The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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Crous et al. Schizothyriaceae clade Schizothyrium Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3: 11. 1849. Type species: Schizothyrium acerinum Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3: 11. 1849. Description: Batzer et al. (2007; figs 3–7). Notes: Species of Schizothyrium (Schizothyriaceae) have Zygophiala E.W. Mason anamorphs, and were recently shown to be allied to Mycosphaerellaceae (Batzer et al. 2007). Although species of Schizothyrium have thyrothecia, they cluster among genera with pseudothecial ascomata, questioning the value of this character at the family level. Based on its bitunicate asci and 1- septate ascospores, the teleomorph is comparable to others in the Capnodiales. Mycosphaerellaceae clade Mycosphaerella subclade Mycosphaerella Johanson, Öfvers. Förh. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. 41(9): 163. 1884. Type species: Mycosphaerella punctiformis (Pers. : Fr.) Starbäck, Bih. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. 15(3, 2): 9. 1889. Anamorph: Ramularia endophylla Verkley & U. Braun, Mycol. Res. 108: 1276. 2004. Description: Verkley et al. (2004; figs 3–16). Notes: The genus Mycosphaerella has in the past been linked to 23 anamorph genera (Crous et al. 2000), while additional genera have been linked via DNA-based studies, bringing the total to at least 30 genera (Crous & Braun 2003, Crous et al. 2007b). However, based on ITS and SSU DNA phylogenetic studies and a reassessment of morphological characters and conidiogenesis, several anamorph genera have recently been reduced to synonymy (Crous & Braun 2003, Crous et al. 2006a). Furthermore, the DNA sequence data generated to date clearly illustrate that the anamorph genera in Mycosphaerella are polyphyletic, residing in several clades within Mycosphaerella. If future collections not known from culture or DNA sequences are to be described in form genera, we recommend that the concepts as explained in Crous & Braun (2003) be used until such stage as they can be placed in Mycosphaerella, pending a modification of Art. 59 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The genus Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs represent a future topical issue of the Studies in Mycology, and will thus be treated separately. Dissoconium subclade Dissoconium de Hoog, Oorschot & Hijwegen, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet., Ser. C, Biol. Med. Sci. 86(2): 198. 1983. Type species: Dissoconium aciculare de Hoog, Oorschot & Hijwegen, Proc. K. Ned. Akad. Wet., Ser. C, Biol. Med. Sci. 86(2): 198. 1983. ? = Uwebraunia Crous & M.J. Wingf., Mycologia 88: 446. 1996. Teleomorph: Mycosphaerella-like. Description: de Hoog et al. (1983), Crous (1998), Crous et al. (2004b; figs 3–10). Notes: The genus Dissoconium presently encompasses six species (Crous et al. 2007b), of which two, M. lateralis Crous & M.J. Wingf. (D. dekkeri de Hoog & Hijwegen), and M. communis Crous & Mansilla (D. commune Crous & Mansilla) are also known from their Mycosphaerella-like teleomorphs. No teleomorph genus will be introduced for this clade, however, until more sexual species have been collected to help clarify the morphological features of this genus. A further complication lies in the fact that yet other species, morphologically distinct from Dissoconium, also cluster in this clade (Crous, unpubl. data). “Passalora” zambiae subclade “Passalora” zambiae Crous & T.A. Cout., Stud. Mycol. 50: 209. 2004. Description: Crous et al. (2004b; figs 32–33). Notes: This fungus was placed in the form genus “Passalora” based on its smooth mycelium, giving rise to conidiophores forming branched chains of brown conidia with thickened, darkened, refractive hila. Although derived from single ascospores, the teleomorph material was lost, and thus it needs to be recollected before the relavance of its phylogenetic position can be fully understood. Additional teleomorph genera considered Coccodinium A. Massal., Atti Inst. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti, Série 2, 5: 336. 1860. (Fig. 20). Type species: Coccodinium bartschii A. Massal., Atti Inst. Veneto Sci. Lett. Arti, Série 2, 5: 337. 1860. Description: Eriksson (1981, figs 34–35). Notes: The genus Coccodinium (Coccodiniaceae) is characterised by having ascomata that are sessile on a subiculum, or somewhat immersed, semiglobose, collapsed when dry, brownish, uniloculate, with a centrum that stains blue in IKI (iodine potassium iodide). Asci are bitunicate, stalked, 8-spored, saccate, and have a thick, undifferentiated endotunica. Periphyses and periphysoids are well-developed and numerous. Ascospores are elongate, fusiform, ellipsoidal or clavate, transversely septate or muriform, hyaline or brownish (Eriksson 1981), and lack a mucous sheath. Based on a SSU sequence (GenBank accession U77668) derived from a strain identified as C. bartschii (Winka et al. 1998), Coccodinium appears to be allied to the taxa treated here in Teratosphaeria. Freshly collected cultures are relatively slow growing, and on MEA they form erumpent round, black colonies with sparse hyphal growth. On the surface of these colonies hyphal strands, consisting of brown, globose cells, give rise to conidia. Older cells (up to 15 µm diam) become fertile, giving rise to 1–3 conidia via inconspicuous phialidic loci. Conidia are fusoid-ellipsoidal to clavate, 3–5-septate, becoming constricted at the transverse septa, apex obtuse, base subtruncate, guttulate, smooth, widest in the upper third of the conidium, 15– 40 × 4–7 µm. Phylogenetically Coccodinium is thus allied to the Chaetothyriales (Fig. 1), and not the Teratosphaeriaceae. 28
Phylogenetic lineages in the Capnodiales Fig. 20. Coccodinium bartschii. A. Ascomata on host. B. Ostiolar area. C. Periphysoids. D–E. Ascospores shot onto agar. F–I. Asci with thick ectotunica. J–K. Young ascospores. L–M. Mature ascospores. N. Colony on MEA. O–Q. Conidiogenous cells giving rise to conidia. R–S. Conidia. Scale bars: A, N = 250, B, D, F–G, I, L–M, O = 10 µm. www.studiesinmycology.org 29
Page 1: Studies in Mycology 58 (2007) The g
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Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
Page 9 and 10: lectotype for the genus by Clements
Page 11: Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
Page 14 and 15: Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates for
Page 16 and 17: Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Page 20 and 21: Crous et al. Treatment of phylogene
Page 22 and 23: Crous et al. Teratosphaeria bellula
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Page 70 and 71: Arzanlou et al. To date 26 species
Page 72 and 73: Arzanlou et al. Table 1. (Continued
Page 74 and 75: Arzanlou et al. 10 changes Athelia
Page 76 and 77: Arzanlou et al. Athelia epiphylla A
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 22. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Rhinocladiella mack
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 26. Veronaea c
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Arzanlou et al. Cultural characteri
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 30. Myrmecridi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 32. Radulidium
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 34. Rhodoveron
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Arzanlou et al. even further, thoug
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. 10 chan
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Fig. 3.
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. to intr
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Czechos
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Cladosporium herbarum species compl
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Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
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Crous et al. The aim of the present
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Crous et al. 10 changes Athelia epi
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates used
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Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Crous et al. 0.1 expected changes p
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Crous et al. Fig. 6. Cladophialopho
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Crous et al. Fig. 11. Cladophialoph
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Crous et al. Fig. 13. Cladophialoph
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Crous et al. Fig. 15. Exophiala sp.
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Crous et al. Fig. 18. Cylindrosympo
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Crous et al. Fig. 19. Fusicladium a
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Crous et al. Fig. 22. Fusicladium f
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Crous et al. Fig. 24. Fusicladium p
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Crous et al. Fusicladium rhodense C
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Crous et al. Excluded taxa Polyscyt
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Crous et al. the conidial tips are
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Cladophialophora carrionii complex
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Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
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Fig. 6 Hormoconis resinae and morph
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Cladophialophora, 52 k , 54 k -55,
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Fusicladium phillyreae, 189 c , 191
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Ramichloridium epichloës, 60, 89 P
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Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6
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