The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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Crous et al. conidiophores, about 10–15 × 2–3 µm. Conidiogenous cells terminal and intercalary, unbranched, subcylindrical, 5–12 × 3–4 µm, medium brown, smooth or almost so to finely verruculose, apex of conidiogenous cells frequently swollen, up to 6 µm diam, with 1–3(–4) flat-tipped, non to slightly thickened, non to slightly darkened-refractive loci, 1–1.5 µm wide, frequently appearing subdenticulate, up to 1.5 µm long, intercalary conidiogenous cells also slightly swollen at the conidiogenous portion just below the upper septum, which render the conidiophores subnodulose to nodulose, swellings round about the conidiophore axis or unilateral. Conidia ellipsoid-ovoid, subcylindrical, pale to medium olivaceousbrown or brown, finely verruculose, wall ≤ 0.5 µm wide, guttulate or not, occurring in branched chains. Ramoconidia 0–1(–3)-septate, 5–15(–22) × 3–4(–5) µm, with 1–3 subdenticulate apical hila; secondary conidia 0(–1)-septate, ellipsoid, obovoid to irregular, (4–)5–7(–8) × (2–)2.5–3(–4) µm; hila non to slightly thickened, non to slightly darkened-refractive, (0.5–)1(–1.5) µm wide. Cultural characteristics: Colonies on OA erumpent, spreading, with dense, compact aerial mycelium, and even, smooth margins; olivaceous-grey (surface), margins iron-grey. Colonies reaching 22 mm diam after 1 mo at 25 °C in the dark. Specimen examined: Venezuela, isolated from man with tinea nigra, Jan. 1975, D. Borelli, holotype CBS H-19934, culture ex-type CBS 106.75. Fig. 15. Penidiella strumelloidea (type material). A. Hyphae. B. Conidiophores. C. Ramoconidia. D. Secondary conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. U. Braun del. Notes: Penidiella strumelloidea resembles other species of Penidiella by having penicillate conidiophores with a conidiogenous apparatus giving rise to branched conidial chains. It differs, however, from all other species of this genus in having a rather simple penicillate apex composed of a single terminal conidiogenous cell giving rise to one set of ramoconidia which form frequently somewhat curved conidia. It is also phylogenetically distinct from the other taxa of Penidiella (see Fig. 1 in Crous et al. 2007a – this volume). Penidiella venezuelensis Crous & U. Braun, sp. nov. MycoBank MB504515. Figs 16–17. Etymology: Named after the geographic location of its type strain, Venezuela. Differt a P. columbiana conidiophoris bevioribus et angustioribus, ad 120 × 3–4 µm, subnodulosis, apice plus minusve laxe penicillatis et conidiis brevioribus, (4–)5–7(– 8) µm longis. Mycelium consisting of branched, septate, smooth to faintly rough-walled, thin-walled, subhyaline, pale olivaceous to medium brown, (1.5–)2–3 µm wide hyphae. Conidiophores solitary, erect, macronematous, subcylindrical, straight to flexuous to once geniculate, up to 120 µm long, 3–4 µm wide, 1–12-septate, pale to medium olivaceous-brown or brown, thin-walled (up to about 1 µm), terminally penicillate, branched portion composed of true branchlets and/or a single set or several sets of ramoconidia, branchlets up to 50 µm long; occasionally with a few additional micronematous Notes: The type culture of Penidiella venezuelensis was originally determined as Stenella araguata from which it is, however, quite distinct by having smooth mycelium, long penicillate conidiophores with subdenticulate conidiogenous loci, smaller conidia, and agreeing with the concept of the genus Penidiella. It is phylogenetically distinct from the other taxa of Penidiella (see Fig. 1 in Crous et al. 2007a – this volume). Pseudotaeniolina J.L. Crane & Schokn., Mycologia 78: 88. 1986. ? = Friedmanniomyces Onofri, Nova Hedwigia 68: 176. 1999. Type species: Pseudotaeniolina convolvuli (Esfand.) J.L. Crane & Schokn., Mycologia 78: 88. 1986. Description: Crane & Schoknecht (1986, figs 3–19). Notes: No cultures or sequence data are available of the type species, and Pseudotaeniolina globosa De Leo, Urzì & de Hoog was placed in Pseudotaeniolina based on its morphology and ecology. The genus Friedmanniomyces is presently known from two species (Selbmann et al. 2005). Morphologically Friedmanniomyces is similar to Pseudotaeniolina, but fresh material of Pseudotaeniolina convolvuli needs to be recollected before this can be clarified. Readeriella Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 6: 484. 1908. = Kirramyces J. Walker, B. Sutton & Pascoe, Mycol. Res. 96: 919. 1992. = Colletogloeopsis Crous & M.J. Wingf., Canad. J. Bot. 75: 668. 1997. Synanamorphs: Cibiessia Crous, Fungal Diversity 26: 151. 2007; also pseudocercospora-like, see Crous (1998). Type species: Readeriella mirabilis Syd. & P. Syd., Ann. Mycol. 6: 484. 1908. Description: Crous et al. (2004b; figs 36–38). Notes: Several coelomycete genera are presently available to accommodate anamorphs of Capnodiales that reside in Teratosphaeriaceae, for which Readeriella is the oldest name. Other genera such as Phaeophleospora Rangel, Sonderhenia H.J. Swart & J. Walker and Lecanosticta Syd. belong to Mycosphaerellaceae. 24
Phylogenetic lineages in the Capnodiales Fig. 16. Penidiella venezuelensis (type material). A. Microconidiophore. B. Apical part of macroconidiophore. C–F. Chains of conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Readeriella is polyphyletic within Teratosphaeriaceae. The recognition and circumscription (synonymy) of this genus follows the principles for anamorph genera within Capnodiales as outlined in the introduction to this volume. The only unifying character is conidial pigmentation, and the mode of conidiogenesis. Conidiogenous cells range from mono- to polyphialides with periclinal thickening, to phialides with percurrent proliferation, as observed in the type species, R. mirabilis (Fig. 18). Within the form genus conidia vary from aseptate to multiseptate, smooth to rough, and have a range of synanamorphs. Readeriella mirabilis has a synanamorph with cylindrical, aseptate conidia, while other species of Readeriella again have Cibiessia synanamorphs (scytalidium-like, with chains of dry, disarticulating conidia), suggesting the conidial morphology to be quite plastic. A re-examination of R. readeriellophora Crous & Mansilla revealed pycnidia to form a central cushion on which the conidiogenous cells are arranged (Fig. 18). This unique feature is commonly known in genera such as Coniella Höhn. and Pilidiella Petr. & Syd. (Diaporthales) (Van Niekerk et al. 2004), and has never been observed among anamorphs of the Capnodiales. Another species of Readeriella, namely “Phaeophleospora” toledana Crous & Bills, again forms paraphyses interspersed among conidiogenous cells, a rare feature in this group of fungi, while several species Fig. 17. Penidiella venezuelensis (type material). A. Hypha. B. Micronematous conidiophores. C. Macronematous conidiophores. D–E. Ramoconidia. F. Secondary conidia. Scale bar = 10 µm. U. Braun del. www.studiesinmycology.org 25
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Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
Page 9 and 10: lectotype for the genus by Clements
Page 11: Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
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Page 70 and 71: Arzanlou et al. To date 26 species
Page 72 and 73: Arzanlou et al. Table 1. (Continued
Page 74 and 75: Arzanlou et al. 10 changes Athelia
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Arzanlou et al. Cultural characteri
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 20. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 22. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Rhinocladiella mack
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 26. Veronaea c
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Arzanlou et al. Cultural characteri
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 30. Myrmecridi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 32. Radulidium
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 34. Rhodoveron
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Arzanlou et al. even further, thoug
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. 10 chan
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Fig. 3.
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. to intr
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Czechos
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Cladosporium herbarum species compl
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Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
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Crous et al. The aim of the present
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Crous et al. 10 changes Athelia epi
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates used
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Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Crous et al. 0.1 expected changes p
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Crous et al. Fig. 6. Cladophialopho
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Crous et al. Fig. 11. Cladophialoph
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Crous et al. Fig. 13. Cladophialoph
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Crous et al. Fig. 15. Exophiala sp.
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Crous et al. Fig. 18. Cylindrosympo
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Crous et al. Fig. 19. Fusicladium a
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Crous et al. Fig. 22. Fusicladium f
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Crous et al. Fig. 24. Fusicladium p
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Crous et al. Fusicladium rhodense C
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Crous et al. Excluded taxa Polyscyt
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Crous et al. the conidial tips are
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Cladophialophora carrionii complex
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Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
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Fig. 6 Hormoconis resinae and morph
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Cladophialophora, 52 k , 54 k -55,
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Fusicladium phillyreae, 189 c , 191
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Ramichloridium epichloës, 60, 89 P
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Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6
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The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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