The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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Crous et al. 6. Conidiophores short and frequently reduced to conidiogenous cells that proliferate percurrently via wide necks, giving rise to hyaline, 0(–2)- septate, broadly ellipsoidal conidia ................................................................................................................................................ Hortaea 7. Conidia brown, with hyaline basal appendages; conidiomata pycnidial, conidiogenous cells phialidic, but also percurrent, subhyaline ....................................................................................................................................................................... Nothostrasseria 7. Conidia brown, but basal appendages lacking, amero- to scolecospores ................................................................................................. 8 8. Conidiomata pycnidial to acervular ............................................................................................................................................................ 9 8. Conidiomata not enclosed by host tissue, fasciculate to sporodochial or solitary, hyphomycetous ........................................................ 10 9. Conidia solitary, dry, without mucilaginous sheath .................................................................................................................... Readeriella 9. Conidia catenulate, with persistant mucilaginous sheath ..................................................................................................... Staninwardia 10. Conidiophores usually solitary, rarely densely fasciculate to synnematous (in vivo), penicillate, with a branched, apical conidiogenous apparatus giving rise to ramoconidia and branched chains of secondary conidia; scars not to slightly thickened and darkened-refractive ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... Penidiella 10. Conidiophores not penicillate, without a branched conidiogenous apparatus, in vivo fasciculate to sporodochial .................................. 11 11. Biotrophic; fruiting composed of sporodochia and radiating layers of hyphae arising from the stromata, conidiophores arising from superficial sporodochia and radiating hyphae, conidiogenous cells unilocal, with conspicuous annellations, conidia solitary or in fragile disarticulating chains, aseptate or transversely 1–3-septate, usually with distinct frills, secession rhexolytic ............... Batcheloromyces . Biotrophic, leaf-inhabiting, with distinct, subepidermal to erumpent, well-developed sporodochia, or saxicolous, saprobic, sometimes causing opportunistic human infections; radiating layers of hyphae arising from sporodochia; conidiogenous cells without annellations; conidia in true simple or branched basipetal chains, transversely 1- to pluriseptate or with longitudinal and oblique septa (dictyosporous), occasionally distoseptate ...................................................................................................................... Catenulostroma To explain the arguments behind the selection and synonymies of some of these anamorphic genera, they are briefly discussed below: Acidomyces Baker et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 6270. 2004. (nom. inval.) Type species: Acidomyces richmondensis Baker et al., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70: 6270. 2004. (nom. inval.) Notes: The genus presently clusters among isolates in the Teratosphaeria clade based on sequences deposited in GenBank. Acidomyces lacks a Latin description and holotype specimen, and is thus invalidly described. The genus, which was distinguished from other taxa based on its DNA phylogeny (Dothideomycetes), forms filamentous hyphae with disarticulating cells. It is unclear how it differs from Friedmanniomyces Onofri and Pseudotaeniolina J.L. Crane & Schokn. Batcheloromyces Marasas, P.S. van Wyk & Knox-Dav., J. S. African Bot. 41: 41. 1975. Type species: Batcheloromyces proteae Marasas, P.S. van Wyk & Knox-Dav., J. S. African Bot. 41: 43. 1975. Description: Crous et al. (2004a; figs 4–26). Notes: Batcheloromyces is presently circumscribed as a genus that forms emergent hyphae, giving rise to superficial sporodochial plates, forming brown, verrucose, erect conidiophores that proliferate holoblastically, with ragged percurrent proliferations that become visible with age. Conidia are produced singly or in fragile, disarticulating chains, are brown, thick-walled, 0–3 transversely euseptate (though at times they appear as distoseptate). The genus Batcheloromyces has in recent years been confused with Stigmina (Sutton & Pascoe 1989) on the basis that some collections showed conidiophores to give rise to solitary conidia only, though conidial catenulation was clearly illustrated by Taylor et al. (1999). In culture colonies tend to sporulate in a slimy mass (on OA), though a synanamorph can be seen (in B. leucadendri, Fig. 4) to sporulate via holoblastic conidiogenesis on hyphal tips of the aerial mycelium, forming elongate-globose to ellipsoid, muriformly septate, thickwalled conidia, that occur in clusters. The finding that Stigmina s. str. [based on S. platani (Fuckel) Sacc., the type species] is a generic synonym of Pseudocercospora Speg. (Crous et al. 2006a), and that the type species of Trimmatostroma (T. salicis, Fig. 5) belongs to the Helotiales (Fig. 1), raises the question of where to place stigmina- and trimmatostroma-like anamorphs that reside in the Teratosphaeria clade. Although the stigmina-like species can be accommodated in Batcheloromyces (see Sutton & Pascoe 1989), a new genus is required for Teratosphaeria anamorphs that have a trimmatostromalike morphology. The recognition of Batcheloromyces and the introduction of a new anamorph genus for trimmatostroma-like anamorphs of Teratosphaeria are also morphologically justified. Batcheloromyces is easily distinguishable from Stigmina s. str. by its special structure of the fruiting body, composed of sporodochia and radiating layers of hyphae arising from the sporodochia and the conidia often formed in delicate disarticulating chains. Trimmatostroma-like anamorphs of Teratosphaeria are morphologically also sufficently distinct from Trimmatostroma s. str. (see notes under Catenulostroma Crous & U. Braun) as well as Batcheloromyces (see key above). Batcheloromyces eucalypti (Alcorn) Crous & U. Braun, comb. nov. MycoBank MB504503. Basionym: Stigmina eucalypti Alcorn, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 60: 151. 1973. Capnobotryella Sugiy., in Sugiyama, Pleomorphic Fungi: The Diversity and its Taxonomic Implications (Tokyo): 148. 1987. Type species: Capnobotryella renispora Sugiy., in Sugiyama, Pleomorphic Fungi: The Diversity and its Taxonomic Implications (Tokyo): 148. 1987. Description: Sugiyama & Amano (1987, figs 7.5–7.8). 12
Phylogenetic lineages in the Capnodiales Fig. 4. Batcheloromyces leucadendri in vitro. A–B. Batcheloromyces state with synanamorph (arrows). C–D. Conidia occurring solitary or in short chains. Scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 5. Trimmatostroma salicis. A. Sporodochia on twig. B–E. Chains of disarticulating conidia. Scale bars = 10 µm. Notes: The genus forms brown, septate, thick-walled hyphae, with ellipsoidal, 0–1-septate conidia forming directly on the hyphae, via minute phialides. Hambleton et al. (2003) also noted the occurrence of endoconidiation. Catenulostroma Crous & U. Braun, gen. nov. MycoBank MB504474. Etymology: Named after its catenulate conidia, and stromata giving rise to sporodochia. Hyphomycetes. Differt a Trimmatostromate habitu phytoparasitico, maculis formantibus, conidiophoris saepe fasciculatis, per stoma emergentibus vel habitu saxiphilo-saprophytico, interdum sejunctis ex mycosibus humanis. www.studiesinmycology.org 13
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Page 7 and 8: CONTENTS P.W. Crous, U. Braun and J
Page 9 and 10: lectotype for the genus by Clements
Page 11: Schubert K (2005a). Morphotaxonomic
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Page 20 and 21: Crous et al. Treatment of phylogene
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Page 70 and 71: Arzanlou et al. To date 26 species
Page 72 and 73: Arzanlou et al. Table 1. (Continued
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Arzanlou et al. 10 changes Athelia
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Arzanlou et al. Athelia epiphylla A
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 3. Periconiell
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Arzanlou et al. Cultural characteri
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 10. A. Ramichl
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Arzanlou et al. Ramichloridium musa
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 20. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 22. Rhinocladi
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Arzanlou et al. Rhinocladiella mack
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 26. Veronaea c
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 30. Myrmecridi
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 32. Radulidium
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Arzanlou et al. Fig. 34. Rhodoveron
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Arzanlou et al. even further, thoug
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available online at www.studiesinmy
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. 10 chan
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Fig. 3.
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. to intr
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Dichocladosporium gen. nov. Czechos
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Cladosporium herbarum species compl
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Cladosporium sphaerospermum species
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Crous et al. The aim of the present
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Crous et al. 10 changes Athelia epi
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Crous et al. Table 1. Isolates used
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Crous et al. Table 1. (Continued).
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Crous et al. 0.1 expected changes p
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Crous et al. Fig. 6. Cladophialopho
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Crous et al. Fig. 11. Cladophialoph
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Crous et al. Fig. 13. Cladophialoph
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Crous et al. Fig. 15. Exophiala sp.
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Crous et al. Fig. 18. Cylindrosympo
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Crous et al. Fig. 19. Fusicladium a
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Crous et al. Fig. 22. Fusicladium f
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Crous et al. Fig. 24. Fusicladium p
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Crous et al. Fusicladium rhodense C
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Crous et al. Excluded taxa Polyscyt
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Crous et al. the conidial tips are
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Cladophialophora carrionii complex
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Hormoconis resinae and morphologica
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Fig. 6 Hormoconis resinae and morph
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Cladophialophora, 52 k , 54 k -55,
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Fusicladium phillyreae, 189 c , 191
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Ramichloridium epichloës, 60, 89 P
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Trimmatostroma salicis, 3 t , 5, 6
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The genus Cladosporium and similar dematiaceous ... - CBS - KNAW

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