Savory - Arachnida 1977

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ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD 24-28 Oval Road, London :'\W I U.S. Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. Ill Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 Copyright© 1977 by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in al!)' form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 76-1099 / ISBN: 0-12-619660-5 Text set in 11/12 pt. Monotype Baskerville, printed and bound in Great Britain by The Garden City Press Limited, Letchworth, Hertfordshire SG6 IJS Preface The stimulus to attempt a rev1s10n of this book arose from my attendance at the Sixth International Arachnological Congress at Amsterdam in 1974. I was fortunate to be able to communicate my inspiration to Academic Press, to whom my gratitude must be manifest. Several changes have seemed to be desirable, owing to the rapid advances in Arachnology during the past ten years, and I have dropped some sections in order to expand others. I have taken the long overdue step of promoting the Cyphophthalmi to higher rank, and have changed the former sequence of the other orders to bring them into closer representation of their probable phylogeny. I have given them the names that I tried to justify in Systematic ,Zoology in 1972. Since "Spiders, .Men and Scorpions" is now out of print I have restored the historical chapter to narrative form. In addition, Chapter 26 on the Acari has been written for me by Keith R. Snow and Chapter 30 on Economic Arachnology has been revised by .Martin H. ~Iuma. I am most grateful to these authors for thus helping me to conceal some of my ignorance. Further, I wish to thank the following for permission to make use of figures published by them: D.]. Curtis for Fig. 2, R. R. Jackson for Fig. 107, C. Juberthie for Figs 71-74, Max Vachon for Fig. 19, and Messrs Routledge and Kegan Paulfor Figs 80 and 81. Every reader will notice my indebtedness to my contemporaries, who are carrying out the researches that propagate our science. They are the true creators of this book, of wh!ch I have been the fortunate compiler, co-ordinator and interpreter, acting as the mouthpiece through which they have spoken. Their names are recorded below: their help, and often their friendship, have made my work an uninterrupted pleasure. Dorking, Surrey 1977 T.H.S.
Contents Preface Acknowledgements . Outline of Classification V ix xi I. PROLEGOMENA 1. The Phylum Arthropoda 3 2. The Class Arachnida 7 II. DE ARACH?\IIDIS 3. Morphology: External Appearance 17 4. Physiology: Internal Organs 31 5. Embryology: Development 44 6. Ontogeny: Growth 49 7. Bionomics: General Habits 60 8. Ethology: Be ha vi our 71 9. Zoogeography: Distribution 83 10. Ecology: Migration and Dispersal . 87 11. Phylogeny: Evolution . 94 12. Taxonomy: Classification 103 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES 13. The Order Scorpiones 115 14. The Order Palpigradi . 125 15. The Order U ropygi 132 16. The Order Schizomida 138 17. The Order Amblypygi 143 18. The Order Araneae 148 19. The Order Kustarachnae 168 20. The Order Trigonotarbi 170 21. The Order Anthracomarti 173 22. The Order Haptopoda 175 23. The Order Architarbi . 177 24. The Order Opiliones 180
Page 1: Arachnida THEODORE SAVORY 2nd editi
Page 5 and 6: MAIAE CARISSIMAE UXORI SECUNDAE LIB
Page 7 and 8: 1 The Phylum Arthropoda The phylum
Page 9 and 10: 6 I PROLEGOMENA The comparison impl
Page 11 and 12: 10 I. PROLEGOME);A one time so rare
Page 13 and 14: 14 I. PROLEGOMENA The most striking
Page 15 and 16: 18 U. DE ARACHNIDIS it, move to a f
Page 17 and 18: 3. MORPHOLOGY: EXTERNAL APPEARANCE
Page 19 and 20: 26 II. DE ARACHNIDIS 3. MORPHOLOGY;
Page 21 and 22: 30 II. DE ARACHNIDIS yet arachnolog
Page 23 and 24: 34 II. DE ARACHNlDIS curved. It oft
Page 25 and 26: 38 II. DE ARACHNIDIS 4. PHYSIOLOGY:
Page 27 and 28: 42 II. DE ARACHNIDIS fibres run upw
Page 29 and 30: 46 II. DE ARACH~IDIS As a rule the
Page 31 and 32: 50 11. DE ARACHNIDIS (iii) Inversio
Page 33 and 34: 54 II. DE ARACHNIDIS FIG. 21. Newly
Page 35 and 36: 58 II. DE ARACHNIDIS Pseudoscorpion
Page 37 and 38: 62 11. DE ARACHNIDIS of the exoskel
Page 39 and 40: 66 II. DE ARACHNIDIS Sometimes the
Page 41 and 42: 70 II. DE ARACHNIDIS using a scanni
Page 43 and 44: 74 II. DE ARACHNIDIS constitutes th
Page 45 and 46: 78 II. DE ARACHNIDIS think of Arach
Page 47 and 48: 82 II. DE ARACH::-.;IDIS declined t
Page 49 and 50: 86 II. DE ARACHNIDIS .Man is the on
Page 51 and 52: 90 11. DE ARACHNIDIS Autecology con
Page 53 and 54:
11. PHYLOGENY: EVOLUTION 95 11 Phyl
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98 II. DE ARACHNIDIS An obvious ass
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102 II. DE ARACHNIDIS start preserv
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106 II. DE ARACHNIDIS Here are thre
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110 11. DE ARACHNIDIS Araneae, and
Page 63 and 64:
13 The Order Scorpiones [Scorpionid
Page 65 and 66:
118 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES 13. THE OR
Page 67 and 68:
122 III. PROLES ARACHNES CLASSIFICA
Page 69 and 70:
126 III. PROLES ARACHNES 14. THE OR
Page 71 and 72:
130 Ill. PROLES ARACHXES The lowly
Page 73 and 74:
134 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES to be seen
Page 75 and 76:
16. THE ORDER SCHIZOMIDA 139 16 The
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142 Ill. PROLES ARACHKES power, an
Page 79 and 80:
146 III. PROLES ARACHNES DISTRIBUTI
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150 III. PROLES ARACHNES chelicerae
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154 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES FIG. 53. S
Page 85 and 86:
158 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES (vi) Lobed
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162 III. PROLES ARACHNES is found i
Page 89 and 90:
166 III. PROLES ARACHNES 4 (3) Chel
Page 91 and 92:
20. THE ORDER TRIGONOTARBI 171 20 T
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174 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES 22 The Ord
Page 95 and 96:
178 III. PROLES ARACHNES The family
Page 97 and 98:
182 III. PROLES ARACHNES are above
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186 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES opisthosom
Page 101 and 102:
190 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES Sub-order
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194 III. PROLES ARACIINES 25. THE O
Page 105 and 106:
26 The Order Acari 26. THE ORDER AC
Page 107 and 108:
202 III. PROLES ARACHNES Tetrastigm
Page 109 and 110:
206 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES 26. THE'.
Page 111 and 112:
210 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES ( 1) Notos
Page 113 and 114:
214 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES The sevent
Page 115 and 116:
218 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES family, Ho
Page 117 and 118:
222 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES posterior
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226 III. PROLES ARACHNES 28. THE OR
Page 121 and 122:
230 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES From the f
Page 123 and 124:
234 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES 29. THE OR
Page 125 and 126:
238 Ill. PROLES ARACHNES The chelic
Page 127 and 128:
242 IlL PROLES ARACHNES 29. THE ORD
Page 129 and 130:
30 Economic Arachnology The Arachni
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250 IV. DE ARACHNOLOGIA Although th
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··~~- -..... 254 IV. DE ARACHNOLO
Page 135 and 136:
31 Historical Arachnology The histo
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262 IV. DE ARACHNOLOGIA spiders qui
Page 139 and 140:
266 IV. DE ARACHNOLOGIA little was
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32 Practical Arachnology The practi
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274 IV. DE ARACHNOLOGIA hard. In th
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278 IV. DE ARACHNOLOGIA EXCURSUS A
Page 147 and 148:
33 Chemical Arachnology In the stud
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286 IV. DE ARACHNOLOGIA not very pl
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290 IV. DE ARACHNOLOGIA seventeenth
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294 IV. DE ARACHNOLOGIA A new aspec
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298 IV. DE ARACHNOLOGIA For more th
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36 The Spider's Web The webs that s
Page 159 and 160:
306 V. HETEROGRAPHIA a number ofver
Page 161 and 162:
310 V. HETEROGRAPHIA dramatically p
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314 ( i) ( ii) ( iii) (iv) (v) V. H
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318 V. HETEROGRAPHIA this may be ad
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322 V. HETEROGRAPHlA .1\Jenge in 18
Page 169 and 170:
326 VI. EPILEGO:VIENA Vellard, J.,
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i 330 Vl. EPILEGO~iENA Lamoral, B.
Page 173 and 174:
334 VI. EPILEGOMENA Ill. Bibliograp
Page 175 and 176:
INDEX ANIMALIUM 339 Index Animalium
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Savory - Arachnida 1977

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