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Results<br />

4.5.3 Identified associations between boundary <strong>activities</strong> <strong>and</strong><br />

autonomy<br />

Table 19 illustrates how the boundary <strong>activities</strong> were analyzed to contribute<br />

to the autonomy of the change programs. Next, these proposed associations<br />

are described <strong>and</strong> illustrative examples from the interview data are given.<br />

Table 19 identified associations between boundary <strong>activities</strong> <strong>and</strong> the autonomy of the change<br />

program<br />

<strong>Boundary</strong> activity types<br />

Legitimate position<br />

in the organization<br />

Autonomy<br />

Authority <strong>and</strong><br />

autonomy to<br />

realize change<br />

Positioning <strong>and</strong> negotiating X X<br />

Linking<br />

Task coordinating<br />

In<strong>for</strong>mation seeking<br />

Resource seeking<br />

In<strong>for</strong>ming<br />

Legitimating <strong>and</strong> committing<br />

Influencing<br />

Guarding<br />

Enclosing<br />

X<br />

X<br />

X<br />

X<br />

Firstly, the analysis indicated how boundary <strong>activities</strong> had a central role in<br />

establishing a legitimate position <strong>for</strong> the programs. Not surprisingly,<br />

legitimating <strong>and</strong> committing <strong>activities</strong> contributed to the legitimacy of the<br />

programs. To make a change program legitimate, the central program<br />

actors presented their ideas <strong>and</strong> tried to make them accepted through<br />

various selling methods. While the earliest legitimating ef<strong>for</strong>ts were mainly<br />

about communicating the need <strong>for</strong> change, the dialogue between the key<br />

program actors <strong>and</strong> the representatives of the parent organization<br />

continued after the need <strong>for</strong> change was acknowledged. The next challenge<br />

was to make the program approach in general <strong>and</strong> the proposed change<br />

program in particular accepted as the appropriate way to address the need<br />

<strong>for</strong> change. Such legitimating <strong>and</strong> committing <strong>activities</strong> were especially<br />

common in case Bureau, where they were targeted both at the top<br />

management <strong>and</strong> the employees as the targets of change.<br />

In this pursuit of legitimacy, Bureau’s key program actors acknowledged<br />

the value of consultants as an external authority that could be utilized to<br />

justify the plans in the eyes of top management. In Bureau, a report<br />

summarizing the current state analysis was supposedly written by the<br />

158

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