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Scandinavian History in the Viking Age Snorri Sturluson och Egils saga Skallagrímssonar: ett försök till språklig författar-bestämning, StI 20 (1962) [UL 599:01.c.1.4] (E.s.) [B414] Fóstbrœðra saga. Text: (B391):119-276. Transl.: L.M. Hollander, The sagas of Kormák and the Sworn Brothers (1949), 73-176 [UL 752:34.c.90.26]; (B401): II,329-402. Commentary: H. Kratz, ‘The Fóstbrœðrasaga and the oral tradition’, SS 27 (1955), 121-36; J. Kristjánsson, Um Fóstbræðrasögu, SÁMÍ rit 1 (1972) [UL 752:1.c.5.4] (E.s.); J. Kristjánsson, ‘Elements of learning and chivalry in Fóstbræðra saga’, (A61a):259-99 [B415] Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu. Text: (B390):49-107; P. Foote and R. Quirk, Gunnlaugssaga ormstungu, VSNR TS 1 (1953) [UL 752:1.d.2.1]; text with transl. P. Foote and R. Quirk, Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu: the saga of Gunnlaug serpent-tongue, Icelandic texts 1 (1957) [UL 752:1.c.4.1]. Transl.: (B396):1-46; (B397):171-217; A. Boucher, The saga of Gunnlaug snake-tongue together with the tale of scald-Helgi (1983) [UL 752:34.c.95.31]; E.P. and D. Durrenberger, The saga of Gunnlaugur snake’s tongue (1992) [UL 752:34.c.95.47]; (B401): I,305-33. Commentary: P.M. Sørensen, ‘The individual and social values in Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu’, SS 60 (1988), 247-66 [B416] Hallfreðar saga is of particular significance for illuminating the personal response of an individual to the conversion to Christianity, although the authenticity of many of the verses attributed to Hallfred has come under strong suspicion (B533). Text: ÍF 8 (B428):133-200; B. Einarsson, Hallfreðar saga, SÁMÍ rit 15 (1977) [UL 752:1.c.5.19]. Transl.: A. Boucher, The saga of Hallfred the troublesome scald (1981) [UL 752:34.c.95.32]; (B401): I,225-53. Commentary: B. Einarsson, ‘The last hours of Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld as described in Hallfreðar saga’, (A47):217-21; R. Poole, ‘The “conversion verses” of Hallfreðr vandræðaskáld’, MM (2002), 15-37 [B417] Kormáks saga. Text: ÍF 8 (B428):201-302. Transl.: L.M. Hollander, The sagas of Kormák and the Sworn Brothers (1949), 1-72 [UL 752:34.c.90.26]; (B401): I,179-224. Commentary: P. Hallberg, ‘Kormáks saga’, SI 9 (1958), 34-52; H. O’Donoghue, The genesis of a saga narrative: verse and prose in Kormaks saga (1991) [UL 752:37.c.95.38] Feud sagas Sagas about regional or dynastic feuds are the largest single group of Íslendingasögur; although they can be vaguely subdivided into groups on the basis of style, content, and (possibly therefore) age, they have all been lumped together here. [B418] Bandamanna saga. Text: G. Jónsson, Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar, Bandamanna saga, Odds þáttr Ófeigssonar, ÍF 8 (1936) [UL 752:1.c.3.8]; H. Magerøy, Bandamanna saga (1981) [UL 752:01.d.4.15]. Transl.: (B396):47-93; H. Pálsson, The Confederates and Hen-Thorir (1975), 39-90 [UL 752:34.c.95.17]; (B401): V,283-308. Commentary: H. Magerøy, Studiar i Bandamanna saga: kring gjerd-problemet, Bibliotheca Arnamagnæana 21 (1957) [UL S752:01.b.1.15]; E.P. Durrenberger and J. Wilcox, ‘Humor as a guide to social change: Bandamanna saga and heroic values’, (G7):111-23 [B419] Droplaugarsona saga. Text: (B392):135-80; U. Ebel, Droplaugar sona saga, Texte des skandinavischen Mittelalters 2 (1990) [UL 752:34.d.95.29]. Transl.: (B396):95-135; J. Young and E. Haworth, The Fljotsdale saga and the Droplaugarsons (1990) [UL 752:34.d.95.28]; (B401): IV,355-78 [B420] Eyrbyggja saga is particularly interesting for Viking-age history in that its author shows a strong (if apparently often ill-informed) interest in matters antiquarian, particularly paganism. Text: E.Ó. Sveinsson and M. Þórðarson, Eyrbyggja saga, ÍF 4 (1935) [UL 752:1.c.3.4]. Transl.: P. Schach and L.M. Hollander, Eyrbyggja saga (1959) [UL 752:34.c.95.5]; H. Pálsson and P. Edwards, Eyrbyggja saga, rev. repr. (1989) [UL 9000.d.8471]; (B401): V,131-218 [B421] Heiðarvíga saga. Text: (B390):213-326. Transl.: W. Bryant Bachman and G. Erlingsson, Heidarviga saga (1995) [UL 752:34.c.95.55]; (B401): IV,67-129. Commentary: B. Guðnason, Túlkun Heiðarvígasögu, StI 50 (1993) [UL 599:01.c.1.29] (E.s.) [B422] Hrafnkels saga. The tale of Hrafnkel, priest of Frey, contains much information of apparent value to our understanding of pagan cults, but its authenticity has long been called into question as a classic example of free thirteenth-century composition. Text: (B392):95-133; J. Helgason, Hrafnkels saga Freysgoða, 4th edn, Nordisk filologi A: Tekster 2 (1968) [UL 752:01.d.4.2]. Transl.: H. Pálsson, Hrafnkel’s saga and other Icelandic stories (1971) [UL 752:34.d.95.7]; (B397):89-125; (B401): V,261- 81. Commentary: S. Nordal, Hrafnkels saga Freysgoða: a study (1958) [UL 752:37.c.95.3]; H. Pálsson, Art and ethics in Hrafnkels saga (1971) [UL 9752.d.248]; H. Kratz, ‘Hrafnkels saga: thirteenth century 31
Scandinavian History in the Viking Age fiction?’, SS 53 (1981), 420-46; T.M. Andersson, ‘Ethics and politics in Hrafnkels saga’, SS 60 (1988), 293-309; K. Wolf, ‘On the authorship of Hrafnkels saga’, ANF 106 (1991), 104-24 [B423] Hœnsa-Þóris saga. Text: (B390):1-47; U. Ebel, Hœnsa-Þóris saga, Texte des skandinavischen Mittelalters 1 (1989) [UL 752:34.c.95.43]. Transl.: H. Pálsson, The Confederates and Hen-Thorir (1975), 91-133 [UL 752:34.c.95.17]; (B397):3-38; A. Boucher, The saga of Havard the halt together with the saga of Hen-Thorir (1986) [UL 752:34.c.95.44]; (B401): V,239-59. Commentary: A.J. Berger, ‘Old law, new law, and Hœnsa-Þóris saga’, SI 27 (1976), 3-12; E.P. Durrenberger et al., ‘Economic representation and narrative structure in Hœnsa-Þóris saga’, SBVS 22 (1986-89), 143-64 [B424] Ljósvetninga saga. Text: B. Sigfússon, Ljósvetninga saga með þáttum, ÍF 10 (1940), 1-106 [UL 752:1.c.3.10]. Transl.: T.M. Andersson and W.I. Miller, Law and literature in medieval Iceland: Ljósvetninga saga and Valla-Ljóts saga (1989) [UL 752:34.c.95.46]; (B401): IV,193-255 [B425] Reykdœla saga. Text: ÍF 10 (B424):149-243. Transl.: (B401): IV,257-302 [B426] Valla-Ljóts saga. Text: (B393):231-60. Text and transl.: P.A. Jorgensen, Valla-Ljóts saga: the saga of Valla-Ljot, Bibliotheca Germanica series nova 1 (1991) [UL 752:34.d.95.30]. Transl.: (B400):43- 69; T.M. Andersson and W.I. Miller, Law and literature in medieval Iceland: Ljósvetninga saga and Valla-Ljóts saga (1989) [UL 752:34.c.95.46]; (B401): IV,130-47 [B427] Vápnfirðinga saga. Text: (B392):21-65. Transl.: (B397):39-77; (B399):31-59; (B401): IV,313- 34 [B428] Vatnsdœla saga. Text: E.Ó. Sveinsson, Vatnsdœla saga, Hallfreðar saga, Kormáks saga, ÍF 8 (1939), 1-131 [UL 752:1.c.3.8]. Transl.: G. Jones, The Vatnsdalers’ saga (1944) [UL 752:34.d.90.13]; (B401): IV,1-66 Biographical sagas The composition of sagas devoted to individual heroes, often outlaws, is frequently held to reflect a late development in the Icelandic saga tradition. Although this conception may well have little to recommend it, it is followed here for convenience and because many of these sagas are even more overtly unhistorical than the rest. [B429] Gísla saga Súrssonar. Text: (B391):1-118. Transl.: G. Johnston, The saga of Gisli (1963) [UL 752:34.c.95.6]; (B401): II,1-48. Commentary: A. Holtsmark, Studies in the Gísla saga, Studia Norvegica 6 (1951) [UL 593:01.c.2.2] [B430] Víga-Glúms saga. Text: (B393):1-98; E.O.G. Turville-Petre, Víga-Glúms saga, 2nd edn (1960) [UL 752:34.c.95.4]. Transl.: L.M. Hollander, Víga-Glúm’s saga and the story of Ögmund dytt (1972) [UL 752:34.c.95.19]; A. Boucher, The saga of Viga Glum (1986) [UL 752:34.c.95.45]; J. McKinnell, Viga-Glums saga with the tales of Ögmund bash and Thorvald chatterbox (1987) [UL 752:34.c.95.36]; (B401): II,267-313. Commentary: E.O.G. Turville-Petre, ‘The traditions of Víga-Glúms saga’, Transactions of the Philological Society 1936, 54-75 [B431] Many other so-called ‘post-classical family sagas’ are clearly of little direct historical value, and often blur the boundary between Íslendingasögur and other genres such as the fornaldarsögur (B470). For those interested, a few examples in translation are: D. Fox and H. Pálsson, Grettir’s saga (1974) [UL 752:34.c.95.20]; A. Boucher, The saga of Hord and the Holm-dwellers (1983) [UL 752:34.c.95.30]; J. Skaptason and P. Pulsiano, Bárðar saga, Garland library of medieval literature A:8 (1984) [UL 752:34.c.95.27]; J. Young and E. Haworth, The Fljotsdale saga and the Droplaugarsons (1990) [UL 752:34.d.95.28] Hagiography and bishops’ sagas (biskupa sögur) Translated hagiography Translated hagiography falls outside the scope of this bibliography, except in so far as it can provide extra light on the liturgy in early mediaeval Scandinavia (B780); for a concise guide to preserved texts, see: [B440] O. Widding, H. Bekker-Nielsen and L.K. Shook, ‘The lives of the saints in Old Norse prose: a handlist’, Mediaeval studies 25 (1963), 294-337; cf. also M. Cormack, ‘Saints’ lives and Icelandic literature in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries’, Sagas and saints: a symposium, edd. H. Bekker- 32
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