Scandinavian history in the Viking age - Department of Anglo-Saxon ...
Scandinavian history in the Viking age - Department of Anglo-Saxon ...
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<strong>Scand<strong>in</strong>avian</strong> History <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> Vik<strong>in</strong>g Age<br />
[L158] J. Staecker, ‘Search<strong>in</strong>g for <strong>the</strong> unknown: Gotland’s churchyards from a gender and missionary<br />
perspective’, LAR 1996, 63-86; on possible Russian or Byzant<strong>in</strong>e missions <strong>in</strong> Gotland<br />
[L159] G. Andersson, ‘A struggle for control: reflections on <strong>the</strong> change <strong>of</strong> religion <strong>in</strong> a rural context <strong>in</strong><br />
<strong>the</strong> eastern Mälaren valley’, (O80):353-72<br />
[L160] J. Kieffer-Olsen, ‘Christianity and Christian burial: <strong>the</strong> religious background, and <strong>the</strong> transition<br />
from paganism to Christianity, from <strong>the</strong> perspective <strong>of</strong> a churchyard archaeologist’, (M300):185-89<br />
Art<br />
[L161] J. Staecker, ‘The cross goes north: Christian symbols and <strong>Scand<strong>in</strong>avian</strong> women’, (O87):463-82<br />
[L162] J. Staecker, Rex regum et dom<strong>in</strong>us dom<strong>in</strong>orum. Die vik<strong>in</strong>gerzeitlichen Kreuz- und<br />
Kruzifixanhänger als ansdruch der Mission <strong>in</strong> Altdänemark und Schweden. Lund Studies <strong>in</strong> Archaeology<br />
23 (1999).<br />
Runestones and <strong>in</strong>scriptions<br />
The conversion period saw an explosion <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> popularity <strong>of</strong> raised runestones bear<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>scriptions,<br />
which seem to have had many functions (C90 ff.). One <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>ir most strik<strong>in</strong>g characteristics is <strong>the</strong> great<br />
number which are clearly Christian, while even very few <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> rest are not dist<strong>in</strong>ctively pagan; for<br />
fur<strong>the</strong>r references to <strong>the</strong> art-work, see (M170 ff.). Alongside testify<strong>in</strong>g to Christian <strong>in</strong>fluence o<strong>the</strong>rwise<br />
little attested (such as <strong>in</strong> central Sweden (F95)), <strong>the</strong> contents <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se <strong>in</strong>scriptions can also tell us about<br />
missionary activity (through th<strong>in</strong>gs like loanwords) and give us a small but unique glimpse <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong><br />
conception <strong>of</strong> Christianity among <strong>Scand<strong>in</strong>avian</strong>s <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> conversion period. For a recent overview <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
material, see (C95), chap. 6: ‘Conversion’.<br />
[L165] E. Segelberg, ‘Missionshistoriska aspekter på run<strong>in</strong>skrifterna’, KÅ 1983, 45-57 (E.s.)<br />
[L166] A.-S. Gräslund, ‘Runstenar, bygd och gravar’, Tor 21 (1986-87), 241-62 (E.s.)<br />
[L167] L. Wilson, Runstenar och kyrkor: en studie med utgångspunkt från runstenar som påträffats i<br />
kyrkomiljö i Uppland och Södermanland, OPIA 8 (1994) [UL 596:3.c.95.13] (E.s.)<br />
[L168] H. Christiansson, ‘Den onda ormen: runstensornamentikens kristna budskap; ett tolkn<strong>in</strong>gsforsök’,<br />
Tor 27 (1995), 449-57 (E.s.)<br />
[L169] H. Williams, ‘Vad säger runstenarna om Sveriges kristnande?’, (L63):45-83 (E.s.), also <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong><br />
same volume ‘Runstentexternas teologi’, 291-312 (E.s.)<br />
[L170] P. Beskow, ‘Runic <strong>in</strong>scriptions, liturgy and eschatology’, (O78):77-89; also ‘Runor och liturgi’,<br />
(L13):16-36<br />
[L171] J.R. Hagland, ‘Note on two runic <strong>in</strong>scriptions relat<strong>in</strong>g to <strong>the</strong> Christianization <strong>of</strong> Norway and<br />
Sweden’, SI 49 (1998), 34-44<br />
[L172] J.R. Hagland, ‘Innskrifta på Kuliste<strong>in</strong>en: ei nyles<strong>in</strong>g med hjelp av Jan O.H. Swantessons<br />
mikrokarter<strong>in</strong>gsteknologi’, Innskrifter og dater<strong>in</strong>g: dat<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>scriptions, Senter for middelalderstudier<br />
skrifter 8, edd. A. Dybdahl and J.R. Hagland (1998), 129-39 [ASNC] (E.s.)<br />
[L173] L. L<strong>age</strong>r, ‘Den osynliga tron. Runstenskors som en spegl<strong>in</strong>g av kristnandet i Sverige’, OPIA 31<br />
(2002)<br />
[L174] L. L<strong>age</strong>r, ‘Runestones and <strong>the</strong> conversion <strong>of</strong> Sweden’, (O87):497-508<br />
Liturgy<br />
The liturgical manuscripts <strong>of</strong> mediaeval Scand<strong>in</strong>avia (B780) conta<strong>in</strong> numerous forms <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>fluence from<br />
foreign, particularly British, churches.<br />
[L175] J. Toy, ‘The commemorations <strong>of</strong> British sa<strong>in</strong>ts <strong>in</strong> <strong>the</strong> medieval liturgical manuscripts <strong>of</strong><br />
Scand<strong>in</strong>avia’, KÅ 1983, 91-103<br />
[L176] S. Helander, ‘Liturg<strong>in</strong> som källa till Sveriges kristnande’, (L63):159-80 (E.s.)<br />
Christian term<strong>in</strong>ology<br />
The earliest Christian loanwords <strong>in</strong> Scand<strong>in</strong>avia can similarly give us some idea <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> directions and<br />
impact <strong>of</strong> missionary activities from various sources, as well as provid<strong>in</strong>g an <strong>in</strong>sight <strong>in</strong>to <strong>the</strong> state <strong>of</strong><br />
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