases to fill the gaps. Insert the preposition â or íà, and<br />
change the endings as necessary<br />
à.  ¬òîì ñò‚ðîì ä‹ìå íåò âîä› è íåò ýëåêòð‰÷åñòâà.<br />
á. Îí êóï‰ë “Àííó Êàðˆíèíó” â êí‰æíîì ìàãàç‰íå íà Í‹âîì Àðá‚òå.<br />
â. Íèêîë‚é - òàë‚íòëèâûé ìóçûê‚íò. Îí èãð‚åò íà ðîµëå è íà ôëˆéòå.<br />
ã. Ò‚íÿ ˜÷èòñÿ â Èðê˜òñêîì Ãîñóä‚ðñòâåííîì Ëèíãâèñò‰÷åñêîì Óíèâåðñèòˆòå.<br />
ä. ͉æíèé Í‹âãîðîä íàõ‹äèòñÿ íà ‹ëãå.<br />
å. Âàñ‰ëèé íàó÷‰ëñÿ íà ã‹ðüêîì ‹ïûòå.<br />
æ.  óêðà‰íñêîì áîðùå îá›÷íî ìí‹ãî ÷åñíîê‚.<br />
ç. Îí ä‚æå èãð‚ë â Áîëüø‹ì òå‚òðå.<br />
è. Óô‚ íàõ‹äèòñÿ íà Óð‚ëå.<br />
ê. Îí‚ ïî¸ò ïˆñíè íà àíãë‰éñêîì ÿç›êå.<br />
ë. Îí‚ îñò‚âèëà ˜æèí ì˜æà â õîëîä‰ëüíèêå.<br />
ì. Ï‚ìÿòíèê Þðèþ Äîëãîð˜êîìó íàõ‹äèòñÿ íà Òâåðñê‹é ïë‹ùàäè.<br />
6. They are all preoccupied with their work. Choose words to fill the gaps, use the<br />
preposition î (or îá) , and change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Áàíê‰ð ï‰øåò äîêë‚ä î í‹âîé äåá‰òíîé ê‚ðòå.<br />
á. Ñòðî‰òåëü ä˜ìàåò î öåíˆ íà öåìˆíò.<br />
â. Ïîë‰òèê áåñï‹êîèòñÿ î â›áîðàõ.<br />
ã. Ïàðèêì‚õåð êóï‰ë êí‰ãó î æˆíñêèõ ïðè÷¸ñêàõ.<br />
ä. ˸ò÷èêè ñìîòðˆëè ôèëüì î ïàññàæ‰ðñêîì ñàìîë¸òå.<br />
å. Ãåíåð‚ë ñë˜øàåò ëˆêöèþ î âîéíˆ ïð‹òèâ òåððîð‰çìà.<br />
æ. Âåòåðèí‚ð ñïð‚øèâàåò î áîëüí‹é ñîá‚êå.<br />
ç. Ýê‹ëîãè ñï‹ðÿò î ÷èñòîòˆ âîä› â ðåêˆ.<br />
è. Ïðåïîäàâ‚òåëü ð˜ññêîãî ÿçûê‚ ðàññê‚çûâàåò î ñë‹æíîé ãðàììàò‰÷åñêîé ïðîáëˆìå .<br />
ê. Ñàï‹æíèê ÷èò‚åò ñòàòüƒ îá èòàëüµíñêèõ ò˜ôëÿõ<br />
ë. Àðõèòˆêòîð âèäåë ñîí îá ýêñïåðèìåíò‚ëüíîì çä‚íèè.<br />
ì. Ï‹âàð ïî¸ò ïˆñíþ î ð˜ññêîì áîðùˆ.<br />
7. Choose words to fill the gaps, add the preposition â, íà or î as required, and<br />
change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ìàðãàð‰òà áûë‚ íà áàë˜ ó Ñàòàí›.<br />
á. Ìû á˜äåì îòäûõ‚òü â Êðûì˜ ¬òèì ëˆòîì.<br />
â. Ñîá‚êà ñèäˆëà íà ïîë˜ ‹êîëî ïå÷‰.<br />
ã. Ñîëä‚òû íå õîòˆëè ãîâîð‰òü î á‹å.<br />
ä. Êîð‚áëü îñò‚ëñÿ äâà äíÿ â ïîðò˜.<br />
å. Âû íàéä¸òå ñîëü, ïˆðåö è êˆò÷óï â øêàô˜.<br />
æ. Îí‚ ñòîµëà íà áåðå㘠è ñìîòðˆëà íà ì‹ðå.<br />
ç. Íå í‚äî ñòîµòü íà êðàƒ ïëàòô‹ðìû.<br />
è. Ó íåã‹ â ñàä˜ ìí‹ãî êð‚ñíûõ ðîç.<br />
ê. Ó íå¸ íà ï‚ëüöå çîëîò‹å êîëüö‹.<br />
ë. Îí ñòî‰ò îäí‹é íîã‹é â ãðîá˜.<br />
ì. Îí èñê‚ë î÷ê‰ â êàðì‚íå, íî îí‰ á›ëè ó íåã‹ íà íîñ˜.<br />
í. ß âàø, äðóçüµ – è ÿ ó âàñ â äîë㘠...<br />
8. Choose words to fill the gaps, change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ïðèíèì‚éòå ¬òè òàáëˆòêè ïðè ãîëîâí‹é á‹ëè.<br />
á. Êîëëåêòèâèç‚öèÿ êîëõ‹çîâ â ÑÑÑÐ ïðîèçîøë‚ ïðè Ñò‚ëèíå.<br />
â. Øê‹ëû çàêðûâ‚þò ïðè ñ‰ëüíûõ ìîð‹çàõ.<br />
ã. Àãˆíñòâî ïðåäëàã‚åò ï‹ìîùü ïðè ïîê˜ïêå í‹âîé êâàðò‰ðû.<br />
ä. Ä‹÷êà ïîñë‚ õ‹äèò â äˆòñêèé ñàä ïðè ïîñ‹ëüñòâå.<br />
å. Ïðè âñåõ îáñòîµòåëüñòâàõ âû äîëæí› äåðæ‚òü ÷åñòü è äîñò‹èíñòâî.<br />
æ. Ïðè ïîê˜ïêå í‹âîé ìàø‰íû í‚äî ä˜ìàòü î öåíˆ áåíç‰íà.<br />
20 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
14. Prepositions<br />
1. Insert prepositions from the box without changing any endings.<br />
Some are used more than once.<br />
à. Îí‚ ïðèˆõàëà èç Âëàäèâîñò‹êà.<br />
á. Íèêò‹ íå çí‚åò, êð‹ìå Ñåð¸æè.<br />
â. Îí‰ áåã˜ò ïî êîðèä‹ðó.<br />
ã. Ñ âàñ 25 ðóáëˆé.<br />
ä. Ê‹ñòÿ ñèä‰ò ìˆæäó ͉íîé è Áîð‰ñîì.<br />
å. ß êóï‰ë ¬òîò ïîä‚ðîê äëÿ â‚øåé ä‹÷åðè.<br />
æ. Ï‹åçä ïîäõ‹äèò ê êîíˆ÷íîé îñòàí‹âêå.<br />
ç. Îí ðàññê‚çûâàë ïðî ïóòåøˆñòâèÿ Ãóëëèâˆðà.<br />
è. Ï‹åçä èä¸ò âäîëü áˆðåãà ‹çåðà.<br />
ê. Åã‹ îòˆö ñëóæ‰ë â êîìèòˆòå ïðè Ïðåçèäˆíòå Ðîññ‰éñêîé Ôåäåð‚öèè.<br />
ë. Îí ïîÿâ‰ëñÿ èç-çà ï‚ìÿòíèêà Ϙøêèíó.<br />
ì.  òˆêñòå ìí‹ãî îø‰áîê.<br />
í. Îí‰ á˜äóò çäåñü ñî âò‹ðíèêà äî ïµòíèöû.<br />
î. ß çàêàç‚ë áèëˆòû ïî òåëåô‹íó.<br />
ï. Ïåðåä í‚ìè áîëüø‚ÿ çàä‚÷à.<br />
ð. Ìû âñå çà äåìîêð‚òèþ.<br />
ñ. Îí‰ ïðîäàƒò îäˆæäó èç Åâð‹ïû.<br />
ò. ß íè÷åã‹ íå çí‚þ î í¸ì.<br />
ó. Ì‚ëü÷èê áåæ‰ò ÷ˆðåç ˜ëèöó.<br />
ô. Âñå çäåñü, êð‹ìå Èâàí‹âà. Îí ïðèä¸ò âî âò‹ðíèê.<br />
õ. Òóì‚í ëåæ‰ò íàä âîä‹é.<br />
ö. Îò Âëàäèâîñò‹êà äî Ìîñêâ› ñåìü äíåé íà ï‹åçäå.<br />
÷. Ìîµ ñåñòð‚ ñåé÷‚ñ áåç ðàá‹òû, íî ‹÷åíü õ‹÷åò ðàá‹òàòü.<br />
ø. Îí ìå÷ò‚ë îá àíãëè÷‚íêå.<br />
ù. Öåí‚ íà ãàç ïîäíèì‚åòñÿ.<br />
û. Îí‰ æ‰ëè ó ò¸òè ˆðû.<br />
ý. Íèêîë‚é êóï‰ë ä‚÷ó ïîä ͉æíèì Í‹âãîðîäîì.<br />
þ. Îí áð‹ñèë ìîíˆòó íà ñòîë.<br />
ÿ. Ê íàì ˆäåò ðåâèç‹ð.<br />
i. Èíñòð˜êöèÿ ïî ýâàêó‚öèè ïðè ïîæ‚ðå âèñ‰ò â êîðèä‹ðå.<br />
ii. Ñäà¸òñÿ ïîìåùˆíèå ïîä ‹ôèñ.<br />
iii. Îíè óøë‰ ïîä êîíˆö ì‚ò÷à, ÷ò‹áû óñïˆòü íà ï‹åçä.<br />
iv Êòî íå ñ í‚ìè, òîò ïð‹òèâ íàñ. (Â.È. ˈíèí)<br />
v. Þðèé Àíäð‹ïîâ áûë Ãåíåð‚ëüíûì ñåêðåòàð¸ì ÖÊ ÊÏÑÑ ñ íîÿáðµ 1982-ãî ã‹äà<br />
ïî ôåâð‚ëü 1984-ãî ã‹äà.<br />
vi. Ñòàð˜øêà ñîáèð‚ëà áóò›ëêè èç-ïîä âèí‚.<br />
vii. Ô‹òî ñî âñï›øêîé çàïðåùåí‹.<br />
15. Where? Where to? Where from?<br />
1. Fill the gaps with ãäå or êóä‚<br />
à. Êóäà òû áåæ‰øü?<br />
á. ß íå çí‚þ, ãäå îí ðàá‹òàåò.<br />
â. Ýòî ñòðàí‚, ãäå âñå ëƒäè äîâ‹ëüíû.<br />
ã. Îôèñ, ãäå ìû ð‚íüøå ðàá‹òàëè, óæå çàêð›ò.<br />
ä. Ãäå òû ˜÷èøüñÿ?<br />
å. Êóä‚ òû èä¸øü?  áèáëèîòˆêó?<br />
æ. Êóä‚ í‚äî îòïð‚âèòü ¬òî ïèñüì‹?<br />
26<br />
2. Write questions that will give the following answers<br />
Teacher marking required.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 21
16. â, íà, èç and ñ with places, etc.<br />
1. Fill the gaps with â or íà<br />
à. Ðóñë‚í êóï‰ë õëåá íà ð›íêå.<br />
á. Ìû èä¸ì íà ñïåêò‚êëü â ãîðîäñê‹é êîíöˆðòíûé çàë.<br />
ã. Èëüµ æèâ¸ò â í‹âîé êâàðò‰ðå íà ïðîñïˆêòå Ðåâîëƒöèè.<br />
ä. Ó íåã‹ ïîìèä‹ðû ðàñò˜ò íà áàëê‹íå.<br />
å. Ìîñê‹âñêèé Ñïàðò‚ê èãð‚åò íà ñòàäè‹íå «Ëóæíèꉻ.<br />
æ. íà â‚øåì ìˆñòå ÿ áû îòêàç‚ëñÿ îò å¸ ïðåäëîæˆíèÿ.<br />
ç. Âàëåíò‰íà èãð‚åò íà òðîìá‹íå â øê‹ëüíîì îðêˆñòðå.<br />
è. ß ðîäèë‚ñü â Ñ‹÷è íà áåðå㘠׸ðíîãî ì‹ðÿ.<br />
ê. ×åì âû çàíèì‚åòåñü íà Êàì÷‚òêå?<br />
ë. ϸòð ó÷‰ëñÿ â ÌÃÓ íà Èñòîð‰÷åñêîì ôàêóëüòˆòå.<br />
ì. Êîãä‚ òû ˆäåøü íà Êàâê‚ç?<br />
í. ̉øà ïðèëåòˆë íà ñàìîë¸òå ÀÍ-24.<br />
27<br />
2. Answer the questions as in the example<br />
Òû èä¸øü íà ñòàäè‹í?<br />
Íåò, ÿ èä˜ ñî ñòàäè‹íà!<br />
à. Òû èä¸øü íà âîêç‚ë? Íåò, ÿ èä˜ ñ âîêç‚ëà.<br />
á. Òû èä¸øü â òå‚òð? Íåò, ÿ èä˜ èç òå‚òðà.<br />
â. Òû ˆäåøü âî Âëàäèâîñò‹ê? Íåò, ÿ ˆäó èç Âëàäèâîñò‹êà<br />
ã. Òû ˆäåøü íà ñˆâåð? Íåò, ÿ ˆäó ñ ñˆâåðà.<br />
ä. Òû ˆäåøü íà Ñàõàë‰í? Íåò, ÿ ˆäó ñ Ñàõàë‰íà.<br />
å. Òû ˆäåøü â Êðûì? Íåò, ÿ ˆäó èç Êð›ìà<br />
17. Expressions of time<br />
1. Choose expressions to fill the gaps<br />
à. Îí ïðîñí˜ëñÿ â ÷àñ í‹÷è. Á›ëî òåìí‹.<br />
á. Òû áûë íà êîíöˆðòå â÷åð‚ âˆ÷åðîì ï‹ñëå ðåñòîð‚íà?<br />
â. ˈòîì ìû îá›÷íî îòäûõ‚åì â ßëòå.<br />
ã. Çèì‹é â ßê˜òñêå ‹÷åíü õ‹ëîäíî, íî Þðèé ðåø‰ë ïîðàá‹òàòü òàì äâà ìˆñÿöà<br />
– îò íà÷‚ëà äåêàáðµ äî êîíö‚ ÿíâàðµ.<br />
ä. Àííà ðàá‹òàåò òàì ò‹ëüêî íåäˆëþ, íî åé óæˆ íàäîˆëî.<br />
å. Îäí˜ ñåê˜íäó! ß ñåé÷‚ñ!<br />
æ. Îí ïîçâîí‰ë ìíå â ïµòíèöó ˜òðîì.<br />
ç. Ñò‚ëèí ˜ìåð â 1953-åì ãîä˜.<br />
è. Îêòµáðüñêóþ ðåâîëƒöèþ ïð‚çäíóþò íå â îêòÿáðˆ, à â íîÿáðˆ.<br />
2. Choose expressions to fill the gaps<br />
à. Ìû îá›÷íî îáˆäàåì â äâà ÷àñ‚ äíÿ.<br />
á.  ¬òîò äåíü îí ïðîñí˜ëñÿ â øåñòü ÷àñ‹â óòð‚.<br />
â. Ïðèíèì‚éòå ïî îäí‹é òàáëˆòêå òðè ð‚çà â ñ˜òêè.<br />
ã. Îí ñèäˆë òàì ÷àñ, à ïîò‹ì óø¸ë.<br />
ä. Ïðèåçæ‚éòå â ïµòíèöó ˜òðîì!<br />
å. Âî âðˆìÿ óð‹êà âñå ñòóäˆíòû âíèì‚òåëüíî ñë˜øàëè ïðåïîäàâ‚òåëÿ.<br />
æ.  ïµòíèöó ÿ çàíÿò‚, íî íà ñëˆäóþùåé íåäˆëå ÿ á˜äó ñâîá‹äíà.<br />
ç. Ðîæäåñòâ‹ â Ðîññ‰è íå â äåêàáðˆ, à â ÿíâàðˆ.<br />
22 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
18. Ñâîé, ñåáµ and ñàì<br />
1. Fill the gaps using ñâîé. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ìû ëƒáèì ñâîƒ ñòðàí˜.<br />
á. Îí‚ íå ä˜ìàåò î ñâî¸ì íåñ÷‚ñòèè.<br />
â. Ìû ïîéä¸ì ñâî‰ì ïóò¸ì.<br />
ã. Îí‰ æèâ˜ò â ñâî¸ì ä‹ìå.<br />
ä. Í‚äî óâàæ‚òü ñâî‰õ ðîä‰òåëåé.<br />
å. Ñ‚øà ïîòåðµë ñâîƒ ñ˜ìêó.<br />
æ. Îí áûë ãåð‹åì ñâîåã‹ âðˆìåíè.<br />
ç. Îíà ðàññê‚çûâàëà î ñâîˆé ïîˆçäêå.<br />
è. Ê‹ëå óæˆ 16 ëåò. Ó íåã‹ ñâîé ï‚ñïîðò è ñâîµ á‚íêîâñêàÿ ê‚ðòà.<br />
2. Fill the gaps using ñåáµ. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. ̉øà âåðí˜ëñÿ ê ñåሠíà ä‚÷ó.<br />
á. ß âîøë‚ â ê‹ìíàòó è çàêð›ëà çà ñîá‹é äâåðü.<br />
â. Ìîÿ ñåñòð‚ ‹÷åíü ÷‚ñòî ñì‹òðèò íà ñåáµ â çˆðêàëî.<br />
ã. Îí‚ âñ¸ âðˆìÿ ãîâîð‰ò ò‹ëüêî î ñåáˆ.<br />
ä. Êàê âû ñåáµ ÷˜âñòâóåòå?<br />
å. Îí‰ ðàçãîâ‚ðèâàþò ìˆæäó ñîá‹é.<br />
æ. Áîð‰ñ ñ÷èò‚åò ñåáµ ãˆíèåì.<br />
ç. Âû íåäîâ‹ëüíû ñîá‹é?<br />
è. Ýòîò ìóæ÷‰íà âåä¸ò ñåáµ óæ‚ñíî.<br />
ê. Âàëåíò‰íà êóï‰ëà ñåሠïîä‚ðîê.<br />
ë. ̉ëåíüêèé òû ìîé,<br />
Âîçüì‰ ìåíµ ñ ñîá‹é,<br />
Òàì, â êðàƒ äàë¸êîì,<br />
Á˜äó òåሠæåí‹é.<br />
(Íàð‹äíàÿ ïˆñíÿ)<br />
29<br />
3. Fill the gaps using ñàì. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Îí‰ ñ‚ìè íå çí‚þò ïî÷åì˜.<br />
á. Åé ñàì‹é õîòˆëîñü áû ïîˆõàòü, íî ìóæ íå õ‹÷åò.<br />
â. Ìû ñ‚ìè ðåø‰ëè ¬òó ïðîáëˆìó.<br />
ã. Îí‚ ñàì‚ ñêàç‚ëà ¬òî.<br />
ä. Äèðˆêòîð ñàì ïîäï‰øåò êîíòð‚êò.<br />
å. Åì˜ ñàìîì˜ ò‹æå á›ëî õ‹ëîäíî.<br />
æ. Àíäðˆé íå ïîíèì‚åò ñ‚ìîãî ñåáµ.<br />
ç. Ìèíèñòˆðñòâî ñàì‹ çàíèì‚åòñÿ ¬òèì âîïð‹ñîì.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 23
19. Ñ‚ìûé, òîò æå ñ‚ìûé, äðóã äð˜ãà and ‹áà<br />
1. Fill the gaps using ñ‚ìûé or òîò æå ñ‚ìûé. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Îí‰ æ‰ëè âìˆñòå äî ñ‚ìîé ñìˆðòè.<br />
á. Äàâ‚é íà÷í¸ì ñ ñ‚ìîãî íà÷‚ëà.<br />
â. Ó íàñ òå æå ñ‚ìûå èíòåðˆñû.<br />
ã. Îí‰ ïîƒò òó æå ñ‚ìóþ ïˆñíþ.<br />
ä. Ìû ðîä‰ëèñü â òîì æå ñ‚ìîì ðîää‹ìå è ó÷‰ëèñü<br />
â òîé æå ñ‚ìîé øê‹ëå.<br />
å.  øåñòí‚äöàòü ëåò ìû öåëîâ‚ëèñü ñ òåìè æå ñ‚ìûìè äˆâóøêàìè.<br />
æ. Ìû ä˜ìàëè î òåõ æå ñ‚ìûõ ïðîáëˆìàõ.<br />
ç. Îí‚ â ñ‚ìîì äˆëå íå õ‹÷åò ïîˆõàòü.<br />
è. Óêðà‰íöû ãîò‹âû ïëàò‰òü çà ãàç òó æå ñ‚ìóþ öˆíó, ÷òî è ðîññèµíå.<br />
ê. Òàêñ‰ñò äîˆõàë äî ñ‚ìîãî öˆíòðà ã‹ðîäà.<br />
2. Fill the gaps using äðóã äð˜ãà. Add prepositions from the list where needed.<br />
Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Îíè ï‰øóò äðóã äð˜ãó ê‚æäóþ íåäˆëþ.<br />
á. Àíãëè÷‚íå ñòîµò â ‹÷åðåäè äðóã çà äð˜ãîì.<br />
â. Äðóçüµ æèâ˜ò íåäàëåê‹ äðóã îè äð˜ãà.<br />
ã. Ìû ñ ñîñˆäÿìè äðóã äð˜ãó ïîìîã‚åì.<br />
ä. Ìû ïîçíàê‹ìèëèñü äðóã ñ äð˜ãîì ÷ˆðåç èíòåðíˆò.<br />
å. Ìî‰ ñûíîâüµ íå ‹÷åíü ïîõ‹æè äðóã íà äð˜ãà.<br />
æ. Áàíä‰òû ñòðåëµëè äðóã â äð˜ãà.<br />
ç. Ęìàåòå ëè âû, ÷òî ñîá‚êè ðàçãîâ‚ðèâàþò äðóã ñ äð˜ãîì?<br />
è. Îí‰ ä˜ìàþò ò‹ëüêî äðóã î äð˜ãå.<br />
ê. Îí‰ óâ‰äåëè äðóã äð˜ãà â çˆðêàëå.<br />
ë. Âû âèíîâ‚òû äðóã ïˆðåä äð˜ãîì.<br />
ì. Âàì í‚äî ïîíµòü äðóã äð˜ãà.<br />
í. Ìû íóæí› äðóã äð˜ãó.<br />
30<br />
3. Fill the gaps using ‹áà with the given words. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Îí ïðåïîäàâ‚ë â îáˆèõ øê‹ëàõ.<br />
á. Îí ï‹äíÿë ñ˜ìêó îáˆèìè ðóê‚ìè.<br />
â. Îí ïðî÷èò‚ë ‹áà ðîì‚íà.<br />
ã. Îí‚ æèë‚ â îá‹èõ ã‹ðîäàõ.<br />
ä. ͉íà èãíîð‰ðîâàëà îá‹èõ áð‚òüåâ.<br />
å. Òàì ðàñïðîñòðàíåí› ‹áå ðåë‰ãèè.<br />
24 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
20. âåñü, öˆëûé, ê‚æäûé, âñµêèé and ëþá‹é<br />
1. Fill the gaps using âåñü, öˆëûé or êàæäûé. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Îí‰ âñå ñèäˆëè âìˆñòå.<br />
á. Ê‚æäûé ñèäˆë íà ñâî¸ì ìˆñòå.<br />
â. Ñ ê‚æäîé ìèí˜òîé ïðîáëˆìà ñòàí‹âèòñÿ õ˜æå.<br />
ã. ß âñþ æèçíü æè☠çäåñü.<br />
ä. Íà ê‚æäîé ñòðàí‰öå åñòü ôîòîãð‚ôèÿ.<br />
å. Îí‰ ðàçãîâ‚ðèâàëè öˆëûé ÷àñ.<br />
æ. Áåð‰ ìåíµ, ñî âñˆìè ìî‰ìè íåäîñò‚òêàìè!<br />
ç. Ó ê‚æäîãî åñòü ñâî‰ ïðîáëˆìû.<br />
è. Îí‰ èãð‚ëè âî âñåõ êîíöˆðòíûõ ç‚ëàõ ã‹ðîäà.<br />
ê.  ê‚æäîì ä‹ìå åñòü ýëåêòð‰÷åñòâî è òåëåô‹í.<br />
ë. Ìû âñå âèíîâ‚òû.<br />
ì. Êòî ñïàñ¸ò îäí˜ æèçíü, òîò ñïàñ¸ò öˆëûé ìèð.<br />
í. Ó ê‚æäîãî ó÷åíèê‚ â í‚øåé øê‹ëå åñòü êîìïüƒòåð.<br />
31<br />
2. Fill the gaps using âñµêèé or ëþá‹é. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. ›áåðèòå ëþá˜þ èç ¬òèõ ðóá‚øåê.<br />
á. Ëþá‹å êîï‰ðîâàíèå ¬òîé êí‰ãè âîñïðåù‚åòñÿ.<br />
â. Âîçüì‰ çîíò íà âñµêèé ñëó÷àé.<br />
ã. Ëþá‹é àìåðèê‚íñêèé øê‹ëüíèê çí‚åò, ÷òî Àìˆðèêà ñïàñë‚ Åâð‹ïó îò<br />
ôàø‰ñòîâ.<br />
ä. Âû óâ‰äèòå òàê‰å äîì‚ â ëþá‹ì ã‹ðîäå Ðîññ‰è.<br />
å. Âû ì‹æåòå îòâˆòèòü íà ëþá‹é èç ¬òèõ âîïð‹ñîâ.<br />
æ. Îí ïîòåðµë âñµêèé èíòåðˆñ ê ìàòåì‚òèêå.<br />
ç. Ïèø‰òå íàì íà ëþá›å òˆìû.<br />
è. Ïðîãð‚ììà î÷èù‚åò âàø êîìïüƒòåð îò ëþá‹ãî ì˜ñîðà.<br />
ê. Ìû ãîò‹âû ãîâîð‰òü î öˆíàõ â ëþá‹é ìîìˆíò.<br />
ë. Îí óø¸ë áåç âñµêîé ïðè÷‰íû.<br />
ì. Ðàññêàæ‰ ìíå ëþá˜þ èñò‹ðèþ.<br />
í. Îí‚ ä˜ìàëà, ÷òî ñ ¬òèì í‹âûì ìîá‰ëüíèêîì ó íå¸ á˜äåò ä‹ñòóï ê èíòåðíˆòó<br />
â ëþá‹é ìîìˆíò è â ëþá‹ì ìˆñòå.<br />
î. Îäí‚êî íˆêîòîðûå ðàé‹íû äî ñèõ ïîð îñò‚ëèñü áåç âñµêîãî ñèãí‚ëà.<br />
ï. Ìû ïðîäà¸ì äâèã‚òåëè ëþá‹é ì‹ùíîñòè.<br />
ð. «Äåìîêðàò‰÷åñêèå öˆííîñòè â Áåëàð˜ñè íå ìˆíåå âûñ‹êîãî ˜ðîâíÿ, ÷åì â<br />
ëþá‹é äðóã‹é åâðîïˆéñêîé ñòðà툻.<br />
À. Ëóêàøˆíêî (ìàðò 2008)<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 25
21. ÷ò‹-òî and ÷ò‹-íèáóäü. êò‹-òî and êò‹-íèáóäü<br />
1. Fill the gaps using ÷ò‹-òî, ÷ò‹-íèáóäü, êò‹-òî or êò‹-íèáóäü<br />
Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. ×ò‹-òî íå òî.<br />
á. Çäåñü åñòü êò‹-íèáóäü? Îòêð‹éòå äâåðü, ïîæ‚ëóéñòà!<br />
â. Âû åù¸ êîã‹-íèáóäü â‰äåëè òàì, êð‹ìå Ñåð¸æè?<br />
ã. Âû ñ êˆì-íèáóäü âñòðˆòèëèñü â ëåñ˜?<br />
ä. Îí‚ êîì˜-òî ìàõí˜ëà ðóê‹é. Ýòî áûë‚ å¸ ïîäð˜ãà, ˈíà.<br />
å. Äàâ‚é ïîãîâîð‰ì î ÷¸ì-íèáóäü èíòåðˆñíîì.<br />
æ. Âû êîã‹-òî ‰ùåòå? / Âû ÷òî-òî ‰ùåòå?<br />
or possibly to suggest that the person doesn’t know who or what he/she is looking for:<br />
Âû êîã‹-íèáóäü ‰ùåòå? / Âû ÷òî-íèáóäü ‰ùåòå?<br />
ç. ×ò‹-òî å¸ áåñïîê‹èò.<br />
è. Ó êîã‹-íèáóäü åñòü ¬òà êí‰ãà?<br />
ê. Ìî㘠ëè ÿ âàì ÷ˆì-íèáóäü ïîì‹÷ü?<br />
ë. Îí‚ ÷ò‹-íèáóäü îáî ìíå ãîâîð‰ëà?<br />
ì. Ïå÷ü ãîð‰ò. Êò‹-òî óæˆ áûë çäåñü.<br />
í. Ìèí‰ñòð ï‰øåò, ÷òî í‚äî ÷ò‹-òî ìåíµòü.<br />
î. Êò‹-òî ïðèø¸ë. ß ñë›øó ã‹ëîñ.<br />
ï. Ì‹æåò áûòü åù¸ êò‹-íèáóäü ïðèä¸ò.<br />
ð. Êò‹-íèáóäü èç íàñ ä‹ëæåí óéò‰.<br />
32<br />
2. Fill the gaps using êàê‹é-òî, êàê‹é-íèáóäü, ÷ˆé-òî or ÷ˆé-íèáóäü<br />
Change the endings as necessary<br />
à.  ê‹ìíàòó âîø¸ë êàê‹é-òî ìóæ÷‰íà.<br />
á. Ì‹æåò áûòü êàê‹é-íèáóäü ïîýò íàï‰øåò ñòèõîòâîðˆíèå îá ¬òîì.<br />
â. ×òî ¬òî çà çâóê? ׈é-íèáóäü ìîá‰ëüíèê çâîí‰ò?<br />
ã. Îí æèâ¸ò â êàê‹ì-òî ì‚ëåíüêîì ã‹ðîäå â âîñò‹÷íîé Ñèá‰ðè.<br />
ä. Âû èãð‚åòå â êàê‹é-íèáóäü ãð˜ïïå?<br />
å. Îí‚ ‰ùåò êàê˜þ-íèáóäü ðàá‹òó.<br />
æ. Êàê‚ÿ-òî æˆíùèíà îñò‚âèëà äëÿ âàñ ïàêˆò.<br />
ç. Í‚äî ïîäàð‰òü åé êàê‹é-íèáóäü ïîä‚ðîê.<br />
è. ß íàøë‚ ÷ˆé-òî êîøåë¸ê íà òðîòó‚ðå.<br />
ê. Ñïîé ìíå êàê˜þ-íèáóäü ïˆñíþ.<br />
ë. Âàñ ñïð‚øèâàë êàê‹é-òî ì‚ëü÷èê.<br />
ì. Âîçüì‰ ÷üƒ-íèáóäü / êàê˜þ-íèáóäü ìàø‰íó è ïðèåçæ‚é ñêîðˆå!<br />
26 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
22. Relative pronouns. êîò‹ðûé, ÷òî and êòî<br />
1. Fill the gaps using êîò‹ðûé. Add appropriate prepositions where required.<br />
Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Îí‚ íå ÷èò‚ëà êí‰ãó, î êîò‹ðîé îí‚ ðàññê‚çûâàëà.<br />
á. ͉íà çàá›ëà î ïîäð˜ãå, êîò‹ðàÿ æäàë‚ å¸ íà ïëàòô‹ðìå.<br />
â. Ó÷èòåëµ, êîò‹ðûì ìû ïîìîã‚ëè, âåðí˜ëèñü ï‹çäíî.<br />
ã. Ìàø‰íà, íà êîò‹ðîé ìû ˆõàëè äî âîêç‚ëà, áûë‚ èíîì‚ðêà.<br />
ä. Ĉíüãè, êîò‹ðûå ëåæ‚ò â ñˆéôå, ïðèíàäëåæ‚ò Ëàð‰ñå.<br />
å. ß ïîëó÷‰ëà îòêð›òêó îò äðóçˆé, êîò‹ðûå îòäûõ‚þò íà ʉïðå.<br />
æ. Îí âåðí˜ëñÿ è âçÿë ï‚ñïîðò, áåç êîò‹ðîãî îí íå ìîã ïîëó÷‰òü áèëˆò.<br />
ç. Áëîíä‰íêà, íà êîò‹ðîé îí æåí‰ëñÿ, ðîäèë‚ñü â ̘ðìàíñêå.<br />
è. Ýòî í‹ìåð, ïî êîò‹ðîìó âû äîëæí› ïîçâîí‰òü.<br />
ê. Âîò ìàø‰íà, êîò‹ðóþ ÿ êóï‰ëà ì˜æó.<br />
ë. Ïðîãð‚ììà, êîò‹ðóþ âû èñï‹ëüçóåòå, íå ðàá‹òàåò ïîä Ìàêèíò‹ø.<br />
ì. Øê‹ëó, â êîò‹ðóþ ÿ õîä‰ëà â äˆòñòâå, óæˆ çàêð›ëè.<br />
í. ß íå óçí‚ëà ì‚ëü÷èêà, ñ êîò‹ðûì ïîçíàê‹ìèëàñü ò‹ëüêî â÷åð‚.<br />
î. Îí íå â‰äåë ñàìîë¸ò, êîò‹ðûé ëåòˆë ‹÷åíü âûñîê‹.<br />
ï. Ýòî ëƒäè, ñ êîò‹ðûì íå í‚äî èìˆòü äˆëî.<br />
ð. ß íå ñïð‚øèâàëà î ïîˆçäêàõ, êîò‹ðûå îí‚ õîòˆëà çàá›òü.<br />
ñ. Ìíå í˜æåí ÷åëîâˆê, ñ êîò‹ðûì ì‹æíî á˜äåò ïîñîâˆòîâàòüñÿ.<br />
ò. Èùóò ïèñ‚òåëè, ‰ùóò ïîë‰òèêè, è ïîëèò‹ëîãè, è àíàë‰òèêè,<br />
Èùóò óï‹ðíî, íå ì‹ãóò íàéò‰, ïóòü, ïî êîò‹ðîìó í‚äî èäò‰! (Òèì˜ð Øà‹â)<br />
33<br />
2. Fill the gaps using êîò‹ðûé, ÷òî or êòî . Add appropriate prepositions where<br />
required. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Äîì, êîò‹ðûé îí õîòˆë êóï‰òü, óæˆ ïð‹äàí.<br />
á. Âñå, êòî ˜æèíàëè â ¬òîì ðåñòîð‚íå, çàáîëˆëè â ïµòíèöó ˜òðîì.<br />
â. Ñ‚ìîå â‚æíîå, ÷òî í‚äî íå çàá›òü, ýòî ñäˆëàòü ê‹ïèþ ô‚éëà.<br />
ã.  êîò‹ðîì ÷àñ˜ íà÷èí‚åòñÿ ñïåêò‚êëü?<br />
ä. Ìû ïîëó÷‰ëè âñ¸, ÷òî õîòˆëè.<br />
å. Îí íå íàø¸ë ÷åëîâˆêà, êîò‹ðîãî èñê‚ë.<br />
æ. Çàá˜äü âñ¸, ÷åì˜ òåáµ ó÷‰ëè!<br />
ç. Ï‹ìîùü ïîë˜÷àò âñå, êòî â íåé íóæä‚åòñÿ.<br />
è. ß õî÷˜ ïîñìîòðˆòü áðîøƒðó, êîò‹ðóþ òû âçÿë.<br />
ê. ψðâûé, êòî ïðèø¸ë, áûë Èâ‚í Ïåòð‹âè÷.<br />
ë. Ĉëî â òîì, ÷òî ¬òî íå â‚øå äˆëî.<br />
ì. ß ï‹íÿë âñ¸, î ÷¸ì îí‚ ãîâîð‰ëà.<br />
í. Ðîì‚í î ìóæ÷‰íàõ, êîò‹ðûì ì‹æíî âˆðèòü.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 27
23. Negative pronouns Óïðàæíˆíèÿ<br />
34<br />
1. Fill the gaps using íèêò‹ or íè÷ò‹ Add prepositions from the list where required.<br />
Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Òû æå çí‚åøü, ÷òî ìíå íèêò‹ íå íð‚âèòñÿ, êð‹ìå Ñâåòë‚íû.<br />
á. Íè ó êîã‹ íåò æåë‚íèÿ ïîåõ‚òü íà ýêñê˜ðñèþ.<br />
â. Îí‰ íè÷åã‹ íå êóï‰ëè â ¬òîì ìàãàç‰íå.<br />
ã. ß íèêîì˜ íå çâîí‰ë.<br />
ä. Ìû íå õîò‰ì áåñïîê‹èòü âàñ íè÷ˆì.<br />
å. Îí‚ ñèä‰ò è íè î ÷¸ì íå ä˜ìàåò.<br />
æ. ß íè ñ êåì íå õî÷˜ äðóæ‰òü íà ðàá‹òå.<br />
ç. Îí‚ íè çà êîã‹ íå ãîëîñîâ‚ëà.<br />
è. Îí âåñü âˆ÷åð ñèäˆë ó á‚ðà è íè ñ êåì íå òàíöåâ‚ë.<br />
ê. Íèêò‹ íå çàá›ë ¬òîò äåíü.<br />
ë. Íè÷ò‹ åã‹ íå èíòåðåñ˜åò, êð‹ìå àìåðèê‚íñêèõ ô‰ëüìîâ.<br />
ì. Ìàð‰ÿ íè÷åã‹ íå áî‰òñÿ, êð‹ìå ãëîá‚ëüíîãî ïîòåïëˆíèÿ.<br />
í. ß íè îò êîã‹ íå ïîëó÷‚þ ï‰ñüìà.<br />
î. ß íå õî÷˜ ïå÷‚ëèòü âàñ íè÷ˆì. (À.Ñ. Ϙøêèí)<br />
ï. Íè÷åã‹ íå â‰æó,<br />
Íè÷åã‹ íå ñë›øó,<br />
Íè÷åã‹ íå çí‚þ,<br />
Íèêîì˜ íè÷åã‹ íå ñêàæ˜!<br />
(èç ïîïóëµðíîé ïˆñíè 60-ûõ ãîä‹â)<br />
2. Fill the gaps using íèêàê‹é.<br />
Add the preposition “ñ” where required. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ó íàñ íåò íèêàê‰õ ïë‚íîâ.<br />
á. Íèêàê‹å äˆëî íå ÿâëµåòñÿ òàê‰ì â‚æíûì äëÿ ñòðàí›, êàê ðåçóëüò‚òû ¬òèõ â›áîðîâ.<br />
â. Íåò íèêàê‹ãî ñîìíˆíèÿ, ÷òî îí‰ ‹áà âèíîâ‚òû.<br />
ã. Íèêàê‰å òàáëˆòêè åé íå ïîì‹ãóò.<br />
ä. Ó íàñ íåò íèêàê‰õ äˆíåã äëÿ ¬òîãî ïðîˆêòà.<br />
å. Íèêàê‚ÿ äˆâóøêà íå íð‚âèòñÿ åì˜ òàê, êàê Ìàð‰ÿ.<br />
æ. Íåò íèêàê‹é íàäˆæäû, ÷òî îí‚ âåðí¸òñÿ.<br />
ç. Îí‚ íå ñîãë‚ñíà íè íà êàê‰å óñë‹âèÿ.<br />
3. Fill the gaps using íˆêîãî, íˆ÷åãî, etc. Add the preposition “ñ” where required.<br />
Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Çäåñü òàê ñê˜÷íî! ͈ ñ êåì ïîãîâîð‰òü.<br />
á. ß ïîòåðµëà äåíüãè. Ìíå íˆ÷åì çàïëàò‰òü.<br />
â. ß âñ¸ ñäˆëàëà ñàì‚. ͈êîãî á›ëî ïîì‹÷ü.<br />
ã. Îíà íå çí‚ëà äîð‹ãó, è íˆêîãî á›ëî ñïðîñ‰òü.<br />
ä. Íå íˆðâíè÷àé! Çäåñü íˆ÷åãî áîµòüñÿ.<br />
28 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
24. Short adjectives Óïðàæíˆíèÿ<br />
1. Fill the gaps with short adjectives from the list. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ìóçˆè â Ðîññ‰è ÷‚ñòî çàêð›òû ïî ïîíåäˆëüíèêàì.<br />
á. Îí íåä‚âíî êóï‰ë öˆëûé ‹ñòðîâ. Îí ‹÷åíü áîã‚ò.<br />
â. Ìî‰ êîëëˆãè ç‚íÿòû äî äâóõ ÷àñ‹â.<br />
ã. Îí‰ ‹÷åíü ãîëîäí›. Îí‰ äâà äíÿ íè÷åã‹ íå ˆëè.<br />
ä. ‚øà á‚áóøêà åù¸ æèâ‚?<br />
å. Ìîµ ñåñòð‚ áîëüí‚ ãð‰ïïîì.<br />
æ. Åì˜ íóæí› ð˜ññêèå äˆíüãè.<br />
ç. Êâàðò‰ðà áûë‚ ïîëí‚ äðóçˆé è ð‹äñòâåííèêîâ.<br />
è. Ó÷‰òåëü áûë äîâ‹ëåí ðàá‹òîé ñâî‰õ ó÷åíèê‹â.<br />
ê. Îí‚ èçâˆñòíà ñâî‰ìè ðîì‚íàìè è ïîâåñòµìè.<br />
ë. Ýòà ðóá‚øêà òåሠâåëèê‚.<br />
35<br />
2. Fill the gaps with short adjectives formed from the long adjectives given<br />
à. Ì‚ëü÷èê âñ¸ çí‚åò. Îí ‹÷åíü ñïîñ‹áåí.<br />
á. Îí‰ âñ¸ â›ïèëè. Áóò›ëêà ïóñò‚.<br />
â. Îí æåí‚ò â òðˆòèé ðàç.<br />
ã. Áë‰çêî âðˆìÿ, êîãä‚ æèçíü á˜äåò ëˆã÷å.<br />
ä. Äà, ìû ñ â‚ìè ñîãë‚ñíû.<br />
å. Ýòà ïðîáëˆìà ‹÷åíü âàæí‚ äëÿ â‚øèõ êîëëˆã.<br />
æ. Îí‚ ‹÷åíü ïîõ‹æà íà ì‚ìó.<br />
ç. Ñàä‰òåñü, ïîæ‚ëóéñòà. Îáˆä ãîò‹â.<br />
è. Êóðˆíèå îï‚ñíî äëÿ â‚øåãî çäîð‹âüÿ.<br />
ê. ß íàäˆþñü, ÷òî îí á˜äåò ñ÷‚ñòëèâ ñ í‹âîé æåí‹é.<br />
ë. Îáëåï‰õà ïîëˆçíà äëÿ â‚øåé ê‹æè.<br />
3. Fill the gaps with short or long adjectives. The long versions are given.<br />
Use the appropriate endings.<br />
à. Ђíüøå ¬òî áûë çàêð›òûé ã‹ðîä.<br />
á. Ìîñò çàêð›ò äî êîíö‚ ã‹äà.<br />
â. Îí‚ èçâˆñòíà ñâî‰ì ÷óäˆñíûì ã‹ëîñîì.<br />
ã. Ýòî ‹÷åíü èçâˆñòíàÿ æˆíùèíà.<br />
ä. Ìîµ ìàø‰íà æ¸ëòàÿ.<br />
å. Ýòî æ¸ëòûé «Ìîñêâ‰÷».<br />
æ. Æåí‚òûå ìóæ÷‰íû èìˆþò ñâî‰ ïðîáëˆìû.<br />
ç. ĉìà è ̉øà æåí‚òû.<br />
è. Õîëîä‰ëüíèê áûë ïóñò.<br />
ê. Øêàô› ò‹æå á›ëè ïóñò›.<br />
ë. Òàì ò‹æå á›ëè ïóñò›å µùèêè.<br />
ì. ͉íà áîëüí‚. Ÿ íå á˜äåò ñåã‹äíÿ.<br />
í.  áîëüí‰öå ëˆ÷àòñÿ áîëüí›å ëƒäè.<br />
î. Âû íåäîâ‹ëüíû ìîˆé ðàá‹òîé?<br />
ï. Ïî÷åì˜ ó âàñ òàê‹é íåäîâ‹ëüíûé âèä?<br />
ð. Ýòî ‹÷åíü â‚æíàÿ èíôîðì‚öèÿ.<br />
ñ. Òàê‚ÿ èíôîðì‚öèÿ âàæí‚ äëÿ íàñ.<br />
ò. Ýòî á›ëî òàê ñê˜÷íî.<br />
ó. Îí ‹÷åíü ñê˜÷íûé ÷åëîâˆê.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 29
36<br />
25. Comparative adjectives. Short form<br />
In several cases there are<br />
two different possible<br />
1. Îòâˆòüòå íà âîïð‹ñû<br />
answers, depending on<br />
à. Ìîñêâ‚ á‹ëüøå, ÷åì Ë‹íäîí?<br />
whether you use a<br />
negative, or a comparative<br />
Äà, Ìîñêâ‚ á‹ëüøå, ÷åì Ë‹íäîí.<br />
adjective with an opposite<br />
á. Ñëîí ìˆíüøå, ÷åì áåãåì‹ò?<br />
meaning. One question is<br />
Íåò, ñëîí á‹ëüøå, ÷åì áåãåì‹ò<br />
a matter of opinion. The<br />
â. Á˜íêåð Ñò‚ëèíà áûë â äâà ð‚çà ãë˜áæå, ÷åì ó Éòëåðà?<br />
Äà, á˜íêåð Ñò‚ëèíà áûë â äâà ð‚çà ãë˜áæå, ÷åì ó Éòëåðà.<br />
answers given are those<br />
on the CD recording.<br />
ã. Иññêèé áîðù âêóñíˆå, ÷åì óêðà‰íñêèé?<br />
Äà, ð˜ññêèé áîðù âêóñíˆå, ÷åì óêðà‰íñêèé.<br />
Íåò, óêðà‰íñêèé áîðù âêóñíˆå, ÷åì ð˜ññêèé áîðù!<br />
ä. «Ë‚äà» äåøˆâëå, ÷åì «Ìåðñåäˆñ»?<br />
Äà, «Ë‚äà» äåøˆâëå, ÷åì «Ìåðñåäˆñ».<br />
å. Ñàìîë¸ò áûñòðˆå, ÷åì ï‹åçä?<br />
Äà, ñàìîë¸ò áûñòðˆå, ÷åì ï‹åçä.<br />
æ. Îçåðî Áàéê‚ë á‹ëüøå, ÷åì Êàñï‰éñêîå ì‹ðå?<br />
Íåò, ‹çåðî Áàéê‚ë ìˆíüøå, ÷åì Êàñï‰éñêîå ì‹ðå.<br />
ç. Иññêàÿ ãðàìì‚òèêà ñëîæíˆå, ÷åì àíãë‰éñêàÿ ãðàìì‚òèêà?<br />
Äà, ð˜ññêàÿ ãðàìì‚òèêà ñëîæíˆå, ÷åì àíãë‰éñêàÿ ãðàìì‚òèêà.<br />
2. Fill the gaps with short form comparatives formed from the adjectives given.<br />
à.  åã‹ í‹âîé êâàðò‰ðå âñ¸ ÷‰ùå è àêêóð‚òíåå.<br />
á.  Êðûì˜ ëˆòî òåïëˆå, ÷åì â Àíãëèè.<br />
â. Ìîñêâ‚ á‹ëüøå, ÷åì Ë‹íäîí.<br />
ã. Âñòðˆòèìñÿ â öˆíòðå. Òàì óä‹áíåå.<br />
ä. Æèçíü ñêó÷íˆå â äåðˆâíå, ÷åì â ñòîë‰öå.<br />
å. ‹ëãà øèð‹êàÿ, íî â íˆêîòîðûõ ìåñò‚õ ˈíà ø‰ðå.<br />
æ. Äà, ó íàñ åñòü ïðîáëˆìû, íî â äðóã‹é øê‹ëå äèñöèïë‰íà åù¸ õ˜æå.<br />
ç. Àïåëüñ‰í ñë‚ùå, ÷åì ëèì‹í.<br />
è. ‚øà ñåã‹äíÿøíÿÿ çàä‚÷à ñëîæíˆå, ÷åì â÷åð‚øíÿÿ.<br />
3. Fill the gaps with short form comparatives formed from the adjectives given.<br />
à. Öˆíû â ìîñê‹âñêèõ ðåñòîð‚íàõ â òðè ð‚çà äîð‹æå, ÷åì â ïðîâ‰íöèè.<br />
á. Æèçíü â ïðîâ‰íöèè ãîð‚çäî äåøˆâëå.<br />
â. Ãîâîð‰òå ãð‹ì÷å, ÿ íå ñë›øó.<br />
ã. ×èò‚éòå ä‚ëüøå. Åã‹ âòîð‚ÿ ñòàòüµ èíòåðˆñíåå.<br />
ä.  Ìîñê∠ì‰íóñ ïÿòü, íî â ßê˜òñêå ãîð‚çäî õîëîäíˆå.<br />
å. Âîçüì‰ ¬òó ñ˜ìêó. Îí‚ òÿæåëˆå.<br />
æ. Òåïˆðü âñòðˆ÷è ñ ìåäâˆäåì ðˆæå, ÷åì ïÿòüäåñµò ëåò íàç‚ä.<br />
ç. Îí‚ í‰æå ñåñòð› íà ïÿòü ñàíòèìˆòðîâ.<br />
è. ×åì ãë˜áæå êîë‹äåö, òåì ÷‰ùå âîä‚!<br />
30 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
26. Comparative adjectives. Long form<br />
1. Fill the gaps with long form comparatives formed from the adjectives given.<br />
Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. ß õî÷˜ êóï‰òü âàì á‹ëåå äîðîã‹é ïîä‚ðîê.<br />
á. Îí‚ õîòˆëà òàíöåâ‚òü ò‹ëüêî ñ á‹ëåå âûñ‹êèì èç äâóõ ìàòð‹ñîâ.<br />
â. ß õî÷˜ âñòðˆòèòüñÿ ñ á‹ëåå êóëüò˜ðíûìè ëþäüì‰.<br />
ã. Èç äâóõ ïðåïîäàâ‚òåëåé îí‚ ïðåäïî÷èò‚ëà á‹ëåå ñòð‹ãîãî.<br />
ä. Í‚äî èãð‚òü ¬òîò âàëüñ á‹ëåå á›ñòðûì òˆìïîì.<br />
å. Îïµòü ìàø‰íà îï‚çäûâàåò! Í‚äî íàéò‰ á‹ëåå íàä¸æíîãî øîô¸ðà.<br />
æ. Ìíå 48 ëåò. À ¬òî ìîé ñò‚ðøèé áðàò Àë¸øà. Îí óæˆ íà ïˆíñèè.<br />
ç. Íà í‚øåì ñ‚éòå âû ì‹æåòå íàéò‰ á‹ëåå ïîäð‹áíóþ èíôîðì‚öèþ.<br />
37<br />
2. Fill the gaps with long form comparatives formed from the adjectives given.<br />
Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Äàâ‚é íàï‰øåì á‹ëåå èíòåðˆñíóþ ðåêë‚ìó.<br />
á. Îí‚ ìå÷ò‚åò î á‹ëåå êîìôîðò‚áåëüíîé æ‰çíè.<br />
â. Ìîé îòˆö èìˆåò á‹ëåå â‚æíóþ ðàá‹òó, ÷åì òâîé.<br />
ã. Îí‰ íèêîãä‚ íˆ áûëè â á‹ëåå ýêçîò‰÷åñêîì ìˆñòå.<br />
ä. Âû íå ìîãë‰ áû ïðèéò‰ â á‹ëåå óä‹áíûé ìîìˆíò?<br />
å. Ó òåáµ ñåé÷‚ñ á‹ëåå êîð‹òêèå â‹ëîñû, ÷åì íà ¬òîé ôîòîãð‚ôèè.<br />
æ. Ýêîí‹ìèêà ñòðàä‚åò. Í‚äî ãîò‹âèòüñÿ ê õ˜äøèì âðåìåí‚ì.<br />
3. Fill the gaps with comparatives or reverse comparatives formed<br />
from the adjectives given. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ï‹ñëå Ýâåðˆñòà, îí ìîã ïîäíèì‚òüñÿ ò‹ëüêî íà ìˆíåå âûñ‹êèå ã‹ðû.<br />
á. Íî îí ïîäíµëñÿ íà á‹ëåå îï‚ñíûå ã‹ðû, ÷åì Ýâåðˆñò.<br />
â. ß íå ïîíèì‚þ ¬òó çàä‚÷ó. Âû íå ìîãë‰ áû äàòü ìíå ÷ò‹-òî ìˆíåå ñë‹æíîå?<br />
ã. Ýòî òàê ñê˜÷íî! ß íèêîãä‚ íå ÷èò‚ë èíòåðˆñíóþ êí‰ãó.<br />
ä. Ðåñòîð‚í íå ‹÷åíü õîð‹øèé. Äàâ‚é íàéä¸ì ðîìàíò‰÷íîå ìˆñòî.<br />
å. Ýòîò í‹ìåð äåøˆâëå, ïîòîì˜ ÷òî âèä èç ‹êîí ìˆíåå êðàñ‰âûé.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 31
27. Superlative adjectives<br />
38<br />
1. Fill the gaps with superlative adjectives formed from ñ‚ìûé and the adjectives<br />
given. Change the endings as necessary.<br />
à. Îí ïîêóï‚åò åé ò‹ëüêî ñ‚ìûå äîðîã‰å âˆùè.<br />
á. Âåñí‚ – ¬òî ñ‚ìîå îï‚ñíîå âðˆìÿ äëÿ ãð‰ïïà.<br />
â. Èç âñåõ áîðùˆé, âàø áîðù ñ‚ìûé âê˜ñíûé.<br />
ã.  ðåêë‚ìå íàï‰ñàíî, ÷òî ìàø‰íû «Ôîëüêñâ‚ãåí» ñ‚ìûå íàä¸æíûå.<br />
ä. Ìû á˜äåì ïèñ‚òü ò‹ëüêî ñ‚ìûì â‚æíûì ë‰öàì.<br />
å. Ó íåã‹ áûë‚ ðåïóò‚öèÿ ñ‚ìîãî æåñò‹êîãî îôèöˆðà â ‚ðìèè.<br />
æ. Îí æèâ¸ò â ñ‚ìîì õîë‹äíîì ðàé‹íå Ñèá‰ðè.<br />
ç. ĵäÿ Ê‹ëÿ ðàññê‚çûâàåò ñ‚ìûå ñìåøí›å àíåêä‹òû.<br />
2. Fill the gaps with superlative adjectives formed from ñ‚ìûé and the adjectives<br />
given. Change the endings as necessary.<br />
à. Ïò‰öà ñèä‰ò íà äˆðåâå, íà ñ‚ìîé âûñ‹êîé âˆòêå.<br />
á. Îí âñåãä‚ í‹ñèò ñ‚ìóþ ì‹äíóþ îäˆæäó.<br />
â. Îí íàø¸ë ñ‚ìóþ ýôôåêò‰âíóþ ìåò‹äèêó ïðåïîäàâ‚íèÿ ÿçûê‹â.<br />
ã. ̉øà âñ¸ ïîíèì‚åò. Îí ñ‚ìûé ˜ìíûé ì‚ëü÷èê â êë‚ññå.<br />
ä. Çà÷ˆì òû êóï‰ë ñ‚ìóþ àãðåññ‰âíóþ ñîá‚êó íà ð›íêå?<br />
å. Ó ñ‚ìûõ õ‰òðûõ îáåçüµí – ñ‚ìûé áîëüø‹é ìîçã.<br />
æ. Ìí‹ãî ð˜ññêèõ íàõ‹äÿòñÿ â ñï‰ñêå ñ‚ìûõ áîã‚òûõ ëþäˆé â ì‰ðå.<br />
3. Fill the gaps with ë˜÷øèé or õ˜äøèé. Change the endings as necessary.<br />
à. Ò‹ëüêî â õ˜äøåì ñë˜÷àå ìû ïåðåˆäåì ê ðîä‰òåëÿì.<br />
á. Ìû íå óâˆðåíû, ÷òî ë˜÷øàÿ ïˆñíÿ â›èãðàåò íà ê‹íêóðñå «Åâðîâ‰äåíèå».<br />
â. ß ðåêîìåíä˜þ «ßãó‚ð». Äëÿ ìåíµ îíà ñ‚ìàÿ ë˜÷øàÿ ìàø‰íà â ì‰ðå.<br />
ã. Áðèò‚íñêàÿ ãàçˆòà «The Sun» ï‰øåò, ÷òî ð˜ññêèå, à íå íˆìöû, ñ‚ìûå<br />
õ˜äøèå òóð‰ñòû!<br />
ä. ˘÷øåå â ÖÓÌå!<br />
32 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
28/9. Adverbs<br />
1. Choose adverbs to fill the gaps<br />
à. Ìèëèöèîíˆð áåæ‚ë ‹÷åíü ìˆäëåííî.<br />
á. Îí‚ ïðåêð‚ñíî ïîíèì‚åò, ÷ò‹ í‚äî ñäˆëàòü.<br />
â. ˘÷øå ïðèˆõàòü ð‚íî, ÷åì ï‹çäíî.<br />
ã. Ìû äàâí‹ çíàê‹ìû.<br />
ä. Îí êðˆïêî äˆðæèò å¸ ç‚ ðóêó.<br />
å. Òð˜äíî ïîíµòü, çà÷ˆì îí ñêàç‚ë ¬òî.<br />
æ. Ðîì‚í Îëˆãà Òàò‚ð÷åíêîâà “Âûñîê‹ íàä ˜ðîâíåì<br />
ì‹ðÿ” ðàññê‚çûâàåò îá Àôã‚íñêîé âîéíˆ.<br />
ç. È êòî-òî ‹÷åíü áë‰çêèé òåሠòèõ‹íüêî ñê‚æåò:<br />
Êàê çä‹ðîâî, ÷òî âñå ìû çäåñü ñåã‹äíÿ ñîáðàë‰ñü! (Èç ïˆñíè Î. Ìèòµåâà)<br />
2. Choose adverbs to fill the gaps<br />
à. Ìíå íð‚âèòñÿ òâîµ êâàðò‰ðà. Çäåñü ‹÷åíü óä‹áíî.<br />
á. Êàê ò‹ëüêî îí àäàïò‰ðóåòñÿ ôèç‰÷åñêè, îí ñò‚íåò îòë‰÷íûì èãðîê‹ì.<br />
â. ß íå ìî㘠îñòàíîâ‰òüñÿ â ýòîé ãîñò‰íèöå. Òàì ñë‰øêîì ä‹ðîãî.<br />
ã. Ìû îïîçä‚åì. Òû èä¸øü ñë‰øêîì ìˆäëåííî.<br />
ä. ß áîƒñü. Ìû ˆäåì ñë‰øêîì á›ñòðî.<br />
å. ß íå ñë›øó. Âû ïî¸òå ñë‰øêîì ò‰õî.<br />
æ. ß íå ïîíèì‚þ. Ýòî ñë‰øêîì ñë‹æíî.<br />
ç. Áîëüí‹é ñåáµ ÷˜âñòâóåò ‹÷åíü ïë‹õî.<br />
è. Îí‚ óìîëµþùå ñìîòðˆëà åì˜ â ãëàç‚.<br />
ê. Âîð‹òà îòêðûâ‚þòñÿ àâòîìàò‰÷åñêè!<br />
3. Give the opposite answer<br />
Îí èãð‚åò ãð‹ìêî?<br />
Íåò, îí èãð‚åò ò‰õî.<br />
à. Îí áˆãàåò á›ñòðî? Íåò, îí áˆãàåò ìˆäëåííî.<br />
á. Îí ñë˜øàåò âíèì‚òåëüíî? Íåò, îí ñë˜øàåò íåâíèì‚òåëüíî.<br />
â. Îí õîðîø‹ ãîò‹âèò? Íåò, îí ïë‹õî ãîò‹âèò.<br />
ã. Òàì òð˜äíî æèòü? Íåò, òàì ëåãê‹ æèòü<br />
ä. Îí â›ãëÿäèò êðàñ‰âî? Íåò, îí â›ãëÿäèò íåêðàñ‰âî.<br />
å. Â ê‹ìíàòå òåïë‹? Íåò, â ê‹ìíàòå õ‹ëîäíî.<br />
æ. Ýòî áë‰çêî? Íåò, ¬òî äàëåê‹.<br />
ç.  ä‹ìå ÷‰ñòî? Íåò, â ä‹ìå ãðµçíî.<br />
è. Îí ÷‚ñòî õ‹äèò íà ñòàäè‹í? Íåò, îí ðˆäêî õ‹äèò íà ñòàäè‹í.<br />
ê. Ñàìîë¸ò ëåò‰ò í‰çêî? Íåò, ñàìîë¸ò ëåò‰ò âûñîê‹.<br />
39<br />
4. Choose adverbs to fill the gaps. Some are used more than once<br />
à. Ýòî âèí‹ ìíå íð‚âèòñÿ. Îí‹ íåìí‹æêî ñë‚ùå.<br />
á. ß ‹÷åíü ì‚ëî çí‚þ î ñåìüˆ ñâîˆé ñåñòð›. Ýòî òàê ïë‹õî.<br />
â. Òàì ò‹ëüêî îä‰í îôèöˆð ïðîâåðµåò ïàñïîðò‚. Î÷åðåäü ˆëå äâ‰æåòñÿ.<br />
ã. Íèê‰òà ÷èò‚åò êí‰ãó îá ýêîí‹ìèêå, íî ì‚ëî â íåé ïîíèì‚åò.<br />
ä. Ìû íå îïîçä‚åì. Òû ˆäåøü äîñò‚òî÷íî á›ñòðî.<br />
æ. Âîë‹äÿ ñë‰øêîì ìí‹ãî ïü¸ò.<br />
ç. Ìèõà‰ë íåìí‹æêî â ø‹êå.<br />
è. Íåâîçì‹æíî áûòü «íåìí‹æêî áåðˆìåííîé»!<br />
ê. Ýòà ƒáêà íåìí‹æêî êîð‹÷å.<br />
ë. Ïðîõ‹ä êàòåãîð‰÷åñêè çàïðåù¸í.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 33
41 1. Choose adverbs to fill the gaps<br />
5. Poems and songs. Fill in the adverbs<br />
à. Ì‚ìà, ÿ ë¸ò÷èêà ëþáëƒ!<br />
Ì‚ìà, ÿ ë¸ò÷èêà ëþáëƒ!<br />
˸ò÷èê âûñîê‹ ëåò‚åò, ìí‹ãî äˆíåã ïîëó÷‚åò!<br />
Ì‚ìà, ÿ ë¸ò÷èêà ëþáëƒ!<br />
(“ψñíÿ Ęíè èç Îäˆññû”)<br />
á. È ñê˜÷íî è ãð˜ñòíî, è íˆêîìó ð˜êó ïîä‚òü<br />
 ìèí˜òó äóøˆâíîé íåâçã‹äû.<br />
Æåëàíüÿ! ... ×òî ï‹ëüçû íàïð‚ñíî è âˆ÷íî æåë‚òü?<br />
(Ì.Þ. ˈðìîíòîâ. Îòð›âîê)<br />
â. Îäíîçâ˜÷íî ãðåì‰ò êîëîê‹ëü÷èê,<br />
È äîð‹ãà ïûë‰òñÿ ñëåãê‚.<br />
È óí›ëî ïî ð‹âíîìó ï‹ëþ<br />
Ðàçëèâ‚åòñÿ ïåñíü ÿìùèê‚.<br />
(Èç ïîïóëµðíîé ïˆñíè. Ñëîâ‚ È. Ìàêàð‹âà)<br />
6. Work out the hidden letter in the photo!<br />
à. Îãíåîï‚ñíî!<br />
(Danger of fire!)<br />
30. Adverbs of time<br />
à. – Òû ä˜ìàåøü, ÷òî ï‹åçä ïð‰ä¸ò â‹âðåìÿ?<br />
– Íåò, îí ‹÷åíü ÷‚ñòî îï‚çäûâàåò.<br />
á. – Êàê äàâí‹ òû ˜÷èøüñÿ â ¬òîé øê‹ëå?<br />
– Ò‹ëüêî íåäˆëþ. Ìû ïåðåˆõàëè ñþä‚ ñîâñˆì íåä‚âíî.<br />
â. – Íàì í‚äî âñòàòü ð‚íüøå, ÷åì îá›÷íî, ÷ò‹áû óñïˆòü íà ï‹åçä.<br />
– Êàê ð‚íî í‚äî á˜äåò âñòàòü?<br />
– Íå ï‹çæå øåñò‰ ÷àñ‹â óòð‚.<br />
2. Choose adverbs to fill the gaps<br />
à. Ñð‚çó ï‹ñëå ïåðåñòð‹éêè á›ëî ñë‹æíî. Òîãä‚ ìû æ‰ëè<br />
â Ñàð‚òîâå. À ïîò‹ì ìû ïåðåˆõàëè â Ìîñêâ˜, è òåïˆðü æèâ¸ì<br />
â íîðì‚ëüíîé êâàðò‰ðå.<br />
á. ß âñòàƒ ˜òðîì â øåñòü ÷àñ‹â. Äí¸ì ÿ ðàá‹òàþ.<br />
ˆ÷åðîì ÿ ñìîòðƒ òåëåâ‰çîð è í‹÷üþ ÿ ñïëþ.<br />
3. Choose adverbs to fill the gaps. Some are used more than once<br />
à. Íå îòêë‚äûâàé íà ç‚âòðà òî, ÷òî ì‹æíî ñäˆëàòü ñåã‹äíÿ!<br />
á. Êòî ð‚íî ëîæ‰òñÿ è ð‚íî âñòà¸ò, òîò ˜ìíî, áîã‚òî, çäîð‹âî æèâ¸ò!<br />
â. ˘÷øå ï‹çäíî, ÷åì íèêîãä‚!<br />
ã. Êòî áë‰çêî îò ðàá‹òû æèâ¸ò, òîò ï‹çäíî âñòà¸ò.<br />
ä. Ãäå òû áûë â÷åð‚?<br />
å. Ï‹çäíî ïîäíµëñÿ – äåíü ïîòåðµë!<br />
æ. Ï‹çäíî ïèòü Áîðæ‹ìè, åñëè ï‹÷êè îòêàç‚ëè!<br />
34 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
31. Adverbs with the prefix ïî-<br />
1. Choose adverbs to fill the gaps<br />
à. Äàò÷‚íå ãîâîðµò ïî-ä‚òñêè.<br />
á. Îí ˆäåò â Ïàð‰æ, íî îí íå ïîíèì‚åò ïî-ôðàíö˜çñêè.<br />
â.  Àâñòð‚ëèè ãîâîðµò ïî-àíãë‰éñêè.<br />
ã.  á›âøèõ ðåñï˜áëèêàõ ÑÑÑÐ ñò‚ðøåå ïîêîëˆíèå ïîíèì‚åò<br />
è ãîâîð‰ò ïî-ð˜ññêè.<br />
ä.  Àâñòðèè ãîâîðµò ïî-íåìˆöêè.<br />
å.  Óêðà‰íå ãîâîðµò ïî-óêðà‰íñêè è ïî-ð˜ññêè.<br />
æ.  Ոëüñèíêè ãîâîðµò ïî-ô‰íñêè, íî â íˆêîòîðûõ äðóã‰õ ðàé‹íàõ<br />
Ôèíëµíäèè æ‰òåëè ãîâîðµò ïî-øâˆäñêè.<br />
ç.  Ïåð˜ ãîâîðµò ïî-èñï‚íñêè, à â Áðàç‰ëèè – ïî-ïîðòóã‚ëüñêè.<br />
è. Ëàò›íü èç ì‹äû â›øëà í›íå:<br />
Òàê, ˆñëè ïð‚âäó âàì ñêàç‚òü,<br />
Îí çíàë äîâ‹ëüíî ïî-ëàò›íè,<br />
×òîá ýïèãð‚ôû ðàçáèð‚òü, ...<br />
À.Ñ. Ϙøêèí. «Åâãˆíèé Îíˆãèí». Îòð›âîê<br />
2. Ask questions, as in the example<br />
͉íà áûë‚ â Ë‹íäîíå.<br />
Îí‚ ãîâîð‰ò ïî-àíãë‰éñêè?<br />
à. Ï‚âåë áûë â Ìàäð‰äå. Îí ãîâîð‰ò ïî-èñï‚íñêè?<br />
á. Âëàä‰ìèð áûë â Ñòîêã‹ëüìå. Îí ãîâîð‰ò ïî-øâˆäñêè?<br />
â. Àííà áûë‚ â Ò‹êèî. Îí‚ ãîâîð‰ò ïî-ÿï‹íñêè?<br />
ã. Ñåðãˆé è Îëÿ á›ëè â Îñëî. Îí‰ ãîâîðµò ïî-íîðâåæñêè?<br />
ä. Àíäðˆé ðàá‹òàåò â ʉåâå. Îí ãîâîð‰ò ïî-óêðà‰íñêè?<br />
å. ˆðà ðîäèë‚ñü â ‰ëüíþñå. Îí‚ ãîâîð‰ò ïî-ëèò‹âñêè?<br />
æ. ͉íà ïîˆõàëà â Ïåê‰í. Îí‚ ãîâîð‰ò ïî-êèò‚éñêè?<br />
ç. ̉øà æèâ¸ò â Áåðë‰íå. Îí ãîâîð‰ò ïî-íåìåöêè?<br />
42<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 35
32. Adverbs of position and direction<br />
43<br />
33. More adverbs (1)<br />
1. Choose adverbs to fill the gaps<br />
à. Ó ìåíµ ä‹ìà äâà êîò‚.<br />
á. ͉íà ñïóñê‚ëàñü âíèç ïî ëˆñòíèöå.<br />
â. Ñëˆâà îò öˆðêâè åñòü ìàãàç‰í.<br />
ã. Èä‰òå ïðµìî, ïîò‹ì íàëˆâî.<br />
ä. Îí îñòàíîâ‰ëñÿ, ïîò‹ì ïîø¸ë íàç‚ä.<br />
å. Èä‰òå ñþä‚!<br />
æ. Ýìèãð‚íò æèâ¸ò çà ãðàí‰öåé.<br />
ç. Âëàäèâîñò‹ê íàõ‹äèòñÿ äàëåê‹ îò Ìîñêâ›.<br />
è. Âïåðåä‰ ñòî‰ò ñîëä‚ò ñ êð‚ñíûì ôë‚ãîì.<br />
ê. Âïåð¸ä! Çà Ћäèíó!<br />
2. Choose adverbs to fill the gaps<br />
à. Ñïð‚âà îò òå‚òðà ñòî‰ò ï‚ìÿòíèê.<br />
á. Ï‚âåë óæå äâà ã‹äà ðàá‹òàåò çà ãðàí‰öåé.<br />
â. Ó íåã‹ â ä‹ìå äâà òóàëˆòà - îä‰í âíèç˜ è îä‰í íàâåðõ˜.<br />
ã. Àâò‹áóñ ïîâåðí˜ë íàïð‚âî.<br />
ä. Ñòàäè‹í íå ‹÷åíü äàëåê‹ îò öˆíòðà.<br />
å. Àëåêñˆé ïîø¸ë â òå‚òð, à åã‹ æåí‚ îñò‚ëàñü ä‹ìà.<br />
æ. Âåçäˆ â ã‹ðîäå á›ëî ãðµçíî.<br />
ç. Îòñƒäà äî á‚íêà ò‹ëüêî äâˆñòè ìˆòðîâ.<br />
è. Êîãä‚ îí óñë›øàë çâîí‹ê, îí ïîáåæ‚ë âíèç è îòêð›ë äâåðü.<br />
1. Choose adverbs to fill the gaps. Some will be used more than once<br />
à. Äâ‚æäû äâà - ÷åò›ðå.<br />
á. Òð‰æäû äâà - øåñòü.<br />
â. Èâ‚í è Ëþäì‰ëà ïüþò ÷àé âäâî¸ì.<br />
ã. ß íå ïîéä˜. Âî-ïˆðâûõ, ÿ íå õî÷˜ èäò‰, è âî-âòîð›õ ó ìåíµ<br />
íåò áèëˆòà.<br />
ä. Âû õîò‰òå ïîñìîòðˆòü ôèëüì î Äæˆéìñå Á‹íäå «Æèâ¸øü ò‹ëüêî äâ‚æäû »?<br />
å. Íåò, ÿ õî÷˜ ïîñìîòðˆòü «Îäí‚æäû â Àìˆðèêå».<br />
æ.  õîë‹äíóþ ïîã‹äó âäâî¸ì òåïëˆå.<br />
ç. ß âñòðˆòèë åã‹ îäí‚æäû â àâò‹áóñå.<br />
è. Ò‹ëüêî ð˜ññêèé ì‹æåò äâ‚æäû íàñòóï‰òü íà òå æå ãð‚áëè.<br />
2. Choose adverbs to fill the gaps<br />
à. ß äàâí‹ åã‹ íå â‰äåëà. Îí óæˆ íå ðàá‹òàåò çäåñü.<br />
á. Àâòîð íè ð‚çó íˆ áûë â Èðê˜òñêå.<br />
â. ß òàì áûë‚ íå ðàç. ß õîðîø‹ çí‚þ äîð‹ãó.<br />
ã. Îïµòü îí‰ ïîê‚çûâàþò ¬òó óæ‚ñíóþ ðåêë‚ìó!<br />
ä. Íèêòî íå îòâˆòèë. ß åù¸ ðàç ïîçâîíƒ.<br />
36 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
34. More adverbs (2)<br />
1. Fill the gaps with êàê or òàê<br />
à. Êàê âû çí‚åòå, îí ñåðü¸çíî á‹ëåí.<br />
á. ß íå çí‚ëà, ÷òî âû òàê õîðîø‹ ãîâîð‰òå ïî-ð˜ññêè.<br />
â. Îí‚ òàê ì‚ëî ïîíèì‚åò â ïîë‰òèêå.<br />
ã. Êàê õîðîø‹, ÷òî âû ïîçâîí‰ëè!<br />
ä. ß íå óìˆþ ðèñîâ‚òü, êàê îí.<br />
å. Êàê ï‰øåòñÿ â‚øà ôàì‰ëèÿ?<br />
æ. ß çàìˆòèëà, êàê îí‚ óëûá‚åòñÿ.<br />
ç. Ìàð‰ÿ êðè÷‚ëà òàê ãð‹ìêî, ÷òî ïðèáåæ‚ëè ñîñˆäè.<br />
è. Ýòî á›ëî òàê ãë˜ïî!<br />
ê. Êàê âû ä˜ìàåòå, îí ïðàâ?<br />
ë. Îí‚ òàê è ãîâîð‰ëà!<br />
ì. Òàì íå òàê òåïë‹, êàê â Êðûì˜.<br />
í. Êàê âàø äµäÿ?<br />
î. Êàê äàëåê‹ äî ä‹ìà?<br />
ï. Ýòî íå òàê äàëåê‹!<br />
ð. Øàðì‚íêà-øàðëàò‚íêà, êàê ñë‚äêî òû ïî¸øü!<br />
ñ. Øîêîë‚ä òàê æå âðˆäåí, êàê àëêîã‹ëü è ñèãàðˆòû!<br />
(Ìåäèöèíñêàÿ èíôîðìàöèîííàÿ ñåòü - 19.03.09)<br />
ò. Áîð‰ñ íå èãð‚åò òàê õîðîø‹, êàê Àíäðˆé.<br />
ó.  ¬òîì ãîä˜ á›ëî òàê æå õ‹ëîäíî â ì‚ðòå, êàê è â ÿíâàðˆ.<br />
ô. Íà Ç‚ïàäå ðàññê‚çû ׈õîâà íå òàê èçâˆñòíû, êàê åã‹ ïüˆñû.<br />
2. Fill the gaps with ò‹æå or ò‚êæå<br />
à. Ìèí‰ñòð âñòðˆòèòñÿ ñ äèðˆêòîðîì øê‹ëû, à ò‚êæå ñ íˆêîòîðûìè ó÷èòåëµìè.<br />
á. – Íèêîëàé ïîéä¸ò íà êîíöˆðò.<br />
– Õîðîø‹. À Ò‚íÿ?<br />
– Îí‚ ò‹æå ïîéä¸ò.<br />
â. – Íèê‰òà á‹ëåí.<br />
– Êàê æàëü! À Ìàð‰ÿ?<br />
– Îí‚ ò‹æå áîëüí‚.<br />
ã. Íàøà ô‰ðìà ïðîäà¸ò êí‰ãè, à ò‚êæå ãàçˆòû è æóðí‚ëû.<br />
ä. Íàø êîíêóðˆíò ò‹æå ïðîäà¸ò êí‰ãè.<br />
å. Ýòî ñòàòüµ èíòåðˆñíàÿ, íî ïîñìîòð‰òå ò‚êæå ñòàòüƒ Àíäðˆÿ Ïîï‹âà.<br />
æ. ͉íà ïîíèì‚åò ïðîáëˆìó. Ìàð‰íà ò‹æå ïîíèì‚åò ïðîáëˆìó.<br />
ç. ͉íà ïîíèì‚åò ïðîáëˆìó. Îí‚ ò‚êæå ïîíèì‚åò, ÷òî í‚äî ÷òî-òî ñäˆëàòü.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 37
35. More adverbs (3)<br />
1. Fill the gaps with ïî÷åì˜ or çà÷ˆì.<br />
à. Çà÷ˆì / Ïî÷åì˜ òû ïîçâîí‰ëà â ìèë‰öèþ?<br />
á. Ïî÷åì˜ ¬òî òàê?<br />
â. Ïî÷åì˜ åã‹ êí‰ãà ï‹ëüçóåòñÿ óñïˆõîì?<br />
ã. Çà÷ˆì / Ïî÷åì˜ óá‰ëè ¬òîãî áˆäíîãî æóðíàë‰ñòà?<br />
ä. Ïî÷åì˜ âû íå îòâå÷‚åòå íà ìî‰ âîïð‹ñû?<br />
å. Çà÷ˆì / Ïî÷åì˜ âû êóï‰ëè òàê˜þ ïëîõ˜þ ìàø‰íó?<br />
æ. Ïî÷åì˜ âàø áðàò íå ïîëó÷‰ë â‰çû?<br />
ç. Ïî÷åì˜ ¬òî ïð‹òèâ çàê‹íà?<br />
è. Çà÷ˆì / Ïî÷åì˜ ÿ æè☠íà ¬òîé çåìëˆ?<br />
ê. – Ïî÷åì˜ â‚øè áëèí› òàê‰å âê˜ñíûå?<br />
– Ïðèãîò‹âëåíî ñ äóø‹é!<br />
In three, perhaps four of these examples, either ïî÷åì˜ or çà÷ˆì may be used, depending on the<br />
intention of the speaker. Which are these? - à, ã, å, è.<br />
45<br />
2. Choose adverbs to fill the gaps. Some are used more than once.<br />
à. Æèçíü êîãä‚-íèá˜äü ñò‚íåò ë˜÷øå!<br />
á. Îí æèâ¸ò ãäå-òî íà Ä‚ëüíåì шâåðå.<br />
â. – Ãäå Ì‚øà?<br />
– ß íå çí‚þ. Îí‚ êóä‚-òî ïîˆõàëà íà àâò‹áóñå.<br />
ã. Ìû ñäˆëàåì ¬òî êîãä‚-íèá˜äü.<br />
ä. Äíî ׸ðíîãî ì‹ðÿ êîãä‚-òî á›ëî ñ˜øåé.<br />
å. Êòî-íèá˜äü êîãä‚-íèá˜äü â‰äåë ñíˆæíîãî ÷åëîâˆêà?<br />
æ. ß ä˜ìàþ, ÷òî ¬òà öˆðêîâü ãäå-òî â Ìîñêâˆ.<br />
ç. Ìû ïîçíàê‹ìèëèñü, êîãä‚ íàì á›ëî ãäå-òî äâ‚äöàòü ëåò.<br />
è. Ęìàåòå ëè âû, ÷òî Óêðà‰íà êîãä‚-íèá˜äü âîéä¸ò â Åâðîñîƒç?<br />
ê. Òû âñåãä‚ ãäå-òî ðµäîì.<br />
ë. Ýòîò äîì êîãä‚-íèá˜äü á˜äåò ìî‰ì.<br />
ì. Îí êîãä‚-òî áûë ìî‰ì ë˜÷øèì äð˜ãîì.<br />
í. Òû õ‹÷åøü ïîˆõàòü êóä‚-íèá˜äü ¬òèì ëˆòîì?<br />
î. Íà Âåðíèñ‚æå ê‚ê-òî ðàç<br />
Ñëó÷‚éíî âñòðˆòèëà ÿ âàñ.<br />
Íî âû âäâî¸ì, âû íå ñî ìí‹þ!<br />
(Ñëîâ‚ èçâˆñòíîé ïˆñíè Ð. Ï‚óëñà)<br />
38 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
36. Negative adverbs<br />
1. Choose negative adverbs to fill the gaps. Some are used more than once<br />
à. Ì‚øà íèêîãä‚ íå ñò‚íåò àêòð‰ñîé.<br />
á. Âàðâ‚ðà ñèäˆëà ä‹ìà è íèêóä‚ íå õîä‰ëà.<br />
â. ß íèãäˆ íå â‰æó ñâî‰ î÷ê‰.<br />
ã. Êàê‹é ó íåã‹ àêöˆíò? ß íèê‚ê íå ìî㘠ïîíµòü åã‹<br />
ä. Îí ïîÿâ‰ëñÿ íèîòê˜äà.<br />
å. ß íèê‚ê íå ìî㘠îáúÿñí‰òü å¸ ïîâåäˆíèå.<br />
æ. Îí‚ íèêîãä‚ íå áûë‚ â Ïàð‰æå.<br />
ç. Õî÷˜ êóï‰òü áë˜çêó, íî ìîåã‹ ðàçìˆðà íèãäˆ íåò.<br />
è. Òû ÷èò‚ë êí‰ãó îá Àáðàì‹âè÷å «Ìèëëèàðäˆð íèîòê˜äà»?<br />
46<br />
2. Choose negative adverbs to fill the gaps. Some are used more than once<br />
à. Ìîµ ê‹ìíàòà ‹÷åíü ì‚ëåíüêàÿ. Òàì íˆãäå äˆëàòü çàðµäêó.<br />
á. Ó÷‰òåëüíèöà áûë‚ çàíÿò‚. Åé íˆêîãäà á›ëî ãîò‹âèòüñÿ ê óð‹êó.<br />
â. Âû ñìîòðˆëè àìåðèê‚íñêèé ôèëüì «Íˆêóäà áåæ‚òü»?<br />
ã. Òû ñàì âèíîâ‚ò. ͈çà÷åì æ‚ëîâàòüñÿ.<br />
ä. Ò‰øå! ͈çà÷åì òàê êðè÷‚òü!<br />
å. Èç-çà ôèí‚íñîâîãî êð‰çèñà ä‰ëåðàì íˆêóäà äåâ‚òü ìàø‰íû.<br />
æ.  Ñìîëˆíñêå ñê‹ðî á˜äåò íˆãäå ïîõîðîí‰òü óìˆðøèõ!<br />
Ñìîëˆíñêèå í‹âîñòè - 20.02.09<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 39
37. Comparative and superlative adverbs<br />
47 47<br />
1. Choose comparative adverbs to fill the gaps<br />
à. Ýòîò ñòðî‰òåëü äˆëàåò ðåì‹íò äîð‹æå, íî á‹ëåå ê‚÷åñòâåííî.<br />
á. Þðèé ïîñåù‚åò ñòîë‰öó ÷‚ùå, ÷åì Àíäðˆé.<br />
â.  ¬òîò äåíü îí âñòàë ‹÷åíü ð‚íî, á›ñòðî îäˆëñÿ è â›øåë ãîð‚çäî ð‚íüøå,<br />
÷åì îá›÷íî.<br />
ã. Âòîð‹é ìèí‰ñòð îòâˆòèë á‹ëåå äèïëîìàò‰÷íî. Îí íèêîã‹ íå îá‰äåë.<br />
ä. Êîã‹ èç äâóõ âû á‹ëüøå ëƒáèòå?<br />
å. Îí ñêàç‚ë ïð‹ñòî «íåò». Îí íå ìîã â›ðàçèòüñÿ á‹ëåå êàòåãîð‰÷íî.<br />
æ. Îí âåðí˜ëñÿ ãîð‚çäî ï‹çæå, ï‹ñëå ïîë˜íî÷è.<br />
ç. Ä‚éòå ñä‚÷ó â ä‹ëëàðàõ. Ýòî á‹ëåå â›ãîäíî.<br />
è. Ìû íå õîòˆëè ˆõàòü ä‚ëüøå.<br />
2. Fill the gaps with comparatives from the adverbs given<br />
à. Êòî èç íèõ áˆãàåò á›ñòðåå?<br />
á. Îí ïî¸ò ãð‹ì÷å, ÷åì îí‚.<br />
â.  âîñêðåñˆíüå ìû âñòà¸ì ï‹çæå, ÷åì â äðóã‰å äíè.<br />
ã. «Ñóõ‹é» ëåò‚åò âûñîê‹, íî «ÌÈû ëåò‚åò åù¸ â›øå.<br />
ä. Ñòð‚íû Åâð‹ïû âñ¸ ãë˜áæå ïîãðóæ‚þòñÿ â ôèí‚íñîâûé êð‰çèñ.<br />
å. ωâî ñò‹èò äåøˆâëå, ÷åì âèí‹.<br />
æ. Îí çí‚åò ð˜ññêèé õ˜æå, ÷åì ÿ.<br />
3. Fill the gaps in the sayings. Then translate them and learn them<br />
à. ×åì ä‚ëüøå â ëåñ, òåì á‹ëüøå äðîâ.<br />
á. Ò‰øå ˆäåøü, ä‚ëüøå á˜äåøü.<br />
4. Fill the gaps with âñåã‹ or âñåõ<br />
à. Îí‰ âñå ëƒáÿò Àííó, íî Ñòåï‚í ëƒáèò å¸ á‹ëüøå âñåõ.<br />
á. Îí ðàá‹òàåò ë˜÷øå âñåã‹ ïˆðåä îáˆäîì.<br />
â.  Åã‰ïòå ìˆíüøå âñåã‹ òóð‰ñòîâ â ôåâðàëˆ.<br />
ã. Áîðç‹â áˆãàë áûñòðˆå âñåõ.<br />
ä. ×òî âàì á‹ëüøå âñåã‹ ïîíð‚âèëîñü â Ñèá‰ðè?<br />
40 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
38. The infinitive<br />
1. Add the infinitive endings and the English translation<br />
à. ãîëîñîâ‚òü to vote<br />
í. ïîíµòü to understand<br />
á. ñë˜øàòü to listen<br />
î. ïîäíµòü to raise, pick up<br />
â. îðãàíèçîâ‚òü to organise<br />
ï. ïîäíèì‚òü to raise, pick up<br />
ã. ñêàç‚òü to say, tell<br />
ð. ïîíèì‚òü to understand<br />
ä. ñïðîñ‰òü to ask<br />
ñ. âñòàòü to get up<br />
å. õîòˆòü to want<br />
ò. æäàòü to wait<br />
æ. îïîçä‚òü to be late<br />
ó. ñìîòðˆòü to watch<br />
ç. âçÿòü to take<br />
ô. ïëàò‰òü to pay<br />
è. â‰äåòü to see<br />
õ. áåæ‚òü to run<br />
ê. ñïð‚øèâàòü to ask *<br />
ö. öåëîâ‚òü to kiss<br />
ë. âîéò‰ to go in<br />
÷. ïèñ‚òü to write<br />
ì. áëàãîäàð‰òü to thank<br />
ø. ÷èò‚òü to read<br />
2. Fill in the gaps in the sayings and the Tyutchev poem<br />
à. Ñ âîëê‚ìè æèòü – ïî-â‹ë÷üè âûòü!<br />
48<br />
á. Æèçíü ïðîæ‰òü – íå ï‹ëå ïåðåéò‰!<br />
â. ˈíèí æèë, æèâ¸ò è á˜äåò æèòü!<br />
ã. Ì‚ëî õîòˆòü, í‚äî óìˆòü!<br />
ä. Óì‹ì Ðîññ‰þ íå ïîíµòü!<br />
Àðø‰íîì ‹áùèì íå èçìˆðèòü:<br />
Ó íåé îñ‹áåííàÿ ñòàòü –<br />
 Ðîññ‰þ ì‹æíî ò‹ëüêî âˆðèòü.<br />
(Ô¸äîð Òƒò÷åâ - 1866)<br />
å. Õ‹÷åøü òû çäîð‹âûì áûòü? –<br />
Á‹ëüøå ÷‚ÿ í‚äî ïèòü ...<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 41
39,40. Aspect pairs. The use of the infinitive<br />
1. Find the aspect pairs from the verbs in the following list:<br />
Imperfective Perfective Imperfective Perfective<br />
áðàòü âçÿòü îòäûõ‚òü îòäîõí˜òü<br />
áðîñ‚òü áð‹ñèòü ïåòü ñïåòü<br />
âîçâðàù‚òüñÿ âåðí˜òüñÿ ïèñ‚òü íàïèñ‚òü<br />
äàâ‚òü äàòü ïèòü â›ïèòü<br />
äˆëàòü ñäˆëàòü ïîêóï‚òü êóï‰òü<br />
æäàòü ïîäîæä‚òü ïîíèì‚òü ïîíµòü<br />
æèòü ïðîæ‰òü ïîñûë‚òü ïîñë‚òü<br />
èãð‚òü ïîèãð‚òü ðàññê‚çûâàòü ðàññêàç‚òü<br />
èñ÷åç‚òü èñ÷ˆçíóòü ñàä‰òüñÿ ñåñòü<br />
çâîí‰òü ïîçâîí‰òü ñìîòðˆòü ïîñìîòðˆòü<br />
êóð‰òü ïîêóð‰òü òåðµòü ïîòåðµòü<br />
ëþá‰òü ïîëþá‰òü óçíàâ‚òü óçí‚òü<br />
ìî÷ü ñìî÷ü óìèð‚òü óìåðˆòü<br />
2. Fill the gaps with infinitives from the list below. Mark them as imperfective or<br />
perfective<br />
à. Âû ñîãë‚ñíû ñòàòü ìîˆé æåí‹é? perf.<br />
á. ß íå õî÷˜ îáˆäàòü â ¬òîì ãðµçíîì ðåñòîð‚íå. imp.<br />
â. ͉íà íå óìˆåò ïèñ‚òü ñòèõ‰. imp.<br />
ã. Âû íå õîò‰òå ïîñìîòðˆòü ìî‰ êàðò‰íû? perf.<br />
ä. Åëˆíà ðåø‰ëà ïîçâîí‰òü äµäå. perf.<br />
å. Áîð‰ñ âñåãä‚ ïðèõ‹äèò â‹âðåìÿ. Îí íå ëƒáèò îï‚çäûâàòü. imp.<br />
æ. ß õî÷˜ ïîêð‚ñèòü ä‚÷ó ëˆòîì . perf.<br />
ç. Ì‹æíî çàä‚òü âàì îä‰í èíò‰ìíûé âîïð‹ñ? perf.<br />
è. ß õî÷˜ ñäˆëàòü ñåሠí‹âûé ï‚ñïîðò. perf.<br />
ê. Íå í‚äî ãîâîð‰òü íåïð‚âäó äˆòÿì. imp.<br />
3. Fill the gaps with infinitives from the list, using the correct aspect<br />
à. Íå í‚äî ïèòü â‹äó èç ¬òîãî êð‚íà.<br />
á. Îí ðåø‰ë â›ïèòü ñòàê‚í âîä› è ïîéò‰ äîì‹é.<br />
â. ß á˜äó çâîí‰òü òåሠê‚æäûé âˆ÷åð.<br />
ã. Íàäî ñð‹÷íî ïîçâîí‰òü â ìèë‰öèþ.<br />
ä. Îíà õ‹÷åò ïîñìîòðˆòü òâîé îãîð‹ä.<br />
å. ß íå ëþáëƒ ñìîòðˆòü òåëåâ‰çîð.<br />
æ. ͉íà õ‹÷åò êóï‰òü ƒáêó.<br />
ç. Îí ïåðåñò‚ë ïîêóï‚òü ãàçˆòû. Îí ÷èò‚åò í‹âîñòè â èíòåðíˆòå.<br />
è. Åì˜ íàäîˆëî ðàá‹òàòü íà øîêîë‚äíîì çàâ‹äå.<br />
ê. Àáðàì‹âè÷ óãîâîð‰ë Õ‰ääèíêà ïîðàá‹òàòü â ׈ëñè, íî ò‹ëüêî äî êîíö‚ ñåç‹íà.<br />
ë. ĉìà õ‹÷åò ïîìåíµòü ñòî ä‹ëëàðîâ íà ðóáë‰.<br />
ì. Íå í‚äî ìåíµòü äˆíüãè íà ˜ëèöå!<br />
í. ß íå ìî㘠îïîçä‚òü íà ¬òîò óð‹ê.<br />
î. Ó íå¸ åñòü ïðèâ›÷êà âñåãä‚ îï‚çäûâàòü.<br />
ï. Ýòè òàáëˆòêè ïîì‹ãóò âàì áð‹ñèòü êóð‰òü.<br />
ð. ˘÷øå îä‰í ðàç óâ‰äåòü, ÷åì ñòî ðàç óñë›øàòü.<br />
42 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
4. Complete the translations of the notices and quotations<br />
à. Dangerous zone! Snow falling from the roof. Don’t park cars.<br />
á. Do not touch anything with your hands!<br />
â. To be or not to be, that is the question! (Hamlet)<br />
ã. It is not a circus! Our aim is not to entertain the students, but to teach them! (V. Bessonoff)<br />
ä. Study, study, and study! (V.I. Lenin)<br />
49<br />
41. Verbs. The present tense. Imperfective verb stems Óïðàæíˆíèÿ<br />
1. Use the verbs given to compose present tense captions for the pictures<br />
à. Îí‚ ÷èò‚åò ãàçˆòó.<br />
á. Àâòîð «Ðóñë‚íà» èãð‚åò íà àêêîðäå‹íå.<br />
â. Ìóæ÷‰íà ïîêóï‚åò êàðò‹øêó.<br />
ã. Êàç‚êè òàíö˜þò.<br />
ä. Ó÷åí‰öà îòâå÷‚åò íà âîïð‹ñ.<br />
å. Ñåìüµ ñòî‰ò ïˆðåä ä‹ìîì.<br />
æ. Îí‰ îáˆäàþò íà ä‚÷å.<br />
ç. Ðûáîë‹â äˆðæèò ð›áó.<br />
These are open questions and the answers given<br />
are examples only. Teacher marking is required.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 43
42-44. Verbs. The present tense<br />
50<br />
3. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use present tense endings<br />
1. Insert a pronoun to fill the gaps<br />
à. Ìû ïîíèì‚åì âàñ.<br />
á. Îí‰ ðàçãîâ‚ðèâàþò î ïîã‹äå.<br />
â. Îí‰ ñë›øàò íàñ.<br />
ã. Òû ë˜÷øå çí‚åøü.<br />
ä. ß íå ä˜ìàþ îá ¬òîì.<br />
å. Âû õîò‰òå ÷‚øêó ÷‚ÿ?<br />
æ. Ìû îáˆäàåì â ðåñòîð‚íå.<br />
ç. ß ïèø˜ ïèñüì‹ ñåñòðˆ.<br />
è. Ìû ëƒáèì çîîï‚ðê.<br />
ê. Îí / îí‚ ïîêóï‚åò ìîá‰ëüíûé òåëåô‹í â ÃÓÌå.<br />
ë. Âû ãîâîð‰òå ïî-ð˜ññêè?<br />
ì. ß ñë›øó øóì.<br />
í. Îí / îí‚ æä¸ò àâò‹áóñ.<br />
î. Îí‰ ñì‹òðÿò í‹âîñòè.<br />
ï. Òû ïü¸øü ìîëîê‹?<br />
ð. Ìû çí‚åì âàø ‚äðåñ.<br />
ñ. Îí / îí‚ èä¸ò ïåøê‹ì.<br />
ò. ß ñèæ˜ è æäó.<br />
ó. Îí‚ òàíö˜åò ñ áð‚òîì.<br />
ô. ß íå êóðƒ.<br />
õ. Îí‰ ãóëµþò â ï‚ðêå.<br />
ö. Ìû ñë˜øàåì ì˜çûêó.<br />
÷. Îí‰ ñïåø‚ò äîì‹é.<br />
ø. Îí öåë˜åò æåí˜.<br />
ù. Ìû ïîêóï‚åì êí‰ãè.<br />
2. Fill in the table<br />
èíôèíèò‰â ÿ ... òû ... ìû ... îí‰ ...<br />
â‰äåòü ÿ â‰æó òû â‰äèøü ìû â‰äèì îí‰ â‰äÿò<br />
ñìîòðˆòü ÿ ñìîòðƒ òû ñì‹òðèøü ìû ñì‹òðèì îí‰ ñì‹òðÿò<br />
ëþá‰òü ÿ ëþáëƒ òû ëƒáèøü ìû ëƒáèì îí‰ ëƒáÿò<br />
èãð‚òü ÿ èãð‚þ òû èãð‚åøü ìû èãð‚åì îí‰ èãð‚þò<br />
ïîêóï‚òü ÿ ïîêóï‚þ òû ïîêóï‚åøü ìû ïîêóï‚åì îí‰ ïîêóï‚þò<br />
æäàòü ÿ æäó òû æä¸øü ìû æä¸ì îí‰ æäóò<br />
ñë›øàòü ÿ ñë›øó òû ñë›øèøü ìû ñë›øèì îí‰ ñë›øàò<br />
ñòàðˆòü ÿ ñòàðˆþ òû ñòàðˆåøü ìû ñòàðˆåì îí‰ ñòàðˆþò<br />
â‰äåòü ÿ â‰æó òû â‰äèøü ìû â‰äèì îí‰ â‰äÿò<br />
ñïàòü ÿ ñïëþ òû ñïèøü ìû ñïèì îí‰ ñïÿò<br />
à. Îí íà Êð‚ñíîé ïë‹ùàäè. Îí ôîòîãðàô‰ðóåò Èñòîð‰÷åñêèé ìóçˆé.<br />
á. ͉íà è ˆðà ðàá‹òàþò â ñóïåðì‚ðêåòå.<br />
â. ĉìà ìåíµåò äˆíüãè â á‚íêå.<br />
ã.  ç‚ëå ø˜ìíî. Âñå àïëîä‰ðóþò.<br />
ä. ß âñòàƒ ê‚æäûé äåíü â øåñòü ÷àñ‹â.<br />
å. Âû íå èìˆåòå ïð‚âî ýòî äˆëàòü.<br />
æ.  Àíãëèè ìû ñîðòèð˜åì ì˜ñîð äëÿ âòîð‰÷íîé ïåðåðàá‹òêè.<br />
ç. Âû íå æàëˆåòå îá ¬òîì?<br />
è. Îí ïî¸ò ïî óòð‚ì â â‚ííîé.<br />
ê. ˆòåð ä˜åò ‹÷åíü ñ‰ëüíî.<br />
ë. Ñåðãˆé è Îëüãà òàíö˜þò âàëüñ.<br />
ì. ̉øà íå èãð‚åò â õîêêˆé.<br />
í. Ýòè ‚êöèè äàƒò íåïëîõ‹é äèâèäˆíä.<br />
î. Ñïàñ‰áî, ÷òî âû íå áðîñ‚åòå îê˜ðêè íà ãàç‹í!<br />
44 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
4. Use the verbs given to compose present tense captions for the pictures<br />
à. Ñîëä‚òû ìàðøèð˜þò.<br />
á. ƈíùèíà ïðåïîäà¸ò ð˜ññêèé ÿç›ê.<br />
â. Äðóçüµ ïüþò ï‰âî.<br />
ã. Ìóæ÷‰íà ïîêóï‚åò áèëˆò íà ýêñê˜ðñèþ.<br />
ä. Îí‰ ïðîäàƒò àðá˜çû..<br />
å. Ĉâî÷êè åäµò ìîð‹æåíîå.<br />
5. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use present tense endings<br />
à. Êàê òåáµ çîâ˜ò?<br />
á. Îí‰ á›ëè òàì. Ñåé÷‚ñ îí‰ ˆäóò îáð‚òíî íà àâò‹áóñå.<br />
â. Îí âð¸ò. Îí íèêîãä‚ íˆ áûë â Ïàð‰æå.<br />
ã. Ýòîò áàíê áåð¸ò ñë‰øêîì áîëüø‹é ïðîöˆíò.<br />
ä. Ãäå òû æèâ¸øü?<br />
å. Îí‚ ï‰øåò ñòàòüƒ îá èñò‹ðèè ãîð‹äà.<br />
æ. Ìû íå ì‹æåì òåሠïîì‹÷ü.<br />
ç. Ïî÷åì˜ âû íå èä¸òå â òå‚òð?<br />
è. Îí ‰ùåò â êàðì‚íå ìîíˆòû.<br />
æ. Ĉâóøêè ‹÷åíü õîðîø‹ òàíö˜þò.<br />
6. Make a list of verbs in -îâàòü that are formed from the following<br />
àäìèíèñòð‰ðîâàòü<br />
àòàêîâ‚òü<br />
ãàðàíò‰ðîâàòü<br />
èëëþñòð‰ðîâàòü<br />
èììèãð‰ðîâàòü<br />
êîìïåíñ‰ðîâàòü<br />
îêêóï‰ðîâàòü<br />
ïàíèêîâ‚òü<br />
ïðàêòèêîâ‚òü<br />
ðåêîìåíäîâ‚òü<br />
ñòàðòîâ‚òü<br />
ôèíàíñ‰ðîâàòü<br />
ýâàêó‰ðîâàòü<br />
10. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use present tense endings<br />
à. Îí‰ íå ãîâîðµò ïî-ð˜ññêè.<br />
á. Ìû ñòî‰ì â ‹÷åðåäè óæˆ òðè ÷àñ‚.<br />
â. Ñåð¸æà ñë›øèò øóì.<br />
ã. Íà êîã‹ âû ñì‹òðèòå?<br />
ä. ß íå ëþáëƒ ìàêàð‹íû.<br />
å. Ìàð‰ÿ ïë‹õî â‰äèò ï‹ñëå îïåð‚öèè íà ãëàç‚õ.<br />
æ. Ìû ëåò‰ì âûñîê‹ íàä îáëàê‚ìè.<br />
ç. ß åì ïÿòü ï‹ðöèé îâîùˆé è ôð˜êòîâ â äåíü.<br />
è. Ìû ïð‹ñèì âàñ îòâˆòèòü â òå÷ˆíèå ìˆñÿöà.<br />
ê. ˆðà è Èãîðü õîòµò ïîæåí‰òüñÿ.<br />
ë. Ïî âîñêðåñˆíüÿì ÿ ëîâëƒ ð›áó.<br />
ì. Îí‚ íå òˆðïèò äóðàê‹â.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 45
11. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use present tense endings<br />
à. Åù¸ äˆñÿòü ìèí˜ò äî ï‹åçäà. Ïî÷åì˜ òû òàê á›ñòðî áåæ‰øü?<br />
á. Îí‚ íå âˆðèò â Á‹ãà.<br />
â. Êòî íå ê˜ðèò è íå ïü¸ò, òîò çäîð‹âåíüêèì óìð¸ò!<br />
ã. Êàê ñë‚äêî òû ïî¸øü!<br />
ä. ß ñë›øó è çàáûâ‚þ. ß â‰æó è çàïîìèí‚þ.<br />
ß äˆëàþ è ìíå ïîíµòíî. (Êèò‚éñêèé ôèë‹ñîô)<br />
<br />
12. Fill in the gaps in the song<br />
51<br />
Æèçíü èä¸ò, ïðîð‚áû ñòð‹ÿò,<br />
Ïàðèêì‚õåðû ñòðèã˜ò,<br />
Ĉòè ñïÿò, øàõò¸ðû ð‹þò,<br />
Çàêëþ÷¸ííûå áåã˜ò.<br />
Ê‚æäûé ñâµòî èñïîëíµåò<br />
Ïðåäíàçí‚÷åííóþ ðîëü,<br />
Ýíòðîï‰ÿ âîçðàñò‚åò,<br />
Äîðîæ‚åò àëêîã‹ëü.<br />
Ñóëò‚í Áðóíˆÿ (îòð›âîê). Timur Shaov.<br />
13. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use present tense endings<br />
à. Àðõèòˆêòîð ïðîåêò‰ðóåò çä‚íèÿ.<br />
á. Áàðàá‚íùèê èãð‚åò íà áàðàá‚íå.<br />
â. Áàðìˆí îáñë˜æèâàåò êëèˆíòîâ â á‚ðå.<br />
ã. Áóõã‚ëòåð ñ÷èò‚åò ïð‰áûëü è óá›òêè.<br />
ä. Âåòåðèí‚ð ëˆ÷èò æèâ‹òíûõ.<br />
å. ˸ò÷èê ëåò‰ò íà ñàìîë¸òå.<br />
æ. Ìåòåîð‹ëîã ïðîãíîç‰ðóåò ïîã‹äó.<br />
ç. Ïàðèêì‚õåð ñòðèæ¸ò â‚øè â‹ëîñû.<br />
è. Ïåâˆö ïî¸ò ïˆñíè.<br />
ê. ψêàðü ïå÷¸ò õëåá.<br />
ë. Ï‹âàð ãîò‹âèò åä˜.<br />
ì. Ïî÷òàëü‹í ïðèí‹ñèò ï‰ñüìà.<br />
í. Ñàíòˆõíèê ðåìîíò‰ðóåò âîäîïðîâ‹ä.<br />
î. Ñâÿùˆííèê ñë˜æèò â öˆðêâè.<br />
ï. Òàêñ‰ñò âåç¸ò âàñ òóä‚, êóä‚ âû õîò‰òå.<br />
ð. Òðóáî÷‰ñò ÷‰ñòèò òð˜áû.<br />
ñ. Òóðàãˆíò ïðîäà¸ò ò˜ðû è ïóò¸âêè.<br />
ò. Óá‹ðùèöà ì‹åò ïîë› è âûòèð‚åò ïûëü.<br />
ó. Ôèãóð‰ñò òàíö˜åò íà ëüäó.<br />
46 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
45, 46. Verbs. The past tense<br />
1. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use past tense endings<br />
à. Îí‰ êóï‰ëè áèëˆòû â ê‚ññå.<br />
á. Ìû óæˆ ñìîòðˆëè ¬òîò ôèëüì.<br />
â. Ìàêñ‰ì æèë äâà ã‹äà íà Ñàõàë‰íå.<br />
ã. ͉íà òàíöåâ‚ëà ñ Áîð‰ñîì âåñü âˆ÷åð.<br />
ä. Ó ìîˆé ñåñòð› íˆ áûëî ÷àñ‹â. Îí‚ ‹÷åíü ÷‚ñòî îï‚çäûâàëà.<br />
å. Âðˆìÿ øëî ‹÷åíü ìˆäëåííî.<br />
æ. Âû íå ï‹íÿëè óñë‹âèÿ êîíòð‚êòà.<br />
ç. Îí íå ä˜ìàë î òåáˆ.<br />
è.  ã‹ðîäå ̉ðíîì íåä‚âíî ïîñòð‹èëè í‹âûé ï‚ìÿòíèê Ñò‚ëèíó.<br />
2. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use past tense endings<br />
à. Ìû ãóëµëè âìˆñòå â ï‚ðêå.<br />
á. Ìîé ñîñˆä ïðèí¸ñ ìíå âåäð‹ êàðò‹øêè èç îãîð‹äà.<br />
â. Äîæäü ø¸ë âñþ íî÷ü.<br />
ã. Ìèõà‰ë áûë ðàä òåáµ â‰äåòü.<br />
ä. ͉íû íåò. Îí‚ ïîøë‚ äîì‹é.<br />
å. Îí‰ ïðèøëè íà âå÷åð‰íêó ð‹âíî â øåñòü ÷àñ‹â.<br />
æ. Ýòî ìîãë‹ áûòü ïð‚âäîé.<br />
ç. Ìàòü âåë‚ ñ›íà â øê‹ëó.<br />
è. Ìèëèöèîíˆðû àðåñòîâ‚ëè åã‹ íà âîêç‚ëå.<br />
ê. Çäåñü â 1564-îì ãîä˜ Èâ‚í Ô¸äîðîâ íàïå÷‚òàë ïˆðâóþ ð˜ññêóþ êí‰ãó.<br />
3. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use past tense endings<br />
à. Ìàð‰ÿ óìåðë‚ îò ñåðäˆ÷íîãî ïð‰ñòóïà.<br />
á. Íèê‰òà íå ìîã ïîíµòü, êàê ¬òî ñëó÷‰ëîñü.<br />
â. Ýòî íåïð‚âäà. Âû îø‰áëèñü.<br />
ã. Îí‚ òðè ã‹äà æèë‚ â ̉íñêå.<br />
ä. Ïî÷åì˜ âû íå æä‚ëè ìåíµ íà ïëàòô‹ðìå?<br />
å. Ýòî áûë‚ Íàò‚ëüÿ.<br />
æ. Ïåíñèîíˆðû ñîáðàë‰ñü íà Êð‚ñíîé ïë‹ùàäè.<br />
ç. ›ïèë – çà ðóëü íå ñàä‰ñü!<br />
52<br />
6. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Some are needed twice.<br />
Use past tense endings<br />
53<br />
Òåáµ ïðîñ‰ë ÿ áûòü íà ñâèä‚íüå,<br />
Ìå÷ò‚ë î âñòðˆ÷å, êàê âñåãä‚.<br />
Òû óëûáí˜ëàñü, ñëåãê‚ ñìóò‰âøèñü,<br />
Ñêàç‚ëà: Äà, äà, äà, äà!<br />
Ñ óòð‚ ïîáð‰ëñÿ è ã‚ëñòóê í‹âûé<br />
Ñ ãîð‹øêîì ñ‰íèì ÿ íàäˆë.<br />
Êóï‰ë òðè ‚ñòðû, â ÷åò›ðå ð‹âíî<br />
ß ïðèëåòˆë.<br />
– ß õîä‰ë!<br />
– È ÿ õîä‰ëà!<br />
– ß âàñ æäàë!<br />
– È ÿ æäàë‚!<br />
– ß áûë çîë!<br />
– È ÿ ñåðä‰ëàñü!<br />
– ß óø¸ë!<br />
– È ÿ óøë‚!<br />
– Ìû á›ëè ‹áà:<br />
ß ó àïòˆêè!<br />
– À ÿ â êèí‹ èñê‚ëà âàñ!<br />
– Òàê, çí‚÷èò, ç‚âòðà,<br />
íà òîì æå ìˆñòå, â òîò æå ÷àñ!<br />
(Èç ïˆñíè «Íåóä‚÷íîå ñâèä‚íüå»<br />
- Á. Òèìîôˆåâ)<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 47
7. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Ñhoose the appropriate aspect and use past<br />
tense endings. Not all the verbs are used<br />
à.  òî âðˆìÿ ìû ïîíèì‚ëè ïðîáëˆìó, íî íå çí‚ëè, ÷ò‹ í‚äî<br />
á›ëî äˆëàòü.<br />
á. Âäðóã îí ï‹íÿë, ÷òî ¬òî çí‚÷èò.<br />
â. Îí‚ ÷‚ñòî çâîí‰ëà ì˜æó, êîãä‚ îí áûë â êîìàíäèð‹âêå.<br />
ã. Áîð‰ñ ïîçâîí‰ë â îòäˆë íàõ‹äîê.<br />
ä. ͉íà ñòîµëà â ‹÷åðåäè è æäàë‚.<br />
å. Îí‚ ïîñòîµëà ïÿòü ìèí˜ò, à ïîò‹ì óøë‚.<br />
æ. Àëåêñˆé íàø¸ë èíôîðì‚öèþ î ñâîˆé á‚áóøêå â èíòåðíˆòå.<br />
ç. Îí ÷‚ñòî íàõîä‰ë òàì èíôîðì‚öèþ î ñâî‰õ ð‹äñòâåííèêàõ.<br />
è. Ђíüøå ÿ ñìîòðˆë ôóòá‹ë ò‹ëüêî ïî òåëåâ‰çîðó, à â÷åð‚ ÿ ïˆðâûé<br />
ðàç ïîñìîòðˆë ìàò÷ íà ñòàäè‹íå.<br />
ê. ˈòîì ˆðà ôîòîãðàô‰ðîâàëà ïî÷ò‰ âñå äîñòîïðèìå÷‚òåëüíîñòè Ìîñêâ›, íî<br />
çàá›ëà îá Èñòîð‰÷åñêîì ìóçˆå.<br />
ë.  ñåíòÿáðˆ îí‚ âåðí˜ëàñü â ñòîë‰öó è ñôîòîãðàô‰ðîâàëà Èñòîð‰÷åñêèé ìóçˆé.<br />
54<br />
8. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Ñhoose the appropriate aspect and use past<br />
tense endings. Not all the verbs are used<br />
à. Ìîµ æåí‚ ‹÷åíü õîòˆëà ïîˆõàòü íà ä‚÷ó, íî íˆ áûëî âðˆìåíè.<br />
á. Âäðóã ì‚ëü÷èê çàõîòˆë âåðí˜òüñÿ äîì‹é.<br />
â. ß ïîñë‚ë èìˆéë Ìàð‰è, íî á›ëî ï‹çäíî. Îí‚ óæˆ óˆõàëà.<br />
ã. Êîãä‚ ÿ ïîñûë‚ ïèñüì‹, îí‚ óæˆ ñèäˆëà â àâò‹áóñå.<br />
ä. Êîãä‚ ÿ æèë íà Ñàõàë‰íå, ÿ ïîëó÷‚ë îòë‰÷íóþ çàðïë‚òó<br />
è â êîíöˆ êîìàíäèð‹âêè ÿ ïîëó÷‰ë ïðˆìèþ.<br />
å. Ñåã‹äíÿ ˜òðîì ÿ âñòàë ‹÷åíü ð‚íî. Âû âñ¸ åù¸ ñï‚ëè.<br />
æ. Êîãä‚ ÿ áûë ìîë‹æå, ÿ âñòàâ‚ë ï‹çæå.<br />
ç. Ïîçàâ÷åð‚ îí‚ âñò‚ëà â øåñòü ÷àñ‹â óòð‚, á›ñòðî ïîç‚âòðàêàëà<br />
è îòïð‚âèëàñü íà âîêç‚ë.<br />
48 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
47. Verbs. Future tenses<br />
1. Ask questions that might lead to the following answers<br />
à. Ãäå âû á˜äåòå ðàá‹òàòü â èƒíå?  èƒíå ÿ á˜äó ðàá‹òàòü â Ìîñêâˆ.<br />
á. Ãäå âû á˜äåòå æèòü? ß á˜äó æèòü â êâàðò‰ðå áð‚òà.<br />
â. Îí òàì á˜äåò? Íåò. Åã‹ íå á˜äåò.<br />
ã. ×òî âû á˜äåòå äˆëàòü â ñâîá‹äíîå âðˆìÿ?  ñâîá‹äíîå âðˆìÿ ÿ á˜äó îòäûõ‚òü.<br />
ä. Ãäå âû á˜äåòå îáˆäàòü? ß á˜äó îáˆäàòü â Ìàêä‹íàëüäñå.<br />
å. Âàì á˜äåò ñê˜÷íî? Äà, ìíå á˜äåò ‹÷åíü ñê˜÷íî.<br />
æ. Âû á˜äåòå çâîí‰òü ìíå? Äà, êîíˆ÷íî, ê‚æäûé âˆ÷åð!<br />
2. Ask questions that might lead to the following answers<br />
à. Êóä‚ òû ïîˆäåøü ï‹ñëå êîìàíäèð‹âêè? Ï‹ñëå êîìàíäèð‹âêè ÿ ïîˆäó íà ä‚÷ó.<br />
á. Ãäå òû ê˜ïèøü áèëˆò? ß êóïëƒ áèëˆò â èíòåðíˆòå.<br />
â. Êîãä‚ òû ïîçâîí‰øü ðîä‰òåëÿì? ß ïîçâîíƒ ðîä‰òåëÿì ç‚âòðà.<br />
ã. Òû ñê‚æåøü èì î ïîˆçäêå? Íåò, ÿ íè÷åã‹ íå ñêàæ˜ èì î ïîˆçäêå.<br />
ä. Òû âîçüì¸øü áîëüø‹é ÷åìîä‚í? Äà, ÿ âîçüì˜ áîëüø‹é ÷åìîä‚í.<br />
å. Êîãä‚ ÿ òåáµ óâ‰æó? Òû ìåíµ óâ‰äèøü â ‚âãóñòå.<br />
3. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use the imperfective or the perfective future<br />
tense. Not all the verbs are to be used<br />
à. ×òî âû á˜äåòå äˆëàòü â ‚âãóñòå?<br />
á. Íåò ñèãí‚ëà. ß ïîçâîíƒ åì˜ ïîï‹çæå.<br />
â. ß á˜äó ïèñ‚òü òåሠï‰ñüìà ê‚æäóþ íåäˆëþ.<br />
ã. ß íàïèø˜ ïèñüì‹ ñåñòðˆ ñåã‹äíÿ âˆ÷åðîì.<br />
ä. Õîðîø‹. ß âñòðˆ÷ó âàñ ïîñëåç‚âòðà â àýðîïîðò˜.<br />
å. Íå áåñïîê‹éòåñü. Âû á˜äåòå â›ãëÿäåòü ë˜÷øå ï‹ñëå îïåð‚öèè.<br />
æ. Ï‹ñëå îêîí÷‚íèÿ óíèâåðñèòˆòà ìîé ñûí á˜äåò ðàá‹òàòü â ëàáàðàò‹ðèè.<br />
ç. ß á˜äó æäàòü âàñ íà ïëàòô‹ðìå ï‹ñëå òð¸õ.<br />
èëè: ß âñòðˆ÷ó âàñ íà ïëàòô‹ðìå ï‹ñëå òð¸õ.<br />
è. Ñåã‹äíÿ âˆ÷åðîì â äˆâÿòü ÷àñ‹â ìû ïîñì‹òðèì í‹âîñòè.<br />
ê. ͉íà á˜äåò æèòü â êâàðò‰ðå ó äµäè.<br />
5. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use the perfective future tense<br />
à. ß òåሠêóïëƒ ïîä‚ðîê íà Âåðíèñ‚æå.<br />
á. Ìû ïîê‚æåì åì˜!<br />
â. Îí ïîéì¸ò, êîãä‚ ïðî÷èò‚åò ìî¸ ïèñüì‹.<br />
ã. Äì‰òðèé ïîä˜ìàåò îá ¬òîì äˆëå.<br />
ä. ß ïîñë˜øàþ òâîé äèñê è âåðí˜ åã‹ òåáˆ.<br />
å. Îí‰ ïðèˆäóò ï‹ñëå ïîë˜íî÷è.<br />
æ. ßç›ê äî ʉåâà äîâåä¸ò.<br />
6 / 7. Find the perfective future tense verbs in the poem<br />
she will arrive (îí‚) ïðèˆäåò<br />
we will go to sleep<br />
she will notice (îí‚) ïðèìˆòèò<br />
he will buy<br />
she will understand (îí‚) ïîéì¸ò<br />
they will carry out<br />
she will run up (îí‚) âçáåæ‰ò<br />
they will put down<br />
she will take (îí‚) âîçüì¸ò<br />
who will protect?<br />
it will slip off<br />
(îí‚) ñîñêîëüçí¸ò they will call you<br />
they will awaken (stir)<br />
they will die away<br />
(ìû) çàñí¸ì<br />
(îí) ê˜ïèò<br />
(îí‰) ñâåç˜ò<br />
(îí‰) ïîë‹æàò<br />
êòî çàùèò‰ò?<br />
(îí‰) íàçîâ˜ò<br />
(îí‰) øåâåëüí˜òñÿ<br />
(îí‰) çàìð˜ò<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 49
8. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use perfective future endings<br />
à. Ìû âñò‚íåì ð‚íî â äåíü ïîˆçäêè.<br />
á. Òû âîçüì¸øü ìåíµ ñ ñîá‹é ‰ëè íåò?<br />
â. Äâåðü çàêð›òà. Íàò‚øà íå îòêð‹åò å¸ áåç ìîåã‹ ðàçðåøˆíèÿ.<br />
ã. Åñëè âðà÷‰ íå äàä˜ò ¬òî ëåê‚ðñòâî, áîëüí‹é óìð¸ò.<br />
ä. Ìû ïîì‹æåì âàì ðàññêàç‚òü ì‰ðó î ñåáˆ.<br />
å. ß ñïðîø˜ î ðàñïèñ‚íèè ïîåçä‹â.<br />
æ. Ìîµ á‚áóøêà ïîê‚æåò òåáˆ, êàê ïðèãîò‹âèòü íàñòîµùèé áîðù.<br />
ç. ß çàêð‹þ ñ÷¸ò â á‚íêå. Îíè âçµëè ñë‰øêîì áîëüø‹é ïðîöˆíò.<br />
è. ×òî ìû ñê‚æåì íà ïðåññ-êîíôåðˆíöèè?<br />
ê. Åñëè á˜äåò æ‚ðêî, îí ñí‰ìåò ñâ‰òåð.<br />
50 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
49. The verb “to be”<br />
1. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Some will be used more than once.<br />
Use present tense endings, or use the invariable åñòü<br />
à. Àíò‹í Ô¸äîðîâè÷ ÿâëµåòñÿ ïðåäñåä‚òåëåì êîìèòˆòà.<br />
á. Ìîé ñûí ñë˜æèò â ìîðñê‹ì ôë‹òå.<br />
â. Ìû äîêàç‚ëè, ÷òî ÿâëµåìñÿ ñ‰ëüíîé êîì‚íäîé.<br />
ã. Ýòîò ì‚ëü÷èê ˜÷èòñÿ â øê‹ëå ¹ 162.<br />
ä. Ϙòèí çàÿâ‰ë, ÷òî Áðþññˆëüñêàÿ äåêëàð‚öèÿ î ã‚çå ÿâëµåòñÿ íåïðîôåññèîí‚ëüíîé.<br />
å. Ó ò¸òè ˆðû ìèãðˆíü. Îí‚ ëåæ‰ò ä‹ìà.<br />
æ. Òîò ôàêò, ÷òî îí‰ ïîññ‹ðèëèñü, íå ÿâëµåòñÿ äîêàç‚òåëüñòâîì, ÷òî îí‚ âèíîâ‚òà.<br />
ç. ß ì›ñëþ, ñëˆäîâàòåëüíî ÿ ñóùåñòâ˜þ. (Ðåíˆ Äåê‚ðò)<br />
è. Ðàá‹òà åñòü ðàá‹òà,<br />
Ðàá‹òà åñòü âñåãä‚! (Áóë‚ò Îêóäæ‚âà)<br />
æ. Äåøˆâëå íå áûâ‚åò!<br />
50. “To be” in the negative<br />
1. No one has anything. Make sentences as in the examples<br />
 ï‚áå íåò ï‰âà è íåò âèí‚.<br />
Ó ïðåïîäàâ‚òåëÿ íåò ó÷åíèê‹â.<br />
 ðåñòîð‚íå íåò ñâîá‹äíûõ ñò‹ëèêîâ.<br />
 êí‰æíîì ìàãàç‰íå íåò êíèã.<br />
 êîìïüƒòåðíîì ìàãàç‰íå íåò òâ¸ðäûõ ä‰ñêîâ.<br />
 îòäˆëå ìóæñê‹é îäˆæäû íåò áðƒê è íåò êîñòƒìîâ.<br />
 îòäˆëå ìµñà íåò ñîñ‰ñîê.<br />
 îòäˆëå îâîùˆé è ôð˜êòîâ íåò àïåëüñ‰íîâ.<br />
Íà çàïð‚âî÷íîé ñò‚íöèè íåò áåíç‰íà è íåò äèçò‹ïëèâà.<br />
 ñòðî‰òåëüíîì ìàãàç‰íå íåò êèðïè÷ˆé.<br />
59<br />
2. There was never enough of anything. Finish the sentences with the phrases below<br />
à. Ó ô‰ðìû íˆ áûëî äîñò‚òî÷íî ô‹íäîâ, ÷ò‹áû çàïëàò‰òü âñåì êðåäèò‹ðàì.<br />
á. Íà ïàðîõ‹äå íˆ áûëî äîñò‚òî÷íî ñïàñ‚òåëüíûõ ë‹äîê, ÷ò‹áû ñïàñò‰ âñåõ ïàññàæ‰ðîâ.<br />
â. Ó ìåíµ íˆ áûëî äîñò‚òî÷íî âðˆìåíè, ÷ò‹áû ïðî÷èò‚òü â‚øó êí‰ãó.<br />
ã. Ó Íˆëëè íˆ áûëî äîñò‚òî÷íî ñâ¸êëû, ÷ò‹áû ïðèãîò‹âèòü õîð‹øèé áîðù.<br />
ä.  øê‹ëå íˆ áûëî äîñò‚òî÷íî ìîëîä›õ ó÷èòåëˆé, ÷ò‹áû ñôîðìèðîâ‚òü ôóòá‹ëüíóþ êîì‚íäó.<br />
å. Ó øîô¸ðà íˆ áûëî äîñò‚òî÷íî áåíç‰íà, ÷ò‹áû äîˆõàòü äî àýðîï‹ðòà.<br />
æ. Ó ìèëèöèîíˆðà íˆ áûëî äîñò‚òî÷íî äîêàç‚òåëüñòâ, ÷ò‹áû àðåñòîâ‚òü äµäþ Ê‹ñòþ.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 51
51. “To have”<br />
60<br />
1. They all have something new for their work. Make up sentences as in the example<br />
Ïðîãðàìì‰ñò Ó ïðîãðàìì‰ñòà í‹âûé æ¸ñòêèé äèñê.<br />
à. Âîä‰òåëü Ó âîä‰òåëÿ í‹âîå òàêñ‰.<br />
á. Êèò‚éñêèé ë¸ò÷èê Ó êèò‚éñêîãî ë¸ò÷èêà í‹âûé ñàìîë¸ò.<br />
â. Ëåñîð˜á Ó ëåñîð˜áà í‹âàÿ áåíçîïèë‚.<br />
ã. Ïåíñèîíˆð Ó ïåíñèîíˆðà í‹âàÿ ïåíñè‹ííàÿ êí‰æêà.<br />
ä. Ïèñ‚òåëüíèöà Ó ïèñ‚òåëüíèöû í‹âûé êîíòð‚êò ñ èçä‚òåëüñòâîì.<br />
å. Ðûá‚ê Ó ðûáàê‚ í‹âûå ñˆòè.<br />
æ. Ñàä‹âíèê Ó ñàä‹âíèêà í‹âàÿ ëîï‚òà.<br />
ç. Óá‹ðùèöà Ó óá‹ðùèöû í‹âàÿ ù¸òêà.<br />
è. Ó÷‰òåëüíèöà Ó ó÷‰òåëüíèöû í‹âàÿ èíòåðàêò‰âíàÿ äîñê‚.<br />
ê. Ôˆðìåð Ó ôˆðìåðà í‹âûé òð‚êòîð.<br />
2. Finish the sentences with the phrases given without changing any endings<br />
à. ×òî âû èìˆåòå ïð‹òèâ íå¸?<br />
á. Åã‹ æåí‚ èìˆåò ä‚÷ó â Ñ‹÷è.<br />
â. Êâàäð‚ò èìˆåò ÷åò›ðå ñòîðîí›.<br />
ã. Í‹âûé ìàãàç‰í ï‹ëüçóåòñÿ áîëüø‰ì óñïˆõîì.<br />
ä. Æèð‚ô èìˆåò äë‰ííóþ øˆþ.<br />
å. Ìû íå èìˆåì íè÷åã‹ ‹áùåãî ñ í‰ìè.<br />
æ. Ìèí‰ñòð ôèí‚íñîâ ñêàç‚ë, ÷òî ìû èìˆåì äˆëî ñ ìèðîâ›ì êð‰çèñîì.<br />
52. Getting married, divorced, being born<br />
61<br />
1. Fill the gaps with words from the list. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. ˈíèí è Êð˜ïñêàÿ ïîæåí‰ëèñü â ññ›ëêå â 1897-îì ãîä˜.<br />
á. Ëåâ Òîëñò‹é æåí‰ëñÿ íà Ñ‹ôüå Àíäðˆåâíå Áåðñ 23-ãî ñåíòÿáðµ 1862-ãî ã‹äà.<br />
â. Áîð‰ñ Ïàñòåðí‚ê áûë æåí‚ò äâà ð‚çà.<br />
ã.  1831-îì ãîä˜ çà Ϙøêèíà â›øëà êðàñ‚âèöà Íàò‚ëüÿ Ãîí÷àð‹âà.<br />
ä. Íèêîë‚é Ëãîëü íˆ áûë æåí‚ò.<br />
å.  1867-îì ãîä˜ Ô¸äîð Äîñòîˆâñêèé æåí‰ëñÿ íà Àííå Ãðèã‹ðüåâíå Ñí‰òêèíîé,<br />
ñâîˆé ñòåíîãðàô‰ñòêå.<br />
æ. Åâãˆíèé Åâòóøˆíêî áûë îôèöè‚ëüíî æåí‚ò ÷åò›ðå ð‚çà.<br />
ψðâûé áðàê (1954 ã.) ñ èçâˆñòíîé ïîýòˆññîé Áˆëëîé Àõìàä˜ëèíîé.<br />
 1961-îì ãîä˜ æåí‰ëñÿ âòîð‰÷íî – íà Ãàë‰íå Ñ‹êîë-Ëóê‹íèíîé.<br />
 1978-îì ãîä˜ Åâòóøˆíêî æåí‰ëñÿ íà èðë‚íäêå Äæ‹àí Á‚òëåð.<br />
Ñ 1987-ãî ã‹äà æåí‚ò íà Ìàð‰è Âëàä‰ìèðîâíå Í‹âèêîâîé. Îò ¬òîãî áð‚êà<br />
ó íèõ äâ‹å ñûíîâˆé, Åâãˆíèé è Äì‰òðèé.<br />
52 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
53. Verbs for dying, being ill, etc.<br />
1. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use present or past tenses, or the infinitive, as<br />
appropriate<br />
à.  Àôðèêå ê‚æäûé äåíü ‹÷åíü ìí‹ãî äåòˆé óìèð‚åò îò ã‹ëîäà è áîëˆçíåé.<br />
á. Âñå ïàññàæ‰ðû ïîã‰áëè â êàòàñòð‹ôå.<br />
â. Ÿ îòˆö ˜ìåð äâà äíÿ íàç‚ä.<br />
ã. Ìû íå õîò‰ì óìåðˆòü.<br />
2. Fill the gaps with one of the verbs áîëˆòü. Use present tense endings<br />
à. Ó Íàò‚øè áîë‰ò ã‹ðëî.<br />
á. Ýòîò ïåíñèîíˆð áîëˆåò àðòð‰òîì óæå äˆñÿòü ëåò.<br />
â. Ñåðãˆé ÷˜âñòâóåò ñåáµ ïë‹õî. Ãîëîâ‚ áîë‰ò.<br />
ã. Ó Èâ‚íà áîë‰ò çóá.<br />
ä. Àííà ‹÷åíü ÷‚ñòî áîëˆåò.<br />
å. Òóð‰ñòû áîëˆþò ìåêñèê‚íñêèì ãð‰ïïîì.<br />
æ. Ïðè ïîñ‚äêå ñàìîë¸òà ó ìåíµ âñåãä‚ áîëµò ˜øè.<br />
ç. ß ÷˜âñòâóþ ñåáµ íîðì‚ëüíî. Íè÷åã‹ íå áîë‰ò.<br />
è. Íèêò‹ â í‚øåé øê‹ëå íå áîëˆåò.<br />
3. Fill the gaps with verbs from the list. Use present or past tenses as appropriate<br />
à. – Êàê‰å ð˜ññêèå áëƒäà âû ëƒáèòå?<br />
– ß ëþáëƒ áîðù è çåë¸íûå ùè.<br />
62<br />
á. – Êàê âàì ïîíð‚âèëñÿ â÷åð‚øíèé ñïåêò‚êëü?<br />
– Î÷åíü ïîíð‚âèëñÿ, ñïàñ‰áî.<br />
â. – Êàê˜þ ì˜çûêó âû ëƒáèòå?<br />
– Ђíüøå ÿ ëƒáèëà ïîï-ì˜çûêó, íî òåïˆðü ÿ á‹ëüøå ëþáëƒ äæàç.<br />
ã. Îí‰ ñë˜æàò âî ôë‹òå, ïîòîì˜ ÷òî ëƒáÿò ñâîƒ ð‹äèíó.<br />
ä. Ýòîò ÷åëîâˆê ìíå íå ïîíð‚âèëñÿ.<br />
èëè: Ýòîò ÷åëîâˆê ìíå íå íð‚âèòñÿ<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 53
63<br />
54. Reflexive verbs<br />
1. Choose verbs to fill the gaps. Add present tense endings<br />
à. Ìîµ æåí‚ âñåãä‚ îäåâ‚åòñÿ ‹÷åíü ì‹äíî.<br />
á. Âîëãîãð‚ä íàõîä‰òñÿ íà ‹ëãå.<br />
â. Ê‚æäûé äåíü ÿ ïðîñûï‚þñü â øåñòü ÷àñ‹â óòð‚.<br />
ã. Äèðˆêòîð ïîäíèì‚åòñÿ íà ë‰ôòå.<br />
ä. Àíò‹í íå áðˆåòüñÿ. Îí ñë‰øêîì ì‹ëîä.<br />
å. Ìû âîçâðàù‚åìñÿ íà ïàðîõ‹äå.<br />
æ. Ñïåêò‚êëü íà÷èí‚åòñÿ â ñåìü ÷àñ‹â âˆ÷åðà è êîí÷‚åòñÿ ï‹çäíî.<br />
2. Choose verbs to fill the gaps. Add past tense endings<br />
à. Èçâèí‰òå, ÿ âñòàë ï‹çäíî è íå ïîáð‰ëñÿ.<br />
á. Ĉòè êóï‚ëèñü â ‹çåðå.<br />
â. Îí‰ ïîçäîð‹âàëèñü è í‚÷àëè ñåðü¸çíûé ðàçãîâ‹ð.<br />
ã. Ñòåï‚í ïîññ‹ðèëñÿ ñî ñâîˆé æåí‹é è ñ å¸ áð‚òîì.<br />
ä. Îí âëþá‰ëñÿ â íå¸ â Ïàð‰æå.<br />
å. Îí ïðîñí˜ëñÿ â ÷àñ í‹÷è è ïîò‹ì íå ìîã çàñí˜òü.<br />
æ. Ðàá‹÷èå ñîáðàë‰ñü íà öåíòð‚ëüíîé ïë‹ùàäè ã‹ðîäà.<br />
ç. Âñ¸ õîðîø‹, ÷òî õîðîø‹ êîí÷‚åòñÿ.*<br />
3. Choose verbs to fill the gaps. Use past tense endings<br />
à. Íà âîïð‹ñ î ïîï-ì˜çûêå âñå ó÷åíèê‰ ï‹äíÿëè ð˜êó.<br />
á. Àíò‹í ïîäíµëñÿ íà òðèí‚äöàòûé ýò‚æ.<br />
â. Àííà âåðí˜ëàñü â Ìîñê☠ï‹ñëå îïåð‚öèè.<br />
ã. Ìîé îòˆö âåðí˜ë êí‰ãè â áèáëèîòˆêó.<br />
ä. Ê‚æäûé ãîä í‚øà êîì‚íäà çàíèì‚ëà ïˆðâîå ìˆñòî â ¬òîì ê‹íêóðñå.<br />
å. Ìîé äµäÿ íå çàíèì‚ëñÿ ñï‹ðòîì.<br />
æ. Îëüãà áåñïîê‹èëàñü î ñâ‚äüáå ñ›íà.<br />
ç. Ÿ ò‹æå áåñïîê‹èëè ïðîáëˆìû ñ äåíüã‚ìè.<br />
è. Ì‚øà ìûëàñü â â‚ííîé.<br />
ê. Èâ‚í ìûë ïîñ˜äó.<br />
ë. Êîíöˆðò ê‹í÷èëñÿ ãîñóä‚ðñòâåííûì ã‰ìíîì.<br />
ì. ˆðà è Ìàð‰íà ê‹í÷èëè ðàá‹òó â ñåìü òð‰äöàòü.<br />
4. Complete the translations<br />
à. Love for the Motherland begins with the family.<br />
á. On June 20th at 8pm the town’s summer discoteque will open.<br />
5. Fill in the gaps from the song excerpts<br />
64 à. Ј÷êà äâ‰æåòñÿ è íå äâ‰æåòñÿ,<br />
Âñÿ èç ë˜ííîãî ñåðåáð‚.<br />
ψñíÿ ñë›øèòñÿ è íå ñë›øèòñÿ<br />
 ¬òè ò‰õèå âå÷åð‚.<br />
(Ïîäìîñê‹âíûå âå÷åð‚)<br />
* There is an error in the exercise<br />
instruction. This well-known saying<br />
has to be in the present tense.<br />
á. Òû ÷òî ãðóñò‰øü, áðîäµãà? À íó-êà, óëûáí‰ñü!<br />
È êòî-òî ‹÷åíü áë‰çêèé òåሠòèõ‹íüêî ñê‚æåò:<br />
Êàê çä‹ðîâî, ÷òî âñå ìû çäåñü ñåã‹äíÿ ñîáðàë‰ñü!<br />
Îëˆã Ìèòµåâ.<br />
6. Fill in the gaps from the song excerpts, conjugating the verbs as necessary<br />
à. Òàì, ãäå Êðƒêîâ êàí‚ë è Ôîíò‚íêà-ðåê‚,<br />
Ñë‹âíî áðàò è ñåñòð‚, îáíèì‚þòñÿ,<br />
Îò çàð‰ äî çàð‰, ÷óòü çàæã˜ò ôîíàð‰,<br />
Âåðåí‰öåé ñòóäˆíòû øàò‚þòñÿ.<br />
Îíè â‹äî÷êó ïüþò, îí‰ ïˆñíè ïîƒò<br />
È åù¸ ê‹å-÷åì çàíèì‚þòñÿ!<br />
(èç ñòóäˆí÷åñêîé ïˆñíè)<br />
54 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
55. Imperatives<br />
1. Complete the translations of the notices and quotations<br />
à. Driver! Free up the left lane for special transport.<br />
á. Wait for me, and I’ll return. Just wait a lot! (C. Simonov)<br />
â. You want to feel well tomorow, but from us today !<br />
ã. Workers of the world, unite! (K. Marx)<br />
ä. Increase your future pension! Receive 12,000 roubles a year from the State!<br />
å. Watch your distance!<br />
æ. Don’t talk to me about him: Still the past is not forgotten! (From a popular song)<br />
2. Translate the notices from the walls of the former Soviet submarine base at Balaclava<br />
à. Don’t say everything you know, but always know what you say!<br />
á. Strictly keep the military and state secrets.<br />
3. Form imperatives to fill the gaps. Use the appropriate aspect<br />
à. Íå çàá˜äü î å¸ äíå ðîæäˆíèÿ!<br />
á. Ñêàæ‰ ìíå – ÷òî í‚äî äˆëàòü?<br />
â. Ãîâîð‰ ãð‹ì÷å. ß ïë‹õî ñë›øó.<br />
ã. Ïîêàæ‰ ìíå ¬òó ôîòîãð‚ôèþ.<br />
ä. Èä‰ áûñòðˆå. Ìû îï‚çäûâàåì.<br />
å. Ïîñë˜øàé! Êò‹-òî ñòó÷‰ò â äâåðü.<br />
æ. Ñë˜øàéòå âíèì‚òåëüíî, êîãä‚ ó÷‰òåëü ÷èò‚åò èíñòð˜êöèþ.<br />
ç. Îòêð‹é ìíå äâåðü, ïîæ‚ëóéñòà.<br />
è. Ä‚éòå ñä‚÷ó!<br />
ê. Âåðí‰òå ìíå ìî‰ êí‰ãè!<br />
ë. Íå ïëà÷ü, Ì‚øà! Îí ñê‹ðî âåðí¸òñÿ.<br />
ì. Íèêîãä‚ íå çàáûâ‚é, ÷òî îí òåáµ ëƒáèò.<br />
í. Íå òåðµé âðˆìÿ! Âðˆìÿ – äˆíüãè!<br />
66<br />
4. Match the text on the left to the images on the right<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 55
56. Verbs of motion<br />
1. Fill the gaps with appropriate infinitives<br />
à. Îí ñëîì‚ë í‹ãó. Îí íå ì‹æåò õîä‰òü.<br />
á. Ìû âñå õîò‰ì ñúˆçäèòü íà êîíöˆðò â ßëòó.<br />
â. ͉íà ëƒáèò ïë‚âàòü ïîä âîä‹é.<br />
ã. Ê‚æäóþ ñóáá‹òó ‚íÿ ïîìîã‚åò ì‚òåðè íîñ‰òü ïðîä˜êòû äîì‹é.<br />
ä. Íè÷åã‹ íå ïîäˆëàåøü. Ïðèä¸òñÿ ëåòˆòü â Òîìñê Àýðîôë‹òîì.<br />
å. Íèê‰òà íå óìˆåò âîä‰òü ìàø‰íó.<br />
æ. Í‚äî á›ëî ïîˆõàòü íà äðóã‹é ìàø‰íå.<br />
ç. Â÷åð‚ íˆ áûëî ïîåçä‹â. Åõàòü íà ä‚÷ó á›ëî íåâîçì‹æíî.<br />
è. Ôˆðìåð êóï‰ë ãðóçîâ‰ê, ÷ò‹áû âîç‰òü ïðîä˜êòû íà ð›íîê.<br />
ê. Òû ì‹æåøü ïîõîä‰òü íåìí‹æêî ïî ìàãàç‰íàì, ïîê‚ á˜äåøü æäàòü ìåíµ?<br />
ë. Íà òåððèò‹ðèè ìóçˆÿ çàïðåù‚åòñÿ ˆçäèòü íà âåëîñèïˆäàõ.<br />
67<br />
2. Fill the gaps with infinitives and complete the translation<br />
Óâàæ‚åìûå ïîñåò‰òåëè ìóçˆÿ-çàïîâˆäíèêà «Ïåòðîï‚âëîâñêàÿ êðˆïîñòü»!<br />
Íà òåððèò‹ðèè ìóçˆÿ çàïðåù‚åòñÿ:<br />
õîä‰òü ïî êð›øàì;<br />
ˆçäèòü íà âåëîñèïˆäàõ;<br />
õîä‰òü â êóï‚ëüíûõ êîñòƒìàõ.<br />
Dear visitors to the historical museum “The Peter and Paul Fortress. Within the territory<br />
of the museum it is forbidden:<br />
- to walk on the rooves;<br />
- to ride bicycles;<br />
- to go around in (wear) swimming costumes.<br />
3. Fill in the gaps with appropriate forms of the verbs given. If alternatives are<br />
possible, then be ready to explain them to your teacher.<br />
à. Ñìîòð‰! ‚íÿ èä¸ò!<br />
á. Êàê ÷‚ñòî Âû õ‹äèòå â ðåñòîð‚í «Õðàì Ëóí›»?<br />
â. ĉìà íå õîä‰ë â÷åð‚ â øê‹ëó.<br />
ã. Îí ïîø¸ë íà ðˆ÷êó ñåã‹äíÿ ˜òðîì è åù¸ íå âåðí˜ëñÿ.<br />
ä.  äˆòñòâå ÿ ˆçäèë íà ä‚÷ó ê‚æäîå ëˆòî.<br />
å.  òîò äåíü ìû ˆõàëè èç Óô› â ×åëµáèíñê. Á›ëî ‹÷åíü êðàñ‰âî.<br />
æ. Ï‚øà ïîˆäåò íà ä‚÷ó ñåã‹äíÿ ‰ëè íåò?<br />
ç. – Âû ÷‚ñòî ëåò‚åòå ñàìîë¸òàìè Àýðîôë‹òà?<br />
– Íåò. Ñåã‹äíÿ ÿ ëå÷˜ Àýðîôë‹òîì ïˆðâûé ðàç!<br />
è. Âåñí‹é ã˜ñè ëåòµò íà ñˆâåð.<br />
ê. Åã‹ íåò. Îí ïîëåòˆë â Ïàð‰æ íà íåäˆëþ.<br />
ë. Òåሠóæˆ øåñòí‚äöàòü ëåò?! Êàê âðˆìÿ ëåò‰ò!<br />
ì. – Ïî÷åì˜ òû áåæ‰øü? Åù¸ åñòü âðˆìÿ.<br />
– ß âñåãä‚ áˆãàþ.<br />
í. Ï‹ñëå êîíöˆðòà âñå äˆâóøêè ïîáåæ‚ëè çà ìóçûê‚íòàìè.<br />
î. Âîò Ò‚íÿ! Îí‚ íåñ¸ò ïèñüì‹ íà ï‹÷òó.<br />
Îí‚ í‹ñèò ï‰ñüìà íà ï‹÷òó ïî÷ò‰ ê‚æäûé äåíü.<br />
56 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
5. Choose verbs to fill the gaps. Add past tense endings<br />
à. Ì‚øà ïðèíåñë‚ òîðò íà âå÷åð‰íêó.<br />
á. Ìû ïðèˆõàëè äîì‹é â ï‹ëíî÷ü íà ïîñëˆäíåì àâò‹áóñå.<br />
â. Êîãä‚ îí â›øåë èç ê‹ìíàòû, îí ïîø¸ë ïðµìî ïî êîðèä‹ðó.<br />
ã. Ãðóçîâ‰ê ïåðåˆõàë ÷ˆðåç ìîñò è îñòàíîâ‰ëñÿ.<br />
ä. Ðîä‰òåëè äîâåë‰ ñ›íà äî êë‚ññíîé ê‹ìíàòû.<br />
å. Îí‰ ïåðåïë›ëè Áàëò‰éñêîå ì‹ðå íà ñîâðåìˆííîì ô‰íñêîì ë‚éíåðå.<br />
æ. Ïò‰öà â›ëåòåëà èç îêí‚.<br />
68<br />
6. Rewrite the same sentences using future perfective verbs<br />
à. Ì‚øà ïðèíåñ¸ò òîðò íà âå÷åð‰íêó.<br />
á. Ìû ïðèˆäåì äîì‹é â ï‹ëíî÷ü íà ïîñëˆäíåì àâò‹áóñå.<br />
â. Êîãä‚ îí â›éäåò èç ê‹ìíàòû, îí ïîéä¸ò ïðµìî ïî êîðèä‹ðó.<br />
ã. Ãðóçîâ‰ê ïåðåˆäåò ÷ˆðåç ìîñò è îñòàí‹âèòñÿ.<br />
ä. Ðîä‰òåëè äîâåä˜ò ñ›íà äî êë‚ññíîé ê‹ìíàòû.<br />
å. Îí‰ ïåðåïëûâ˜ò Áàëò‰éñêîå ì‹ðå íà ñîâðåìˆííîì ô‰íñêîì ë‚éíåðå.<br />
æ. Ïò‰öà â›ëåòèò èç îêí‚.<br />
7. Choose verbs to fill the gaps. Add past tense endings<br />
à. Ìû ïðîˆõàëè îñòàí‹âêó. Ðàçãîâ‹ð áûë ñë‰øêîì èíòåðˆñíûé.<br />
á. Ñîñˆäè ïðèøë‰ ê íåé íà äåíü ðîæäˆíèÿ.<br />
â. Èíîñòð‚íåö ïåðåø¸ë äîð‹ãó â ‹÷åíü îï‚ñíîì ìˆñòå.<br />
ã. ͉íà çàïë‚êàëà è â›áåæàëà èç ê‹ìíàòû.<br />
ä. Ìîé ñûí óˆõàë ðàá‹òàòü â Êèò‚é.<br />
å. Îí‰ âçµëè ìàø‰íó íàïðîê‚ò è îáúˆõàëè âñå ãîðîä‚ Çîëîò‹ãî êîëüö‚.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 57
57. The conditional<br />
69<br />
1. Fill the gaps with the appropriate verb, changing the endings as necessary<br />
à. ß áû äîá‚âèëà íåìí‹æêî ñ‹ëè.<br />
á. ß áû íàçâàë‚ ñâîƒ ä‹÷êó Ëàð‰ñîé.<br />
â. Ïðåçèäˆíò ñêàçàë, ÷òî îí áû èñï‹ëüçîâàë ‚òîìíóþ á‹ìáó.<br />
ã. Ìû áû ïîñîâˆòîâàëè âàì çàáð‚òü äˆíüãè èç á‚íêà.<br />
ä. ß áû çà òåáµ æèçíü îòäàë‚!<br />
å. Îí‚ áû êóï‰ëà í‹âûé «Ìåðñåäˆñ».<br />
æ. Îí áûë áû ðàä, â îã‹íü è â äûì,<br />
Çà âàñ ïîã‰áíóòü äâ‚æäû,<br />
Íî ïîòåø‚ëèñü âû íàä íèì –<br />
Âåäü, áûë ñîëä‚ò áóì‚æíûé.<br />
(Á. Îêóäæ‚âà. ψñåíêà î áóì‚æíîì ñîëä‚òå)<br />
2. Fill the gaps with the appropriate verb<br />
à. Åñëè áû ìû ïîñë˜øàëè ïðîãí‹ç ïîã‹äû, ìû íå ïëàí‰ðîâàëè áû ïèêí‰ê.<br />
á. ß íå ïðèø¸ë áû íà âˆ÷åð, ˆñëè áû ÿ çíàë, ÷òî òû òàì á˜äåøü.<br />
â. Åñëè áû òû êóï‰ë áèëˆò, òåáµ áû íå îøòðàôîâ‚ëè.<br />
ã. Åñëè áû òû îáðàù‚ë âíèì‚íèå íà ñîâˆòû ó÷‰òåëÿ, òû<br />
ñäàë áû ýêç‚ìåí íà ïÿòü.<br />
ä. Åñëè áû îí‚ íå â›øëà çà íåã‹, îí‚ â›øëà áû çà äðóã‹ãî.<br />
å. Îíà òðˆáóåò, ÷ò‹áû ä‹÷êà æèë‚ ñ íåé.<br />
æ. «ß áû õîòˆë, ÷ò‹áû ïî ˜ëèöàì ðîññ‰éñêèõ ãîðîä‹â ˆçäèëî êàê ì‹æíî<br />
á‹ëüøå âåëîñèïåä‰ñòîâ». (Ä. Ìåäâˆäåâ. 30.04.2010)<br />
58 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
58. Verbs. The passive voice<br />
1. Finish the sentences with phrases from below without changing any endings<br />
à. Èãîðÿ íàçí‚÷èëè äèðˆêòîðîì çàâ‹äà.<br />
á. Öàðµ è åã‹ ñåìüƒ óá‰ëè â Åêàòåðèíá˜ðãå.<br />
â. Ì‚ëü÷èêà íàøë‰ â åã‹ ñï‚ëüíå.<br />
ã. Ĉëî ñäˆëàíî.<br />
ä. Ðåçóëüò‚òû ê‹íêóðñà á˜äóò îáúµâëåíû â êîíöˆ íåäˆëè.<br />
å. Ïðîãð‚ììà áûë‚ ïîê‚çàíà ïî ÷åòâ¸ðòîìó êàí‚ëó.<br />
æ. Åã‹ ðîì‚í áûë ‰çäàí ï‹ñëå åã‹ ñìˆðòè.<br />
ç. Ÿ â›áðàëè ì¬ðîì ã‹ðîäà ï‹ñëå ä‹ëãîé êàìï‚íèè.<br />
70<br />
2. What is done where? Fill in the gaps, changing the endings if necessary<br />
à.  Äîíá‚ññå äîáûâ‚þò ˜ãîëü.<br />
á. Íà Ñàõàë‰íå íàøë‰ íåôòü.<br />
â.  ã‹ðîäå Òîëüµòòè äˆëàþò ìàø‰íó «Æèãó뉻.<br />
ã.  ͉æíåì Í‹âãîðîäå äˆëàþò ìàø‰íó «Â‹ëãà».<br />
ä.  Óêðà‰íå âûð‚ùèâàþò ‹÷åíü ìí‹ãî ïøåí‰öû.<br />
å.  ñˆâåðíîé Àòë‚íòèêå ë‹âÿò òðåñê˜.<br />
æ. Â Áàéê‚ëå ë‹âÿò ‹ìóëÿ.<br />
3. Complete the text from the photos below and on the previous page<br />
à. Ðåêë‚ìíîå ìˆñòî ñäà¸òñÿ.<br />
á. Óâàæ‚åìûé âëàäˆëåö ìàø‰íû! Áîëüø‚ÿ ïð‹ñüáà óáð‚òü ñâîƒ ìàø‰íó îò çä‚íèÿ<br />
èíñòèò˜òà.  ïðîò‰âíîì ñë˜÷àå îí‚ á˜äåò ýâàêó‰ðîâàíà.<br />
â. Ìîñê‹âñêèé þâåë‰ðíûé çàâ‹ä, îñí‹âàí â 1920 ãîä˜.<br />
ã. Òðˆáóåòñÿ ïðîäàâˆö.<br />
ä. Ïðîäà¸òñÿ ìàø‰íà.<br />
å. Íèêò‹ íå çàá›ò. Íè÷ò‹ íå çàá›òî.<br />
æ. Áëàãîâˆùåíñêèé ìîñò ðàçâ‹äèòñÿ.<br />
ç. Ñò‚íöèÿ «Êîìñîì‹ëüñêàÿ» îòêð›òà 30 ÿíâàðµ 1952 ã‹äà.<br />
è. Ïðîõ‹ä çàêð›ò. Âåä˜òñÿ ñòðî‰òåëüíûå ðàá‹òû.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 59
59. Verbs. Reported speech and sequence of tenses<br />
1. Finish the sentences with the verbs given<br />
à. Ìû çàá›ëè, ÷òî ñëˆäóþùèé äåíü á˜äåò âûõîäí›ì.<br />
á.  äåâÿí‹ñòûå ã‹äû íèêò‹ íå ä˜ìàë, ÷òî Ϙòèí ñò‚íåò Ïðåçèäˆíòîì.<br />
â. Íåñìîòðµ íà åã‹ ìîë÷‚íèå, ÿ ÷˜âñòâîâàë, ÷òî îí âñ¸ ïîíèì‚åò.<br />
ã. Áóõã‚ëòåð ñîîáù‰ë äèðˆêòîðó, ÷òî äˆíüãè ê‹í÷èëèñü.<br />
ä. Äèðˆêòîð íàïèñ‚ë â ãàçˆòó ïèñüì‹ î òîì, ÷òî çàâ‹ä íå çàêð‹åòñÿ.<br />
å. Æóðíàë‰ñò ñïðîñ‰ë î òîì, ê˜ïÿò ëè çàâ‹ä êèò‚éöû.<br />
æ. ß ïîçâîí‰ë Àííå ñåã‹äíÿ ˜òðîì. Îíà ñêàç‚ëà, ÷òî ñåã‹äíÿ îí‚ ëåò‰ò<br />
â Ìîñêâ˜, à ç‚âòðà ïîëåò‰ò ä‚ëüøå, â Ìàãàä‚í.<br />
ç. Àíäðåé ñë›øàë ïðîãí‹ç ïîã‹äû î òîì, ÷òî ç‚âòðà ïîõîëîä‚åò.<br />
è. ß íå çíàë, ÷òî òû îòäûõ‚åøü íà Àëò‚å.<br />
ê. Îí‚ ñêàç‚ëà, ÷òî ÿ ïîòåðµë å¸ ò¸ìíûå î÷ê‰.<br />
ë. Êîãä‚ îí‰ ðàññòàâ‚ëèñü, îí‰ çí‚ëè, ÷òî á‹ëüøå íå óâ‰äÿòñÿ.<br />
71<br />
2. Finish the sentences with the verbs given<br />
à. ß áûë‚ óâˆðåíà, ÷òî îí á›ñòðî ðåø‰ò ïðîáëˆìó.<br />
á. Îí çíàë, ÷òî ˆñëè ñê‚æåò ïð‚âäó, òî ïîë˜÷èò øòðàô.<br />
â. Òðˆíåð íå ñêàçàë, êòî á˜äåò â êîì‚íäå.<br />
ã. Âàä‰ì ñë›øàë ïðîãí‹ç ïîã‹äû î òîì, ÷òî ç‚âòðà ïîòåïëˆåò.<br />
ä. Îí ñïðîñ‰ë, õîò‰ì ëè ìû ïîˆõàòü íà ì‹ðå.<br />
å. Ðåïîðò¸ð ç‚äàë âîïð‹ñ î òîì, çà êîã‹ ÿ ïðîãîëîñîâ‚ëà.<br />
æ. ß îòâˆòèëà, ÷òî ñêàæ˜ åì˜ ï‹ñëå ðåçóëüò‚òîâ â›áîðîâ.<br />
3. Answer the questions using the information in brackets<br />
Î ÷¸ì ñïðîñ‰ë ̉øà?<br />
(Âû ˆäåòå íà ôåñòèâ‚ëü?)<br />
Ìèøà ñïðîñ‰ë, ˆäåì ëè ìû íà ôåñòèâ‚ëü.<br />
à. ×òî õ‹÷åò óçí‚òü ˆðà? (Âû ïð‹äàëè êâàðò‰ðó?)<br />
ˆðà õ‹÷åò óçí‚òü, ïð‹äàëè ëè ìû êâàðò‰ðó.<br />
á. Î ÷¸ì ñïðîñ‰ëà Èð‰íà? (Òû ïîˆäåøü â Ïàð‰æ?)<br />
Èð‰íà ñïðîñ‰ëà î òîì, ïîˆäó ëè ÿ â Ïàð‰æ.<br />
â. Î ÷¸ì ñïðîñ‰ë ó÷‰òåëü? (Òû ï‹íÿë óð‹ê?)<br />
Ó÷‰òåëü ñïðîñ‰ë î òîì, ï‹íÿë ëè ÿ óð‹ê.<br />
ã. ×òî õîòˆë óçí‚òü òóð‰ñò? (Áàð îòêð›ò?)<br />
Òóð‰ñò õîòˆë óçí‚òü, îòêð›ò ëè áàð.<br />
60 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
60. Participles. Introduction<br />
1. Complete the translations of the participles<br />
à. A working mother must be sure that her child is in reliable hands.<br />
á. An ex-KGB employee living in Canada attempts to avoid deportation to Russia.<br />
â. At the circus we saw a dancing bear.<br />
ã. This textbook is for English-speaking students.<br />
ä. Tom Hanks is playing the leading role in the film.<br />
å. In Mexico a journalist who wrote about the drug mafia has been brutally killed.<br />
æ. We met the singer who took first place in the competition.<br />
ç. The price of coal exported from Russia went down by six per cent.<br />
è. On the 8th March in Saratov the circulation of tram number 9 was stopped due to a Lexus<br />
car left / abandoned right on the rails.<br />
ê. We only buy goods made in China.<br />
ë. All the lights are turned off and all the windows are closed.<br />
ì. It is not out of the question / impossible that the factory will be closed this summer.<br />
í. Long live March 8th, day of international solidarity of working women in the struggle for<br />
peace and democracy!<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 61
61. Active participles<br />
1. Replace the present participles with relative clauses using êîò‹ðûé<br />
à. ×åëîâˆê, êîò‹ðûé æèâ¸ò îä‰í, ì‹æåò èíîãä‚ ðàçãîâ‚ðèâàòü ñ ìˆáåëüþ.<br />
á. Øê‹ëüíèêè, êîò‹ðûå ó÷‚ñòâóþò â ê‹íêóðñå, çí‚þò ñòèõîòâîðˆíèå íàèç˜ñòü.<br />
â. Îí âûõ‹äèò èç ä‹ìèêà, êîò‹ðûé íàõ‹äèòñÿ íà êðàƒ ëˆñà.<br />
ã. Ì‚øà íå óçí‚ëà ñòàðèê‚, êîò‹ðûé ø¸ë åé íàâñòðˆ÷ó.<br />
ä. Îí ï‰øåò âñåì êîëëˆãàì, êîò‹ðûå ðàá‹òàþò â Љãå.<br />
å. Ìû âñòðˆòèëè ìóçûê‚íòîâ, êîò‹ðûå ó÷‚ñòâóþò â êîíöˆðòå.<br />
2. Replace the past participles with relative clauses using êîòîðûé<br />
à. Ýòî øîô¸ð, êîò‹ðûé íàõîä‰ëñÿ çà ðóë¸ì â ìîìˆíò àâ‚ðèè.<br />
á. Ïðåçèäˆíò ïîïðîù‚ëñÿ ñ îôèöè‚ëüíûìè ë‰öàìè, êîò‹ðûå âñòðå÷‚ëè åã‹.<br />
â. Ìû çí‚ëè æóðíàë‰ñòà, êîò‹ðûé íàïèñ‚ë ñòàòüƒ î äåìîêð‚òèè.<br />
ã. Îí ïîâåðí˜ëñÿ ê æˆíùèíå, êîò‹ðàÿ ñòîµëà ðµäîì ñ íèì.<br />
ä. Ìèí‰ñòðû, êîò‹ðûå ïîäïèñ‚ëè ñîãëàøˆíèå, ä‚ëè ïðåññ-êîíôåðˆíöèþ.<br />
å. Áàíê‰ð, êîò‹ðûé êóï‰ë ñîìí‰òåëüíûå ‚êöèè, îáàíêð‹òèëñÿ.<br />
æ. Áàíê‰ð, êîò‹ðûé îáàíêð‹òèëñÿ, æèâ¸ò â áîëüø‹ì ä‹ìå íà ʉïðå.<br />
ç. Äèðˆêòîð ðàññåðä‰ëñÿ íà êóðüˆðà, êîò‹ðûé îïîçä‚ë ñ ïàêˆòîì.<br />
è. Ïðîôˆññîð ïîáëàãîäàð‰ë ñòóäˆíòîâ, , êîò‹ðûå ïðèíèì‚ëè ó÷‚ñòèå â ñåìèí‚ðå.<br />
ê. ˸ò÷èê, êîò‹ðûé ñîâåðø‰ë ï‹äâèãè â Âåë‰êîé Îòˆ÷åñòâåííîé âîéíˆ, æèë â ¬òîì<br />
ä‹ìå.<br />
72<br />
3. Choose participles to fill the gaps, using the appropriate agreement<br />
à. Òóð‰ñò, ïîòåðµâøèé ï‚ñïîðò è äˆíüãè, ‰ùåò äîð‹ãó â ïîñ‹ëüñòâî.<br />
á. ß íå óçí‚ëà âåðí˜âøåãîñÿ ñ›íà.<br />
â. Ïðåçèäˆíò íå õîòˆë âñòðå÷‚òüñÿ ñ ñîëä‚òàìè, ïîëó÷‰âøèìè ñåðü¸çíûå ðàíˆíèÿ<br />
â ×å÷íˆ.<br />
ã. Ìîëîä‚ÿ æˆíùèíà, ñòîµâøàÿ ‹êîëî ä‹ìà, óæå äàâí‹ óøë‚.<br />
ä. Ìàð‰ÿ ñîïðîâîæä‚ëà òóð‰ñòîâ, ïðèëåòˆâøèõ â Øåðåìˆòüåâî ïîçàâ÷åð‚.<br />
å. Âñåì ñòóäˆíòàì, ïðîøˆäøèì íàø êóðñ, âûäàƒòñÿ ñåðòèôèê‚òû.<br />
4. Form participles to fill the gaps, using the appropriate agreement<br />
à. Ñèòó‚öèÿ â Èð‚íå âûçûâ‚åò ðàñò˜ùåå áåñïîê‹éñòâî.<br />
á. Ìû íå âñòðå÷‚ëè ëèö, çàíèì‚þùèõ â‚æíóþ ïîç‰öèþ â ì¬ðèè.<br />
â. Ýòî ó÷ˆáíèê äëÿ èíîñòð‚íöåâ, èçó÷‚þùèõ ð˜ññêèé ÿç›ê.<br />
ã. Èù˜ ÷åëîâˆêà, ˆäóùåãî â Ïåê‰í.<br />
ä. Îí‰ õîòˆëè í‹ìåð ñ îêí‹ì, âûõîäµùèì â ñàä.<br />
å. ß ï‹ìíþ ì‚ëü÷èêà ñî ñìåƒùèìèñÿ ãëàç‚ìè.<br />
æ. Ïîçäðàâëµþ âàñ ñ íàñòóï‚þùèì Í‹âûì ã‹äîì!<br />
ç. Òû â‰äåë áàëˆò «Ñïµùàÿ êðàñ‚âèöà»?<br />
5. Ñomplete the translations<br />
à. Places for people sitting : 56. Places for people standing : 16<br />
á. Wanted for work: waiters (men). Only with work experience, able and willing to work.<br />
â. Enrolment of students for art classes 8, 9, 10 and 11.<br />
62 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
62, 63. Passive participles<br />
1. Fill the gaps with participles from the list. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Îí‚ ÷èò‚ëà êí‰ãó, ëþá‰ìóþ âñˆìè äˆâî÷êàìè å¸ â‹çðàñòà.<br />
á. Òîâ‚ðèù ìèëèöèîíˆð, èçâèí‰òå ìåíµ. ß íå çíàë, êàê‚ÿ çäåñü<br />
ðåêîìåíä˜åìàÿ ñê‹ðîñòü.<br />
â. Þð‰ñò íàâåñò‰ë îáâèíµåìîãî / îáâèíµåìóþ / îáâèíµåìûõ â òþðüìˆ.<br />
ã. Ýòî á›ëî íåçàáûâ‚åìîå âðˆìÿ.<br />
ä. Æåí‰õ è íåâˆñòà ïðèñë‚ëè âñåì ãîñòµì ñï‰ñîê æåë‚åìûõ ïîä‚ðêîâ.<br />
å. Áàíê‰ðû ãîâîð‰ëè î òàê íàçûâ‚åìîì ôèí‚íñîâîì êð‰çèñå.<br />
2. Fill the gaps with present passive participles formed from the verbs given<br />
à. Ìîµ ñòàòüµ, ïóáëèê˜åìàÿ â ñåã‹äíÿøíåé ãàçˆòå, ãîâîð‰ò î íåäîñò‚òêàõ<br />
ãîðîäñê‹ãî òð‚íñïîðòà.<br />
á. Îí‚ ‰ùåò ë˜÷øå îïë‚÷èâàåìóþ ðàá‹òó.<br />
â. Ìàø‰íû, ïðîèçâîä‰ìûå â ßï‹íèè, èìˆþò ñ‚ìóþ í‹âóþ ýëåêòð‹íèêó.<br />
ã. Í‚øà ô‰ðìà íå èìˆåò æåë‚åìîãî ‰ìèäæà.<br />
ä. Ýòî ïðåñò‰æíîå ìˆñòî, ïîñåù‚åìîå ò‹ëüêî ‹÷åíü áîã‚òûìè ëþäüì‰.<br />
å. Ìû æèâ¸ì â äåðˆâíå, îï‰ñûâàåìîé â åã‹ ðàññê‚çå.<br />
æ. Ĉíüãè, ïåðåâîä‰ìûå èç ôðàíö˜çñêèõ á‚íêîâ, ‹÷åíü ÷‚ñòî çàäˆðæèâàþòñÿ.<br />
3. Fill the gaps with short form passive participles formed from the verbs given<br />
à. Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðá˜ðã áûë îñí‹âàí Ïåòð‹ì ψðâûì â 1703-åì ãîäó.<br />
á. Óæˆ ï‹çäíî. Á‚íêè â ã‹ðîäå çàêð›òû.<br />
â. Ï‹ñëå âçð›âà âñå ‹êíà åã‹ êâàðò‰ðû á›ëè ðàçá‰òû.<br />
ã. Îëüãà Ãðèã‹ðüåâíà áûë‚ ‰çáðàíà ïðåäñåä‚òåëåì êîìèòˆòà.<br />
ä. Ìû á›ëè óäèâëåí› ðåçóëüò‚òàìè îïð‹ñà.<br />
å. Ĉëî ñäˆëàíî. Ì‹æíî èäò‰ äîì‹é.<br />
æ. Ïàññàæ‰ðû òåïëîõ‹äà á›ëè ñïàñåí›, íåñìîòðµ íà ïëîõ˜þ ïîã‹äó.<br />
ç. Âàø ñ÷¸ò óæˆ îïë‚÷åí.<br />
è. Ê‹í÷åí áàë, ïîã‚ñëè ñâˆ÷è.<br />
ê. Êóï‚òüñÿ â ‹çåðå çàïðåùåí‹.<br />
73<br />
4. Complete the translations<br />
à. Those suspected in the Yamadayev case are named.<br />
á. Awards were presented.<br />
â. He who has died but is not forgotten, he is immortal.<br />
ã. Made in Russia.<br />
ä. Attention! The movement of traffic through Old Square is prohibited.<br />
5. Translate the notices<br />
à. Entry into the baths in a non-sober (= drunken) condition is prohibited.<br />
á. The parking of vehicles opposite the gates is prohibited.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 63
6. Fill the gaps with participles from the list. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Îòˆ÷åñòâåííàÿ ìàø‰íà - ¬òî ìàø‰íà, ñäˆëàííàÿ â Ðîññ‰éñêîé<br />
Ôåäåð‚öèè.<br />
á. Ìû íå óñïˆëè ñîñ÷èò‚òü óá‰òûõ ñîëä‚ò.<br />
â. Îí‚ èñê‚ëà ñ˜ìêó, ïîòˆðÿííóþ ïîçàâ÷åð‚.<br />
ã. Îí‰ ïðîäàƒò èíîì‚ðêè, ïðèñïîñ‹áëåííûå äëÿ ðîññ‰éñêèõ àâòîäîð‹ã.<br />
ä. Îí íå ï‹íÿë èíñòð˜êöèþ, ïåðåâåä¸ííóþ ñ êèò‚éñêîãî.<br />
å. Òàì‹æåííèêè íàøë‰ çàïðåù¸ííûé ïðåïàð‚ò ó íåã‹ â ÷åìîä‚íå.<br />
æ. Í‚äî ñäˆëàòü àí‚ëèç ïîë˜÷åííîé èíôîðì‚öèè.<br />
ç. Êîìèòˆò îáñóä‰ë ïðîáëˆìû, ñâµçàííûå ñ ãîðîäñê‰ì òð‚íñïîðòîì.<br />
è. Íàì ïîêàç‚ëè óíèê‚ëüíûå ôîòîãð‚ôèè, ñíµòûå ñêð›òîé ê‚ìåðîé.<br />
7. Fill the gaps with negative adjectives from the list. Change the endings as necessary<br />
à. Ìû íå íàìˆðåíû ïëàò‰òü çà íåïîë˜÷åííûé òîâ‚ð.<br />
á.  ãîñò‰íèöå åñòü íîìåð‚ äëÿ íåêóðµùèõ?<br />
â. Ýòî á›ëî íåçàáûâ‚åìîå âðˆìÿ.<br />
ã. ×òî ë˜÷øå – àá‹ðò ‰ëè íåæåë‚ííûé ðåá¸íîê?<br />
ä.  Óçáåêèñò‚íå ì‚ëî íåçàâ‰ñèìûõ æóðíàë‰ñòîâ.<br />
å. Ìîé îòˆö íåïüƒùèé. Íàëèâ‚é åì˜ êâ‚ñà.<br />
æ.  ‚âãóñòå 2010 ã. â ç‚ïàäíîé Ðîññ‰è æàð‚ áûë‚ íåâûíîñ‰ìàÿ.<br />
ç. Ýòî áûë‚ íåïåðåâîä‰ìàÿ èãð‚ ñëîâ. Ïåðåâ‹ä÷èê íå ñìîã ïåðåâåñò‰ å¸<br />
íà ð˜ññêèé.<br />
è. Ñîƒç íåðóø‰ìûé ðåñï˜áëèê ñâîá‹äíûõ<br />
Ñïëîò‰ëà íàâˆêè âåë‰êàÿ Ðóñü!<br />
Äà çäð‚âñòâóåò ñ‹çäàííûé â‹ëåé íàð‹äîâ<br />
Åä‰íûé, ìîã˜÷èé Ñîâˆòñêèé Ñîƒç!<br />
(èç ã‰ìíà á›âøåãî ÑÑÑÐ)<br />
64 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
64. Gerunds<br />
1. Complete the translations of the gerunds<br />
à. Turning off the television and the light, Yuri went to bed.<br />
á. As she works a long way from home, Marina spends three hours every day in the metro.<br />
â. Having drunk their tea, they started work.<br />
ã. He walked through the town not recognising the streets.<br />
ä. Not wanting to change their song “We Don’t Wanna Put In”, in which the name<br />
“Putin” can be heard , Georgia declined from taking part in Eurovision 2009 in Moscow.<br />
å. Having lived for three years in Magadan, Vasya wanted to return to Moscow.<br />
æ. Not able to hold back, Masha burst into tears.<br />
ç. At the parade, everyone wore a ribbon of St. George, showing their respect for the veterans.<br />
è. Looking at himself in the mirror, Igor thought that it wasn’t worth going to the meeting.<br />
ê. By saving one soul, you save the whole Universe.<br />
ë. Any American schoolchild knows that America won the war, thus saving the whole world.<br />
ì. Respected clients! Check your money without going away from / before going away from<br />
the cash desk.<br />
2. Gerunds in songs and poetry. Complete the translations<br />
à. The torment of my loving is dear to me -<br />
Let me die, but let me die loving (in love)!<br />
(A.S. Pushkin, 1816)<br />
á. How many nice girls there are!<br />
How many sweet names!<br />
But only one of them bothers (you),<br />
Taking away your peace and sleep,<br />
When (you are) in love.<br />
(Song from the film “Happy lads", 1934.)<br />
ä. I asked you to come for a date,<br />
Dreamt about meeting, as always.<br />
You smiled, got a bit confused,<br />
Said: Yes, yes, yes, yes!<br />
(“An unsuccesful date”. Song from the 1930s.<br />
Words by B. Timofeyev)<br />
75<br />
å. Pressing / tucking his black nose against the glass,<br />
the dog waits and waits for someone.<br />
(Ye. Yevtushenko. “To my dog”, 1958)<br />
â. The man looks from the threshold<br />
Not recognising the house.<br />
Her leaving was like an evacuation,<br />
Everywhere the traces of havoc.<br />
(Boris Pasternak, 1954)<br />
ã. And not allowing the darkness of the night<br />
Onto the golden skies,<br />
One dawn hurries to follow the other,<br />
Having given half an hour to the night.<br />
(A.S. Pushkin, “The Bronze Horseman”, 1833)<br />
æ. There is rain in our town.<br />
It is raining day and night.<br />
You are not waiting, not waiting for my words.<br />
I love you in silence / silently.<br />
(Ye. Yevtushenko. “There is rain in the town”)<br />
ç. Why, my dear,<br />
Are you looking sideways,<br />
Bending your head low?<br />
(“Moscow Nights” - popular song)<br />
è. Let us understand each other with half a word,<br />
So that, having made a mistake once, we won’t make a / (the same) mistake again.<br />
Let us live, indulging each other in everything,<br />
All the more as life is so short.<br />
(Bulat Okudzhava. For Yuri Trifonov, 1975)<br />
3. Complete the translations<br />
à. By serving the law, we serve the people.<br />
á. By buying “First Choice” (dog) food, you are helping homeless animals.<br />
â. When you are on the platform, don’t leave children unsupervised.<br />
ã. Reading Moscow. / Moscow reading.<br />
ä. Do not forget, when starting out on your journey, to fasten your safety belt.<br />
e. Keeping / Preserving the traditions.<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 65
65. Conjunctions: è, à, íî and ‰ëè<br />
1. Fill the gaps using è, à, or íî<br />
à. – Ýòî Ò‚íÿ?<br />
– Äà, À êòî ó òåëåô‹íà?<br />
á. Îí ñòàð‰ê, íî ‹÷åíü ýíåðã‰÷íûé.<br />
â. Îí‚ ìîëîä‚ÿ è ýíåðã‰÷íàÿ.<br />
ã. Ì‚øà ãîâîð‰ò ïî-ôðàíöç˜ñêè è ïî-èñï‚íñêè.<br />
ä. Àíò‹í ˆäåò â Ìîñêâ˜, à ïîò‹ì â Âîëãîãð‚ä.<br />
å. Îí ˆäåò ï‹åçäîì, íî íå ÷ˆðåç Ñàì‚ðó.<br />
æ. Îí ˆäåò ï‹åçäîì, à ÿ õî÷˜ ïîëåòˆòü.<br />
ç. Ìû âñòðˆòèìñÿ è â Ìîñêâˆ, è â Âîëãîãð‚äå.<br />
è. Îí ëƒáèò Ì‚øó, íî íå õ‹÷åò âñòðˆòèòüñÿ ñ å¸ ì‚ìîé.<br />
ê. ß ò‹æå õî÷˜ ïîˆõàòü, íî ýòî ‹÷åíü äàëåê‹.<br />
76<br />
2. Fill the gaps using ‰ëè or ‰ëè ..., ‰ëè ... or íè ..., íè ...<br />
à. Ýòî àóäèîä‰ñê ‰ëè âèäåîä‰ñê?<br />
á. Îí íå çàêàç‚ë íè ê‹ôå, íè ÷‚ÿ.<br />
â. ß ïðàâ‚ ‰ëè íåò?<br />
ã. Ìû ïîˆäåì ‰ëè â Ãðˆöèþ, ‰ëè â Ò˜ðöèþ.<br />
ä. Ýòî íå áåñïîê‹èò íè ìåíµ, íè å¸.<br />
å. Êòî ãë‚âíûé, Ìåäâˆäåâ ‰ëè Ϙòèí?<br />
æ. Ëðîä íàø ‰ëè íåò?<br />
66. Conjunctions: ÷òî, êàê, etc.<br />
1. Fill the gaps with one of the conjunctions<br />
à. ß íå õî÷˜, ÷ò‹áû îí çâîí‰ë Àíò‹íó.<br />
á. Ðàññêàæ‰òå î òîì, êàêâû âñòðˆòèëèñü.<br />
â. Ìû íå çí‚åì, ãäå îí‰ æèâ˜ò.<br />
ã. ͉íà íå çí‚åò, ÷òî òû çäåñü.<br />
ä. ß ïðèøëƒ âàì ýñýìˆñêó, êîãä‚ òàêñ‰ ïîäúˆäåò.<br />
å. Îí‚ ïîïðîñ‰ëà, ÷ò‹áû ñë˜øàëè å¸ äî êîíö‚.<br />
æ. Ìû ñë˜øàëè, êàê îí‚ ïˆëà Ãèìí Îòˆ÷åñòâà.<br />
ç. ß íå ìî㘠çàáûòü, ÷òî ¬òî íå ìîµ êâàðò‰ðà.<br />
è. Âû íå çí‚åòå, êîãä‚ ñå‚íñ ê‹í÷èòñÿ?<br />
77<br />
2. Complete the sentences with phrases from the box<br />
à. Îí èçâˆñòåí òåì, ÷òî íàïèñ‚ë íˆñêîëüêî ðîì‚íîâ.<br />
á. Ôèëüì ê‹í÷èëñÿ òåì, ÷òî ãåð‹é ñïàñ ïëàíˆòó.<br />
â. Ì‚ëü÷èêîâ íàêàç‚ëè çà òî, ÷òî îí‰ îïîçä‚ëè íà ˜ðîê.<br />
ã. ‹âà, ñêàæ‰ ñïàñ‰áî äµäå çà òî, ÷òî îí êóï‰ë òåሠìîð‹æåíîå.<br />
ä. ß õî÷˜ ïîçäð‚âèòü ìî‰õ ñòóäˆíòîâ ñ òåì, ÷òî îí‰ âñå ïîëó÷‰ëè ò‹ëüêî ïÿò¸ðêè.<br />
å. Ï‹âàðà îáâèí‰ëè â òîì, ÷òî â ñ˜ïå ïë‚âàåò ì˜õà.<br />
78<br />
67, 68. More conjunctions<br />
1. Fill the gaps with one of the conjunctions given. Some may be used twice<br />
à. Äî òîã‹, êàê Âîë‹äÿ ïîëó÷‰ë îòêð›òêó, îí íå çíàë, ÷òî òû ïîˆõàëà â Ò˜ðöèþ.<br />
á. Ñîâˆòñêèå ò‚íêè ïðèøë‰ µêîáû íà ï‹ìîùü ÷ˆõàì.<br />
â. Ñ òåõ ïîð, êàê îí çí‚åò Âàëåíò‰íó, îí ê‚æäûé äåíü íàäåâ‚åò ÷‰ñòóþ ðóá‚øêó.<br />
ã. Èç-çà òîã‹, ÷òî íˆ áûëî áåíç‰íà, ìû äîëæí› á›ëè îñò‚òüñÿ òàì.<br />
ä. Ýòîò í‹âûé çàê‹í µêîáû çàùèù‚åò ïåíñèîíˆðîâ.<br />
å. Ĉâóøêè âûáåæ‚ëè èç ä‹ìà, êàê á˜äòî òàì áûë ñàòàí‚.<br />
æ. Ìû íå ëƒáèì èõ, ïîòîì˜ ÷òî îí‰ íàñ ïîñòîµííî êðèòèê˜þò.<br />
ç. ˃äà ñèäˆëà ó êðîâ‚òè, ïîê‚ Ðóñë‚í íå çàñí˜ë.<br />
è. Ïîê‚ çåìëµ åù¸ âˆðòèòñÿ,<br />
Ïîê‚ åù¸ µðîê ñâåò,<br />
Ëñïîäè, äàé æå Òû ê‚æäîìó,<br />
×åã‹ ó íåã‹ íåò ... (Á. Îêóäæ‚âà)<br />
66 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
69. Particles<br />
1. Choose particles to fill the gaps<br />
à. Ìèõà‰ë çàðàá‚òûâàåò ïî÷ò‰ ñòî ò›ñÿ÷ ä‹ëëàðîâ â ãîä.<br />
á. ß õî÷˜ ò‹ëüêî íåìí‹æêî ñ‹ëè.<br />
â. Ђçâå òû íå ïîíèì‚åøü, çà÷ˆì ìû çäåñü?<br />
ã. Ïóñòü äèðˆêòîð ñàì ïîäï‰øåò êîíòð‚êò. /<br />
Âðÿä ëè äèðˆêòîð ñàì ïîäï‰øåò êîíòð‚êò.<br />
ä. ×òî ‰ìåííî îíè ïèñ‚ëè ‹áî ìíå?<br />
å. Ï‚âåë åäâ‚ íå óï‚ë íà ñê‹ëüçêîì ëüäó.<br />
æ. Âðÿä ëè îí‚ ïðî÷èò‚ëà «Âîéí˜ è Ìèð» çà äâå íåäˆëè.<br />
ç. ×òî çà ì˜çûêó òû ñë˜øàåøü?<br />
2. Fill the gaps in the songs and poems<br />
à. Ïóñòü îí âñï‹ìíèò äˆâóøêó ïðîñò˜þ!<br />
Ïóñòü óñë›øèò, êàê îí‚ ïî¸ò!<br />
Ïóñòü îí çˆìëþ áåðåæ¸ò ðîäí˜þ,<br />
À ëþá‹âü Êàòƒøà ñáåðåæ¸ò!<br />
(Ñîâˆòñêàÿ âîˆííàÿ ïˆñíÿ)<br />
á. Íåóæˆëè â ñ‚ìîì äˆëå âñå<br />
ñãîðˆëè êàðóñˆëè?<br />
(Ĉòñêîå ñòèõîòâîðˆíèå. Ê.È. ×óê‹âñêèé)<br />
â. Ñêàæ‰-êà, äµäÿ, âåäü íå ä‚ðîì<br />
Ìîñêâ‚, ñïàë¸ííàÿ ïîæ‚ðîì,<br />
Ôðàíö˜çó îòäàí‚?<br />
(Ì.Þ.ˈðìîíòîâ, èç ïî¬ìû «Áîðîäèí‹»)<br />
ã. Íó, ç‚ÿö, ïîãîä‰!<br />
(Ïîïóëµðíûé ìóëüòô‰ëüì)<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 67
75, 76. Numbers and collective numbers<br />
80 1. Choose numbers to fill the gaps, without any ending changes<br />
à. Ìû çàêàç‚ëè îä‰í ÷àé è îäí‹ êàê‚î.<br />
á. Ä‚éòå, ïîæ‚ëóéñòà, äâå / ÷åò›ðå òàðˆëêè.<br />
â. ß çí‚þ îäí˜ èíòåðˆñíóþ âåùü.<br />
ã. Íà ñòîëˆ ñòîµëè íå äâà, íå òðè, à ÷åò›ðå ñòàê‚íà.<br />
ä.  ôóòá‹ëüíîé êîì‚íäå îä‰ííàäöàòü èãðîê‹â.<br />
å. Äâà ôóòáîë‰ñòà ïîëó÷‰ëè êð‚ñíóþ ê‚ðòî÷êó. Îñò‚ëîñü ò‹ëüêî äˆâÿòü ÷åëîâˆê.<br />
æ.  íà÷‚ëå èçâˆñòíîé ïˆñíè íà çàá‹ðå ñòîµò äˆñÿòü çåë¸íûõ áóò›ëîê.<br />
2. Use äâà, òðè or ÷åò›ðå to fill the gaps, changing the endings if necessary<br />
à. Òð‹éêà - ¬òî ñ‚íè ‰ëè êàðˆòà ñ òðåìµ ëîøàäüì‰.<br />
á. Ðîì‚í Ë.Í. Òîëñò‹ãî «Âîéí‚ è Ìèð» ñîñòî‰ò èç äâóõ<br />
÷àñòˆé â ÷åòûð¸õ òîì‚õ.<br />
â. Ôðàíö˜çñêèé ‚âòîð À. Äþì‚ ïèñ‚ë î òð¸õ ìóøêåò¸ðàõ.<br />
ã. Áèïë‚í - ¬òî ñàìîë¸ò ñ äâóìµ êð›ëüÿìè.<br />
ä. Òðèïë‚í - ¬òî ñàìîë¸ò ñ òðåìµ êð›ëüÿìè.<br />
å. Òåëˆãà - ¬òî ñðˆäñòâî ïåðåäâèæˆíèÿ ñ ÷åðûðüìµ êîë¸ñàìè.<br />
æ. Áðèò‚íñêèé ïàðë‚ìåíò ñîñòî‰ò èç äâóõ ïàë‚ò.<br />
ç.  ôèí‚ëå ó÷‚ñòâóþò äâå êîì‚íäû èç ÷åòûð¸õ, èãð‚þùèõ â ïîëóôèí‚ëå.<br />
è. Ãîä ñîñòî‰ò èç ÷åòûð¸õ ñåç‹íîâ.  ê‚æäîì ñåç‹íå ïî òðè ìˆñÿöà.<br />
3. Use collective numbers to fill the gaps, changing the endings if necessary<br />
à. Ä‹áðûé âˆ÷åð. ß Íèêîë‚é Ê‚ðïîâ, à ¬òî ìîµ æåí‚ Ëàð‰ñà. Ìû çàêàç‚ëè í‹ìåð íà äâî‰õ.<br />
á. Òàì á˜äóò ˆðà, Ò‚íÿ, Ñ‹íÿ, òû è ÿ. Çàêàæ‰ ñò‹ëèê íà ïÿòåð›õ.<br />
â. Ó íå¸ ÷ˆòâåðî äåòˆé: Çèíà‰äà, Þðèé, Èííà è Àëåêñˆé.<br />
ã. Íà èê‹íå èçîáðàæåí› äâ‹å ñâÿò›õ.<br />
â. Åù¸ íåìí‹æêî, åù¸ ÷óòü-÷óòü,<br />
77. Indefinite numerals<br />
1. Choose indefinite numerals to fill the gaps. Some are used more than once<br />
à. Ýòî á˜äåò äîðîã‚ÿ ñâ‚äüáà. Ó íèõ ‹÷åíü ìí‹ãî ð‹äñòâåííèêîâ.<br />
á. Ñîâðåìˆííûå ìàø‰íû íå èñï‹ëüçóþò òàê ìí‹ãî áåíç‰íà.<br />
â. Ó íàñ òîãä‚ íå á›ëî ìàø‰íû, à àâò‹áóñ õîä‰ë ò‹ëüêî ðàç â äåíü. Á›ëî ì‚ëî<br />
âîçì‹æíîñòåé ñúˆçäèòü â ã‹ðîä.<br />
å. Ó Àíäðˆÿ íˆ áûëî äîñò‚òî÷íî âðˆìåíè, ÷ò‹áû ïîçâîí‰òü âàì.<br />
ã. Ó íèõ îñò‚ëîñü ò‹ëüêî íåìí‹æêî âîä›.<br />
ä. Íàëˆéòå ò‹ëüêî íåìí‹æêî. ß çà ðóë¸ì.<br />
æ. Ìí‹ãî äåòˆé – ìí‹ãî ñ÷‚ñòüÿ!<br />
ç.  ìåòð‹ á›ëî ‹÷åíü ìí‹ãî íàð‹äó.<br />
81<br />
2. Listen to the song snippets and fill in the gaps<br />
à. Êàê ìí‹ãî äˆâóøåê õîð‹øèõ!<br />
Êàê ìí‹ãî ë‚ñêîâûõ èì¸í!<br />
Íî ëèøü îäí‹ èç íèõ òðåâ‹æèò,<br />
Óíîñµ ïîê‹é è ñîí,<br />
Êîãä‚ âëþáë¸í.<br />
(Èç ïˆñíè «Ñˆðäöå», 1934)<br />
á. Ýõ ðàç, åù¸ ðàç,<br />
Åù¸ ìí‹ãî, ìí‹ãî ðàç!<br />
Ýõ ðàç, åù¸ ðàç,<br />
Åù¸ ìí‹ãî, ìí‹ãî ðàç!<br />
(Ïðèïˆâ èçâˆñòíîé íàð‹äíîé ïˆñíè)<br />
Ïîñëˆäíèé áîé – îí òð˜äíûé ñ‚ìûé.<br />
À ÿ â Ðîññ‰þ, äîì‹é õî÷˜,<br />
ß òàê äàâí‹ íå â‰äåë ì‚ìó!<br />
(«Ïîñëˆäíèé áîé». Ì. Í‹æêèí)<br />
68 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key
78. Telling the time<br />
1. Êîò‹ðûé ÷àñ? Íàéä‰òå ôîòîãð‚ôèþ!<br />
à. Áåç ÷ˆòâåðòè îä‰ííàäöàòü. Ô‹òî ¹ 4<br />
á. Äâ‚äöàòü ìèí˜ò äåñµòîãî. Ô‹òî ¹ 2<br />
â. Ïÿòü ìèí˜ò äâåí‚äöàòîãî. Ô‹òî ¹ 9<br />
ã. Äâ‚äöàòü ïÿòü ìèí˜ò îä‰ííàäöàòîãî. Ô‹òî ¹ 1<br />
ä. Áåç äâàäöàò‰ äâåí‚äöàòü. Ô‹òî ¹ 3<br />
å. Áåç ÷ˆòâåðòè äâåí‚äöàòü. Ô‹òî ¹ 6<br />
æ. ׈òâåðòü îä‰ííàäöàòîãî. Ô‹òî ¹ 5<br />
ç. Áåç ïÿò‰ îä‰ííàäöàòü. Ô‹òî ¹ 10<br />
è. Áåç ïÿò‰ äˆñÿòü. Ô‹òî ¹ 7<br />
ê. Ĉñÿòü ìèí˜ò îä‰ííàäöàòîãî. Ô‹òî ¹ 8<br />
82<br />
<strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key 69
79. Dates and years Óïðàæíˆíèÿ<br />
2. Ðàçãîâ‹ðíàÿ ïð‚êòèêà. Ðàá‹òà â ï‚ðàõ<br />
2.1 Îáñóä‰òå ñ ïàðòí¸ðîì, â êàê‹ì ãîä˜ ïðîèçîøë‰ ‰ëè íà÷àë‰ñü ñëˆäóþùèå ñîá›òèÿ.<br />
Îáðàçˆö:<br />
 êàê‹ì ãîä˜ áûë‚ âîéí‚ ñ Íàïîëå‹íîì?<br />
Âîéí‚ ñ Íàïîëå‹íîì áûë‚ â ò›ñÿ÷à âîñåìüñ‹ò äâåí‚äöàòîì ãîä˜.<br />
à.  êàê‹ì ãîä˜ íà÷àë‚ñü ψðâàÿ Ìèðîâ‚ÿ âîéí‚?<br />
ψðâàÿ Ìèðîâ‚ÿ âîéí‚ íà÷àë‚ñü â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò âîñåìüí‚äöàòîì ãîä˜.<br />
á. Иññêàÿ ðåâîëƒöèÿ áûë‚ â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò ñåìüí‚äöàòîì ãîä˜.<br />
â. Öàðü Íèêîë‚é II ˜ìåð â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò âîñåìüí‚äöàòîì ãîä˜.<br />
ã. Âëàä‰ìèð Èëü‰÷ ˈíèí ˜ìåð â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò äâ‚äöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîì ãîä˜.<br />
ä. Âòîð‚ÿ Ìèðîâ‚ÿ âîéí‚ íà÷àë‚ñü â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò òð‰äöàòü äåâµòîì ãîä˜.<br />
å. Âåë‰êàÿ Îòˆ÷åñòâåííàÿ âîéí‚ íà÷àë‚ñü â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò ñ‹ðîê ïˆðâîì ãîä˜.<br />
æ. È‹ñèô Ñò‚ëèí ˜ìåð â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò ïÿòüäåñµò òðˆòüåì ãîä˜.<br />
ç. Þðèé Ãàã‚ðèí ïîëåòˆë â ê‹ñìîñ â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò øåñòüäåñµò ïˆðâîì ãîä˜.<br />
è. Íèë Àðìñòðîíã ïîëåòˆë íà Ëóí˜ â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò øåñòüäåñµò äåâµòîì ãîä˜.<br />
ê. Ñîâˆòñêèå âîéñê‚ âîøë‰ â Ïð‚ãó â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò øåñòüäåñµò âîñüì‹ì ãîä˜.<br />
ë. Âîéí‚ âî Âüåòí‚ìå íà÷àë‚ñü â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò ïÿòüäåñÿò ïÿòîì ãîä˜.<br />
ì. Ïàäˆíèå Áåðë‰íñêîé ñòåí› ïðîèçîøë‹ â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò â‹ñåìüäåñÿò äåâµòîì ãîä˜.<br />
í. Ðàçðóøˆíèå Âñåì‰ðíîãî òîðã‹âîãî öˆíòðà â Íüþ-É‹ðêå ïðîèçîøë‹ â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò<br />
äåâÿí‹ñòî òðˆòüåì ãîä˜.<br />
2.2 Çí‚åòå ëè Âû, â êàê‹ì ìˆñÿöå ïðîèçîøë‰ ‰ëè íà÷àë‰ñü ¬òè ñîá›òèÿ?<br />
Îáðàçˆö:<br />
Âîéí‚ ñ Íàïîëå‹íîì íà÷àë‚ñü â èƒíå ò›ñÿ÷à âîñåìüñ‹ò äâåí‚äöàòîãî ã‹äà.<br />
â. Öàðü Íèêîë‚é II ˜ìåð â èƒëå ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò âîñåìüí‚äöàòîãî ã‹äà.<br />
ã. Âëàä‰ìèð Èëü‰÷ ˈíèí ˜ìåð â ÿíàâðˆ ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò äâ‚äöàòü ÷åòâ¸ðòîãî ã‹äà.<br />
ä. Âòîð‚ÿ Ìèðîâ‚ÿ âîéí‚ íà÷àë‚ñü â ñåíòÿáðˆ ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò òð‰äöàòü äåâµòîãî ã‹äà.<br />
å. Âåë‰êàÿ Îòˆ÷åñòâåííàÿ âîéí‚ íà÷àë‚ñü â èƒíå ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò ñ‹ðîê ïˆðâîãî ã‹äà.<br />
æ. È‹ñèô Ñò‚ëèí ˜ìåð â ì‚ðòå ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò ïÿòüäåñµò òðˆòüåãî ã‹äà.<br />
ç. Þðèé Ãàã‚ðèí ïîëåòˆë â ê‹ñìîñ â àïðˆëå ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò øåñòüäåñµò ïˆðâîãî ã‹äà.<br />
è. Íèë Àðìñòðîíã ïîëåòˆë íà Ëóí˜ â èƒëå ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò øåñòüäåñµò äåâµòîì ã‹äà.<br />
ê. Ñîâˆòñêèå âîéñê‚ âîøë‰ â Ïð‚ãó â ‚âãóñòå ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò øåñòüäåñµò âîñüì‹ãî ã‹äà.<br />
ë. Âîéí‚ âî Âüåòí‚ìå íà÷àë‚ñü â íîÿáðˆ ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò ïÿòüäåñÿò ïÿòîãî ã‹äà.<br />
ì. Ïàäˆíèå Áåðë‰íñêîé ñòåí› ïðîèçîøë‹ â íîÿáðˆ ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò â‹ñåìüäåñÿò äåâµòîãî ã‹äà.<br />
í. Ðàçðóøˆíèå Âñåì‰ðíîãî òîðã‹âîãî öˆíòðà â Íüþ-É‹ðêå ïðîèçîøë‹ â íîÿáðˆ ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò<br />
äåâÿí‹ñòî òðˆòüåãî ã‹äà.<br />
4. Ðàçãîâ‹ðíàÿ ïð‚êòèêà<br />
Îáñóä‰òå ñ ‚øèìè îäíîê˜ðñíèêàìè:<br />
 êàê‹ì ãîä˜ ðîä‰ëèñü ñëˆäóþùèå ëƒäè?<br />
ĉìà Áèë‚í ðîä‰ëñÿ â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò â‹ñåìüäåñÿò ïˆðâîì ãîä˜.<br />
Äì‰òðèé Ìåäâˆäåâ ðîä‰ëñÿ â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò øåñòüäåñµò ïµòîì ãîä˜.<br />
Âëàä‰ìèð Ϙòèí ðîä‰ëñÿ â ò›ñÿ÷à äˆâÿòüñ‹ò ïÿòüäåñÿò øåñòîì ãîä˜.<br />
Àëåêñ‚íäð Ñåðãˆåâè÷ Ϙøêèí ðîä‰ëñÿ â ò›ñÿ÷à ñˆìüñ‹ò äåâÿí‹ñòî äåâµòîì ãîä˜.<br />
È‹ñèô Ñò‚ëèí ðîä‰ëñÿ â ò›ñÿ÷à â‹ñåìüñîò äâ‚äöàòü âîñüì‹ì ãîä˜.<br />
Ëåâ Íèêîë‚åâè÷ Òîëñò‹é ðîä‰ëñÿ â ò›ñÿ÷à â‹ñåìüñîò ñˆìüäåñÿò âîñüì‹ì ãîä˜.<br />
70 <strong>Ruslan</strong> <strong>Russian</strong> Grammar Key