Scandinavian history in the Viking age - Department of Anglo-Saxon ...

Scandinavian History in the Viking Age
[N257] E. Schia, Oslo innerst i Viken: liv og virke i middelalderbyen (1991) [UL 594:6.b.95.9]
[N258] E. Schia, ‘The hinterland of Oslo and its relationship to the origins of urban centres in the region
of Viken’, (O70):I,107-12
Other early mediaeval towns
Few other towns in Norway show much sign of urban settlement in the Viking age, although some (like
Skien) had developed as market centres.
[N260] Bergen. A.E. Herteig, ‘“Bryggen”, the medieval wharves of Bergen: topography and history of
construction’, (N230):49-67, and ‘“Bryggen”: economic and cultural aspects’, 68-89; K. Helle, Bergen
bys historie. I: Kongssete og kjøpstad: fra opphavet til 1536 (1982) [UL 594:6.c.95.18]; K. Krzywinski
and P.E. Kaland, ‘Bergen: from farm to town’, The Bryggen papers, supplementary series 1 (1984), 1-39
[UL 593:01.b.14.1]
[N261] Borgund. A.E. Herteig, ‘Borgund in Sunnmøre: topography, history of construction, state of
research’, (N230):23-48; H. Sørheim, ‘Borgund: en gammel kaupang, et nytt museum’, Viking 53 (1990),
117-40 (E.s.)
[N262] Skien. S. Myrvoll, ‘Trade in Telemark and the earliest settlement in Skien’, Offa 41 (1984), 41-
55; S. Myrvoll, ‘The early Skien: an economic factor in late Viking age Grenland?’, (O56):73-90
[N263] Tønsberg. J. Eriksson, ‘Early medieval Tønsberg: dating problems and the results’, NAR 23
(1990), 9-20; J. Lindh, ‘Tønsberg: sedimentation and sea-level change, a matter of access’, (M103):215-
22
Sweden
Urbanisation in Sweden is currently best attested in the regions of the Svear around lake Mälaren;
however, it is likely that further excavations will reveal more clearly market centres and early towns
elsewhere in Sweden, cf. (N271).
[N270] B. Ambrosiani, ‘Specialization and urbanization in the Mälaren valley: a question of maturity’,
(N20):103-12
[N271] U.E. Hagberg, ‘Ports and trading places on Öland and in the Kalmarsund area’, (N20):139-48
[N272] M. Hasselmo, ‘From early-medieval central-places to high-medieval towns: urbanization in
Sweden from the end of the 10th century to c. 1200’, Rescue and research: reflections of society in
Sweden 700-1700 A.D., edd. L. Ersgård et al., Arkeologiska undersökningar, skrifter 2 (1992), 32-55 [UL
595:2.c.95.13]
Birka
During the ninth and tenth centuries Birka was the major commercial centre in Sweden, apparently
replacing Helgö (N150 ff.); it is mentioned by Rimbert (B72), and excavations have revealed the intense
activity conducted there.
[N280] W. Holmqvist, Swedish Vikings on Helgö and Birka (1979) [UL 596:3.c.95.4]
[N281] B. Ambrosiani and H. Clarke, (edd.), Early investigations and future plans, Birka studies:
investigations in the Black Earth 1 (1992) [UL 595:01.c.16.1]; see initially B. Ambrosiani, ‘What is
Birka?’, 10-22
[N282] L. Holmquist Olausson, Aspects on Birka: investigations and surveys 1976-1989, Theses and
papers in archaeology B:3 (1993) [UL 596:3.b.95.40]
[N283] B. Ambrosiani and H. Clarke, (edd.), Excavations in the black earth 1990, Birka studies 2 (1995)
[UL 595:01.c.16.2]
[N284] L. Holmquist Olausson, ‘Patterns of settlement and defence at the proto-town of Birka, Lake
Mäler, eastern Sweden’, (O86):153-167
On the extremely interesting Birka cemeteries:
[N285] H. Arbman, Birka 1. Die Gräber (1940-43; repr. 1984) [UL Microfiche.1777]
[N286] G. Arwidsson, (ed.), Birka 2. Systematische Analysen der Gräberfunde, 3 vols (1984-89) [UL
S592.b.93.18-19a]
[N287] A.-S. Gräslund, Birka 4. The burial customs: a study of the graves on Björkö (1980) [UL
S592.b.93.21]
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