Scandinavian history in the Viking age - Department of Anglo-Saxon ...
Scandinavian history in the Viking age - Department of Anglo-Saxon ...
Scandinavian history in the Viking age - Department of Anglo-Saxon ...
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<strong>Scand<strong>in</strong>avian</strong> History <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vik<strong>in</strong>g Age<br />
[N257] E. Schia, Oslo <strong>in</strong>nerst i Viken: liv og virke i middelalderbyen (1991) [UL 594:6.b.95.9]<br />
[N258] E. Schia, ‘The h<strong>in</strong>terland <strong>of</strong> Oslo and its relationship to <strong>the</strong> orig<strong>in</strong>s <strong>of</strong> urban centres <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> region<br />
<strong>of</strong> Viken’, (O70):I,107-12<br />
O<strong>the</strong>r early mediaeval towns<br />
Few o<strong>the</strong>r towns <strong>in</strong> Norway show much sign <strong>of</strong> urban settlement <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vik<strong>in</strong>g <strong>age</strong>, although some (like<br />
Skien) had developed as market centres.<br />
[N260] Bergen. A.E. Herteig, ‘“Bryggen”, <strong>the</strong> medieval wharves <strong>of</strong> Bergen: topography and <strong>history</strong> <strong>of</strong><br />
construction’, (N230):49-67, and ‘“Bryggen”: economic and cultural aspects’, 68-89; K. Helle, Bergen<br />
bys historie. I: Kongssete og kjøpstad: fra opphavet til 1536 (1982) [UL 594:6.c.95.18]; K. Krzyw<strong>in</strong>ski<br />
and P.E. Kaland, ‘Bergen: from farm to town’, The Bryggen papers, supplementary series 1 (1984), 1-39<br />
[UL 593:01.b.14.1]<br />
[N261] Borgund. A.E. Herteig, ‘Borgund <strong>in</strong> Sunnmøre: topography, <strong>history</strong> <strong>of</strong> construction, state <strong>of</strong><br />
research’, (N230):23-48; H. Sørheim, ‘Borgund: en gammel kaupang, et nytt museum’, Vik<strong>in</strong>g 53 (1990),<br />
117-40 (E.s.)<br />
[N262] Skien. S. Myrvoll, ‘Trade <strong>in</strong> Telemark and <strong>the</strong> earliest settlement <strong>in</strong> Skien’, Offa 41 (1984), 41-<br />
55; S. Myrvoll, ‘The early Skien: an economic factor <strong>in</strong> late Vik<strong>in</strong>g <strong>age</strong> Grenland?’, (O56):73-90<br />
[N263] Tønsberg. J. Eriksson, ‘Early medieval Tønsberg: dat<strong>in</strong>g problems and <strong>the</strong> results’, NAR 23<br />
(1990), 9-20; J. L<strong>in</strong>dh, ‘Tønsberg: sedimentation and sea-level change, a matter <strong>of</strong> access’, (M103):215-<br />
22<br />
Sweden<br />
Urbanisation <strong>in</strong> Sweden is currently best attested <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> regions <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Svear around lake Mälaren;<br />
however, it is likely that fur<strong>the</strong>r excavations will reveal more clearly market centres and early towns<br />
elsewhere <strong>in</strong> Sweden, cf. (N271).<br />
[N270] B. Ambrosiani, ‘Specialization and urbanization <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Mälaren valley: a question <strong>of</strong> maturity’,<br />
(N20):103-12<br />
[N271] U.E. Hagberg, ‘Ports and trad<strong>in</strong>g places on Öland and <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Kalmarsund area’, (N20):139-48<br />
[N272] M. Hasselmo, ‘From early-medieval central-places to high-medieval towns: urbanization <strong>in</strong><br />
Sweden from <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> 10th century to c. 1200’, Rescue and research: reflections <strong>of</strong> society <strong>in</strong><br />
Sweden 700-1700 A.D., edd. L. Ersgård et al., Arkeologiska undersökn<strong>in</strong>gar, skrifter 2 (1992), 32-55 [UL<br />
595:2.c.95.13]<br />
Birka<br />
Dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> n<strong>in</strong>th and tenth centuries Birka was <strong>the</strong> major commercial centre <strong>in</strong> Sweden, apparently<br />
replac<strong>in</strong>g Helgö (N150 ff.); it is mentioned by Rimbert (B72), and excavations have revealed <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>tense<br />
activity conducted <strong>the</strong>re.<br />
[N280] W. Holmqvist, Swedish Vik<strong>in</strong>gs on Helgö and Birka (1979) [UL 596:3.c.95.4]<br />
[N281] B. Ambrosiani and H. Clarke, (edd.), Early <strong>in</strong>vestigations and future plans, Birka studies:<br />
<strong>in</strong>vestigations <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Black Earth 1 (1992) [UL 595:01.c.16.1]; see <strong>in</strong>itially B. Ambrosiani, ‘What is<br />
Birka?’, 10-22<br />
[N282] L. Holmquist Olausson, Aspects on Birka: <strong>in</strong>vestigations and surveys 1976-1989, Theses and<br />
papers <strong>in</strong> archaeology B:3 (1993) [UL 596:3.b.95.40]<br />
[N283] B. Ambrosiani and H. Clarke, (edd.), Excavations <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> black earth 1990, Birka studies 2 (1995)<br />
[UL 595:01.c.16.2]<br />
[N284] L. Holmquist Olausson, ‘Patterns <strong>of</strong> settlement and defence at <strong>the</strong> proto-town <strong>of</strong> Birka, Lake<br />
Mäler, eastern Sweden’, (O86):153-167<br />
On <strong>the</strong> extremely <strong>in</strong>terest<strong>in</strong>g Birka cemeteries:<br />
[N285] H. Arbman, Birka 1. Die Gräber (1940-43; repr. 1984) [UL Micr<strong>of</strong>iche.1777]<br />
[N286] G. Arwidsson, (ed.), Birka 2. Systematische Analysen der Gräberfunde, 3 vols (1984-89) [UL<br />
S592.b.93.18-19a]<br />
[N287] A.-S. Gräslund, Birka 4. The burial customs: a study <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> graves on Björkö (1980) [UL<br />
S592.b.93.21]<br />
142