instrumental techniques applied to mineralogy and geochemistry

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Raman, Conventional Infrared and Synchrotron Infrared Spectroscopy in Mineralogy and Geochemistry: Basics and Applications 71 Hydrocarbon (HC) inclusions are common in petroleum reservoirs and may be considered as fossil oils, which have preserved the original oil composition. Diagenetic minerals generally contain small fluid inclusions (often
72 Biliana Gasharova constitute the main reservoir for water in the Earth’s mantle. Even traces of water in minerals such as olivine drastically reduce mechanical strength, with major consequences for mantle convection and the formation of minerals as diamonds. The distribution of H 2 O around inclusions and cracks in nominally anhydrous mantle minerals such as olivine is studied by IR microspectroscopy mapping (Fig. 6, Sommer et al., 2008). FIGURE 6. Left: Synchrotron IR spectra of OH stretching bands of olivine in , , directions. The quantitative analysis of anisotropic minerals involves summing absorption intensities from polarized spectra. The water content was calculated with the help of the Beer–Lambert law and a calibration after Bell et al. (2003). The absorbance was normalized to 1 cm sample thickness. The water content (normalized in ppm H 2 O by weight) is 138 ppm in the clear, inclusion-free olivine matrix. Right: 3D graph (40x40 μm 2 ) showing the increase of water towards a totally embedded Cr-spinel inclusion (5-8 μm in size) in olivine. The H 2 O content significantly increases towards the inclusion up to values of about 800 ppm.
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