Buddha Abhidhamma - Ultimate Science - BuddhaNet

96
“To be ashamed of what one ought to be ashamed, to be
ashamed of performing evil and unwholesome things: this is
called moral shame.” (Puggala-pa¤¤atti, para. 79)
Hirã opposes ahirika which would commit any evil without
the least compunction.
4 Ottappa
Ottappa is moral dread or fear to do evil, because it is aware of
the manifold evil consequences.
As hirã is different from ordinary shyness, ottappa is different
from ordinary fear of an individual. A Buddhist is not expected
to be afraid of any individual, even a God, for Buddhism is not
based on the fear of the unknown.
“To be in dread of what one ought to be in dread, to be in
dread of performing evil and unwholesome things: this is called
moral dread.” (Puggala-pa¤¤atti, para. 80)
Ottappa opposes anottappa and can drive away the latter.
Hirã arises with respect to oneself whereas ottappa arises with
respect to others. Suppose there is an iron rod, one end of which
is heated till red-hot and the other end smeared with filth. The
filthy end one would not touch owing to disgust, and the red
hot end one would not touch due to dread. Hirã is compared to
the former instance and ottappa to the latter instance.
Hirã and ottappa differentiates man from beast not to indulge
in immoral acts such as sexual relations between mother and
son or between father and daughter even at the time of very
low civilization. So hirã and ottappa are known as Lokapàla
Dhamma, i.e. the Guardian of the Worlds.
5 Alobha
Non-attachment to sense-objects and greedlessness is the chief