Scandinavian history in the Viking age - Department of Anglo-Saxon ...
Scandinavian history in the Viking age - Department of Anglo-Saxon ...
Scandinavian history in the Viking age - Department of Anglo-Saxon ...
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<strong>Scand<strong>in</strong>avian</strong> History <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vik<strong>in</strong>g Age<br />
[L203] M. Anglert, Kyrkor och herravälde: från kristnande till sockenbildn<strong>in</strong>g i Skåne, Lund studies <strong>in</strong><br />
medieval archaeology 16 (1995) [UL 1999.9.4161] (E.s.); a wider study <strong>of</strong> Skåne than <strong>the</strong> title suggests<br />
[L204] A.C. Bonnier, ‘Kyrkor, dopfuntar och gravmonument’, (L63):181-214 (E.s.)<br />
[L205] S. Br<strong>in</strong>k, ‘New perspectives on <strong>the</strong> christianisation <strong>of</strong> Scand<strong>in</strong>avia and <strong>the</strong> organisation <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
early Church’, (O89):163-75<br />
Episcopal organisation<br />
[L210] The earliest ‘bishoprics’ are recorded <strong>in</strong> tenth-century Denmark, see (B730): I,411 and II,440-41<br />
for charters <strong>of</strong> Otto I (965) and Otto III (988) free<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> Danish bishoprics from duties; <strong>the</strong> first<br />
document lists three bishops, <strong>of</strong> Sleswig, Ribe, and Århus, and <strong>the</strong> second adds Odense. These bishoprics<br />
are however likely to have been little more (or perhaps not even as much as) missionary centres, and <strong>the</strong><br />
same applies to most episcopal centres <strong>in</strong> eleventh-century Scand<strong>in</strong>avia<br />
For useful catalogues <strong>of</strong> bishops with biographical notes see:<br />
[L211] O. Kolsrud, ‘Den norske Kirkes Erkebiskoper og Biskoper <strong>in</strong>dtil Reformationen’, (B720) XVII:B<br />
Tillæg (1913), 177-360 [UL 593:1.c.85.18b]<br />
[L212] H. Kluger, (ed.), Series episcoporum ecclesiae catholicae occidentalis ab <strong>in</strong>itio usque ad annum<br />
MCXCVIII, series VI: Britannia, Scotia et Hibernia, Scand<strong>in</strong>avia, II: Archiepiscopatus Lundensis (1992)<br />
[UL R100.18]; very useful survey <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>history</strong> <strong>of</strong> Lund and its Danish bishoprics, with <strong>in</strong>dividual<br />
biographies and many references, but <strong>in</strong> Lat<strong>in</strong><br />
For actual specific studies:<br />
[L213] P. K<strong>in</strong>g, ‘The ca<strong>the</strong>dral priory <strong>of</strong> Odense <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> middle <strong>age</strong>s’, SBVS 16 (1962-65), 192-214<br />
[L214] A.E. Christensen, ‘Archbishop Asser, <strong>the</strong> Emperor and <strong>the</strong> Pope: <strong>the</strong> first archbishop <strong>of</strong> Lund and<br />
his struggle for <strong>the</strong> <strong>in</strong>dependence <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Nordic church’, SJH 1 (1976), 25-42<br />
[L215] A.O. Johnsen, ‘“Siwardus episcopus ubsallensis”: om den første biskop i Uppsala’, KÅ 1981, 29-<br />
38 (E.s.)<br />
[L216] G. Smedberg, ‘Uppsala stifts äldsta historia’, KÅ 1983, 58-77 (E.s.)<br />
[L217] A. Bergqvist, ‘The papal legate: Nicholas Breakspear’s <strong>Scand<strong>in</strong>avian</strong> mission’, Adrian IV, <strong>the</strong><br />
English pope (1154-1159), edd. B. Bolton and A. J. Duggan (2003), 41-48.<br />
[L218] K. Eliasen, ‘Oversigt over det færøske bispesædes historie’, FSR 43 (1995), 11-21<br />
Early churches and parishes<br />
[L220] The earliest churches seem frequently to have been large central foundations, <strong>of</strong>ten on royal land,<br />
designed to serve as missionary bases. When churches beg<strong>in</strong> to appear <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> late eleventh century on a<br />
more local basis, <strong>the</strong>y <strong>of</strong>ten seem to <strong>in</strong>volve a deal <strong>of</strong> cont<strong>in</strong>uity with earlier cult-sites (cf. (K125 ff.,<br />
L11)), which seems to reflect <strong>the</strong> practices <strong>of</strong> major landowners establish<strong>in</strong>g new religious centres on<br />
<strong>the</strong>ir own land. Many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se foundations seem accord<strong>in</strong>gly to have been private churches or chapels,<br />
and a full parish system could not develop until <strong>the</strong> development <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ti<strong>the</strong>, which was gradually<br />
<strong>in</strong>troduced <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> various parts <strong>of</strong> Scand<strong>in</strong>avia at <strong>the</strong> end <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> eleventh but mostly dur<strong>in</strong>g <strong>the</strong> twelfth<br />
century<br />
[L221] O. Ferm and S. Rahmqvist, ‘Stormannakyrkor i Uppland under äldre medeltid’, Studier i äldre<br />
historia tillägnade Herman Schück 5/4 1985, ed. R. Sandberg (1985), 67-83 [UL 592:1.c.95.25]<br />
[L222] P. Sawyer, ‘Dioceses and parishes <strong>in</strong> twelfth-century Scand<strong>in</strong>avia’, (I163): 36-45<br />
[L223] S. Br<strong>in</strong>k, Sockenbildn<strong>in</strong>g och sockennamn: studier i äldre territoriell <strong>in</strong>deln<strong>in</strong>g i Norden, Studier<br />
till en svensk ortnamnsatlas 14, Acta Academiae Regiae Gustavi Adolphi 57 (1990) [UL 498:01.c.2.13]<br />
(E.s.)<br />
[L224] O. Ferm, (ed.), Kyrka och socken i medeltidens Sverige, Studier till det medeltida Sverige 5<br />
(1991) [UL 595:01.c.13.1005]<br />
[L225] J. Sandnes, ‘Middelalderens Trøndelag: den kirkelige organisasjon i landsdelen, fylkeskirker,<br />
sognekirker, klostre’, Hiku<strong>in</strong> 20 (1993), 105-12<br />
[L226] S. Br<strong>in</strong>k, ‘Tidig kyrklig organisation i Norden: aktörerna i sockenbildn<strong>in</strong>gen’, (L63):269-90<br />
(E.s.)<br />
120