Paper 21 reading list - Faculty of History

The Faculty Reading Lists for Part I papers are revised annually to a greater or lesser extent. In designing examinations, setters
take into account both reading lists operative during a two-year period.
Please note: some parts of the following list are very detailed. Your supervisor will point out
the key texts. Please remember that this paper is general and comparative. You should avoid
over-concentration on one particular region or period.
2011-12
P A P E R 2 1 : E M P I R E S I N W O R L D H I S T O R Y C . 1 4 0 0 - 1 9 1 4 .
Note: this is a guide to themes, questions and reading, not a prescribed syllabus
The paper considers the ‘expansion of Europe’ against the background of major changes and developments in other
world societies. It seeks to account for the expansion of European territorial empires, first in the New World, later in
Asia and Africa. It examines the significance and impact of the resistance of non-European peoples to European
dominance and the beginnings of nationalist movements in the late nineteenth century.
G E N E R A L : E X P A N D I N G E U R O P E & I T S C O M P E T I T O R S
K Pomeranz The Great Divergence (2000)
F. Cooper, Colonialism in Question (2005)
J Darwin After Tamerlane (2007)
MGS Hodgson Rethinking World History (1993)
G Scammell The World Encompassed [read for topics 1–4]; The First Imperial Age, 1400–1715 (1989)
A Pagden Lords of all the World: Ideologies of Empire in Spain, Britain and France 1500–1800 (1995)
G Parker The Military Revolution (1988)
WH McNeill The Pursuit of Power (1982)
J Iliffe Africans (1995)
PJ Marshall (ed.) The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire (1996)
CA Bayly The Birth of the Modern World (2004)
P Kennedy The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers (1988)
AN Porter An Atlas of British Overseas Expansion
FC Robinson An Atlas of the Islamic World since 1500 (1992)
Joachim Radakau Nature and power. A global history of the environment (2008)
I Lapidus A History of Islamic Societies
Megan Vaughan ‘Africa and the birth of the modern world’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society,
2006, 143-62
AG Hopkins (ed.) Globalisation in World History
AG Hopkins ‘Overseas expansion, imperialism, and empire 1815–1914’, in TCW Blanning (ed.), The
Nineteenth Century
R Drayton ‘Maritime networks and the making of knowledge’ in D Cannadine (ed.) Empire, the sea and
global history (2007)
Adam Mckeown, ‘Global migration 1846-1940’, Journal of World History, 15, 2, 2004.
J Richards The unending frontier. An environmental history of the early modern world (2004)
Lauren Benton Law and Colonial Cultures (2002)
1 S P A N I S H A M E R I C A
a) How far was the Spanish monarchy in America merely a successor state, built on indigenous foundations?
Or
b) ‘Was the development of Spain’s imperial administrative system after 1500 due more to metropolitan agendas or
American contingencies?

1: The New World Before the European Invasion
Alcock, Susan and Terence D’Altroy, eds. Empires: Perspectives from Archaeology and History. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2001.
Brumfiel, Elizabeth. “Aztec hearts and minds: religion and the state in the Aztec empire.” In: Susan Alcock and Terence
D’Altroy, Empires, 283-310.
Cohen, Paul. Was there an Amerindian Atlantic? Reflections on the limits of a historiographical concept. History of
European Ideas, vol. 34, issue 4, Dec. 2008, 388-410.
Covey, Alan. “The Inca Empire.” In: Helaine Silverman and William H. Isbell. Handbook of South American
Archaeology. Springer: New York, 2008, 809-830. (available online).
Smith, Michael. “The Aztec Empire and the Mesoamerican World System.” In: Alcock and D’Altroy, Empires, 128-154.
2. Conquest
Suzanne Alchon. A Pest in the Land: New World Epidemics in a Global Perspective. Albuquerque: University of New
Mexico Press, 2003.
Cook, N. David. Born to Die: Disease and New World conquest, 1492-1650. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
1998.
Greenblatt, Stephen. Marvelous Possessions: The wonder of the New World. Oxford: Clarendon, 1991.
Matthew, Laura and Michel Oudijk, eds. Indian conquistadors: Indigenous allies in the conquest of Mesoamerica.
Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2007.
McNeill, William. Plagues and People. New York: Anchor Books Doubleday, 1998 (electronic book).
Restall, Mathew. Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. (available online).
3. The First Globalization
Bakewell, Peter. A History of Latin America: Empires and Sequels, 1450-1930. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.
Bauer, Arnold J. Goods, Power, History:Latin America’s Material Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2001.
Benjamin, Thomas. The Atlantic World: Europeans, Africans, Indians and their shared history, 1400-1900. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Elliott, John H. Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America, 1492-1830. New Haven: Yale University
Press, 2006.
Klein, Herbert and Ben Vinson III, African Slavery in Latin America and the Caribbean. 2 nd edition. New York: Oxford
University Press, 2007.
Mintz, Sidney. Sweetness and Power. New York: Viking Pinguin, 1985.
Moya Pons, Frank. History of the Caribbean. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
PJ Bakewell A History of Latin America, c. 1450 to the present. Malden: Blackwell, 2004.
D Brading The First America (1991), Part 1
A. Cañeque The King’s Living Image: The Culture and Politics of Viceregal Power in Colonial Mexico.
New York: Routledge, 2004. (Chapter 4).
K. Deagan “Dynamics of imperial adjustment in Spanish America: Ideology and social integration.” In:
Alcock, S. and Terence D’Altroy, eds. Empires, Perspectives from Archaeology and History,
179-194.
S Schwartz (ed.) Implicit Understandings: observing encounters in the early modern era (1994), chapter by
Lockhart on Nahua
A Pagden Lords of all the World
L. Bethell Cambridge History of Latin America
D. Watts, The West Indies, chapter 2 and 3.
J. Lockhart and S. Schwartz, Early Latin America

C. H. Haring, The Spanish Empire in America
J. H. Elliott, Empires of the Atlantic World (2006)
S. Gruzinski, The Mestizo Mind
J. Delburgo and N. Dew, eds., Science and Empire in the Atlantic World, chapter by Sandman
J-P Moreau, Les Petites Antilles de Christophe Colomb a Richelieu, chapters 1-4
N. Whitehead, ed. Wolves from the Sea, chapter by Sued Badillo
J. Sued Badillo, ed., The Unesco General History of the Caribbean, Volume I (2004), chapters 7-9.
J. Sued Badillo, El Dorado Borincano (2000)
Latin America
S. J. Stern, Peru’s Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest
GA Collier (ed.) The Inca and Aztec States 1400–1800
I Clendinnen Aztecs: An Interpretation (1991)
N Farriss Maya Society under Colonial Rule
A. Knight Mexico: The Colonial Era. Cambridge: CUP, 2006
M. Restall Seven Myths of the Spanish Conquest. Oxford: OUP, 2003.
T. Saignes “The Colonial Condition in the Quechua-Aymara Heartland.” In: Salomon, Frank and S.
Schwartz, eds. The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, vol. III, part 2,
pp. 59-137.
C. Townsend “Burying the White Gods: New Perspectives on the Conquest of Mexico.” The American
Historical Review, 108:3, 2003.
2 P O R T U G U E S E E M P I R E
a) ‘More of a predatory than a commercial system’. Discuss this view of the Portuguese. or
b) Why were the Portuguese more ‘successful’ in Brazil than in Africa and Asia?
The Portuguese Expansion
Portuguese Expansion
PJ Bakewell History of Latin America (1997), 295–348
D. Studnicki-Gizbert, A Nation Upon the Ocean Sea: Portugal’s Atlantic Diaspora and the Crisis of the Spanish
American Empire, 1492-1640 (2007)
Malyn Newitt, A History of Portuguese Expansion, 1400-1668 (Routledge, 2005).
F Bethencourt and D R Couto (eds) Portuguese Oceanic Expansion, 1400-1800 (2007) essays by Schwartz, Pearson,
Thornton and Armesto.
G Scammell ‘Indigenous Assistance’, MAS (1980)
M Pearson & B Kling (eds) Age of Partnership, chapter by Pearson
J Villiers ‘Portugal and the Bandas’, MAS (Oct 1981)
JC Boyajian Portuguese Trade in Asia under the Habsburgs, esp. chapter 5
C. Boxer, “"Some considerations on Portuguese Colonial Historiography"”, in Historiography of Europeans in
Africa and Asia, 1450-1800, Vol. 4, ed. A. Disney (Ashgate, 1995).
Africa/Asia
A Disney (ed.), Vasco da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia (2005) essays by Prakash, Couto Winius.
L Andaya The World of Malaku: Eastern Indonesia in the early modern period (1993)
N Steensgard Asian Trade Revolution of 17th Century
J Disney Twilight of the Pepper Empire
N Tarling (ed.) Cambridge History of S.E. Asia, vol. 1, chapters 6–8
D Birmingham & P Martin (eds) History of Central Africa vol. 1, chapters 1, 4 and 6
S Subrahmanyam Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700 (1997)
LF Thomasz ‘Faction, interests and messianism: the politics of Portuguese expansion in the East, Indian Ec & Soc
Hist Review 28, 1 (1991)
M Newitt History of Mozambique, chapters 1–3
D Birmingham Portugal and Africa (1999)
D Birmingham Trade and Empire in the Atlantic, 1400-1600 (2000)
P Machado, ‘“Without scales and balances:” Gujarati merchants in Mozambique, 1680s-1800’ Portuguese Studies
Review 9 (2001) pp. 254-288
J Thornton The Kingdom of Kongo (1983), esp. ch 6
A. Strathern, Kingship and conversion in 16 th century Sri Lanka

New World
L. Bethell, ed. Colonial Brazil (Cambridge UP, 1997). Chapters 5, 6, & 7.
SB Schwartz Sugar Plantations in the Formation of Brazilian Society
K. Maxwell Naked Tropics: Essays on Empire and Other Rogues (Routledge, 2004),
B. Diffie, A history of colonial Brazil, 1500-1792 (Florida, 1987). Chapters 1-6.
A.J.R Russell-Wood, Society and government in colonial Brazil, 1500-1822 (Aldershot, 1992).
H. B. Johnson, ‘The leasing of Brazil, 1502-1515: a problem resolved?’ The Americas, 55, n.3 (Jan 1999): 481-487.
C. Boxer, Dutch in Brazil, 1624-54 (Hamden, 1973).
J. Lang, Portuguese Brazil: the king’s plantation (New York, 1979). Chapters 1, 2 and 3
C. Boxer, Race relations in the Portuguese colonial empire (Oxford, 1963). Chapter 3.
A.J.R Russell-Wood, The black man in slavery and freedom in colonial Brazil
3 T H E E X P A N S I O N O F C H R I S T I A N I T Y
Why did certain non-European peoples (and not others) ‘convert’ to Christianity?
a) before 1800? or
b) after 1800?
(3a)
A Pagden The Fall of Natural Man: The America Indian and the Origins of Comparative Ethnology
(1982)
N Farris Maya Society under Colonial Rule, 286–355
PJ Marshall (ed.) Oxford History of the British Empire (OHBE) II, 1999 chapter 6 by Schlenther
A.N. Porter Religion versus Empire? British Protestant Missions and Overseas Expansion 1700-1914
S. Gruzinski, The Mestizo Mind (2004)
K Mills and A. Grafton, eds. Conversion: Old Worlds and New (2003)
S Bayly Saints, Goddesses and Kings: Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society (1989),
chapters 9–10
CR Boxer Japan’s Christian Century
AH Rowbotham Missionary and Mandarin
Jonathan D Spence The Memory Palace of Matteo Ricci
J Gernet China and the Christian Impact (1985)
GB Sansom Western World and Japan, 72–86, 115–33 and 152–64
N Tarling (ed.) Cambridge History of Southeast Asia vol. 1, chapter 9
V Raphael Contracting Colonialism: translation and conversion in Tagalog society under early Spanish
rule (1988)
A Strathern, ‘Transcendentalist intransigence. Why rulers rejected monotheism in southeast Asia and
beyond.’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 49, April 2007.
E Kenton Black Gown and Redskins 1610–1791
HW Bowden American Indians and Christian Missions
A Hastings The Church in Africa 1450–1950 (1994)
JK Thornton ‘An African Catholic Church in the Kongo’, JAH 25 (1984), 146–67
(3b) post-1800
The state and mission
AN Porter Religion versus empire? British Protestant missionaries and overseas expansion, 1700-1914
(2004)
Culture and mission
Anna Johnston Missionary writing and empire, 1800-1860 (2003)
Susan Thorne Congregational missions and the making of an imperial culture (1999)
J & J Comaroff Of revelation and revolution (1991)
A Porter ‘‘Cultural imperialism’ and British expansion in the long nineteenth century’ in JICH 25
(1997), pp.367-91; a response to the tradition of works above
Ideologies and mission
Brian Stanley ed. Christian missions and the Enlightenment (2001)
Geoffrey Oddie Imagined Hinduism: British protestant missionary constructions of Hinduism, 1793-1900
(2006)
Sujit Sivasundaram Nature and the godly empire: science and evangelical mission in the Pacific (2005)
Nola Cooke ‘Early nineteenth century Vietnamese Catholics’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 35, 2004.

Responses
JD Spence God’s Chinese Son (1996)
Richard Fox Young Resistant Hinduism (1981)
Niel Gunson ‘An account of the mamaia or visionary heresy of Tahiti’ in Journal of Polynesian Society 71
(1962), pp. 209-43
Africa
JFA Ajayi Christian Missions in Nigeria 1841–1914 (1965)
A Hastings The Church in Africa 1450–1950 (1994)
JDY Peel Religious Encounter and the Making of the Yoruba (2001), esp. chapters 1 and 8
R Elphick & R Davenport Christianity in South Africa (1997), Part 1
R Horton ‘African conversion’, Africa 41 (1971)
H Fisher ‘Conversion reconsidered’, Africa 43 (1973)
P Landau The Realm of the Word (1995)
4 T H E D U T C H & T H E I R C O M P E T I T O R S
a) ‘The First Capitalist Empire’. Discuss this view of Dutch expansion. or
b) How far had Dutch influence modified non-European economies and societies before 1800?
J Israel Dutch Primacy in World Trade 1585–1740; Empires and Entrepots
Scammell, Steensgaard, Boyajian, Andaya as under ‘General’ and topic 2 above
H Furber Rival Empires of Trade
G Parker The Military Revolution (1988), chapters 3 and 4
L Blusse & F Gaastra (eds) Companies and Trade (1981)
K Chaudhuri Trade and Civilisation in the Indian Ocean, chapter 4
A Reid Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, vol. 1, The lands below the wilds; vol. 2, Expansion
and Crisis
M Ricklefs A History of Modern Indonesia, chapters 1–4 (2nd edn, 1993)
I Habib & T Raychaudhuri Cambridge Economic History of India, vol. 2
O Prakash The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal, esp. conclusion
A Das Gupta Malabar in Asian Trade 1740–1800 (1967)
Alicia Schrikker, Dutch and British Colonial Intervention in Sri Lanka, 1780-1815 (2007), pp. 1-140 [SAS]
R Elphick & H Giliomee (eds) The Shaping of South African Society 1652–1840 (1989)
Leonard Blusse Strange Company: Chinese Settlers, Mestizo Women and the Dutch in VOC Batavia (1986)
Leonard Blusse Visible cities. Canton, Nagasaki and Batavia and the coming of the Americans (2008)
Heather Sutherland ‘The Makssar Malays: adaptation and identity c. 1660-1790’, Journal of Southeast Asian Studies,
32, 2001.
JG Taylor The Social World of Batavia: Europeans and Eurasions in Dutch Asia
N Canny (ed.) OHBE, I (1998), chapter 19 by J Israel
A Brugh and T Veenstra, ‘The Creolization of Dutch (Afrikaans, Negerhollands, and Berbice Dutch)’, Jl of Pidgin and
Creole Languages, April 1993, No 8/1, pp. 29-80
C. Goslinga, The Dutch in the Caribbean and on the Wild Coast
C. Boxer, The Dutch in Brazil
W. Klooster, Illicit Riches: Dutch Trade in the Caribbean
P. Emmer, The Dutch in the Atlantic Economy, 1580-1880
J. M. Postma, The Dutch in the African Slave Trade, 1620-1815
O. A. Rink, Holland on the Hudson: An Economic and Social History of Dutch New York
5. THE MULTI-ETHNIC EMPIRES OF THE EXTRA-EUROPEAN WORLD
‘Despite differences in religion and culture, the Ottoman, Mughal and Qing Empires had much in
common, even in their decline’ Discuss.
General:
Darwin, After Tamerlane; Bayly, Birth of the Modern World, Ch 1.-3; Pomeranz, The great divergence, Marshall
Hodgson, Gunpowder empires; Hodgson, Rethinking world history; Karen Barkey, Empire of
differences. The Ottomans in comparative perspective(2008)

Ottomans:
Suraiya Faroqhi, Approaching Ottoman history: an introduction to the sources (1999), introduction, 1-26
Donald Quataert, Ottoman Empire 1700-1922
Erik J Zurcher, Turkey: a modern history (1997), pp. 1-80.
Virginia Aksan, Locating the Ottomans among early modern empires’, Journal of Modern History, 3, 1999.
Huri Islamoglu, ‘Modernities compared…the Qing and Ottoman empires, Journal of Early Modern History, 3, 1999.
Mughals:
J. F. Richards, The Mughal Empire, NCHI
Muzaffar Alam and Sanjay Subrahmanyam (eds.), The Mughal Empire.
Stephen P. Blake, Shahjahanabad. The sovereign city in Mughal India
J Heesterman, ‘Western expansion; Indian reaction: Mughal Empire and British Raj’, in J C Heesterman, The Inner
Conflict of Tradition, Chicago, 1985
Stewart Gordon The Marathas, Marauders and State Formation
Qing:
J. Spence, In search of modern China
R. Bin Wong, China Transformed
E. Rawski. The Last Emperors
Pomeranz, The Great Divergence
Philip Kuhn, Soulstealers
6 B R I T I S H E X P A N S I O N I N I N D I A (see also topic 8 below)
a) Why and how did the British move from trade to dominion in India? or
b) ‘British India was created by Indians’.
P J Marshall The making and unmaking of empires. Britain, India and America, 1750-83 (2005)
Lawrence Stone (ed.) An Imperial State at War, chapter 12 by Bayly
R Travers Ideology and empire in eighteenth century India (2007)
R Travers ‘The eighteenth century in India,’ Eighteenth century Studies’, 2008 (on line)
G Johnson (ed.) A Cultural Atlas of India
PJ Marshall ‘Reappraisals: the rise of British power in 18th-century India’, South Asia 19, 1 (1996);
Problems of Empire: Britain and India; Bengal: The British Bridgehead (NCHI, 1987), esp.
chapter 3; ‘British in Oudh’, MAS (1975); (ed.) OHBE, II, chapters 1, 22–24 by Marshall,
Ray, Bowen
P Nightingale Trade and Empire in Western India 1784–1806 (1970)
L Subramanian Indigenous Capital and Imperial Expansion
E Ingram (ed.) Two Views of British India [documents 1798–1801: Dundas and Wellesley] (1969)
H Bowen Revenue and Reform (1995)
R Barnett North India Between Empires, 1720–1801 (1980)
R Datta Society, Economy and the Market in Rural Bengal 1760–1800 (Delhi, 2000)
CA Bayly Indian Society and The Making of the British Empire (NCHI, 1987), chapters 1–3; Empire
and Information (1996), chs 2–3; ‘The first age of global imperialism 1760–1830’, JICH 26, 2
(1988)
Sudipta Sen Distant sovereignty
Nicholas Dirks The scandal of empire (2005)
T Raychaudhuri Chapter in Cambridge Economic History of India, vol. 2
DA Washbrook ‘Progress and Problems’, MAS (1988)
M Fisher Indirect Rule in India (1991), 1–66, 123–227, 269–363
“ & Alavi Essays in MAS 1 (1993)
Introduction, Washbrook, Travers in ‘The transition to Colonialism’, MAS, 2, 2004.

7 T H E S L A V E T R A D E : A F R I C A & T H E B R I T I S H C A R I B B E A N
a) Did Britain abolish the slave trade only because its contribution to the Atlantic economy had ceased to be
crucial?
b) Analyse the demographic, political and socio-economic consequences of the Atlantic slave trade for West African
societies.
Or: How far were Africans willing agents rather than helpless victims of the Atlantic trade?
Or: To what extent did African economic and political interests shape the Atlantic slave trade?
(7a)
The big picture
PK O’Brien ‘Metanarratives in Global Histories of Progress’, International History Review 23, 2 (2001),
345–67
AG Hopkins (ed) Globalization in World History (2002), chapter by Drayton
C Robinson ‘Capitalism, Slavery, and Bourgeois Historiography’, History Workshop Journal 23 (1987),
122–40
O Petré-Grenouilleau, Les Traites Negrières: Essai d’histoire globale (2004
The debate
E Williams Capitalism and Slavery (1944; reprint 1966)
SL Engerman & ED Genovese (eds) Race and Slavery in the Western Hemisphere (1975), chapter by Anstey
V Rubin & A Tuden (eds) Comparative Perspectives on Slavery (1977), chapters by Curtin, Anstey, & Drescher
S Drescher Econocide: British Slavery in the Era of Abolition (1977)
“ ‘Whose abolition? popular pressure and the ending of the British slave trade’, Past & Present
138 (1993), 136–66
“ ‘The long goodbye: Dutch capitalism & anti-slavery in comparative perspective’, American
Hist R 99 (1994), 44–69
D Eltis Economic Growth and the Ending of the Transatlantic Slave Trade (1987)
“ & J Walvin (eds) The Abolition of the Atlantic Slave Trade (1981), Introduction and Part 1
“ & LC Jennings ‘Trade between West Africa & the Atlantic world in the pre-colonial era’, American Hist
R 93 (1988), 936–59
PD Curtin The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex (1990)
M Craton, J Walvin, & D Wright (eds) Slavery, Abolition, & Emancipation, Parts 1, 2, 4, 5
L Colley Britons (1992), 350–60
BL Solow (ed.) Slavery and the Rise of the Atlantic System (1991), Introduction, chapters 5 and 8
“ & SL Engerman (eds) British Capitalism and Caribbean Slavery: the legacy of Eric Williams (1987)
RL Stein The French Slave Trade in the Eighteenth Century
Ian Bancom, Specters of the Atlantic: Finance Capital, Slavery, and the Philosophy of History
C. Brown, Moral Capital: Foundations of British Abolitionism
Recent summaries
N Canny OHBE, I (1998), chapter 10 by Beckles
PJ Marshall OHBE, II (1998), chapter 20 by Richardson
(7b)
W Rodney How Europe underdeveloped Africa (1972 & later edns), chapters 3–4 for an uncomplicated
view
J Iliffe Africans (1995), chapter 7, for a more complex one
AG Hopkins Economic History of West Africa (1973), chapter 3
P Manning Slavery and African Life (1990)
J Thornton Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World (1992)
N Canny (ed.) OHBE, I (1998), chapters 2 and 11
JE Inikori & SL Engerman (eds.) The Atlantic Slave Trade: Effects on Economics, Societies and People . . . (1992)
D Eltis & LC Jennings ‘Trade between west Africa & the Atlantic world in the pre-colonial era’, American Hist R 93
(1988), 936–59
P Lovejoy & D Richardson ‘British abolition and (West African) slave prices 1883–1850’, J EcHist 55 (1995)
R Law (ed.) From Slave Trade to ‘Legitimate’ Commerce (1995), Introduction, chapters 1–2, 4
JC Miller Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism & the Angolan Slave Trade (1988), Preface and chs 1–5,
11, 19
J Vansina Paths in the Rainforests (1990), chapter 7
JM Janzen ‘Ideologies and institutions in African therapeutic systems’, Social Science and Medicine 13B
(1979), 317–26
CC Robertson & MA Klein (eds) Women and Slavery in Africa (1983)

Patrick Manning, ‘Africa and the African Diaspora: New Directions of Study’, JAH, 44 (2003)
Jean-Francois Bayart, ‘Africa in the World: a History of Extraversion’, African Affairs, 99 (2000).
Isidore Okpewho et al eds, African Diaspora: African Origins and New World Identities (2001)
Paul Gilory, The Black Atlantic (1992)
David Northrup, Africa’s Discovery of Europe, 1450-1850 (Oxford, 2002)
Vincent Carretta, Equiano , the African : Biography of a Self-Made Man (2005)
Sources
P Edwards (ed) Equiano’s Travels (1967) [There are many later editions of Olaudah Equiano’s life as a slave]
E Donnan (ed.) Documents Illustrative of the Slave Trade, vol. 1, 282–301; vol. 2, 393–417, 632–42 [UL]
a) J Thornton The Kongolese Saint Anthony (1998) (instead of article if you need to delete something?)
b) JDY Peel, Religious Encounter and the Making of the Yoruba (2000) [perhaps instead of Landau since most Africa
texts are Southern Africa. David Maxwell might have further advice for this topic]
Further work on Africa.
a) S Drescher From slavery to freedom (1999)
b) Suggest revision of question to: [these latter two might be better as exam questions]
HS Klein The Atlantic Slave Trade (1999)
P Curtin, The Atlantic slave trade: a census (1972)
J Iliffe Africans (2 nd edn, 2007) ch 7
D. Eltis and D. Richardson (eds.), ‘Routes to Slavery: Direction, Ethnicity and Mortality in the Transatlantic Slave
Trade’ Slavery and Abolition (Special Issue) 18, 1 (1997)
W. Hawthorne, Planting rice and harvesting slaves: transformations along the Guinea-Bissau coast, 1400-1900 (2003)
R. Law, Slave-raiders and middlemen, monopolists and free-traders: the supply of slaves for the Atlantic trade in
Dahomey c. 1715-1850’ Journal of African History 30 (1989), 45-68
Latham, A J H. Old Calabar (1973)
P Lovejoy and D Richardson, ‘Trust, pawnship, and Atlantic history: the institutional foundations of the old Calabar
slave trade’ American Historical Review 104 (1999), pp. 333-355
K. Mann, Slavery and the birth of an African city: Lagos, 1760-1900 (2007)
D. Northrup, Trade without rulers (1978)
c) How far did West African slave merchants and their communities see themselves as belonging to the Atlantic
World?
G.E. Brooks, Eurafricans in Western Africa (2003)
P.D. Curtin, Africa Remembered: Narratives by West Africans from the era of the Slave Trade (1967)
D. Eltis et.al. ‘The Costs of Coercion: African Agency in the History of the Atlantic World’ Economic History Review 54
(2001), pp. 454-76
D. Eltis, The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas (2000)
D. Forde (ed.), Efik Traders of Old Calabar (1956)
D. Henige, ‘John Kabes of Komenda: An Early African Entrepreneur and State Builder’, Journal of African History 18
(1977), pp.1-19
R. Kea, Settlements, Trade and Politics in the Seventeenth-Century Gold Coast (1982)
H.S. Klein, ‘The African Organization of the Slave Trade’ in The Atlantic Slave Trade (Cambridge, 1999), pp. 103-129
R. Law and K. Mann, ‘West Africa in the Atlantic Community: The Case of the Slave Coast’ William and Mary
Quarterly 55 (1999), pp. 307-34
R. Law and S. Strickrodt (eds.), Ports of the Slave Trade (1999)
R. Law, Ouidah: The Social History of a West African Slaving Port (2004)

A. J. H. Latham, Old Calabar, 1600-1891 (1973)
P.E. Lovejoy and D. Richardson, ‘Trust, Pawnship, and Atlantic History: The Institutional Foundations of the Old
Calabar Slave Trade’ American Historical Review 104 (1999), pp. 333-355
K. Mann and E. Bay (eds.) ‘Rethinking the African Diaspora’ Slavery and Abolition Special Issue 22, 1 (2001)
P. Morgan, ‘The Cultural Implications of the Atlantic Slave Trade: African Regional Origins, American Destinations and
New World Developments’ Slavery and Abolition 18 (1997), pp. 122-45
D. Northrup, Trade Without Rulers (1978)
D. Northrup, Africa’s Discovery of Europe, 1450-1850 (2002)
P.D. Morgan and S. Hawkins (eds.), Black Experience and the Empire (2004). Chapters by Northrup and Morgan.
A. Ryder, Benin and the Europeans, 1495-1897 (1969)
R.J. Sparks, ‘Two Princes of Calabar: An Atlantic Odyssey From Slavery To Freedom’ William and Mary Quarterly 59
(2002), pp. 555-58
J.K. Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1800 (1992)
7c) Indian Ocean
Question: What kinds of systems of unfree labour existed in the western Indian Ocean in the 18 th and 19 th
centuries, and how would you characterise the societies which were created as a result of
them?
Marina Carter, ‘Slavery and Unfree Labour in the Indian Ocean’ History Compass (online, 2006) : 10.1111/j.1478-
0542.2006.00346.x
Edward Alpers, ‘Recollecting Africa: Diasporic Memory in the Indian Ocean World’, African Studies Review, 43
(2000), 83-99
Richard Allen, Slaves, Freedmen and Indentured Labour in Colonial Mauritius, Cambridge, 1999
Richard Allen, ‘Licentious and Unbridled proceedings : the illegal slave trade to Mauritius and the Seychelles in
the early nineteenth century’, JAH, 42 (2002), 91-117
Anthony Barker, Slavery and Antislavery in Mauritius, 1810-1833, 1996
Marina Carter, Servants, Sirdars and Settlers: Indians in Mauritius, 1834-1874, 1995
Megan Vaughan, Creating the Creole Island: Slavery in Eighteenth Century Mauritius, 2005
Janet Ewald, ‘Crossers of the Sea: Slaves, Freedmen and other Migrants in the Northwestern Indian Ocean
1750-1914’, American Historical Review, 105 (2000), 69-92
8 W A R A N D B R I T I S H E X P A N S I O N T O C I R C A 1 8 3 0 (see also topic 6 above)
Is continuity or change the main feature of British expansion between 1760 and 1830?
PJ Marshall (ed.) Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire (1996)
KR Andrews Trade, Plunder and Settlement: British Empire 1480–1830 (1984)
P Cain & A Hopkins ‘Political Economy of British Expansion 1750–1914’, EcHR 33 (1980)
IR Christie Crisis of Empire: Great Britain and American Colonies 1754–83
VT Harlow Founding of the Second British Empire I, 1–222, 299–311, 483–92; II, 254–318, 339–483,
544–654, 782–800
Maya Jasanoff Liberty’s exiles. The loss of America and the remaking of the British Empire (2011)
R Hyam ‘British imperial expansion in late 18th century’, HJ 10 (1967)
P Marshall ‘First and second British empires: . . . demarcation’, History 49 (1964)
DL Mackay ‘Direction and purpose in British imperial policy 1783–1801’, HJ 17 (1974)
C A Bayly, Imperial Meridian (1989) or Birth Of the Modern World (2004 )chs. 2/3.
R Davis Industrial Revolution and Overseas Trade
R Hyam & GW Martin Reappraisals in British Imperial History (1975), chapters 1–3 and 7
PJ Cain Economic Foundations of British Overseas Expansion 1815–1914
D Landes The Unbound Prometheus (1969)
DA Farnie English Cotton Industry and World Market 1815–96, 3–44 and 81–134

F Thistlethwaite ‘Migration from Europe overseas’, in Population Movements in Modern European History,
ed. H Moller
James Fichter, So great a profit. How the East India trade transformed Anglo-American capitalism (Harvard, 2011)
JS Galbraith The Turbulent Frontier” as factor in British expansion’, CSSH 2 (1959/60)
R Hyam Britain’s Imperial Century (2nd edn, 1993)
JR Ward ‘British Imperialism 1750–1850’, EcHR xlvii (1994), 344–63
9 A MIDDLE GROUND? First Peoples, Slaves, and British and French expansion, 1600-1815
Can the story of early French and British colonial expansion be reduced to the impact of Europeans upon the others?
P. Boucher, Cannibal Encounter
-------------- France and the American Tropics to 1700 (2007)
R. White, The Middle Ground (1991)
R. Cronon, Changes in the Land (1984)
A. Gallay, The Indian Slave Trade (2002)
G. E. Dowd, A Spirited Resistance
R Fabel. Colonial Challenges: Britons, Native Americans, and Caribs, 1759-1775. (2000)
D. Garraway, The Libertine Colony: Creolization in the Early French Caribbean (2005)
S Gruzinski, The Mestizo Mind
M Vaughan, Creating the Creole Island: Slavery in Colonial Mauritius (2005)
G. Midlo Hall, Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas
S Fischer, Modernity Disavowed (2002)
S Aravamudan , Tropicopolitans: Colonialism and Agency, 1688-1804
J. Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World
10 The Pacific Ocean
a) Why did Pacific explorations arouse such attention in Europe in the late eighteenth and early
nineteenth centuries?
OR
b) How did Pacific islanders respond and come to terms with the arrival of Europeans on their
shores?
Introductory
Alan Moorehead, The Fatal Impact (Harmondsworth, 1966)
Bernard Smith, European Vision and the South Pacific (Yale, 1985)
Harry Liebersohn, The travelers’ world: Europe to the Pacific (Cambridge, Mass., 2006)
Debate
Marshall Sahlins Islands of history (Chicago, 1985)
Gananath Obeyeskere The apotheosis of Captain Cook: European mythmaking in the Pacific (Princeton, 1992)
Greg Dening Islands and beaches: Discourses on a silent land, Marquesas, 1774-1880 (Carlton, Vic., 1980)
Paul Carter The road to Botany Bay (Chicago, 1987)
Anne Salmond, Two worlds: First meetings between Europeans and Maori, 1642-1772 (Auckland, 1991)
Alan Frost and Jane Samson eds. Pacific empires: essays in honour of Glyndwr Williams (Vancouver, 1999)
Nicholas Thomas Entangled objects: exchange, material culture and colonialism in the Pacific (Cambridge, 1991)
P.J. Marshall and Glyndwr Williams The Great Map of Mankind (London, 1989)
Rod Edmond Representing the South Pacific: Colonial Discourse from Cook to Gauguin (Cambridge, 1997)
Glyndwr Williams ‘Pacific: Exploitation and Exploration’ in P. J. Marshall, ed. OXHBE, Vol.2.
Jane Samson Imperial Benevolence: Making British Authority in the Pacific Islands (Honolulu, 1998)
Janet Browne Charles Darwin Voyaging (New York, 2002)

Vanessa Smith Literary Culture and the Pacific: Nineteenth-century textual encounters (Cambridge, 1998)
Sujit Sivasundaram Nature and the Godly Empire: Science and Evangelical Mission in the Pacific, 1795-1850
(Cambridge, 2005)
John Gascoigne Joseph Banks and the English Enlightenment : useful knowledge and polite culture (Cambridge, 1994).
Jonathan Lamb Preserving the Self in the South Seas, 1680-1840 (Chicago, 2001).
1 1 E A R L Y C O L O N I A L I N D I A
a) Indian, rather than British initiative was the major force for change in India, before 1860?
b) The last stand of the old order’: Discuss this view of the Indian Mutiny.
(11a)
S Bose & A Jalal Modern South Asia, 76–97; Bayly, Indian Society, chapter 6 (above topic 5)
DA Washbrook OHBE, 3, chapter 18
Sukanta Chaudhuri (ed.) Calcutta the Living City, i, 30–127
Singha & Prior Articles in MAS 1 (1993)
ET Stokes The Peasant and the Raj (1978), chapter 2; English Utilitarians and India (1959), esp. Part 1
D Kumar (ed.) Cambridge Economic History of India, ii
KN Chaudhuri Economic Development under the East India Company, Introduction
R Frykenberg (ed.) Land Control and Social Structure in Indian History, chapters by Cohn, Stein, Raychaudhuri
SN Mukherjee Citizen Historian (1996), essays on Rammohan Roy, women etc.
DA Washbrook ‘Law, State and agrarian society in colonial India’, MAS (1981)
Modern Intellectual History , 4, 1, 2007 (ed. Kapila), essays by Bayly, Wilson, Dodson.
C.A.Bayly Recovering liberties. Indian Thought in the age of liberalism and Empire (2011)
TR Metcalf Ideologies of the Raj (NCHI, 1995)
M Dodson Orientalism and National Culture (2007)
(11b) Stokes, Peasant and Raj, and Bayly, Indian Society (above)
Sir John Kaye History of the Sepoy War in India, vol. 1 (1867)
W. Dalrymple The last Mughal (2007)
TR Metcalf Aftermath of Revolt: India 1857–1870 (1964); Land, Landlords and the British Raj (1979),
chapters 6 and 7; Ideologies of the Raj (NCHI, 1995)
EI Brodkin ‘Struggle for Succession’, MAS (1972)
S Rizvi & M Bhargava (eds) Freedom Struggle in UP, vols 1 and 4 [documents]
K Marx & F Engels The First Indian War of Independence
R Mukherjee Awadh in revolt 1857–58
ET Stokes The Peasant Armed (1986), esp. chapters 1–3
N Gupta & M Hasan (eds) India’s Colonial Encounter, chapter by R Ray
JG Farrell The Siege of Krishnapur [fiction]
R Guha (ed.) Subaltern Studies IV, article by G Bhadra, ‘Four rebels of 1857’
Sita Rama From Sepoy to Subahdar [contemporary work: West Room in UL]
Tapti Roy Article in MAS 1 (1993)
CA Bayly Empire and Information (1996), ch. on Mutiny; Origins of Nationality in South Asia (1998),
ch 3
Kim Wagner The great fear of 1857 (2010)
1 2 C H I N A
How far were Chinese elites able to respond successfully to peasant rebellion and dynastic decline?
E Rawski The Last Emperors (Oriental Studies)
Henrietta Harrison The Man awakened from dreams (2005) (OS)
H van de Ven ‘Recent studies of modern Chinese history’, MAS 30, 2 (1996), esp. 225–45
P Kuhn The origins of the modern Chinese state (2006)
J Polachek The Inner Opium War (1992) [Oriental Studies]

Hao Yen-p’ing The Commercial Revolution in Late Imperial China (1986)
J Waley-Cohen ‘China and Western Technology in the late Eighteenth Century’, AHR 98:5 (1993), 1525–44
P Kuhn Rebellion and its Enemies in Late Imperial China (1970); ‘Origins of the Taiping Vision’,
CSSH 19, 3 (1977)
P Cohen History in Three Keys: The Boxers as myth, history and event
M Rankin Elite Activism and Political Transformation in China
James Hevia English lessons
Pierre Etienne Will Bureaucracy and famine [OS; mainly c.18 but relevant for c.19]
M Greenberg British Trade and the Opening of China (1951)
J Spence God’s Chinese Son
JK Fairbank Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast 1842–1854 (2 vols, 1953); and EO Reischauer East
Asia: Tradition and Transition
For general reference, see
J Spence In Search of Modern China (1991)
R Bin Wong China Transformed (1997), esp. 1–157
K Pomeranz The Great Divergence
1 3 T H E I M P E R I A L I S M O F F R E E T R A D E
a) Why did Britain and France acquire new colonies c. 1815–1870 while they were both running down the old
colonial system? or
b) What differences were there between the aims and means of British, French and Dutch colonial expansion from
1815–c.1870?
Concepts
J Gallagher & R Robinson ‘Imperialism of Free Trade’, EcHR 6, 1 (1953)
R Moore ‘Imperialism and free trade in India’, EcHR (1964)
DCM Platt Critiques of ‘Imperialism of Free Trade’, EcHR 21 (1968) and 26 (1973)
AG Hopkins ‘Informal Empire in Argentine: an alternative view’, JLAS 26 (1994), 469–84
WR Louis (ed.) Imperialism: the Robinson and Gallagher Controversy [collection of articles, etc.]
B Semmel The Rise of Free Trade Imperialism, esp. chapters 1 and 9
DK Fieldhouse Economics and Empire 1830–1914, Parts1 and 2
General
DS Landes The Unbound Prometheus (1969), esp. chapter 3
T Kemp Industrialization in 19th Century Europe, chapters 1 and 3
R Hyam Britain’s Imperial Century (2nd edn, 1993), chapters 1 and 2
PJ Cain & AG Hopkins ‘Gentlemanly Capitalism and British Expansion’, EcHR 39, 4 (1986) and 40, 1 (1987)
AN Porter ‘‘Gentlemanly Capitalism’ and Empire: The British Experience Since 1750’, JICH 18, 3
(1990)
PJ Cain Economic Foundations of British Overseas Expansion 1815–1914
R Owen & B Sutcliffe (eds) Studies in Theory of Imperialism (1972), chapters by Platt and Kanya-Forstner
G Ingham ‘British capitalism, empire, etc.’, Social History 20 (1995), 339–48
R Ray ‘Asian Capital in the Age of European Expansion’, MAS (1995)
Cases
D McLean ‘Finance and Informal Empire before the First World War’, EcHR 29 (1976)
R Aldrich Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion (1996)
J Ruedy Modern Algeria (1992), chapters 3 and 4
R Aldrich French Presence in South Pacific 1842–1900 (1990)
CM Andrew & Kanya-Forstner ‘Centre & Periphery in making 2nd Fr Colonial Empire, 1815–1920’, JICH 16, 3 (1988)
M Lynn ‘‘Imperialism of Free Trade’ and the case of W. Africa c.1830–c.1870’, JICH 15, 1 (1986)
R Law (ed.) From the Slave Trade to Legitimate Commerce . . . in 19th-century West Africa (1995)
PD Curtin The Image of Africa (1964), chapter 19
T Keegan Colonial South Africa and the Origins of the Racial Order (1996), esp. chapters 3–5

JH Laffey ‘Municipal imperialism in 19th-century France’, Historical Reflections 1 (1974), 81–114
ET Stokes English Utilitarians and India (1959), 1–80, 219–33 and 268–69
HL Wesseling ‘The Giant that was a Dwarf, or the Strange History of Dutch Imperialism’, JICH 16, 3 (1988)
D Denoon Settler Capitalism (1983)
DG Creighton Dominion of the North (Canada)
JM Ward Empire in the Antipodes: Australasia 1840–60
1 4 I N D E P E N D E N C E A N D D E P E N D E N C E I N L A T I N A M E R I C A
14a)
a) ‘The reconstruction of imperial administration made inevitable the Spanish Empire’s collapse’. Is this an
adequate explanation of the end of Spanish dominion in Latin America?
b) Was independent Latin America submitted to a new kind of imperial subordination?
4. The Invention of Latin America
Appelbaum, Nancy. Race and Nation in Modern Latin America. Durham, NC : Duke University Press.
Chasteen, John Charles, Americanos: Latin America’s Struggle for Independence. New York: Oxford University Press,
2008.
Gootenberg, Paul, ed. Cocaine: Global histories. London: Routledge, 1999.
Holden and Eric Zolov. Latin America and the United States: A documentary history. New York: Oxford University
Press, 2 nd edition, 2011.
Skidmore, Thomas and Peter H. Smith. Modern Latin America. New York: Oxford University Press. 7 th edition, 2010.
T. Anna Spain and the Loss of America
P. Bakewell History of Latin America
G. Paquette Enlightenment, governance and reform in Spain and its empire, 1759-1808
L. Bethell Brazil: Empire and Republic, 1822-1930. Cambridge: CUP, 1999, 3-42.
A. Knight Mexico: The Colonial Era. Cambridge: CUP, 2006.
J Lynch The Spanish American Revolutions 1808–1826 (1973)
J Tutino From Insurrection to Revolution in Mexico
B.R. Hamnett ‘Process and Pattern: A Re-Examination of the Ibero-American Independence Movements,
1808-1826’ Journal of Latin American Studies 29:2 (1997): 279-328.
A. McFarlane ‘Rebellion in Late Colonial Spanish America: A Comparative Perspective’ Bulletin of Latin
American Research 14:3 (1995): 313-338.
A. McFarlane ‘Identity, Enlightenment and Political Dissent in Late Colonial Spanish America’
Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 6 th Series. 8 (1998): 309-336.13b
(14b
R Miller Britain and Latin America in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
L Bethell (ed.) Cambridge History of Latin America, vols 4 and 5
DCM Platt Business Imperialism 1840–1930
V. Bulmer-Thomas The Economic History of Latin America since Independence
F. Dawson The First Latin American Debt Crisis
Brazil
R Graham Britain and the Onset of Modernization in Brazil 1850–1914 (1968)
AG Frank Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America, Part 3
R Conrad The Destruction of Brazilian Slavery
L Bethell The Abolition of the Brazilian Slave Trade

W Dean Brazil and The Struggle for Rubber
Argentina
HS Ferns ‘Britain’s Informal Empire in Argentina 1806–1914’, Past & Present 4 (Nov 1953); Britain
and Argentina in the Nineteenth Century (1960)
D Rock Politics in Argentina 1890–1930 (1975); Argentina 1516–1982
P Smith Politics and Beef in Argentina
J Scobie Revolution on the Pampas
C Diaz-Alejandro Essays in the Economic History of the Argentine Republic
P Winn ‘British and Uruguay’, Past & Present 73 (1976)
1 5 T H E N E W I M P E R I A L I S M
What, if anything, was new about the ‘New Imperialism’ of the period c. 1870–1914?
PJ Marshall (ed.) Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire (1996), chapter 3
R Owen & B Sutcliffe (eds) Studies in the Theory of Imperialism (1972), esp. chapters 3, 5, 8 and 11–13
A Brewer Marxist Theories of Imperialism (1980)
N Etherington Theories of Imperialism: War, Conquest and Capital (1984)
AN Porter European Imperialism 1860–1914 (1994)
JA Schumpeter Imperialism and Social Classes ([1919, 1927] 1951)
J Gallagher The Decline, Revival and Fall of the British Empire (1982)
WR Louis (ed.) Imperialism: the Robinson and Gallagher Controversy [collection of articles, etc.]
PJ Cain & AG Hopkins British Imperialism, vol. I (2nd edn, 2001)
DK Fieldhouse Economics and Empire (1973), Parts 1 and 3
D Headrick Tools of Empire (1981)
R Hyam Britain’s Imperial Century (2nd edn, 1993), esp. chapters 3 and 4
E Stokes Late 19th Century expansion: mistaken identity?’, HJ 12, 2 (1969)
A Hodgart The Economics of European Imperialism
LE Davis & RA Huttenback Mammon and the Pursuit of Empire. Economics of Imperialism 1869–1912, esp. chapters
1 and 10 (use abridged version if available). See review by Hopkins in JICH 16, 2 (1988)
PM Kennedy The Rise of Anglo-German Antagonism
B Porter The Lion’s Share (1975), chapters 3–5; or Britain, Europe and the World, chapters 2–3
JT Linblad ‘Economic Aspects of the Dutch Expansion in Indonesia, 1870–1914’, MAS 23 (1989)
S Groenveld & M Wintle (eds) Government and the Economy in Britain and the Netherlands since the Middle Ages
(1992), chapter by Kuitenbrower on Dutch expansionism 1870–1914
S Forster, WJ Mommsen & RE Robinson Bismarck, Europe and Africa (1988), chapters 1, 8, 14 and 29
HL Wesseling Divide and Rule: The Partition of Africa 1880–1914 (1996)
1 6 J A P A N : T R A D I T I O N & M O D E R N I Z A T I O N
Account for the success of the elites of Meiji Japan.
General
Cambridge History of Japan, IV, chapter IV
C Totman A History of Japan (2000)
The autobiography of Fukuzawa Yukichi (new ed, OF)
EO Reischauer Japan: Tradition and Transformation, chapters 3–5
WG Beasley Select Documents on Japanese Foreign Policy, 1853–1868
“ The Meiji Restoration
R Chang From Prejudice to Tolerance: A Study of Japanese Image of the West, 1826–1864
H Harootunian Towards Restoration: Growth of Political Consciousness in Tokugawa Japan, chapters 3–4
C Totman Collapse of the Tokugawa Bakufu
James Huffman, Creating a public. People and press in Meiji Japan (2005)
Anne Walthall The weak body of a useless woman. Matsuo Taseko and the Meiji restoration (OS)

S Fujita ‘The Spirit of the Meiji Restoration’, Japan Interpreter 6, 1 (1970)
G Daniels ‘The British Role in the Meiji Restoration’, MAS 11, 4 (1968)
EH Norman Japan’s Emergence as a Modern State
B Moore Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, chapter 5
Economic
FV Moulder Japan, China and the Modern World Economy, chapters 3, 5–7
W Lockwood The Economic Development of Japan . . . 1868–1938, 3–34; (ed.) The State and Economic
Enterprise in Japan, chapters 1–9
T Nakamura Economic Growth in Prewar Japan, Part 1
TC Smith Native Sources of Japanese Industrialization, 1850–1920; Political Change and Industrial
Development in Japan: Government Enterprise, 1868–1880
BK Marshal Capitalism and Nationalism in Prewar Japan, chapters 2–3
J Hirschmeier Origins of Entrepreneurship in Meiji Japan
ED Westney Imitation and Innovation: The Transfer of Western Organizational Patterns to Meiji Japan
W Wray Mitsubishi and the N.Y.K. 1870–1914: Business Strategy in the Japanese Shipping Industry
GC Allen A Short Economic History of Japan
J Nakamura Agricultural Production and Economic Development of Japan
AM Craig Choshu in the Meiji Restoration, 350–74
K Yamamura A Study of Samurai Income and Entrepreneurship
H Bull & A Watson (eds) Expansion of International Society, chapter by Suganami
1 7 O T T O M A N S , E U R O P E & T H E M I D D L E E A S T
a) Why after the 17th century did the Ottoman Empire fail to maintain its 16th-century challenge to Europe by land
and sea?
b) To what extent did Middle Eastern attempts at modernization fail in their purpose?
General
Suraiya Faroqhi The Ottoman Empire and the world around it (2005)
Carter Findley The Turks in world history (2004)
Karen Barkey Empire of difference. The Ottomans in comparative perspective (2008)
Virginia Aksan Ottoman wars 1700-1870.
(17 a)
PM Holt et al. Cambridge History of Islam, I, Part 3, chapters 1–3
DE Pitcher Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire
B Lewis Muslim Discovery of Europe
V. Aksan and D. Goffman (eds,) The Early Modern Ottomans. Remapping the empire (2007)
IM Kunt The Sultan’s Servants, 1550–1650 (1983)
C Kafadar Between Two Worlds (1995)
H Inalcik & D Quataert (eds) Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire (1995)
AD Alderson The Structure of the Ottoman Dynasty
B McGowan Economic Life in Ottoman Europe
P Sugar Southeastern Europe under Ottoman Rule
N Todorov The Balkan City
S Faruqi et al. Articles on the Ottoman State, J of Peasant Studies (April–July 1991)
SA Fischer-Galati Ottoman Imperialism and German Protestantism
GE Rothenberg Austrian Military Border in Croatia
B Braude & B Lewis (eds) Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire (1982), I, esp. chapter by Braude
I Lapidus A History of Islamic Societies
CH Fleisher Bureaucrat and Intellectual in the Ottoman Empire
(17 b) General
FC Robinson Atlas of Islamic World (1992), 118–140
A Hourani Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age; A History of the Arab Peoples
MGS Hodgson Venture of Islam, 3

R Owen The Middle East in the World Economy 1800–1914
C Issawi Economic History of the Middle East and North Africa
M Yapp The Making of the Modern Near East 1797–1922 (1987)
Ottoman Empire and Turkey; Iran
WL Cleveland A History of the Modern Middle East (2nd edn, 2000)
F Ahmad The Young Turks
H Kayali Arabs and Young
E Akarli The Long Peace. Ottoman Lebanon 1861–1920 (1993)
Mark Mazower Salonika City of ghosts (2005)
R Kasaba The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy
AKS Lambton Qajar Persia
AL Macfie The End of the Ottoman Empire 1908–1923 (1998)
D Quataert Social Disintegration and Popular Resistance in the Ottoman Empire
N Berkes Development of Secularism in Turkey
R Chambers & W Polk (eds) Beginnings of Modernization in the Middle East, chapters by Hourani and Shaw
Selimn Deringil ‘Legitimacy structures in the Ottoman Empire: Abdul Hamid II’, International Journal of
Middle East Studies, 23, 3, 1991.
S Pamuk The Ottoman Empire and European Capitalism 1820–1913
M Kent (ed.) The Great Powers and the End of the Ottoman Empire (1984)
1 8 E G Y P T : M O D E R N I S A T I O N & O C C U P A T I O N
Did the British occupy Egypt because Egypt’s rulers had failed to modernise?
AL al-Sayyid Marsot A Short History of Modern Egypt (1995)
PJ Vatikiotis Modern History of Egypt (2nd edn 1980)
MW Daly (ed.) Cambridge History of Egypt, Vol 2, chapters 3, 5–7,9, 11
K Fahmy All the Pasha’s Men (1997)
K Fahmy From Ottoman governor to ruler of Egypt (2009)
R Owen The Middle East in the World Economy 1800–1914 (1981)
A Scholch Egypt for the Egyptians! (1981); ‘Men on the Spot’, Historical J 19, 3 (1976), 773–85
AG Hopkins ‘The Victorians and Africa: Egypt’, JAH 27 (1986), 363
T Mitchell Colonising Egypt (2nd edn, 1991)
JRI Cole Colonialism & Revolution in the Middle East: Origins of the Arabi Movement (1993)
R. Owen Lord Cromer (2004), introduction, 1.
1 9 A F R I C A : P A R T I T I O N & C O L O N I A L R U L E
a) Why was there a Scramble for Africa and why did it occur when it did?
b) Why was there a second Anglo-Boer War? Who won it?
c) How far and how effectively did early colonial governments try to transform Africa?
(19a) (See also topic 16 for Egypt)
J Gallagher & R Robinson ‘The imperialism of free trade’, Economic HR, 2nd series, 6 (1953), 1–15; Africa and the
Victorians (2nd edn)
J Gallagher The Decline, Revival & Fall of the British Empire (1982) chapters 1 & 2 for a reprint of the
first of the above & a first draft of the second
WR Louis (ed.) Imperialism: The Robinson & Gallagher Controversy (1976)
DK Fieldhouse Economics & Empire 1830–1914 (1973)
GN Sanderson ‘The European Partition’, JICH 3, 1 (1974)
“ & R Oliver (eds) Cambridge History of Africa, 6 (1985), chapter 2 and 692–722 (Lonsdale)
AN Porter (ed) OHBE III (1999), chapters 2, 3, 11, 16, 26–28
C Newbury & A Kanya-Forstner ‘French Policy’, JAH 10 (1969), 253–76
AG Hopkins Economic History of West Africa (1973), chapter 4
HL Wesseling Divide & Rule: The Partition of Africa 1880–1914 (1996), Conclusion

(19b)
B Nasson The South African War 1899–1902 (1999), 1–80, 235–89
Ian R Smith The Origins of the South African War 1899–1902 (1996)
AN Porter ‘South African war (1899–1902) reconsidered’, JAH 31, 1 (1990) 43–57
K Wilson (ed.) The International Impact of the Boer War (2000)
R Oliver & G Sanderson (eds) Cambridge History of Africa Vol 6 (1985), chapters 7–8
J Benyon Proconsul and Paramountcy in South Africa 1806–1910 (1980), 1–5, 260–79, 295–315, 332–
42
H Giliomee The Afrikaners (2003), chapters 7–9
G Blainey ‘Lost Causes of the Jameson Raid’, Economic HR, 2nd series, 18 (1965), 350–66
R Mendlesohn ‘Blainey and Jameson’, Jl Southern African Studies 6 (1980)
J Van Helten ‘Empire & High Finance’, JAH 23 (1982)
S Marks & S Trapido ‘Milner and South Africa’, History Workshop Jl 8 (1979), 50–80
P Harries ‘Capital, state & labour on the Witwatersrand’, South African Hist Jl 18 (1986)
18 (b) How and why was the South African war more than simply a ‘white man’s war’?
G. Cuthbertson, A. Grundlingh and M.L. Suttie (eds.) Writing a Wider War: Rethinking Gender, Race, and Identity in
the South African War, 1899-1902 (2002) Chapters by Bradford, Mbenga, Lambert and Genge.
D. Denoon, ‘Participation in the “Boer War”: People’s War, People’s Non-War, or Non-People’s War?’ in B.A. Ogot
(ed.) War and Society in Africa: Ten Studies (1972), pp. 109-22
J. Krikler, ‘Agrarian Class Struggle and the South African War’ Social History 14 (1989) pp. 151-176
D. Lowry, The South African War Reappraised (2000)
R.F. Morton, ‘Linchwe I and the Kgatla Campaign in the South African War, 1899-1902’ Journal of African History 26
(1985), pp. 169-91
B. Nasson, ‘Doing down their Masters: Africans, Boers and Treason in the Cape Colony during the South African War,
1899–1902’ Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 12 (1983), pp. 29-53
B. Nasson, Abraham Esau’s War: A Black South African War in the Cape, 1899-1902 (1991)
B. Nasson, The South African War 1899-1902 (1999)
W. Nasson, ‘Africans at War’ in J. Gooch (ed.), The Boer War: Direction, Experience and Image (London, 2000), 126-
140
S.T. Plaatje, The Boer War Diary of Sol T. Plaatje eds. J.L. Comaroff and B. Willan with S. Molema and A. Reed
(1999)
P. Warwick, Black People and the South African War, 1899-1902 (1983)
Special issue of South African Historical Journal: South African War 1899-1902 Centennial Perspectives 41 (1999).
Articles by G. Cuthbertson and A. Jeeves; B. Mbenga, N. Parsons, A.H. Manson and E. van Heyningen.
W Dooling ‘Reconstructing the household: The Northern Cape Colony before and after the South African war’ Journal
of African History 50 (2009), pp. 319-416
E Van Heyningen, ‘The concentration camps of the South African (Anglo-Boer) war’, 1900-1902 History Compass 7
(2009) pp. 22-43
J Hyslop, ‘Martial law and military power in the creation of the South African state’ Journal of Historical Sociology 22
(2009), pp. 234-268
B Nasson ‘Why they fought: Black Cape colonists and Imperial wars, 1899-1918’ International Journal of African
Historical Studies 37 (2004) pp. 55-70 (delete the one of his in JICH, as it is the same as a
chapter in the book)
S Trapido and I Phimister, ‘Imperialism, settler identities and colonial capitalism: The hundred year origins of the 1899
South African War’ Historia 53 (2008), pp. 45-75

(19c)
J Iliffe Africans (1995), chapter 9
R Oliver & GN Sanderson (eds) Cambridge History of Africa, vol. 6 (1985), chapter 12 by Lonsdale, 750–66
AD Roberts (ed.) Cambridge History of Africa, 7 (1986), chapters 1, 2, 7
P Duignan & LH Gann (eds) Colonialism in Africa, 4 (1975), chapters 3–6, 8
DA Low Lion Rampant (1973), chapters 1 and 2
R Owen & B Sutcliffe (eds) Studies in the Theory of Imperialism (1972), chapters 5 and 13
AG Hopkins An Economic History of West Africa (1973), chapters 5 and 6
GB Kay The Political Economy of Colonialism in Ghana, Introduction
R Shenton The Development of Capitalism in North Nigeria, chapters 1–5
B Berman & J Lonsdale Unhappy Valley (1992), chapters 2–4
J Iliffe A Modern History of Tanganyika (1979), chapter 5
IF Nicolson The Administration of Nigeria, chapters 1–7
S Miers & R Roberts (eds) The End of Slavery in Africa (1988), chapters 1 and 17
P Phoofolo ‘Rinderpest in late 19th century Africa’, Past & Present 138 (1993)
2 0 N O N - E U R O P E A N A C T I O N S & R E A C T I O N S
a) The most formidable enemy of European expansion. Was this true of 19th Century Islam?
b) Did the early Indian nationalists represent anybody but themselves?
c) How did changing images of the West contribute to ‘nationalist reaction’ in Japan in the 1890’s?
(20a)
Hourani, Lewis (above, topic 14) Arabic Thought; Muslim Discovery
J Clancy-Smith Rebel and Saint: Protest in Colonial Algeria and Tunisia 1800–1904 (1994)
J Ruedy Modern Algeria (1992), chapter 3
RI Rotberg & A Mazrui (eds) Protest and Power in Black Africa, chapters by Person, Rubenson and Brown
C Harrison France and Islam in West Africa 1860–1960 (1988)
P Hardy Muslims of British India
B Metcalf Islamic Revivalism in South Asia
C Bayly ‘Two colonial revolts: Java War and Indian Mutiny’, in C Bayly & DHA Kolff (eds), Two
Colonial Empires
P Carey ‘Waiting for the Ratu Adil: the eve of the Java War’, MAS 1 (1986)
D Dhanagare Peasant Movements in India (1986), chapter 3
C Dobbin Islamic Revivalism in a Changing Peasant Economy
R Ileto ‘Religion and anti-colonial movements’ in N Tarling (ed.), Cambridge History of Southeast
Asia, II
N Keddie Iran and the Western World, chapter on ‘The revolt of Islam 1700–1994’
W Roff (ed.) Islam and the Political Economy of Meaning, chapter on ‘Islamic movements: one or many?’
(20b)
J Gallagher, G Johnson & A Seal (eds) Locality, Province and Nation (1973), esp. chapters 1 and 5
A Seal Emergence of Indian Nationalism (1968)
G Johnson Provincial Politics and Indian Nationalism (1973)
Judith M Brown Modern India: origins of an Asian democracy (1985)
S Sarkar The Swadeshi Movement; Modern India 1885–1947
CA Bayly The Local Roots of Indian Politics; Origins of Nationality in South Asia (1998)
C A Bayly Recovering liberties. Indian thought in the age of liberalism and empire (2011)
DA Washbrook Emergence of Provincial Politics: Madras 1870–1920
R Guha (ed.) Subaltern Studies, 3, chapter by Sarkar
R Ray Social Conflict and Political Unrest in Bengal 1875–1922
JR McLane Indian Nationalism and the Early Congress
R Guha Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency
G Pandey The Construction of Communalism in Colonial North India (1990)
P Chatterjee Nationalist Thought and the Colonial World

Modern Intellectual History, 4, 1, 2007, essays by Sartori, Bose, Kapila.
(20c)
Cambridge History of Japan, 5, The Nineteenth Century
EO Reischauer Japan: Tradition and Transformation, chapter 5
C Blacker The Japanese Enlightenment
R Braisted (ed.) Meiroku Zasshi: J of the Japanese Enlightenment
AM Craig ‘Fukuzawa Yukichi: Philosophical Foundations of Meiji Nationalism’ in R Ward (ed.),
Political Development in Modern Japan
J Pierson Tokutomi Soho, 1863–1957: A Jist for Modern Japan, chapters 6–7
KB Pyle The New Generation in Meiji Japan
C Gluck Japan’s Modern Myths
DH Shively (ed.) Tradition and Modernization in Japanese Culture, chapters 3–4
J Pittau Political Thought in Early Meiji Japan, chapter 6, conclusion
(20d) How far did early colonial governments undermine African cultures, institutions and political hierarchies?
S Feierman 'Colonizers, scholars, and the creation of invisible histories', in V Bonnell and L Hunt, eds., Beyond the
cultural turn (1999)
Asante
J Allman & I will not eat stone: a women's history of Asante (2000)
V Tashjian
T McCaskie Asante identities: history and modernity in an African village, Chs. 1 to 4
I Wilks Asante in the nineteenth century (1989), ch. 12
East Africa
S Feierman Peasant intellectuals (1990), chs. 1 through 5
J Glassman Feasts and riot: revelry, rebellion, and popular consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856-1888 (1995)
J Iliffe A modern history of Tanganyika (1979), chs. 4 and 6
T Sunseri Vilimani: labor migration and rural change in early colonial Tanzania (2002)
Abolition and emancipation
S Miers & The end of slavery in Africa (1988), chs. 1 and 17
R Roberts
J-G Deutsch Emancipation without abolition in German East Africa, 1884-1914 (2006)
R Law From slave trade to 'legitimate' commerce (1995), intro & chs. 3, 4, 6, 8 & 10
Southern Africa
K Atkins The moon is dead! Give us our money! The cultural origins of an African work ethic, Natal, South
Africa, 1843-1900 (1993)
J Peries The dead will arise (1989)
2 1 R U S S I A N E X P A N S I O N
‘Imperial Russia’s expansion mirrored its domestic society; it was driven by military insecurities rather than by
commercial ambitions’.
G Hosking Russia: People and Empire 1552–1917 (1997)
D Lieven ‘The Russian Empire and Soviet Union as Imperial Polities’, Journal of Contemporary
History 30, 4 (1995); Empire: The Russian Empire and its Rivals (2000), Part 3
D Geyer Russian Imperialism 1860–1914
RA Pierce Russian Central Asia 1867–1917
Robert D Crews For Prophet and Tsar. Islam and Empire in Russian Central Asia (2006)
EE Bacon Central Asia under Russian Rule: cultural change
R Pipes Russia under the Old Regime
T von Laue Sergei Witte and the Industrialisation of Russia
E Allworth The Modern Uzbeks (1990), chapters 1–3 and pp. 84–155; (ed.) Central Asia, 120 Years of
Russian Rule (1989)

D Gillard Struggle for Asia 1828–1914: British and Russian Imperialism
M Saray ‘Russian Conquest of Central Asia’, Central Asian Survey (Sept. 1983)
BH Sumner Russia and the Balkans 1870–80
H Carrere D’Encausse Islam and the Russian Empire: Reform and Revolution in Central Asia