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DUKE LAW MAGAZINE Fall 2005 Volume 23 Number 2
Fall 2005 | Volume 23 Number 2
Also:
A DISTINCTIVE APPROACH TO SUPREME COURT CASES
DUKE LAW’S INNOCENCE PROJECT

From the Dean
To the Duke Law School community,
This issue features a report on an
ambitious June 2005 trip to China by a
number of Duke law faculty, staff, and
alumni and their families. The trip to
Beijing, Xian, and Shanghai exceeded
our expectations in terms of the
development and continuation of
relationships with Chinese alumni,
universities, and law fi rms, and it gave
the Board of Visitors some helpful
perspectives as the Board considers
future initiatives in Asia. A reunion of
Duke graduates living in Asia celebrated
the 20th anniversary of the fi rst Chinese
graduate from Duke Law School. A wellreceived
academic conference at Tsinghua
University furthered collaborations
between the Duke Law business and
intellectual property faculty and their
Tsinghua counterparts. Receptions at
White & Case in Beijing and Jun He Law
Offi ce in Shanghai gave Duke alumni the
opportunity to network with their Chinese
counterparts, and a presentation by the
Duke University Management Asset
Corporation in Shanghai helped the group
to better to understand the current
foreign investment challenges in China.
While touring many of China’s historic and
cultural treasures, and visiting Chinese
courts, we also observed fi rst-hand many
of the legal, social, and environmental
challenges now facing China, as well as
the important role many Duke Law School
graduates are playing in addressing those
challenges. The pace was brutal, but we
developed strong bonds, and have a
much better sense of goals and strategies
with respect to China. I appreciate the
work of our many Chinese alumni who
helped us to make this trip a great success.
Back at home in Durham, by the time
this Magazine is distributed, we hope to
be moving into our new addition. This is a
long-awaited event, made necessary by
the explosion in growth of new faculty,
clinics, journals, and interdisciplinary
centers. This is not the end of our building
initiatives, however. We still have a
signifi cant need for more high-quality
public space, which we expect to address
with renovations and redesign of the
interior courtyard area. In addition, there
are needs in the library for HVAC
replacement and space renovation. Still,
the additional 30,000 square feet for
clinic, journal, and faculty offi ces and
conference rooms goes a long way
toward improving our facilities. Thank
you to all who have helped to make this
addition possible, and we hope that
those of you who have not yet
supported our ambitious building plans
will soon be able to do so.
As the fall 2005 semester begins and
we welcome our extraordinarily qualifi ed
new class, we face important transitions
in several staff leadership positions.
Dennis Shields, associate dean for
admissions and fi nancial aid since 1998,
has left Duke to become the dean at
Phoenix International Law School. This is
an exciting opportunity for Dennis but,
of course, a signifi cant loss for Duke.
Under Dean Shields’ leadership the
admissions profi le of the student body
improved on all quality measures,
including diversity. Liz Gustafson ’86,
former dean of admissions (and also
former dean of student affairs), is
heading a search committee for a new
admissions dean. Diana Nelson, director
of communications, left Duke in the
spring to return to the private sector.
Her replacement, Kiersten Murnane,
comes to Duke from the University of
Michigan Law School, and brings
extensive communications experience in
both the public and private sectors.
The Offi ce of Alumni Relations and
Development is delighted to now have
the services of an attorney with
expertise in planned giving; Director of
Development Katharine Buchanan picks
up the reins left by Ann Sundberg, who
left to take a position on central
campus. In addition, Laura Eastwood
has stepped in to replace Patti Meyer,
who retired after six years at Duke, in
the position of director of development
services. I regret to say also that Melissa
Richey, director of the Annual Fund and
staff coordinator of the Future Forum,
has left Duke to move to Montana; a
search for her replacement is underway.
Duke Law School had an amazing
showing at the ABA Annual Meeting in
August. The student board of the Offi ce
of Public Interest and Pro Bono was one
of three fi nalists for the Judy M.
Weightman Memorial Public Interest
Award; Matt Christensen ’05 won one of
the handful of awards for the best student
law school-ABA liaisons; Vik Patel ’05 won
the award as the nation’s most
outstanding student bar association
president; and the Law School won the
ABA’s Gambrell Award for Professionalism,
based on the Duke Blueprint and other
initiatives designed to promote professionalism
at Duke. This may not count as a
“sweep,” but it’s about as close as one
gets, and shows that the efforts to take
professionalism seriously at Duke are
beginning to be noticed. Special thanks
go to Associate Dean for Student Affairs
Jill Miller, former Senior Associate Dean
for Academic Affairs James Coleman, and
Associate Dean for Pro Bono and Public
Interest Carol Spruill, for the leadership
they have shown in the initiatives leading
to this recognition.
At press time, the country is in the
throes of the loss and tragedy from
Hurricane Katrina. Duke is one of many
law schools around the country who
opened its doors to students displaced
by the storm. We accepted nine
students for the fall semester from the
law schools at Tulane and Loyola-New
Orleans, including two LL.M. students.
Our students are leading the campus in
their initiatives to help Katrina victims,
launching a number of fundraising
efforts and arranging for a truck of
supplies to be delivered to Louisiana. As
a community, we will continue to do
what we can to help. Our hearts go out
to the many victims of this disaster.
Warm regards,
Katharine T. Bartlett
Dean and A. Kenneth Pye Professor of Law

Fall 2005 | Volume 23 Number 2
DEAN
Katharine T. Bartlett
DIRECTOR OF COMMUNICATIONS
Kiersten Murnane
EDITOR
Frances Presma
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Janse Haywood
Kathryn Bradley
CONTRIBUTING WRITERS
Frances Presma
Caroline Sykes
Gergely Kanyicska
Elizabeth Schroeder
Shanda King
Jennifer Jenkins
Brett Cornwright
Thomas Metzloff
FACULTY NOTES EDITOR
Melanie Dunshee
CLASS NOTES EDITOR
Terry Banfi ch
ART DIRECTION
Marc Harkness
PRODUCTION ARTIST
Kelly Murdoch-Kitt
PHOTOGRAPHY
Alex Maness
Thomas Metzloff
Shanda King
John Spencer
Hélène Ducros
Tom Mendel
Todd Shoemaker
Back cover photo: Susan Bolch
Duke Law Magazine is published under the
auspices of the Office of the Dean,
Duke University Law School, Science Drive
and Towerview Road, Durham, NC 27708
FEATURES
74
Duke Law in China
The Law School celebrates more than
20 years of legal education and engagement
with the People’s Republic of China
12
4
52
58
56
57
60
Distinctive
Documentaries
Professor Thomas Metzloff’s fi lms
probe Supreme Court cases
32
The
Innocence
Project
Law students investigate
plausible claims of innnocence
37
7
DEPARTMENTS
From the Dean
02 News Briefs
Faculty News
40 Faculty Focus
44 Faculty Notes
Profiles
52 David Gibbs III ’93
54 Christine Richards ’79
55 Claude Allen ’90
56 Amy Yeung ’06
57 Around the Law School
Alumni News
63 Alumni Notes
74 In Memoriam
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 1

{News Briefs
Photo: Alex
Deputy Attorney General
defends USA Patriot Act
LAMENTING A LACK OF INFORMED DEBATE on the
USA Patriot Act (“the Patriot Act”), then-
Deputy U.S. Attorney General James Comey
defended it at Duke Law School on March 22.
“The discussion of this particular piece of
legislation has been bumper-stickered by
opponents and, to be fair, by proponents, who
questioned the patriotism of people who question
it.” But the details show that the Patriot Act
involves no trade-off between liberty and security,
nor does there need to be any such trade-off to
keep the country safe, he said.
Comey addressed issues of common concern in
the Act—and under debate in Congress at press
time—beginning with section 215, which gives
government investigators working on foreign
counter-intelligence or counter-terrorism cases
the ability to apply to a federal judge for a subpoena
to obtain “books, records, and other tangible
items.” This provision has been a lightning
rod for criticism from advocates concerned about
the privacy of library records.
To a prosecutor, “books and records” mean
credit card, bank, and accounting records, Comey
said. “The word ‘library’ does not appear in the
USA Patriot Act, and I would bet my life that the
people who drafted [it] never thought about libraries
when they enacted section 215. Theoretically
you could get books subpoenaed from a library by
2
FORMER DEPUTY U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL JAMES COMEY
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
Lectures, conferences, and other notable happenings
virtue of this provision,
[but] the Act
specifically says that
the request cannot
be based solely upon
First Amendment
activities of the person
whose records
are at issue.”
Besides, he argued,
in the course of
criminal investigations
federal prosecutors
have long
been able to issue
subpoenas “for books,
records, and tangible
items including,
theoretically, books
at a bookstore or at a library.” By way of example,
Comey pointed out that the federal government
subpoenaed the library records of Ted Kaczynski
to corroborate his brother’s suspicions that he
was the “Unabomber;” the published writings that
piqued David Kaczynski’s interest cited obscure
and ancient texts that Ted had indeed checked out.
In the spring of 2004, Comey said, an admitted
al-Qaeda facilitator was arrested after investigators
noticed that he made repeated trips from
his Queens home to various branches of the
New York Public Library, apparently to send
e-mail. Under questioning later, he said that he
learned that the libraries were scrubbing their
hard drives after each user, so he figured this
would make it harder for authorities to track
him down when he was e-mailing al-Qaeda
associates around the world.
“I don’t think any of us ... want libraries to be a
sanctuary for criminal behavior. You don’t want it
to be a sanctuary for pedophiles, for people who
are committing online crimes, you don’t want it
to be a sanctuary for terrorists,” Comey said.
Recipients of subpoenas for records under
section 215 are prohibited from telling any-
one about them, but concern over this level
of secrecy reflects a misunderstanding of
long-standing practice in criminal investigations,
he argued. Not only do such “gag orders”
offer protection against the guilty fleeing after
they learn they are being investigated, they
protect “against the innocent from being
ruined” by rumors of an investigation, he said.
Comey called the delayed notification search
warrants authorized by the Patriot Act—
so-called “sneak and peek” warrants—just
another “essential tool of law enforcement.” All
the Patriot Act did, he argued, was to codify
and standardize an investigative tool that had
been created in a “patchwork” by federal
judges across the country “who concluded that
under the Fourth Amendment it was reasonable
in certain circumstances to delay notice to
the subject of a search that there has been a
search.” Between 30 and 40 delayed notification
search warrants are obtained each year, he said.
“We are able to do it when it matters most.”
In short, said Comey, the Patriot Act took
a number of tools that have long been used
“ The discussion of this particular piece of legislation has been
bumper-stickered by opponents and, to be fair, by proponents,
who questioned the patriotism of people who question it.”
Former Deputy U.S. Attorney General James Comey
to investigate drug dealers, such as roving
wiretaps, and applied them to counter-terrorism
work. But he called “earth-shattering” the
Patriot Act’s destruction of the “wall” between
intelligence investigators pursuing terrorists
and criminal investigators pursuing terrorists.
Prior to passage of the Patriot Act, the
FBI and CIA could not share information even
when they were investigating the same people.
“There are still two worlds—intelligence and
criminal law—but [the Patriot Act] allowed
for the growth of a culture that allows them to
talk to each other, so we have everybody who’s
focused on that target able to know what the
others are doing. Most people don’t think that
was a bad idea no matter where on the political
spectrum they are. That made us safer.”
Deputy Attorney General Comey’s visit was
organized by Tyler Friedman ’06 and sponsored
by the Program in Public Law. d

Software patents v. open
source a “hot topic” in
intellectual property law
THE LEGAL TENSION between software patents
and the “open source” software movement
was the subject of a spirited panel discussion at
the Intellectual Property and Cyberlaw Society’s
fourth annual “Hot Topics” symposium April 1.
Introducing the topic, Professor Arti Rai noted
that software patents in the United States do
not require disclosure of programming instructions,
or “source code.” A growing number of
software programmers, however, have opted to
forgo patents in favor of licensing agreements
that allow for open access to source code and
permit licensees to develop new software based
on the existing code. Rai observed that the inherent
tension between software patents and the
open source movement has escalated in recent
years as companies have patented and marketed
software developed from open source programs.
“There’s the issue of whether open source
infringes some of these software patents.”
Mark Webbink, deputy general counsel and
TIMOTHY O’SULLIVAN ’90, MARK WEBBINK, JOHN CONLEY ’77, DANIEL EGGER
secretary for Red Hat, which markets software
derived from the prominent open source operating
system Linux, took the position that patents are
not essential for software innovation, but stifle
development by unfairly limiting competition.
“The patents are hard to identify, they’re hard
to associate with specific technologies, they’re
costly to evaluate, and they’re extraordinarily
expensive to litigate,” he said. Webbink suggested
that slight modifications of the current patent
system—such as limiting the term of software
patents or requiring disclosure of source code—
could lead to increased innovation in the industry.
By contrast, Timothy O’Sullivan ’90, a patent
attorney with the Raleigh firm of Myers Bigel
Sibley & Sajovec, argued that the exclusivity
conferred by software patents is key to innovation
in the field. The open source movement simply
promotes development based on pre-existing
technology, failing to stimulate the development
of truly new ideas, he said, while the patent sys-
tem adequately balances these two objectives by
limiting the duration of the patent holder’s right
of exclusivity and requiring public disclosure of
information related to the patented invention.
Citing increased corporate investment in and
reliance upon open source software, Daniel
Egger, founder and chairman of Open Source
Risk Management, suggested that the software
industry may be entering an era of aggressive
patent enforcement. While many infringement
claims would likely fail because the underlying
patents are weak, Egger said, the harm to the
open source movement could be profound.
“All you need is one non-practicing entity with
one claim that gets settled to create a lot of havoc
with the general public license, [the form which
governs most open source licensing agreements],
because you have the problem that whoever
has entered into that license is no longer able
to distribute.” One possible solution, suggested
Egger, would be to shift the cost of patent compliance
to end users, who confront fewer restrictions
under open source licensing agreements.
Robert Bray, who advises the European Union
(EU) Parliament on intellectual property issues,
among other matters, addressed the status of
software patents and the open source movement
in Europe. He described
the political controversy
that has erupted regarding
a proposal in the EU
Parliament to increase the
patentability of software;
it has “raised fears in the
open source community”
because such patents are
expensive to obtain and
defend. Opposition from
small- and medium-sized
software developers
has halted the proposal for now, he said. John
Conley ’77, William Rand Kenan, Jr. professor
of law at the University of North Carolina
School of Law, observed that the EU proposal
would implement a fundamental change to the
European patent system, which has historically
limited the patentability of computer software.
The afternoon agenda included two break out
sessions on a variety of current issues in intellectual
property law, as well as a keynote address by
George Gilder, editor-in-chief of Gilder Technology
Report and a senior fellow at Discovery Institute,
where he directs the Institute’s program on high
technology and public policy.
The “Hot Topics” symposium is an entirely
student-organized event. Sponsors included the
law firms of Dow, Lohnes & Albertson, Myers
Bigel Sibley & Sajovec, and Nelson Mullins Riley
& Scarborough, and The Triangle Intellectual
Property Law Association. d
–Caroline Sykes ’05
News Briefs
REED HUNDT, CENTER, WITH BRANCH FURTADO ’06
& TEDDY SCHWARZMAN ’06 OF SELS.
FCC undermines
First Amendment,
says former chairman
THE HALF-MILLION DOLLAR FINE levied by the
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
against CBS for Janet Jackson’s infamous “wardrobe
malfunction” during the Superbowl 2004 half-time
show was only the first of a series of “bad government
acts that have curtailed freedom of speech and
certainly the freedom of the media to investigate.”
That charge was leveled by Reed Hundt, who
chaired the FCC from 1993 to 1997, when he spoke
at Duke Law School on April 6, at the invitation of
the Sports and Entertainment Law Society (SELS).
Hundt, who called the FCC “the biggest threat to
the First Amendment that the electronic media has
faced since the McCarthy era,” went on to list other
developments he finds worrisome. These included: a
reversal by former FCC Chairman Michael Powell of
his own principle that network indecency standards
should be relaxed to those of cable; current FCC
Chairman Kevin Martin’s call for the cable industry
to create a family tier of programming—which the
Senate has threatened to legislate; the fact that the
FOX network, “often astonishingly aligned with the
administration politically” is fined rarely, whereas
CBS came under considerable pressure to fire Dan
Rather for running a “badly prepared”show reporting
negatively about the president’s military service;
and Education Secretary Margaret Spelling’s recent
threat to withdraw education funds from PBS affiliates
that broadcast an episode of a children’s show
depicting a family headed by same-sex partners.
“The federal government, in many ways, is bent
on limiting the independent role of the media in our
democratic system,” Hundt said. “It wants to turn
broadcasters and cable companies into allies of
government’s effort to win public support for many
different political purposes ranging from the war in
Iraq, to the campaign against the defined benefit
plans of Social Security. The electronic media are
urged to support political causes, even if it means
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 3

News Briefs
that they don’t tell the truth, or that they don’t investigate
to discover the truth.”
Because the FCC does not rule on indecency in
advance of a broadcast, the prospect of high fines
can themselves have a “chilling” effect on broadcasters
and reporters, Hundt continued, adding that
its recent practice of taking months—as opposed to
hours or days—to make rulings regarding indecency
further restrains expression.
Observing that it took the FCC six months to
rule that the feature film “Saving Private Ryan,”
with its theme of American heroism in World
War II, was not rendered indecent by the inclusion
of coarse language, Hundt asked his student
audience to consider what would happen
if a program involved documentary footage of
American soldiers in Iraq criticizing their mission.
“What is inside that show is not just the
salty language of the soldiers, but a critique of
“ The federal government,
in many ways, is bent on
limiting the independent
role of the media in our
democratic system.”
the war, and you can get fined by an FCC that is
politically appointed for the language? [As the lawyer
for the broadcast network] are you going to
think about whether the political context or content
is going to be taken into account by the FCC?
“It should never be a concern that a TV broadcaster
or journalist or a producer or investigator would
think that ‘if I present the reality here and it has
something that is arguably indecent, and I never
know the rules, I’m much more likely to get fined if
the administration doesn’t like the political content.’
“In our country, our glory is that we live the way
we want, precisely because we let others live
the way we want,” Hundt concluded. “This principle
of tolerance is the core value of the First
Amendment and is, therefore, the central reason
why the government should not punish TV stations
for content. It is absolutely the reason that if you
all do not graduate from here and become fighters
for the First Amendment then you won’t be living
in the country that you want to be living in.”
“Mr. Hundt possesses strong beliefs and first-hand
knowledge of the interplay between government,
expression, and indecency, and isn’t afraid to voice
his opinion on controversial topics that affect each
one of us as Americans,” said Teddy Schwarzman
‘06, SELS vice president of speakers and events. “His
speech seamlessly combined law, politics, ideology,
and humor in an informative presentation that made
us all think. It was an honor to have him at Duke.” d
4
Reed Hundt
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
ISRAELI AMBASSADOR DANIEL AYALON
Israeli ambassador
discusses prospects for
mid-East peace
sPEAKING AT DUKE LAW SCHOOL on March 7,
Israel’s ambassador to the United States, The
Honorable Daniel Ayalon, said that Israel seeks
peace with all its neighbors. He went on to describe
peace as more than just a strategic option.
“For us as Jewish people, and for Israel as a
country and a democracy, peace is ... a moral
obligation. And we are willing to do a lot to make
peace—to offer great concessions.” Offering
the lasting peace agreements Israel has made
with Egypt and Jordan by way of example, Ayalon
said Israel would be willing “to take the risks
and [make] the peace when we know we have a
partner whom we can trust—a partner which is
trustworthy, committed to peace, and also willing
to make concessions.”
A participant in the Sharem El Sheik, Wye
Plantation, and Camp David peace summits, Ayalon
expressed cautious optimism that Israel has such a
partner in Mahmoud Abbas, who had recently been
elected president of the Palestinian Authority.
“[He] won a free and fair election ... and called
for the end of violence. We hope that he will be
followed by his people, we hope that he will have
enough power to restructure his own police forces,
his own economy, [and] his own political structure,
so we can move ahead.” Israel’s proposed disengagement
would include the summer’s withdrawal
from the Gaza Strip and eventually from a substantial
portion of the West Bank. Ayalon was clear,
however, in pointing out that peace depends on an
end to “Palestinian terror.”
“What we ask from the Palestinians is to make a
sustainable effort against terrorists. It isn’t enough
to deploy their troops. They have to be proactive in
going after the terrorists, in casting a wide net of
investigations, arrests, and interrogations.”
Ayalon observed that 1,000 Israelis died in terrorist
attacks in the past four years, the proportional
equivalent for a country of 6.5 million to the
loss of 50,000 American lives. He laid the blame
for the bloodshed squarely on Abbas’s predecessor,
Yasser Arafat.
“It was a top-down campaign of terrorism which
was initiated, instigated, planned, and carried out
by Arafat, whose legacy of bloodshed, terrorism,
and missed opportunities was un-matched.”
Even if Abbas succeeds in quelling attacks from
Palestinian territory, Ayalon pointed to ongoing
threats from Iran and Syria, working through
“their proxy,” Hezbollah.
Photo: Tom Mendel / The Chronicle

“Just as we are beginning to see some traction
between us and the Palestinians, they are trying
everything to derail the process and to derail the
possibility of other progress.”
Ayalon called a nuclear Iran a danger to the
entire region that must be stopped, ideally through
the efforts of a unified international community,
and UN-imposed monitoring and sanctions.
“With political isolation, and with the threat of
economic sanctions, I think the Iranians will be much
more careful,” said Ayalon. “Iranians are very sensitive
and attuned to the international community.”
Returning to the prospects for peace with the
Palestinians, Ayalon reiterated Israel’s willingness to
release prisoners and retreat from Palestinian cities.
“The moment [the Palestinian Authority] can
assume responsibility, we don’t want to be in their
“ The moment [the Palestinian
Authority] can assume
responsibility, we don’t want
to be in their cities. We feel
that ultimately they can do
a much better job than us in
fighting the terror.”
Ambassador Daniel Ayalon
cities. We feel that ultimately they can do a much
better job than us in fighting the terror, because it
is their own people—people who live in their midst.
“I think [our] departure from Gaza also should
lend itself in a positive way for the Palestinians
to take control, and they can show us, and the
entire world that they are responsible parties.
They will be free and sovereign to do whatever
they can. The international community can help
with a massive inflow of cash, but basically, they
will have to gain control, so there is one authority
there, one roadblock, and ‘one gun’—
one security force.”
Responding to a question from the audience,
Ayalon cautioned against “rushing forward” with
a comprehensive peace plan, as was done in the
failed Oslo process.
“I don’t think that if we now frontload the core
issues of the permanent status, the peace will properly
be served. There is a win-win situation in moving
forward whereby the Palestinians can gain sovereignty
[and] gain a state for the first time in history.
In the “Roadmap for Peace,” the overriding principle
is performance. It is a win-win, where Palestinians
can gain full sovereignty over their population with
dignity, with economic benefits, and you still have
some issues that will have to be [negotiated].”
Ambassador Ayalon’s visit to Duke Law School
was sponsored by the Program in Public Law. d
Conference examines
strategies used in the
war on terrorism
THE PROGRESS OF THE WAR ON TERRORISM was
analyzed in depth during a Duke Law conference
on April 7 and 8. “Strategies for the War on
Terrorism: Taking Stock” brought together experts
from government, academia, the military and
intelligence services, and the diplomatic corps to
engage in a series of multi-faceted panel discussions
on such issues as the roots of extremism in
the Muslim world, acceptable parameters for interrogation
of “enemy combatants,” the workings of
military commissions authorized by the president
to prosecute those detained at Guantanamo Bay,
and the “sunset” provisions of the USA Patriot Act.
Co-sponsored by the Center on Law, Ethics and
National Security (LENS) and the Program in Public
Law, the conference also featured three remarkable
keynote speakers
who offered
unique insights
into the future of
the war on terrorism—but
little
reassurance of an
end to the conflict.
“This nation, in
my mind, is absolutely
certain to be
attacked again,”
said James Pavitt,
the former deputy director of operations at the CIA
and, in that capacity, manager of America’s worldwide
clandestine activities. He shared his concern
that terrorists could detonate a radiological device
in an American city, easily cobbling it together from
radioactive medical waste and basic explosives.
“It’s not a device that would kill a lot of
people, but it would absolutely send panic
throughout our nation.”
Even following the recommendations of the 9/11
Commission and the Weapons of Mass Destruction
Commission to the letter, however laudable and
essential, would not reduce the present risk
of attack, Pavitt said. “This is a generational
issue. Great progress has been made [but] great
amounts of work need to be done.”
In her keynote address, U.S. Rep. Jane Harman,
D-Calif., the ranking Democrat on the Permanent
Select Committee on Intelligence, echoed the sentiment
that the country remains under threat.
“It’s not a ‘war on terrorism,’ a notion which connotes
a finite adversary against whom we will win or
lose. We live in an era of terror,” said Harman.
Good intelligence, diplomacy, and public diplo-
U.S. REP. JANE HARMAN JAMES PAVITT
News Briefs
macy—“a broader public effort to win the hearts
and minds of the Muslim world”—are all necessary
to defeat the threat, Harman noted, before
launching into a critique of the administration’s
policies towards detention and interrogation of
terror suspects, the result of its “one-dimensional
view” that the United States is embroiled
in “simply a ‘war.’”
“People can’t just disappear in America,” she
said of the prisoners detained at the U.S. naval
base in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. “As the Supreme
Court held in Rasul v. Bush, prisoners must have
a legal status and the ability to challenge that
status.” Holding prisoners like American Jose
Padilla, arrested at Chicago’s O’Hare Airport on
suspicion of planning the detonation of a “dirty
bomb,” and detained without charges and access
to counsel at a military facility in South Carolina,
also is “inconsistent with our constitutional values,”
she continued.
Turning to the now-infamous “torture memos”
authored by the Office of Legal Counsel over the
past three years,
Harman charged
that the administration
“clings to
the view that our
laws do not constrain
the actions
of the commander
in chief in wartime.
But in an era of
terror, this position
breaks down.
Should we suspend our laws forever? Is that
really what America wants to stand for?”
Harman outlined draft legislation she is working
on along with Harvard professors Philip Heymann
and Juliette Kayyem that, she said, attempts to
acknowledge both that interrogations are “vital
tools” essential to intelligence-gathering, and
that torture, and overly coercive interrogation
techniques are wrong. She admitted the challenge
of striking the right balance, suggesting that a
diverse, bipartisan group, including administration
officials and civil libertarians, convene to work on
a consensus solution. Congress, she argued, must
lead the effort.
“Article 1, Section 8 provides that Congress
shall make laws concerning captures on land and
water. This is our responsibility. This is not the role
of the White House, or even the courts. This is the
role of Congress.”
The Honorable Nabil Fahmy, Egypt’s ambassador
to the United States, offered an international perspective
on many of the issues explored during the
conference. He cautioned against characterizing
the war on terrorism as just “America’s war.”
“It is not [just] an American problem. America
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 5

News Briefs
has to understand it is a global power. American
interests are global.”
While policing methods such as force and
immigration reforms rein in the ideologues and
masterminds of terrorism, equal weight must be
given to the “footsoldiers” of terrorists, “those
that they recruit, [and] the communities from which
they recruit,” said Fahmy. He called the rise of anti-
American sentiment a major problem, as it impedes
the ability of governments to deal with terrorists if
it causes them to appear to be supporting America.
“The only way to change that is to respond to
the concerns of these communities,” he said.
“ People can’t just disappear
in America. As the Supreme
Court held in Rasul v. Bush,
prisoners must have a legal
status and the ability to
challenge that status.”
“Whether we are talking about Kashmir, the Middle
East peace process, poverty, liberalization and
reform, Iraq—all of those issues will factor into
the success or failure in the war against terrorism.”
He called it a matter of American national
interest to help resolve such issues fairly, even
as each member of the international community
must attend to its own domestic problems. He also
called for American introspection, to better understand
why it is becoming a target of terrorists.
“You’ll never convince Bin Ladin or [Abu Musab
al-] Zarqawi, but you can definitely make a fundamental
shift in the sentiments vis-a-vis America
that will help create a strong center that would
stand up and defend America, defend a western
society, defend Egypt ... against terrorists who
will come and [claim] that ‘they are not fair about
Palestinians and Israelis.’”
Professor Scott Silliman, executive director of
LENS and the chief organizer of the conference,
was delighted with the level of discourse that went
on during the two-day event.
“There is no question that the discussions during
the conference informed and refined the public
debate on whether the United States has chosen
the right strategies and policies in the global
war on terrorism,” he said. “All who attended
agreed that it was a tremendously productive session.
I think it ranks among the very best conferences
we have put on over the last 10 years.”
“Strategies for the War on Terrorism: Taking
Stock,” was co-sponsored by Duke University’s
Sanford Institute for Public Policy and Kenan
Institute for Ethics, as well as the Triangle
Institute for Security Studies. d
6
U.S. Rep. Jane Harman
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
Conference focuses on
Supreme Court reform
THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT was called
a “gerontocracy” at a Duke Law School conference
April 9, likened to the leadership cadre of
the Chinese Communist Party. But that party is a
step up on the Court, said Northwestern University
Law Professor James Lindgren in defending the
charge: Its leaders are required to retire at 80,
while justices serve for life.
“Reforming the Supreme Court?” brought
together top constitutional law and Supreme Court
scholars for a spirited discussion of the costs and
benefits of life tenure for justices, and an exploration
of possible alternatives. Organized by law professors
Paul Carrington of Duke and Roger Cramton
of Cornell, who have co-authored a statutory proposal
to limit Supreme Court terms, the conference
was sponsored by the Program in Public Law.
Lindgren opened the conference with a look at
Court statistics: While the average age of justices
at the time of their appointments has long been
steady at 53, the average retirement age has risen
to 79, up from 68 for those retiring before 1970.
Since 1970, too, the average length of service for
justices has jumped from 14.9 years (more or less
a constant since 1789) to 25.6 years. Among the
reasons offered by participants for justices’ working
well into their 70s and 80s: improvements in
health care resulting in increased longevity, and
a workload in steady decline, partly due to the
Court’s power to select the cases it takes—“the
certiorari power”—and partly the result of delegation
to clerks, whose numbers have quadrupled
in the past 60 years.
“It is entirely possible for a justice in decay
and decrepitude to grind out opinions with the
help of clerks,” alleged Daniel Meador of the
University of Virginia.
A return to the 1946 standard of one clerk
per justice would heal whatever ails the Court,
maintained David Garrow of Emory University Law
School, a supporter of life tenure.
“Everyone knows that it would be a better Court if
the role of the clerks was dramatically reduced.”
Others found much more to criticize, alleging
that justices lose touch with the real world
after decades in the Court, and noting that a
long drought in vacancies increases the rancor
of the confirmation process, and encourages
the appointment of youthful, inexperienced idealogues,
as well as “strategic retirements” by
justices who hang on past their prime in order to
give a certain president or party a chance at an
appointment. The Supreme Court, it was noted,
is unique among American institutions and world
courts in placing individuals in office indefinitely.
A number of reform proposals called for justices
to serve 18-year terms on the Supreme Court,
rotating on at two-year intervals. That would
ensure that most one-term presidents would be
able to fill two vacancies.
“Knowing that a vacancy was going to open up
at regular intervals would lower the stakes for filling
any one vacancy now,” said Steven Calabresi
of Northwestern Law School. “Knowing that you
were only confirming somebody for an 18-year
term, not potentially for a 35-year term, would
also lower the stakes greatly.”
On the other hand, countered Ward Farnsworth
of Boston University Law School, term limits could
embolden presidents to nominate more ideologically
extreme nominees who would get waived
through the approval process on the theory their
extremism would be offset by a later nominee.
“Life tenure and keeping the stakes of the decision
very high forces a lot of compromise, and
“ There’s nothing in the
Constitution that says
[justices] serve for life, it
says ‘for good behavior.’
Congress can define
that in ways that do
provide encouragement,
inducement and, indeed, even
requirements for them to step
down at some point.”
Professor Paul Carrington
forces more moderate people. That’s exactly why
Robert Bork wasn’t confirmed, and why Justice
Kennedy was.”
Most of the term-limit proposals contemplated
life appointments to the federal judiciary; on the
expiration of their Supreme Court terms, justices
would take seats on lower courts of appeals.
Whether change would best be accomplished
by constitutional amendment or by statute also
came up for debate.
“There’s nothing in the Constitution that says
they serve for life, it says ‘for good behavior,’”
said Carrington. “Congress can define that in ways
that do provide encouragement, inducement and,
indeed, even requirements for them to step down
at some point. The one thing Congress can’t do
without violating the good behavior notion is to
employ some kind of system which is intended to
influence the decision of particular cases.”
The bottom line, he argued, is that requiring
a constitutional amendment renders the whole
discussion moot. “One of the problems with our
Constitution is that it’s very hard to amend.”

Quite apart from the deeply held belief by
many reform proponents and opponents alike
that life terms are constitutionally mandated, and
thus require a formal amendment, a number of
speakers expressed alarm at giving Congress an
opening to tinker with the Court by statute. They
repeatedly invoked the controversy over various
judicial rulings in the recent Schiavo case.
“Once Congress starts tinkering by statute with
the tenure of justices, they’ll be tempted to tinker
with it again to change the outcome of cases that
they might not like, that the Court would hand
down. I don’t want to give Congress that power,”
said Calabresi.
Verrill helps Zimbabwe’s
Dutch farmers in
international arbitration
ON APRIL 4, Charles Verrill ’62 spoke to Duke
Law students about his representation of
14 Dutch farmers, whose farms in Zimbabwe were
expropriated by its government, in arbitration
before the International Center for the Settlement
of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Verrill, who heads
the international trade practice group at Wiley Rein
& Fielding in Washington, D.C., teaches a course
in international business transactions at the Law
School, and is a member of the Board of Visitors.
Verrill’s clients were among many European
expatriates who invested in farms with the encouragement
of the government of Zimbabwe, after that
country achieved independence from the United
Kingdom in 1980. These farmers were extremely
successful, Verrill pointed out—by the late 1990s,
Zimbabwe was known as “the bread basket of
Africa.” At that point, the government of
Robert Mugabe moved to take over the
farms, with the stated goal of turning them
over to indigenous people.
While Zimbabwe enacted legislation
authorizing the expropriation and providing
for legal process and compensation for the
farmers, Mugabe loyalists circumvented the
process. A group of veterans of the war for
independence used coercive methods to
evict the farmers who, in fact, received no
compensation, Verrill explained.
“The ‘War Veterans,’ as they were
known, would go to a farm and give the
owners a 24- or 48-hour deadline to
leave after which they said there would
be violence.” He went on to describe his
experience of spending the night prior to
While the debate was both fierce
and friendly throughout the conference,
Cramton was clear that it was intended
to produce practical, not theoretical,
results.
“We’ve started talking with the Senate
Judiciary Committee, and we’re going to
have conversations with the staff and try to
identify some senators on both sides who
might want to support legislative hearings
on the topic, so they could hear the kind of
debate that’s going on here, as to whether
there is a problem that needs attention,
and, if so, what could be done about it.” d
eviction with a family of Dutch farmers.
“The War Veterans camped outside the farm
gates. They built bonfires, and shouted threats
over loudspeakers all night long, driving around in
trucks and shooting off guns. It was a rather terrifying
experience. The next morning we left.”
Only a small portion—at the most, five-acre
plots—of the expropriated farms was ever given
to indigenous people, he continued. The vast
majority lies fallow, used simply as weekend
retreats for government and military loyalists.
The Dutch farmers’ claim is subject to ICSID
arbitration pursuant to a bilateral investment treaty
between The Netherlands and Zimbabwe, Verrill said.
“This treaty provides that investors from the
Netherlands in Zimbabwe are entitled to fair and
equitable treatment, and to full security for their
investments, both of which rights were violated by
this whole episode.” Verrill anticipates the action will
take at least another year. Verrill’s lunchtime talk
was sponsored by the International Law Society. d
CHUCK VERRILL ’62
News Briefs
UNIVERSITY
COUNSEL
Duke University invites
nominations and expressions
of interest for the position of
University Counsel, Duke’s chief
legal officer. The University
Counsel will lead an office
of experienced legal and
administrative personnel. The
successful candidate will also be a
senior counselor to the President
and the Board of Trustees on the
broad range of complex issues
faced by an international research
university with a major medical
center and health care system.
Screening of candidates will begin
in mid-October and will continue
until an appointment is made.
Inquiries, applications and
recommendations may be
directed in confi dence to:
John A. Koskinen, Chair
University Counsel Search
Committee
Duke University
Box 90030
Durham, NC 27708-0300
Email:
counsel-search@duke.edu
Duke University is an Equal Opportunity/Affi rmative Action Employer.
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 7

News Briefs
Duke Journal of
Constitutional Law &
Public Policy launched
IN MAY, the Law School approved a new
student-led journal, its eighth. Sponsored
by the Program in Public Law, The Duke
Journal of Constitutional Law & Public Policy
is intended to serve as a practical resource
for lawyers, judges, and legislators to consult
when confronting fresh constitutional issues
or constitutional and policy dimensions of
new court decisions and legislation.
“It will coordinate wonderfully with
the Program in Public Law, which counts
informing the legal and larger community
on important matters of constitutional law
among its primary missions,” said Charles
S. Murphy Professor of Law and Public
Policy Christopher Schroeder, who directs
that program. “The journal takes advantage
of a growing interest among Duke Law students
in the important public law issues of
the day.” Schroeder will serve as faculty
advisor to the journal, along with Alston &
Bird Professor of Law Erwin Chemerinsky.
“The journal should be an important addition
to law reviews in that it will be the first
to focus primarily on constitutional law from
the perspective of lawyers and judges dealing
with cutting edge issues in this field,” said
Chemerinsky. “Over time, it has the chance to
become a pre-eminent venue for scholarship
on constitutional law and litigation.”
Founding Editor-in-Chief Scott Mikkelsen
’06 added that the journal was a perfect fit
for a law school with unique faculty strength
and broad student interest in constitutional
and public law.
“It seemed like we were missing a real
opportunity to make our voice more prominent
in the legal and academic community, and
among our peer institutions. We hope to make
an impact in the field immediately.”
In addition to publishing online at regular
intervals, the journal will publish a print edition
each spring.
Other Law School journals are: Duke Law
Journal, Law and Contemporary Problems, Duke
Journal of Comparative and International Law,
Duke Journal of Gender Law and Policy, Duke
Environmental Law and Policy Forum, Duke Law
and Technology Review, and Alaska Law Review. d
8
JOURNAL NEWS
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
DLJ considers Internet in agency decision-making
DUKE LAW JOURNAL (DLJ) held its 35th
annual administrative law conference on
February 25, focusing on the role of the Internet
in agency decision-making. Professor Stuart
Benjamin moderated the discussion among panelists
Zephyr Teachout ’99, a fellow at Harvard Law
School’s Berkman Center for Internet & Society,
Cary Coglianese, an associate professor of public
policy at Harvard’s John F. Kennedy School of
Government, John de Figuiredo, associate professor
of strategic management at MIT’s Sloan School
of Management, and Michael Froomkin, a law professor
at the University of Miami School of Law.
The panelists brought various perspectives to
the question—empirical, legal, and practical,
considering, among other issues, what challenges
and opportunities the rise of the Internet poses to
public agencies, and whether e-mail campaigns
reflect true grassroots activism.
While citizens can now easily participate in the
federal rule-making process through a Web site,
www.regulations.gov, Coglianese cautioned against
assuming that commentators are necessarily representative
of the larger public.
“The comment process is, even in a digitized
world, a reactive process. It’s one in which people
participate if they know about a rule, they know
about the agency, they know when to comment, and
THE NASCENT SCIENCE of behavioral genetics
and its implications in criminal cases was the
subject of a conference organized by Duke’s Law
and Contemporary Problems (L&CP) on April 8 and
9. Nita Farahany ’04, a key conference organizer
and special editor, with Professor James Coleman,
of the upcoming L&CP volume of conference
papers, explained that its goal was to help inform
the discussion of how behavioral genetics might be
used in the criminal context, and debate whether it
should be used at all.
Behavioral genetics is a population science,
Farahany explained, looking at variance in
expressed behavior in populations.
“If you see variance in violence in a population,
for example, behavioral genetics studies to what
degree the violence is attributable to differences
in biology, as opposed to differences in environment.”
Behavioral genetics has been introduced
in criminal cases for a variety of reasons, she
said: to bolster an insanity defense, as a separate
defense to excuse criminal conduct, to argue
they care about it.” Acknowledging that it “makes
sense” for government to be accessible and
reachable, and healthy for people to be somewhat
involved, “we shouldn’t change or modify administrative
law doctrine about public participation,”
said Coglianese.
Taking an empirical view, de Figuiredo noted
that data shows that interest groups are always
involved at a moderate level in issues, and that
does not change if electronic filing is an option.
Individuals are more likely to participate, especially
when they have a strong feeling about an
issue, he said. Like Coglianese, he expressed some
concern about putting too much stock in online or
e-mailed comments, though.
“How do you know the comment submitted online
is not just sent by a worker in China who is paid to
generate e-mail through a U.S host?”
Teachout, who directed online operations for
Howard Dean’s primary campaign, spoke about
using the Internet as an organizational, as opposed
to informational, tool. “Use of the Internet and email
does allow rule-makers to hear a story,” she
said. She also addressed how certain aspects of the
Federal Elections Commission operations may have
been affected by the Internet. The event was cosponsored
by Dewey Ballentine and the American
Constitution Society. d
Law and Contemporary Problems: The Impact
of Behavioral Genetics on Criminal Law
that a violent act was involuntary because the
defendant was predisposed to act violently or
aggressively, or to argue that a defendant was
unable to form the requisite mens rea to commit
the offense charged.
“Behavioral genetics has been used in a variety
of different ways, but there has not been
a thoughtful discussion as to how it should be
introduced, and what it can actually tell us.”
Conference speakers and participants approached
the topic from perspectives rooted in genetics science
and policy, criminal law, criminal responsibility,
and constitutional law, addressing behavioral genetics
in the context of such issues as addiction, criminal
responsibility, juvenile justice, and predictions of
future dangerousness.
The conference was co-sponsored by the Institute
of Genome Sciences and Policy’s Center for
Genome Ethics, Law, and Policy, and the American
Bar Association’s Science and Technology Section.
Papers from the conference will be published in Law
and Contemporary Problems later this fall. d
WEBCASTS of both “The Role of the Internet in Agency Decision-Making” and
“The Impact of Behavioral Genetics on Criminal Law” are available at http://www.law.duke.edu/webcast/

{Meredith and Kip Frey Lecture in Intellectual Property}
Samuelson discusses
“Enriching Discourse
on the Public Domain”
HE FIFTH ANNUAL Meredith and Kip Frey
T Lecture in Intellectual Property featured
internationally renowned scholar Pamela
Samuelson. Among other accolades, Samuelson is
a past recipient of the prestigious “genius grant”
from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur
Foundation, and has been named one of the Wall
Street Journal’s 11 technology pioneers and one
of the National Law Journal’s 100 most influential
lawyers in the U.S. Samuelson is a professor at
the University of California at Berkeley, with a
joint appointment to the School of Information
Management and Systems and the School of Law.
Professor Samuelson opened by celebrating
the “exceptional contributions” of the Duke Law
intellectual property faculty to public domain discourse
through scholarship, major conferences,
and new institutions that have catalyzed study of
the public domain.
At Duke Law’s seminal Conference on the Public
Domain in November 2001, Samuelson presented
a “map” of the public domain that defined it as
“information resources that were unencumbered
by intellectual property rights.” Samuelson
explained: “The map assumed there was one public
domain, namely the one that I mapped.”
When she later reflected on this map, however,
a “profound shift” occurred as she began to
accept that “there isn’t one public domain, there
are many public domains.” Just as “property” has
different meanings – from Blackstone’s sole and
despotic dominion to Hohfeld’s bundle of rights –
so should the “public domain.”
Samuelson catalogued several different conceptions
of the public domain. As she described, some
scholars focus on the legal status of information
resources when defining the public domain. Their
public domain would include “IP-free” information
resources such as facts and ideas, which do not
qualify for intellectual property rights, or Mozart
symphonies, in which these rights have expired.
It would also include resources that are “not yet
privatized,” such a therapeutic gene sequence
that has not yet been patented, or “google” prior
to the founding of the search engine firm.
Other scholars focus on whether resources
are “broadly usable” or “publicly accessible” in
a practical sense, rather than their legal status.
Under their definitions, the public domain could
include copyrighted material on the Internet that
is made available for public use, but might not
include a painting that is no longer copyrighted,
PROFESSOR PAMELA SAMUELSON
but is locked in an attic and therefore unavailable.
It might also include resources that are in
“contractually constructed commons,” such as
open source software and material under Creative
Commons licenses. These resources are protected
by intellectual property rights, but those rights are
used as grounds for contractual conditions that
ensure availability.
Samuelson also explored other public domain
definitions, and concluded that there are
numerous benefits to the increasingly “rich
and nuanced” conceptions from public domain
scholars. Among these benefits, “multiple public
domains” help to “articulate the positive values of
the public domain,” Samuelson said. These values
include: providing the building blocks (facts, ideas,
information, scientific principles) for creation of
new knowledge, enabling competitive imitation
and follow-on innovation, enabling low cost access
to information, ensuring access to cultural heritage,
and promoting deliberative democracy.
The broad-ranging scholarship can also help
to safeguard the public domain, or “public
domains.” In Samuelson’s words: “By emphasizing
these positive functions and values, public
domain scholars have not only transformed
discourse about public domains, but also offered
an array of ideas about how and why to preserve
and protect them.”
Professor Samuelson’s lecture, “Enriching
Discourse on the Public Domain,” will be published
in Duke Law Journal in February 2006. d
–Jennifer Jenkins ’96
News Briefs
Business Law Society
holds third annual
career symposium
N FEBRUARY 11, over 145 students took
O advantage of the opportunity to tap into
the knowledge and experience of 30 business
lawyers and leaders, 22 of them Duke Law alumni,
at “ESQ.,” the Business Law Society’s third annual
Career Symposium. Structured as a series of seminars
and small-group sessions, the event helped
students interested in business law gain a better
understanding of the field.
“There are a lot of questions that a student might
not ask in an interview setting, or even at a firm,”
observed Amy Yeung ’06, who chaired the organizing
committee. “With ESQ. we tried to provide as
many opportunities as possible for frank interaction
between students and practitioners, so that students
could learn about different practice areas.”
“ESQ. was one of the truly outstanding events
of the school year,” said Bruce Elvin ’93, assistant
dean of career services. “The excitement and
scope of the event are a tribute to the culture of
Duke Law School and the amazing abilities of our
students when they take ownership of their passions.
Organizers Amy Yeung and Brian Ward ’06
and their classmates are to be commended for
their efforts, as are Samantha Ferris ’05 and Keri
Richardson ’05 who set the event on its current
trajectory [in 2004].”
The small group conversations continued over a
lunch sponsored by the law firm Paul Hastings, and the
whole event was free to students thanks to the support
of the law firms Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft,
Gibson Dunn & Crutcher, and Moore & Van Allen, and
the Duke Global Capital Markets Center. “ESQ. 2006”
will take place on Friday, February 10, 2006. d
Thanks to the alumni
who attended ESQ.:
Carolyn Zander Alford T’89
Daniel S. Bowling III ’80
Erik Belenky ’97
Antonio Braz ’86
Robert E. Harrington ’87
James Hedrick, Jr. ’94
Michael Hoffman ’89
Winston Henderson ’96
Katherine Kessler ’93
Patricia Lehtola ’84
Thomas Magill ’76
Gray McCalley ’79
Mark Mirkin ’84
Steven Naclerio ’71
John Nurkin ’94
Therence Pickett ’91
Shefali Shah ’96
Alexander Simpson ’93
Carol B. Stubblefield ’92
Lovita Tandy ’96
Glenn Tucker ’80
Terry Tucker ’04
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 9

News Briefs
{Rabbi Seymour Siegel Memorial Lecture in Ethics}
Simon discusses the
crisis of the profession
in the post-Enron era
ROFESSOR WILLIAM SIMON examined
P changes and challenges to the legal
profession in the post-Enron era when he delivered
the fourth annual Rabbi Seymour Siegel
Memorial Lecture in Ethics at the Law School on
March 3. Professor Simon is the Arthur Levitt
professor of law at Columbia University and
a noted scholar in the areas of professional
responsibility and social policy.
Simon focused his attention on the profession’s
“rigid and befuddled” response to recent federal
reforms, particularly regulations in the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act that require lawyers to report
10
PROFESSOR WILLIAM SIMON
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Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
managerial wrongdoing up the corporate chain
of command, and IRS tax shelter regulations
that require lawyers who prepare tax shelters
to disclose client lists to the IRS. Because these
reforms focus on public responsibility, they
conflict with the duties of client loyalty and confidentiality
that are traditionally emphasized by
state ethics codes as a means of encouraging
clients to seek legal assistance, he said.
Formalism—“the doctrine that only the letter of
the law and not its spirit is binding”—is a professional
ideal for many lawyers, but a troubling ethical
area, according to Simon.
“Formalism increases lawyers’ room to maneuver
and the range of things they can do for clients.
Yet formalism undermines the bar’s claim that
lawyering for private clients serves the public
interest. If the ‘compliance’ that lawyers induce
means only conformity to the law’s literal terms,
we have no reason to consider it of social value.”
The confusing treatment of organizational clients
by rules of professional responsibility also
creates problems, Simon contended.
“The bar’s norms of practice have tended to
speak of clients as if they were individuals. They
have thus tended to ignore the internal conflicts of
interest that differentiate organizational from individual
clients. Lawyers have a strong tendency to
identify their corporate clients with management.
They know that in principle the corporation is not
the same thing as its management. But they have
no clear conception of what else it could be.”
Katharine Buchanan
Duke Law School
Alumni and Development Offi ce
buchanan@law.duke.edu
(919) 613-7217
Science Drive & Towerview Road
Box 90389
Durham, NC 27708-0389
This ambiguity, along with rules instructing
a lawyer to regard management as having
the authority to speak for a corporation, often
causes lawyers to conflate an organization
and its management, Simon observed. In fact,
he added, securities lawyers opposed the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the ground that it would
interfere with client loyalty.
Simon criticized the bar for failing to adjust
quickly to new regulatory realities, and urged lawyers
to embrace the era of “new governance.”
“Until the profession comes to terms with
these issues, it will not be able to respond plausibly
to the changing circumstances of its business
clients and the regimes that regulate them. The
new circumstances present opportunities as well
as risks for lawyers, but both opportunities and
risks require reconsideration of longstanding
positions and practices.
“The newer approach has the best promise
of vindicating the bar’s claim that its service to
private clients furthers public interests. The high
road [is] the most difficult in the short run but the
one with the most promise for the profession and
its role in society.”
The annual Rabbi Seymour Siegel Memorial
Lecture in Ethics is sponsored by labor lawyer and
Senior Lecturing Fellow Allen Siegel ’60, in honor
of his brother, who died in 1988. Rabbi Siegel was
a noted scholar in the areas of ethics, particularly
medical ethics, and theology. d
–Caroline Sykes ’05
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80 8.0%
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Community Enterprise
Clinic co-sponsors
conference on social
enterprise
DUKE LAW SCHOOL’S Community Enterprise
Clinic (CEC) and the Center for the
Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship (CASE)
at Duke’s Fuqua School of Business teamed up
June 1 to help nonprofit organizations understand
how they can use business strategies to help
support their charitable endeavors, co-sponsoring
a one-day “Conference on Social Enterprise.”
The conference attracted nonprofit managers,
philanthropic leaders, and institutional moneymanagers
from across the Carolinas, with interest
largely fueled by the fact that more and more
nonprofits are trying to find new ways to finance
their operations.
“The reality is that a lot of government and
foundation funding is being cut back,” said
Clinical Professor Andrew Foster, director of CEC,
which provides pro-bono legal services to nonprofit
organizations and low-wealth entrepreneurs.
“Many nonprofits must decide on appropriate
business plans for sustaining their charitable
work, and these choices involve significant legal
issues as well as business questions. The conference
was intended to begin a conversation about
how social enterprise can be used effectively as a
tool, both to support organizational sustainability,
but also social change.”
Because business development is so hard—
the numbers of business failures far outweigh
successes—alignment between an organization’s
charitable mission and any business is
key, CASE Faculty Director Gregory Dees told
attendees in his keynote address. CASE is one
of the leading academic research centers on
social entrepreneurship.
“The businesses that are going to have a
greater chance of success are those that build
on your strengths, your assets, your resources,
and your capabilities. And in the end, [a social
enterprise] makes sense only if it helps you
make greater mission impact. It’s got to help you
serve your mission, either by generating money
that can be used for mission purposes, or by
serving the mission directly.” As an example of
the latter situation, Dees pointed to a Durhambased
residential substance abuse treatment
program that runs a number of businesses
staffed and managed by its residents; the businesses
provide an income stream for the nonprofit,
and also directly serve its rehabilitation
mission by providing residents with job training
and work experience.
Dees highlighted the importance of a business
plan for any social enterprise, but pointed out that
few ventures unfold exactly as anticipated.
“You have to adapt as you go, and perseverance
is crucial. Think of it as a process of
discovery. Set milestones to test this concept.
In most cases you can move into the venture in
a way that manages risks and tests the assumptions
that you’re making.”
A series of breakout sessions focused on such
issues as strategic planning, marketing strategies,
and the legal implications of a nonprofit’s involvement
in a business venture. Participants also got
to hear from a panel of nonprofit managers about
their experiences with entrepreneurial endeavors.
Financial support for the conference was
provided by The North Carolina Community
Development Initiative, The Mary Reynolds
Babcock Foundation, Wachovia Bank, and the Z.
Smith Reynolds Foundation. The North Carolina
Center for Non-Profits, North Carolina State
University Institute for Nonprofits, and the Duke
Certificate Program in Non-Profit Management
also served as sponsors. d
National security: The
changing role of the courts
ON APRIL 13, JUDGE DAVID SENTELLE of the
D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals shared his
perspective on how the role of the courts has
changed in the sphere of national security, giving
a lunchtime talk sponsored by the Federalist
Society. Sentelle is a member of Duke Law
School’s Board of Visitors.
The June 2004 U.S. Supreme Court decision
in Rasul v. Bush, in particular, “represents
a departure from the general understanding
among judges of the law of habeas corpus as
applied to enemy aliens in extra territorial con-
“ Even the government concedes that given [its]
unconventional nature, the current conflict
is unlikely to end with a formal cease-fire
agreement. How will we know when the war on
terror has ended?” Judge David Sentelle
finement, at least since 1950,” said Sentelle.
He reviewed in detail the Court’s 1950 decision
in Johnson v. Eisentrager, which held that
federal courts lack the jurisdiction to grant
habeas relief to detainees in wartime, finding
instead that “the military had jurisdiction to
confine, accuse, and condemn enemy aliens.”
News Briefs
A clear majority of the Court distinguished
on a number of counts the petitioners in
Rasul—14 foreign nationals detained in
Afghanistan and held at Guantanamo Naval
Base in Cuba—from those in Eisentrager
on a number of counts. Sentelle highlighted
two findings of both the majority and Justice
Kennedy in his concurring opinion: that
Guantanamo Bay was under the clear sovereign
control of the United States, whereas
the Eisentrager aliens never entered U.S.
jurisdiction; and that unlike the armed conflicts
of the past, the war on terror may
have no clear end, resulting in the indefinite
detention of combatants.
“Even the government concedes that given
[its] unconventional nature, the current conflict
is unlikely to end with a formal cease-fire agreement.
How will we know when the war on terror
has ended?” asked Sentelle.
Whatever the distinction, said Sentelle,
with Rasul—and to some extent with Hamdi
v. Rumsfeld, which was decided at the same
time—the Court stepped into an area previously
seen as the purview of the political
branches of government.
“The majority in Rasul may not state that much
has changed in the balance of power between the
judiciary and the political branches with respect to
national security, but Justice Kennedy, in concurrence,
and Justices Scalia, Rehnquist and Thomas
in dissent establish that much has changed, for
better or worse,” said Sentelle. “Justice Kennedy
thinks the circumstances warrant the change, but
the dissenters find it so disturbing that they don’t
think its worthy of change. [They] say that Rasul
extends the habeas statute for the first time to
aliens detained beyond the sovereign territory of
the United States, and beyond the territorial jurisdiction
of its courts.
“I don’t suggest that the power of the president
as commander in chief, or the joint role
of the president
and Congress in the
conduct of military
affairs has been wiped
out by Rasul, or even
by Rasul and Hamdi
together, but I think
Justice Kennedy and
the dissent make it
very plain that it has
been diminished. It has been invaded,” said
Sentelle, going on to discuss recent contrasting
decisions in the D.C. Circuit which will come
before the Supreme Court in the coming term.
“Whether this is a good thing or a bad thing, will
be a subject of long debate. But it’s a real thing,
and I think that’s indisputable.” d
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 11

12
DUKE
LAW
IN
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Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
THE LAW SCHOOL CELEBRATES
MORE THAN 20 YEARS OF
EDUCATION AND ENGAGEMENT,
AND LOOKS TO THE FUTURE

LI
LI XIAOMING
XIAOMING ’90 is the managing partner of the Beijing offi ce of White
& Case, with a practice focused on general corporate and structured
fi nance, and mergers and acquisitions. His clients include international
enterprises with business interests in China, as well as Chinese corporations
operating in the global marketplace. Currently representing a Chinese bank
in extending fi nance to the purchasers of Chinese telecom equipment, Li is
wrapping up a series of transactions in Hong Kong, Vietnam, and Bangladesh,
after which he will handle transactions in Poland, Russia, and France.
Li’s thriving international practice is a testament to his legal skill as well as
evidence of what China is today: a global economic powerhouse. Yet when
he enrolled at Duke Law School in 1987—grabbing an “irresistible offer” of a
full scholarship equivalent to 10 years worth of his salary as deputy secretary
general for China’s arbitration commission—Li’s choice of study met with some
condescension from Chinese students in other Duke schools, expressed during
their Saturday morning soccer games.
“Their assumption was that only underachievers would study law, because
all the smartest were in the sciences. They assumed that if I
planned to go back to China, the law was useless,” Li explains.
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 13

14
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
He admits to sharing their skepticism.
More than a decade after the end of the
Cultural Revolution, China was still making
its first moves towards a socialist market
economy, and its legal infrastructure was
in its infancy. In 1982, when Li received his
undergraduate degree, only about 80–90
lawyers graduated in all of China. There were
no private law firms until 1984. And it would
not have been the inclination of most Chinese
to engage lawyers at that time in any event.
“If they had a problem, they would probably
go to their boss, or to the government
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WINSTON (JIUSU) ZHAO ‘88
Managing partner, Jones Day, Shanghai
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
authorities, and they would seek a political,
as opposed to a legal, solution. A legal way of
solving problems was not available. Courts
were not equipped to solve civil disputes.”
Today, Li, says with a laugh, “the Chinese
love going to court. They are more litigious
than Americans.” There’s no shortage of
representation either; Li estimates that
there may be as many as 2,000 law schools
in the People’s Republic of China (PRC). As
for his own success, Li attributes it largely
to that “irresistible” opportunity of a scholarship
to attend Duke.
Zhao is a specialist in cross-border transactions and international securities. After his graduation from Duke, he joined Coudert
Brothers in New York, transferring to its Hong Kong office in 1991. Moving to Clifford Chance the following year, he relocated to
its Shanghai office in 1995, and joined Jones Day in 1999.
MY GENERATION GREW UP during the Cultural
Revolution. Between 1966, when I was 12, and
1978, I had just one year of education. It was due
to self-study that I was able to go to college.
At that time a JD was not available to Chinese
students. This changed when I was 31, and I left
for Duke in 1985 – it was my first trip overseas,
and my first trip on an airplane. When I arrived in
the United States, the culture shock was huge!
I found that on each page [of every textbook]
I counted a hundred or so new words and
expressions; when you then consider each
course has at least 20 to 25 pages of reading
assignments, and that each semester had four
or five courses, I had to learn a lot of new words
and expressions very fast! Many words and
expressions have no direct translation to Chinese,
as well – there is a huge difference in social,
cultural, economic, and historical systems.
I still remember vividly my first course,
torts, taught by Professor Robertson, a retired
navy officer with a strong southern accent. The
first week I thought I understood 60 percent
[of his lecture], the second week 70 percent,
the third week 80 percent, but then in the
fourth week I couldn’t understand anything.
I went to speak to Professor Robertson and
asked, “What has gone wrong?” He said,
“Congratulations, Winston.” I asked him,
“Why?” Professor Robertson explained, “What
you tried to do was put the words together
and simply calculated them – so you thought
you understood but you didn’t. Now you have
realized that you need to see beyond the words
and then you can understand.”
This gave me some confidence.
The combination of all of these obstacles made
my getting a law degree a formidable task
– which makes me extremely proud to have
made it to where I am today. My education at
Duke fundamentally changed my perception,
particularly with concepts such as "innocent
until proven guilty." It had a profound effect
on the way I operate, in doing justice and
in becoming a person who thinks rationally,
instead of just looking at the facts. It also
gave me the highest level of professionalism
– the way I deal with clients and in the way I
approach my work in every way.
During the baccalaureate ceremony at the
Duke Chapel, I felt a tingle down my spine
– I really felt like a professional. I still vividly
remember it now.
In addition to my daily practice and
administrative work, I also teach at various
Chinese law schools. I use the Socratic
method on real Chinese cases to help pass
my knowledge, and experience on to the upand-coming
lawyers of the future. My Duke
education has not only helped my professional
development, but now my teaching is helping
Chinese students and will, hopefully, impact
China’s legal reform in the years to come.
“Without Duke Law School, I would not
be who and where I am today.”
Li, a life member of the Law School’s
Board of Visitors, hosted a reception for
fellow alumni, faculty, and their families at
his new Beijing offi ce on June 9 to kick off
their 10-day tour of his country. Organized
to mark 20 years since the fi rst Chinese law
student graduated from Duke, the tour celebrated
the outreach, initiatives, and achievements
of Law School alumni and faculty in
China over that period. In addition to taking
in such marvels of ancient China as the
Great Wall and the Terra Cotta Warriors of
Xian, the Duke Law contingent got a fi rsthand
look at China’s current prosperity:
construction cranes dotting the landscape,
state-of-the-art offi ce buildings and four-star
hotels transforming the skylines of Beijing
and Shanghai, new cars crowding the roads.
With a conference at Tsinghua University
exploring issues relating to intellectual
property protection, corporate governance,
and investing in China, the tour offered an
in-depth look at where China is today, and
the opportunities and challenges that exist
in law and legal education.
“The trip was absolutely fascinating,”
says Board of Visitors member Candace
Carroll ’74. “We not only learned about
China’s rich history, but a great deal about
China as she is today.” Board of Visitors
Chairman Peter Kahn ’76 agrees.
“For the Law School it was a wonderful
way to strengthen our existing partnerships
in China with law schools and law firms,
and hopefully establish new ones, all with
the goal of enhancing our academic scholarship,
research, recruiting, and placement
in the region. For the Board of Visitors it
was an excellent opportunity to evaluate
our international programming up close.
And more generally for the alumni, faculty,
and family members who participated,
it was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to
begin to understand a society we know little
about, and do it with a group of spirited
friends from Duke.”
Since 1985, dozens of lawyers have
graduated from Duke Law School who
now practice in China, or who have strong
professional—and personal—ties to the
PRC. They include partners with large
international and domestic Chinese fi rms,
such as Li, who have enjoyed extraordinary

success. To name just a few who took part
in Duke Law School’s summer events: Ma
Hongli ’89, managing partner of Jun He
Law Offi ce in Shanghai, China’s largest
domestic fi rm (which also hosted a reception
for the Duke Law group); Danian
Zhang ’89, the managing partner of Baker
& McKenzie’s Shanghai offi ce; Winston
Zhao ’88, the managing partner of Jones
Day in Shanghai; and Zhang Xuebing
’98, the managing partner of Beijing’s
Zhonglun Jintong and one of China’s
leading real estate and property development
lawyers. Alumni who practice internationally
with strong connections to the
PRC include Xianping Wang ’91, whose
Alexandria, Virginia based fi rm, Garfi nkle
& Wang Associates, is integrally involved
with China’s aviation and energy sectors,
among others; Yan Xuan ’87, vice president
of corporate and business development for
Oracle Corporation; and Kenji Kuroda ’89,
founding partner of Kuroda Law and Patent
Offi ces in Tokyo, whose Shanghai offi ce
was recently opened by Sumiko Kayano ’01.
Duke Law graduates with ties to the
PRC also include academics and policymakers.
Professor Gao Xiqing ’86, who
this year received the Law School’s
International Alumni Award, and who
returns annually to lecture at Duke, has
been a particularly infl uential reformer—a
key figure in China’s development as a
capital market and now, as vice chairman
of the National Council for Social Security
Fund, in charge of managing his country’s
pension reserves. (See profi le, page 22.)
“We are very proud of our Chinese graduates,
who are leaders in the legal system in
China, helping to shape the course of this
ambitious country in a positive way,” says
Duke Law School Dean Katharine Bartlett.
BUILDING A PROGRAM
Professor Jonathan Ocko has been teaching
classes in Chinese law and society at the
Law School since the early 1980s. A scholar
of Chinese history, he started traveling
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
XIANPING WANG REGULARLY
LECTURES AT CHINESE
UNIVERSITIES.
“ LAWYERS ARE PLAYING AN IMPORTANT ROLE,
WHICH YOU COULD NOT HAVE PREDICTED YEARS
AGO. THEY ARE IMPORTING NEW CONCEPTS—
WESTERN LEGAL CONCEPTS—TO CHINA, AND
ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION BETWEEN THE
PRC LOCAL BUSINESS COMMUNITY AND THE
FOREIGNERS DOING BUSINESS THERE.” XIANPING
to China in 1982, shortly after Chairman
Deng Xiaoping sanctioned the end of the
country’s extreme isolation. China, says
Ocko, started rebuilding its legal system
from scratch in the late 1970s, looking all
over the world for sources of law.
“[T]hey borrowed from civil law countries
like Taiwan and Japan, and for their property
law, they borrowed from the German
Civil Code. Laws relating to public and private
international law often show a stronger
Anglo-American infl uence.
“It is a process that is still ongoing. First
the Chinese had to establish a legal framework,
and then build a cohort of judges and
lawyers trained in the legal framework.”
It was against that backdrop that then-
Dean Paul Carrington was contacted, in
1980, by the fi rst Chinese student seeking
admission. Shi Xi-min ’85, a graduate of
China’s University of Foreign Economic
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 15

16
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
“ I WAS GENUINELY EXCITED ABOUT THE PROSPECT
THAT WE WOULD BE REACHING OUT. THIS WAS A
NEAT THING FOR DUKE TO DO—CONNECT ITSELF
WITH A REAL ISSUE IN THE WORLD THAT WOULD
HAVE A LONG AND LASTING IMPACT.”
DANIAN ZHANG ’89
Senior partner and chief representative,
Baker & McKenzie, Shanghai
Zhang practices in the areas of
cross-border counseling, mergers and
acquisitions, general commercial, WTO,
and international trade regulations and
customs.
LOOKING AHEAD, for international law
firms such as Baker & McKenzie, mergers and
acquisitions is one of the growth areas in China.
Every year, many international companies come
to invest in the PRC, some for taking advantage
of its relatively cheap labor force, while others
[seek to enter] the Chinese market. Instead of
setting up a presence from scratch, more and
more foreign investors are showing an interest
in acquiring existing businesses with acceptable
records. Intellectual property will be another
growth area and outbound investment by large
PRC companies such as Lenovo, Shanghai
Automotive Industry Corporation, and Haier
Group, is also on the rise. In summary, there has
been increasing demand for international lawyers
in China to advise on cross-border transactions.
In addition to the above, dispute resolution,
construction and securities are also attracting
more attention.
To be honest, without receiving the fine legal
education from Duke Law School, I cannot
imagine that I could achieve what I have
achieved today. I have always been very grateful
for Duke’s generous financial support provided
to the Chinese students at that time and the
high-quality legal education I received from
Duke. At Baker & McKenzie’s Hong Kong and
Chinese offices, other than myself, we have also
other lawyers who have graduated from Duke,
and we are all very proud of being alumni. We
highly appreciate the dean, the board members
and other professors of Duke Law School’s recent
visit to Beijing and Shanghai and their meeting
with Duke Law School alumni in both cities.
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
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Relations and Trade, arrived in 1982, after
a year-and-a-half of diplomatic wrangling
with Chinese and dubious American
authorities, and the eventual intervention
of former President Richard Nixon ’37.
Carrington waived tuition, funding Shi as a
Nixon Scholar with an endowment from the
President’s classmates. He then arranged
for Shi’s living accommodations, a modifi
ed fi rst-year curriculum, and a summer
job with Nixon’s New York fi rm, Mudge
Rose Guthrie Alexander & Ferdon. (See
Carrington’s essay, “Duke Law in China: A
Remembrance,” excerpt, page 24.)
In the fall of 1983, an undergraduate
classmate of Shi’s, Gao Xiqing, also was
admitted with a full scholarship. Gao was
already in the United States, working as
an intern with Graham & James in its San
Francisco, Washington, D.C., and Los
Angeles offi ces. Although Gao is remembered
for his initiative as a student at the
Law School, he recalls his culture shock at
encountering the American system.
“In China, you’d show up to school, and
the professor would tell you exactly what
you were going to do, then give you books,
pens, notebooks—everything. It never
occurred to me to go to the bulletin board
to see what the professor wanted us to do in
NEW CONSTRUCTION
IN SHANGHAI
advance of the class.
“My first class was property law, with
[the late] Professor Bertel Sparks. I went to
class empty-handed, and looked around.
Everyone else had an enormous book
with them. Immediately, Professor Sparks
started talking about some case, speaking
in legal jargon. So for the whole hour,
I had no clue what was going on.” Gao
recalls struggling to keep up—and getting
very little sleep—during his first several
months of law school.
The Law School established more formal
ties with China and Chinese legal institutions
following a visit in 1983 by an offi cial
from the Ministry of Education and the
dean of the People’s University Law School
(Ren Da) in Beijing, and Carrington’s first
recruiting trip to China—at their invitation—in
the summer of 1984. With Ocko
also conducting interviews during his regular
trips, screening prospective students for
their English language profi ciency, the Law
School found itself with an ever-increasing
number of Chinese students entering the
JD program through the 1980s. A high of
15 entered in 1987.
Although the PRC paid airfare for
some of these students, none of them
paid tuition. Carrington instead recruited

a law fi rm sponsor for each student; the
students worked for their sponsors for
two summers, with the Law School receiving
suffi cient funds in return to cover the
students’ living expenses through the year.
Many fi rms had an alumni connection to
the Law School, and viewed their sponsorships
as a contribution to the public interest,
Carrington explains.
“It was not hard to convince American
lawyers that a country having almost no
lawyers badly needed some.”
Judy Horowitz, associate dean for
international studies, recalls some of the
practical challenges involved in providing
comprehensive support to a relatively
large number of students “far from home,
many without their spouses and children,
most with little or no previous legal training,
some with limited English ability, and
all new to the complexities of America
and American education.” She recalls, for
instance, the challenge property law posed
for students essentially unfamiliar with the
concept; one bright student, she says, managed
to defer taking it until his third year.
The faculty was, by and large, supportive
of Carrington’s establishment
of a “China program.” Brainerd Currie
Professor of Law James Cox, whose classes
in securities law have always been particularly
popular with Chinese students, was a
champion from the start.
“I was genuinely excited about the prospect
that we would be reaching out. This
was a neat thing for Duke to do—connect
itself with a real issue in the world that
would have a long and lasting impact. And
I think everybody understood that a country
that was going to be other than just a
third-world country had to have economic
development, so their students would have
a keen interest in learning as much as they
could about commercial and corporate
transactions in particular.”
ESTABLISHING AN EXCHANGE
In the mid-’80s, People’s University offered
to host a group of Duke Law students for a
year as part of its fi rst exchange program.
Dan Scheinman ’87 recalls “begging”
Carrington to send him as a 2L.
“I believed that we were entering the age
of the rise of Asia. China was just begin-
ning to liberalize, and I wanted to witness
it,” says Scheinman. It had an enormous
impact on his life—he met his wife in
Beijing, and made a number of lifelong
friends—and his career goals; while he had
originally planned to become a litigator, he
saw new possibilities in business law.
“When I got to China, I recognized that
there were things that had a global impact.
One of them was technology. The other was
being versant in the ‘global conversation.’ I
saw the power that technology had. At the
time, Hewlett Packard was just opening in
China and [employing] a lot of people, and I
realized that sometimes business had more
power to do positive things in the world
than government. The role that technology
and companies had the potential to play in
China’s awakening and liberation was really
fascinating to me.”
Now senior vice president for corporate
development of Cisco, Scheinman’s
company has a large base of operations in
China, which he describes as “the global
market.” He hopes that law students are
paying attention.
“Today everybody needs to be aware of
China, because it is going to impact every
aspect of our economic life—everything
from the rise in gas prices to what jobs
people will be doing.”
In fact, China is very much on the radar
screens of American law students as they
plan their careers. Sara Wickware ’06, who
worked for Jones Day in Shanghai in 2004,
noted that almost all of the 15 students
enrolled in Ocko’s seminar on Chinese law
and society last fall had spent time in the
PRC; some planned to return.
Students are not the only ones who have
benefi ted from the Law School’s ties to
China; various Duke Law faculty have taught
in Chinese institutions over the years. As a
member of the Council on Legal Education
Exchange with China (CLEEC), formed in
1985 to connect major American law schools
to suitable Chinese applicants for admission,
Carrington fi rst taught prospective students in
a two-week program in Manchuria that year.
James B. Duke Professor of Law George
Christie, who fi rst went to China with a delegation
from the American Bar Association
in 1978, lectured on products liability law
in Beijing and taught a four-week course in
American tort law at Fudan University in
Shanghai in 1985.
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
KENJI KURODA ’89
Founding Partner, Kuroda Law Offices,
Tokyo and Shanghai
Kuroda practices internationally, with a
specialty in patents and mergers and
acquisitions. He has been active in China
throughout his career, and in December
2004, Kuroda’s first partner, Sumiko
Kayano ’01, opened Kuroda Law Office in
Shanghai.
WHEN I WAS a first-year associate at a Tokyo
firm 19 years ago, I strongly felt that China
would become one of the largest markets for
Japan as well as the United States. Mr. Deng
Xiaoping had changed his national policy and,
judging from the size of the country, I thought
that China would be the most successful country
for the next generation.
I studied Chinese language and law independently.
At Duke I arranged to have a Chinese
roommate, and sought out the Chinese law students
to work on my language skills. There were
many fine students that came from mainland
China. I shared a wonderful time with them and
became even more confident in the future of that
country because those students were excellent.
After working as an intern in the summer of
1989 at Johnson, Stokes & Master, the largest
Hong Kong firm, I studied Chinese investment
law at Fudan University for a year.
I was at Duke at the time of the Tiananmen
massacre. We all understood how terrible it was,
but I also felt that the situation would improve.
I started my firm 10 years ago with one secretary
and one Chinese paralegal, and found a good
market for my expertise in Chinese law. Many of
my clients are Japanese corporations and financial
institutions doing joint-ventures and mergers and
acquisitions in China. Today we have more than
80 staff in Tokyo and Shanghai, including eight
Chinese attorneys and eight Chinese paralegals.
We have probably handled the highest volume of
Chinese work among all Japanese law firms.
Practicing in China is not without risk. Chinese
laws and regulations are always changing. For
instance, foreign companies cannot operate as
business entities. Those firms have to restrict
themselves to very limited activities and areas,
and are expected to practice the laws of their
home countries. There is a risk, too, if China
changes its policies towards openness. But I
don’t think that will happen—even changes in
leadership take place seamlessly. The younger
generations put more emphasis on the economy,
as opposed to political struggles or other factors.
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 17
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“One subject that aroused considerable
interest was the awarding of damages
for emotional distress, which sparked an
extended discussion of how to value human
life,” he recalls. Christie returned to China
in 1995 for a series of lectures to university
and bar association audiences in Beijing,
Shanghai, and Chengdu.
In February 1999, Duke and Tsinghua Law
Schools signed a memorandum of understanding
to partner in an exchange of faculty,
students, and scholarly projects. In the Fall
1999 term, Chunyan Fan ’00 of Tsinghua
taught a Chinese law course at Duke, and the
Global Capital Markets Center held a major
international conference on corporate governance
issues in China at Tsinghua. Professor
Thomas Metzloff and David Warren ’64, who
had taught environmental law at Tsinghua in
1998 as a Fulbright Scholar and again in 1999
and 2001, coordinated an experiment in distance
learning: Tsinghua students studied distinctive
aspects of the American legal system,
such as First Amendment protections, capital
punishment, and affi rmative action, which corresponded
to emerging issues in China.
TIANANMEN SQUARE
BRINGS CHANGES
The student pro-democracy protests in
Beijing in May 1989—and the central
government’s violent suppression of
them—changed the way Duke Law’s China
program was administered, says Horowitz.
“From the spring of 1989 on, the scrutiny
of Chinese students admitted to study
in the U.S. became very severe, and obtaining
a visa at the U.S. consulate meant
overcoming a major hurdle.” Only one
Chinese student joined the LLM class of
1990, although two more transferred into
the JD program from the LLM program at
18
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
Columbia Law School.
While the faculty, headed by then-Dean
Pamela Gann ’75, still strongly supported
the mission of the Law School to help develop
the legal system and profession in China,
it decided, to cut back the numbers of
Chinese students admitted to and supported
by the School. Through the 1990s, scholarships
were extended to about three JD students
and one LLM student annually. In the
early 1990s, Gann also ended the policy of
having law firms that employed Chinese students
in summers make payments directly
“ OUR ALUMNI HAVE GONE BACK, THEY’VE LECTURED,
THEY’VE BROUGHT THEIR SKILLS BACK, AND THEY’VE
BROUGHT THE MODELS OF HOW TO DO BUSINESS
AND LAW BACK WITH THEM. IN THE LONG RUN,
THEY HAVE MADE A DIFFERENCE.”
NIU WENJIE ’05
to the School; they instead
paid the students directly,
and Gann simply asked
those students to make suitable
contributions, at their
own discretion, once they
graduated and were in the work force. Most
have done exactly that with some, like Li and
Xianping Wang, who has served as a member
of the board of directors of the Duke Law
Alumni Association, also assuming leadership
roles within the alumni community.
As China has become more prosperous,
so have the Chinese applicants to the
Law School, Horowitz observes. Starting
in the late 1990s, an increasing number
of applicants had sound legal training and
solid work experience, and most could pay
their own tuition; a member of the Board
of Visitors helps support some worthy students
who need assistance.
It had always been the hope of the Law
School that most of its Chinese students
would return home to China after graduation
or a few years of work at an American
fi rm, but Tiananmen Square had a chilling
effect for some; they temporarily lost confi -
dence in China’s commitment to openness
and reform. While it was somewhat diffi
cult for them to fi nd jobs with American
fi rms due to the frosty state of U.S.-China
relations at that time, the U.S. government
granted extensions of all student visas,
allowing the Chinese graduates to stay.
Wang, known as Ping to his friends and
clients, arrived at Duke with two Chinese
law degrees and the clear intention of
returning to his Beijing law fi rm, the fi rst
private fi rm in China.
“My thought was that the country needed
lawyers who understood both the Chinese
and the U.S. legal systems, and were fl uent
in English,” says Wang. “Everything suddenly
changed.”
Following his graduation, Wang joined
the Washington, D.C. fi rm of Galland,
Kharach, Mores & Garfi nkle, and immersed
himself in its specialty, aviation law, becoming
a partner in 1994. Far from disconnecting
from his homeland, though, Wang saw
it “as an aviation market to be explored.” He
has traveled to China almost monthly since
his graduation, establishingcommunications
with airlines, airports,
manufacturers,
regulatory agencies,
local governments,
and diplomats, fi rst
on behalf of his law
fi rm, and then as a
principal of the strategic
consulting fi rm to the aviation, energy,
and water resources sector that he and
other fi rm partners established. Garfi nkle
& Wang Associates, which does business as
GCW Consulting, represents a large number
of U.S. aviation companies operating
in China, and now has offi ces in Beijing,
Shanghai, and Shenzhen, and has plans for
a fourth. Today Wang’s confi dence is strong.
“The aviation industry is, in many ways,
a barometer of China’s openness and
growth, as well as a barometer of the China-
U.S. relationship,” says Wang who was
appointed as one of 15 special advisers to
the Civil Aviation Administration of China
(CAAC) in March, the only one outside of
the PRC. “China is of the same geographic
size as the U.S., but with fi ve times its
population. It has fewer than 140 commercial
airports, whereas the U.S. has 5,500.
Last year in China, each citizen traveled
by airplane 0.23 times; in the U.S., each
person traveled four times. And in the last
20 years, China has had double-digit GDP
growth annually, and the aviation growth
has been double that. China plans to double

its airports in a decade and purchases more
than half of its fl eets from the U.S. The
potential there is clear.”
MAKING A DIFFERENCE
Has Duke Law School been effective in its contribution
to the legal system and profession in
China? Wang says it has, without question.
“I am personally grateful, but objectively
speaking, Duke really did a fantastic job as
one of the first to establish such a regular
and consistent program. Duke’s alumni
have played important roles in the changes
in China—Gao Xiqing, in particular, will
be in the history books.”
Professor Jonathan Ocko agrees. “Our
alumni have gone back, they’ve lectured,
they’ve brought their skills, and they’ve
brought the models of how to do business
and law back with them. In the long run,
they have made a difference.” Alumni
like Li, notes Ocko, while not practicing
as Chinese attorneys—they suspend
their licenses while employed by foreign
fi rms—are consulted by legal offi cials for
their expertise. “Ma Hongli ’89, the managing
partner of a major Chinese firm, played
a central role in drafting the canon of legal
ethics for his firm, and has been active in
the Bar Association in Shanghai. These people
really have a chance to make an impact.
“A few years ago, I was talking to a
Chinese businessman who had no connection
to Duke. He said, ‘It seems you
can’t be involved in a complicated or complex
large-scale business transaction in
China without running into one of Duke’s
Chinese alumni.’ That in itself is a fairly
signifi cant contribution.”
He also recalls how students from
Tsinghua and Peking University Law
Schools thanked him for Duke’s commitment
to the legal profession and the law in
China when he spoke to them in 1999.
“One of them actually raised his hand
in the middle of my talk and said I should
tell Duke that they appreciated what it has
done over the years.”
Niu Wenjie ’05 credits the Law School
specifi cally for having a profound infl uence
on the development of Chinese security
law and regulations. She took leave
from her position as director of the law
division of the China Securities Depository
and Clearing Company (“China Clear”)
to enroll in Duke Law’s LLM program,
and was previously the deputy director of
the law division of the Shenzhen Stock
Exchange, China’s first. She has also been
on the teams charged with drafting and
revising Chinese securities and investment
fund laws.
“Professor Gao is in many ways the
father of Chinese securities markets, and
for having taught him, Professor Cox has
also had an important infl uence,” says Niu,
who has a high enough profi le in her own
right to have been invited to address the
international law section of the American
Bar Association in Washington, D.C. on
that subject last April.
Defl ecting the compliment, Cox remembers
his early discussions with Gao and his
classmate, Shi Xi-min, about the role the law
plays in developing countries, and the importance
of getting savings “out of tin cans”—
since the banking system was unreliable—
and flowing into development projects.
“What the law does is provide some
assurance that individuals who put effort
in, or invest money, have every reason to
expect that they can appreciate the risks of
doing so, and that they can measure what
the rewards are for embracing those risks.
The more trustworthy that process is, the
sharper the judgments will be that investors
make, and that ultimately will lead to
putting assets and resources to their highest
and best use. It’s really important in a
developing economy to get money fl owing
into the markets. That is what will develop
the productive resources to improve the life
of everybody in the society.”
Cox calls the early 1980s “truly the wild
west” for capital markets in China. “They
were developing informally and without regulation—there
were no corporate or securities
laws. As a result, they were largely ineffective
and ineffi cient, and always under the
threat that they could be snuffed out very
quickly if the central government decided
that this was not the way it wanted to go.”
While he takes no direct credit for
infl uencing Gao, Cox is certain that
Gao paid close attention to his message
on the cornerstones of U.S. securities
law: transparency, predictability, and
enforcement, the right level of sanctions,
and the right level of funding for the
enforcement agencies.
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
ROSS KATCHMAN ’87
Senior counsel and co-manager
worldwide mergers and acquisitions,
Hewlett-Packard Corp, Palo Alto, CA.
Katchman describes himself as “heading down the straight and
conventional road” in his second year at Duke Law, when Dean
Paul Carrington asked if any students would consider spending a
year on exchange as “visiting scholars” at People’s University Law
School (Ren Da) in Beijing. Five Duke Law students did just that
in the 1985-86 academic year.
THAT I WENT TO CHINA after my second year at
Duke Law was so improbable that it had to be an
accident—or Yuan Fen, roughly translated as the
lot or luck by which people are brought together.
It was a great adventure. The Western students
couldn’t speak Chinese and the Ren Da faculty
couldn’t teach in English. The official plan was to
study Chinese for the first semester and then study
some Chinese law during the second semester. But
it was more than optimistic to hope that our Chinese
language skills would advance to a level that would
enable any of us to study under the Ren Da law
faculty during the second semester, and we quickly
(and correctly) concluded that our most constructive
study program would be to focus on developing our
language skills and to be out-and-about in Beijing
and China as much as possible. We lived in a small
dormitory reserved for foreign students, teachers,
business people, and even what appeared to be
Eastern-bloc espionage operatives. [There were]
60 or so of us from places as diverse as the U.K,
Holland, Germany, Sweden, Finland, Japan, Tanzania,
Ethiopia, U.S.S.R., Equatorial Guinea, Mexico, Benin
and Durham (England and North Carolina).
It’s impossible for me to adequately describe
the fun and excitement of being in China at that
time as the country was just transitioning from
35 years of Maoist isolation. We traveled extensively,
made great friends (some of whom I have
been in almost daily contact with for the past 20
years) and experienced the beginning stages of
an economic transformation of historic proportions.
For five somewhat wayward Duke Law students,
it was both a year of “intoxicating expectations”
and, because China is an experience that
transforms your view of the world, one from which
we could never completely recover.
“When you talk to Gao, he has a
strong sense about what business people
want to do, and then tries to figure out
how regulations compliment those interests,
and still serve the public interest. I
don’t know how much credit we can take
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 19
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20
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
for that, but it’s not inconsistent with the
message that was drilled into him while
he was at Duke.”
Cox has not limited his message on
openness to his classes. A few years ago,
he participated in a program in China for
the Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development, the whole purpose of
which was to try to encourage the government
to commit more to strengthening the
enforcement of the securities rules. “The
belief was that development would be stimulated
if they had strong securities laws.”
THE GLOBAL MARKETPLACE
For the past 14 years, Ping Wang has traveled
to China almost monthly from his
home in Virginia. Still, he says he is constantly
surprised by the changes he sees
in Beijing, where he grew up, trained, and
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
practiced law before coming to Duke.
“There are many places I don’t recognize—new
construction, entirely new
neighborhoods. It’s all very, very different.
Culturally that is true, too. The younger generation
thinks very differently from the way
we did a long time ago.” The environment
for doing business and the legal environment
have also markedly changed, he adds.
“Lawyers are playing an important
role, which you could not have predicted
years ago. They are importing new concepts—western
legal concepts—to China,
and establishing communication between
the PRC local business community and the
foreigners doing business there. All of that
is changing very quickly.”
That it has changed is clear. China is
not only open for business, it is looking
to extend its reach and resources, as evidenced
by the China National Offshore Oil
Company’s (CNOOC) June bid (later with-
DAVID WARREN ’64
Professor Emeritus, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Duke University
Warren is an expert in public health and environmental law. He first went to China in 1998 as a Fulbright Academic
Scholar, teaching environmental law at Tsinghua University Law School, and returned there in 1999 to help set up
Duke Law School’s reciprocal arrangement with Tsinghua. Warren returned again in 2001 to facilitate an experiment
in distance learning with Tsinghua’s law school.
WHEN I WAS AT TSINGHUA my main job was
teaching environmental law and being a promoter
of other activities at the law school. I became
involved with moot court, and edited the inaugural
issue of the law journal.
Tsinghua was primarily an engineering and science
university, and just reopened its law school with a graduate-level
law degree in 1995. The first class of seven
students graduated when I was there. I was teaching
the second-year students, a class of 14.
While their English was quite good, the Socratic
method of teaching came as quite a jolt to my students.
While the students were accustomed to recitation
and memorization, I was trying to teach them
to process, to analyze, and to think on their feet.
They had not been exposed to any western-style
teaching up to that point. I introduced the idea of
standing, coming to the board, role-playing, taking
one position and switching sides, and taking the
other side and making the same argument. Some
of my students complained about it early on, but
by the end of the semester, the head of the “anti-
Socratic camp” became a real proponent. In fact,
she became my assistant when I returned in 1999.
By 2001, things had changed had changed
drastically. The student body numbered 600 – up
from a total of 20 in 1998. They had a new building,
a much larger faculty, and a steady stream
of foreign professors, Fulbright scholars and
others. Tsinghua had made remarkable progress,
far beyond what an American law school could
achieve over just three years.
I got a sense that a certain portion of the students
wanted to use their law degrees for the idealistic
purposes of being part of the “rule of law”
movement, and others were interested in being
involved with business and making a lot of money.
In my areas of expertise, environmental law and
public health, I see considerable progress. There
are more academic environmental studies, an
increasing public interest and awareness, and more
government money being put toward environmental
protection. And while routine, public health maintenance
surveillance remains under-funded and
under-manned, there is a public health infrastructure
in place now. China’s reponse to SARS showed
that it can mount a massive public health response
to contain a serious epidemic.
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drawn) for American oil giant Unocal, and
other recent attempts by Chinese firms to
acquire such brands as Maytag, as well as
their distribution networks.
The realities of doing business in
China—and comparisons to its main Asian
competitor, India—were the subject of a
morning panel at the Law School’s conference
at Tsinghua University on June 11.
(See story, page 26.)
Professor Stephen Wallenstein, director
of Duke’s Global Capital Markets Center
(GCMC) which co-sponsored the conference,
takes a clear-eyed look. While he
calls China “the engine of world growth at
the moment,” that growth is a bit out of
control, in terms of the extent to which the
Chinese are building over-capacity in sectors
such as commercial real estate.
“On one hand, there is a nine percent
growth rate in the country, and a 15–20 percent
increase in investment every year. China
has recently dismantled its fi xed exchange
rate and has huge reserves. However, the
economy is still cushioned by a signifi cant
level of non-tradable government stakes in
large enterprises. China’s plan to unwind
the high level of government ownership is
crowding out new listings of more productive
private enterprises. Managers don’t own
stock, so they don’t have the incentive to
maximize profi ts and shareholder value.”
Wallenstein points out that China’s
securities markets are trading at an
eight-year low. “Investors are very leery.
Corporate governance, transparency,
accounting rules—all have a very long way
to go.” At the same time, he adds, China
represents a substantial opportunity for the
GCMC, because of its expertise and focus
on corporate governance.
The GCMC presented a training program
in China in 2000 at the Shanghai
Futures Exchange, which was co-sponsored
by the China Securities Regulatory
Commission and Morgan Stanley, and it is
currently evaluating the possibility of presenting
a Directors’ Education Institute in
China in the fall of 2006.
Signifi cantly, there are opportunities for
lawyers in every sector.
“For Chinese students, the current
opportunities in China are extraordinary,”
says Ocko. “It makes sense for them to
stay and get some practical experience in
the United States, but their futures—and

“ WHAT WE LEARN THROUGH THESE INTERACTIONS
[WITH CHINESE STUDENTS, ALUMNI, AND
INSTITUTIONS] IS AS SIGNIFICANT AS WHAT WE
DRAGON BOAT AT THE SUMMER PALACE IN BEIJING
their fortunes—are going to be made in
China. If you are doing high-end securities
litigation, or large-scale project finance for
a Chinese firm or for a U.S. firm operating
in China, you’re doing as well as you
could in the United States, and there you
can make a contribution.”
Notorious for its lack of intellectual property
protections—another subject of Duke’s
Tsinghua conference—that area is a hotbed
of legal activity. China’s entry into the World
Trade Organization (WTO) also presents signifi
cant opportunities; the banking sector is
one that has to open by the end of 2006.
Issues emerging in China also present
opportunities for Duke Law School, its faculty,
students, and graduates. Poverty is on
the rise, as is poverty law. Clinical Professor
of Law Carolyn McAllaster traveled to
China as a guest of the clinical programs
at Peking University Law School in June,
fi nding great interest in Duke’s clinical
programs and opportunities for students. It
is fascinating, she says, to see that at least
two of that university’s four clinics focus on
research; students research the legal needs
in specifi c low-income communities and
report directly to government offi cials, as
well as to their instructors.
“That’s very different from what we do.
Our laws are set, in a way, and in most
cases we are trying to get the law interpreted
in our clients’ favor.”
McAllaster anticipates greater contact
between Duke Law’s clinical programs and
those at Peking University, possibly leading
to a student exchange.
“There’s great pedagogical value in learning
to work across cultures, bringing any
expertise that students might have gained
in a clinic here to their work in China, and
in bringing back an understanding of the
tremendous need internationally for legal
services for poor people.”
Charles S. Murphy Professor of Law
and Public Policy Studies Christopher
Schroeder immersed himself in environmental
issues in China during his June trip.
“Economic growth is putting heavy
demands on all aspects of the energy sector,”
Schroeder points out. “China’s energy mainstay
has always been coal, which it possesses
in abundant amounts second only to the
United States. At one time, China thought
that bringing on line the hydroelectric power
from the Three Gorges Dam would mean
that it could retire some of its oldest coal
fi red plants, but the explosion of economic
activity thwarted those plans. Instead, China
now anticipates another 200 gigawatts of
new coal-fi red electrical generation will be
built in just the next 15 years.”
While car ownership has boomed as a
sign of prosperity—increasing about 100
percent over the past three years—it is another
source of pressure on worldwide petroleum
production, adds Schroeder, and has
had a discernible effect on world oil prices.
“These two fossil fuels—coal and gas—
are clearly the engines driving China’s
economic boom. Unfortunately, they are
also the engines of increasing environmental
problems. China is on schedule
to eclipse the United States as the world’s
leading generator of global warming gases
in about 20 years. Fossil fuels used in
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
electrical generation and in autos are the
two principal sources of local air pollution
throughout China, but especially in the
cities. The skies of Beijing, Shanghai, and
Xian were dull and gray with pollution
during most of our visit.
“In short, the environmental and energy
issues facing China, like many of its social
and economic issues, are large in their
scope and large in their potential impact on
both the Chinese and the rest of the globe.”
Looking ahead, Dean Bartlett says there
are many ways to contribute to law and
policy in China.
“We can find the best students from
China and give them a first-rate education.
We can keep in touch with these
students when they graduate and learn
about the issues of importance to them.
We can multiply and deepen our contacts
with law faculty in China and share
expertise on a wide variety of topics in
law and legal education, including intellectual
property, business law, environmental
law, constitutional law, and legal
clinics. What we learn through these
interactions, of course, is as signifi cant
as what we teach. Duke’s approach will
continue to be one of partnerships and
mutual exchange.” d
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 21

22
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
GAO XIQING says that he has never had a
job he did not instantly enjoy, or come
quickly to like, and has tried to excel in
every position. That was true, he says, when
he was assigned to do manual labor on a
railroad in his early teens, and during the
year-and-a-half he spent as a bench worker
in a Chinese artillery factory.
“I call myself a Lei Feng type—a
small cog in a huge Party machine, and
wherever they put me I’m happily there.”
He has brought the same optimistic attitude
to such daunting professional chal-
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
lenges as establishing rules for China’s
nascent capital markets, and managing
its social security fund.
It was always Gao’s intention to return
to China and participate in reforms there.
While working as an associate at the Wall
Street fi rm Mudge Rose Guthrie Alexander
& Ferdon following his graduation from
Duke Law, he and other Chinese expatriates
engaged in on-going discussions about
establishing stock exchanges in China.
“Even Marx praised stock exchanges
and banking systems. He regarded them
GAO XIQING ’86 WAS A KEY ARCHITECT
OF CHINESE SECURITIES LAWS AND IS
NOW VICE CHAIRMAN OF A FUND SET UP
TO MANAGE SOCIAL SECURITY RESERVES
FOR 750 MILLION CHINESE CITIZENS.
GAO XIQING ’86: REFORMER AND OPTIMIST
Illustration: Kelly Murdoch-Kitt
as tools, rather than goals, and tools can
be used by anyone—they can be used
to serve the purposes of the poor people
and the working class. So in my mind, in
order for China to change for the better
and compete, we needed a better financing
system. Stock exchanges were an
inevitable part of that.
“From 1985 on, capital markets were
on the reform agenda, but very little was
actually being done. After a lot of deliberation,
a group of us decided that it was
time to put up the proposal. In 1987-88,

things were very, very active in the ideological
world in China, and in the political
arena, and we thought that if we put
forth these ideas, there was a chance that
they would be accepted.”
Having gained critical experience in
the operations of the New York Stock
Exchange and the Securities and Exchange
Commission (SEC) while at Mudge Rose,
Gao returned to China in 1988, touring
various European stock exchanges en
route, including a new one in still-socialist
Hungary. He subsequently took a leadership
role in drafting the securities rules during
“three sleepless weeks” in the spring of 1989;
the rules were released at the end of April.
“But by then the
students were already
out in the streets and
in Tiananmen Square,
and it was tabled.
Nobody could bring
themselves to think
of it for awhile,” he
recalls. By the end of
the year, things were back on track, with
the Chinese leadership committed to moving
forward with reforms as opposed to
returning to a planned economy.
While ideally, says Gao, securities law
would be passed nationally, the Shanghai
and Shenzhen city governments were given
limited authorization to draft their own regulations;
Gao and his colleagues were involved
in drafting the corporate laws and securities
regulations for both cities’ stock exchanges,
the fi rst in China. Drafting itself posed a
particular challenge because the Chinese language
lacked the requisite vocabulary.
“When necessary we either used English
translations or made up the words,” recalls
Gao. “Today, many people say things like
‘market makers’ with ease, but in those
days, people laughed because it sounded
so strange—in Chinese, ‘market maker’
sounded very much like ‘love maker.’ Now
we have the words we need, and nobody
thinks about where they came from.”
The fact that China is not a capitalist
country—private ownership is still a new
concept—forced quite a number of compromises,
acknowledges Gao, who served as vice
chairman of the China Securities Regulatory
Commission (CSRC) from 1999 to 2003.
“The American [securities] system is still
regarded as the best in the world. While we
tried to copy it in many ways, we also borrowed
rules from the British, Taiwanese,
Japanese, and German systems, because
the American rules of laissez faire sometimes
just wouldn’t work in China. People
wouldn’t agree to it. Even after all these
years, we have a system that looks on the
surface like others, but when you talk about
the enforcement level, and the actual details
of the laws, it’s very different.
Gao has been a consistent advocate of
a mandatory disclosure system, similar
to that of the U.S. “Basically that means
that as long as you disclose what you are
selling, you can sell almost anything—the
government won’t stop you from selling bad
“ PARTY POLITICS ARE STILL CLOSED, BUT
EVERYTHING ELSE IN CHINA—ECONOMIC REFORM,
FINANCE, SPORTS, DAILY LIFE, SEX—ARE MORE
FREELY DISCUSSED THAN IN MOST COUNTRIES IN
things, as long as you disclose that they are
‘bad things.’” He has been openly critical
of the Chinese government’s insistence on
approving all listed stocks, feeling that it
automatically signals to the investor that the
investment is a good one.
“Since 1990, the number of listed companies
has grown to 1,400 from the eight
originally listed. Probably only 100 are worth
investing in. To me, that shows the failure
of our approval system. No matter how good
the intention, the state can’t possibly do the
job. Business is a complicated thing. And the
government can’t make up all these numbers
and decide which is good and which is bad.
Nobody is able to do that.”
The fact that he can state his criticisms
publicly is a testament to how far China
has come towards freedom and democracy
in 20 years, Gao says.
“Party politics are still closed, but
everything else in China—economic
reform, finance, sports, daily life, sex—
are more freely discussed than in most
countries in the world.”
In 2003 Gao became vice chairman of the
National Council for Social Security Fund,
charged with managing the social security
reserves. Set up in 1997 to handle the retirement
needs of urban residents only—a population
currently in excess of 750 million—the
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
fund has only about $20 billion dollars.
“We’re trying to grow it, and we’re trying
to persuade the government to open other
resources for the fund,” says Gao. Whereas
current rules allow the fund to be invested
in both the fi xed economy and the equity
market in China in a very limited way, the
government recently gave the go-ahead in
principle for some of the money to be invested
abroad. “We are still waiting for the state
council to come up with some rules, after
which we will assign a small amount of our
money to international investment.”
The job particularly suits the idealist in
him, Gao says.
“When I was at the CSRC, very often I
would be accused of
not having enough
sympathy for the
small investors in
the market. I would
say, ‘Our small
investors may look
poor compared to
the big capitalists,
but they have some money to play with.’ I
felt like I was serving the rich people there.
Finally I can tell my conscience that I’m
doing the right thing, because I am serving
the truly poor people. I am helping people
who have absolutely no means to help
themselves.”
In that spirit, Gao recently started a charitable
fund, with the support of some of his
former students, to directly help children in
the poorest areas of Tibet and Mongolia stay
in school. While nine years of education are
government supported, many families in
poor areas take their children—most commonly
their daughters—out of school in
order for them to earn income. The fund
provides families enough income to make it
worth their while to let them stay in school.
It also assists some high-achieving high
school students meet expenses. Last winter,
Gao took a 5,000 mile train trip with his
six-year-old son last year to visit families of
scholarship recipients.
“It was a good experience for my son. He
gave a report to his teacher, and I talked to
his class about how lucky they are, and how
sympathetic they should be to poor families.”
Asked of which of his achievements he
is particularly proud, Gao demurs.
“I’m not done yet—there are many
worthwhile things still to do.” d
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 23

I
24
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
DUKE LAW IN CHINA: A REMEM-
CAME FROM Michigan to Duke in 1978 to
serve as dean of the Law School. I had in
mind the opportunity to help improve legal
education in the United States. Not considered
was the possible internationalization of
the Duke Law School, or that Duke might
play a role in legal education in China.
It was perhaps in December [1980] that
I received a stunning letter from Shi Ximin,
then in China. To get a letter from
China was itself an astounding event. No
one born after 1960 can today imagine the
degree of isolation of China, especially in
its disconnection from America. Xi-min
wanted to study law in the United States.
The quality of his English was such that I
was confi dent some American had written
his letter, and he did acknowledge the help
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
“ IT WAS NOT HARD TO CONVINCE AMERICAN LAWYERS
THAT A COUNTRY HAVING ALMOST NO LAWYERS
of a graduate of Wellesley College. He identifi
ed himself as a worker with the Ministry
of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade,
and a recent graduate of the University of
International Business and Economics. But
he also described his life as the son of an air
force general who had himself served in the
military as a helicopter pilot. And he had
also been in prison twice during the Cultural
Revolution—once as his father’s son, and
once on his own account. He was married to
a woman who was on military duty in Tibet.
All this was interesting, but what blew my
mind was his claim to have translated into
Mandarin two novels by William Faulkner,
one of which (Absalom, Absalom) I had read
and found to be absolutely incomprehensible.
I much desired to meet such a person.
PAUL CARRINGTON, DEAN
FROM 1978 TO 1988, OVER-
SAW THE START OF DUKE
LAW SCHOOL'S INVOLVE-
MENT WITH CHINA.
It was not until the early spring of 1982
that Xi-min actually arrived in Durham.
Getting him out of China was not easy.
There was the U.S. Department of State to
deal with. And then its Chinese counterpart.
A call to our alumnus, former President
Richard Nixon ’37, did get the attention of
the Chinese bureaucracy. Another alumnus,
Al Philipp ’50, general counsel to
Pan-American Airways, then the largest
international airline, arranged for Xi-min
to get a free ride from Beijing to New York.
The Law School bought him a ticket to RDU.
Because we had a small endowment fund
contributed by President Nixon’s classmates,
I designated Xi-min as the Nixon Scholar
and used the bit of income from that fund to
cover some of his costs.

Because Xi-min had never studied law
in China, it was from the first planned
that he would stay three years and do the
JD program, with a lighter load in the first
year. I was able in effect to waive tuition.
Given the rate of international exchange at
that time (the annual income of a Chinese
worker might then exchange for perhaps
$200), it was unimaginable that tuition
would ever be paid by a student from
China. Less easily solved was the problem
of living expenses. I arranged for Xi-min
to live [in a rooming house owned by my
son]. He was a strong personality and an
adequate student of American law. He
found employment for himself for the
summer of 1983 (with some help from
Professor George Christie) at Mudge Rose
Guthrie Alexander & Ferdon in New York,
the firm in which Richard Nixon had practiced
in the 1960s.
From the fi rst, Xi-min was ambitious to
bring other students from China. He most
urgently recommended his friend Gao
Xiqing, who had been his fellow student
at the University of International Business
and Economics. Somehow, Xiqing had
landed a tour as a paralegal at Graham
& James in Los Angeles. The most striking
fact about him was that his father had
been on the Long March of 1933, when
the Communist force led by Mao Tse-tung
escaped the trap set by the Kuomintang
army led by Chiang Kai-shek. His English
was very good, and he struck me as rather
a Chinese patriot. So I admitted him as a
second student from China, but wondering
how we would cover his living expenses.
Also that summer, Xi-min was recruited
by the Chinese Embassy in Washington to
study New York law firms as possible counsel
to the Embassy. The Embassy badly
needed help, and the foreign exchange
rates disabled them from contemplating
the help they needed – the price of legal
services was to them simply prohibitive.
For example, sometime in 1982 someone
had moved to reopen an ancient judgment
against the Kingdom of China that had
been entered by an Alabama court many
decades earlier. The Embassy’s way of dealing
with it was to insist that the United
States Department of State should fix the
matter. The result was a default leading
to prolonged diffi culty. On behalf of the
Embassy, Xi-min talked to a lot of New
York lawyers and recommended to the
Embassy the names of three, for which
they expressed gratitude.
But in the fall of 1983, Xi-min received
an urgent call from the Embassy. Someone
had initiated a proceeding in the United
States Department of Commerce to impose
a countervailing duty on Chinese textiles.
Billions were at stake. But no one on Ximin’s
list would do. The list being useless,
Xi-min and Xiqing would have to take care
of the matter! No one in our law school
knew much about countervailing duties,
but we knew a few lawyers in Washington
who did. So they got some pro bono help in
writing a memo to be fi led by the Embassy.
It was not likely a hard case to win, given
the international political scene at the
moment. But China won, and the Embassy
was grateful to the Duke Law School for its
cost-free victory.
A few weeks later, I received a visit from
Wang Fusun of the Ministry of Education
and Dean Gao of the People’s University
Law School (Ren Da). They invited me to
come to China in the summer of 1984 as
a guest of the People’s Republic to recruit
more students who might be able to win
such cases after a few months at Duke.
I was in China for over two weeks,
accompanied by [my wife] Bessie and our
younger son, Will. We ... were taken to the
universities to meet Anglophonic faculty
and the students whom they recommended
for places at Duke.
At Ren Da, I met 10 law teachers and
fi ve law students who wanted to come to
Duke. I provided the students with a copy
of the opinion of the [Supreme] Court in
Hickman v. Taylor, and then later got them
to discuss it with me. I was satisfi ed that all
were competent in English.
An interpreter was needed for my visit
with the faculty. The faculty did not have
offi ces, but carrels in a library that had been
thoroughly cleansed of capitalist dogma
during the Cultural Revolution. Their university
was established in a cave in 1934
and its historic role was to train party leaders,
and for that reason it had survived the
Cultural Revolution. But in 1984 it was an
arm of the Education Ministry and its students
were selected by a national examination.
They proposed to employ Shi Xi-min
as a member of their faculty. It seemed to
be supposed that I could arrange that.
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
Ren Da had never had foreign students,
and one aim of our discussion was to
consider what they might do with Duke
Law students. They would provide room,
board, and instruction to Duke students
in exchange for our working with their
students. I agreed to take two in 1984,
and perhaps the other three in 1985. In
exchange, three of our alumni did later
spend an academic year there. For Ross
Katchman ’87 and Dan Scheinman ’87,
that experience proved to be very important
to their future careers.
In 1985, the Council on Legal Education
Exchange with China was organized and
funded by the Luce Foundation. My presence
as a member of the fi ve-member
Council was an acknowledgment that Duke
was for the moment ahead in building a
relationship with China. Other law schools
were also, like Duke, beginning to see the
prospect of becoming international institutions
and it was the role of CLEEC to connect
them to Chinese applicants.
I succeeded in recruiting a law fi rm
sponsor for each of the JD students Duke
enrolled. The students worked for two summers
in those fi rms and were paid enough
to cover modest living expenses.
In varying degrees, these law firms may
have hoped to secure future business, but
in large measure, these were law firm contributions
to the public interest. It was not
hard to convince American lawyers that
a country having almost no lawyers badly
needed some. More than a few lawyers
with whom I spoke thought perhaps China
might be offered some of our excess legal
manpower. I also got a little financial support
from foundations and corporations.
Sometime in the late 1980s, I noticed
that we had fi ve Koreans among our international
students. I took them to lunch one
day to fi nd out how we were enjoying such
success in attracting Koreans. The answer
I was given was that it was not easy for a
Korean to establish contact with anyone
from the People’s Republic. The best place
in the world to do that, they thought, was
Durham, North Carolina. d
PROFESSOR CARRINGTON’S FULL ESSAY,
“DUKE LAW IN CHINA: A REMEMBRANCE,”
CAN BE FOUND AT http://paulcarrington.com/
Duke%20Law%20in%20China.htm.
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 25

26
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
PARTICIPANTS IN DUKE
LAW'S CONFERENCE AT
TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY.
FAR RIGHT: STEPHEN
WALLENSTEIN, DIRECTOR
OF DUKE'S GLOBAL
CAPITAL MARKETS CENTER
DUKE LAW’S TSINGHUA CONFERENCE:
A LOOK AT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND BUSINESS LAW IN
TWENTY YEARS AGO, it was not uncommon
for people from Korea, Hong Kong,
and Taiwan—including panelist Ken Yun
‘88—to have never stepped foot in China.
Today, China is running a $30 to $40 billion
trade surplus and has become a magnet for
foreign investment and for foreign lawyers,
with over 157 foreign law offi ces having been
opened in recent years across China.
Exploring emerging themes in this
transformation, Panel 1 of the Duke Law
School conference at Tsinghua University
in Beijing on June 11, took on the topic,
“Corporate Governance and Investing
in China.” This panel was moderated by
Duke Professors James Cox and Stephen
Wallenstein. Panelists included Professor
He Meihuan (Betty Ho) of the Tsinghua
law faculty, and Duke graduates Li
Xiaoming ’90, currently a partner in White
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
& Case in Beijing; Dan Scheinman ’87,
senior vice president for corporate development
of Cisco and one of the first Duke
Law students to study in China; and Yun
Young-Gak (Ken Yun) ’88, president of
Samjong KPMG in Seoul, Korea.
Panelists discussed how China continues
to try to attract foreign investment,
while also attempting to build economic
independence. They also explored the
emergence of a strong competitor to
China—India—and some of India’s advantages
in terms of technological superiority
and a more reliable legal system.
Restrictions on law practice by foreign
law firms (they may not employ
Chinese lawyers, nor practice Chinese
law), and changes in the concept of lawyering
in China—from the lawyer’s role
to strengthen the motherland, to the
lawyer’s obligation to represent a client’s
interests—were also discussed.
AMONG THE CHALLENGES in doing
business highlighted by the panelists
were the high level of state ownership of
Chinese enterprise, the lack of a tradition
of shareholder’s interests apart from the
party or the state, growing disparities in
wealth in China, lack of stability in the law,
a staggering $170 billion of non performing
loans, a declining stock market, poor
accounting practices, and various cultural
attitudes and practices which make it diffi -
cult for Western models of corporate governance
regulation to take hold in China.
A second panel, “Intellectual Property
in China,” continued some of the same
themes, specifi cally focusing on intellec-

tual property protection. Professor James
Boyle kicked off the session by drawing a
parallel between the much-criticized lack of
intellectual property protections in China
today, and similar resistance to such protections
200 years ago in the U.S., when
intellectual property interests from abroad
were disregarded, and joint ventures were
used to lure foreign investments and then
to obtain technology secrets for domestic
companies. He discussed whether, in
the context of this past, U.S. objections
to Chinese disregard of U.S. intellectual
property law was a matter of (1) hypocrisy,
(2) different circumstances calling for different
laws, or (3) moot, concluding that
each of these explanations had some force.
He focused on the dilemma that both too
little IP protection, and too much, can be
problematic for a developing economy,
drawing a comparison between Route
128 in Massachusetts and Silicon Valley
in California to show how an intellectual
property regime that looks great on paper
(the Route 128 example, with greater IP
protections, more vertical economic integration,
and more restrictions on job hopping)
might not actually operate to achieve the
desired ends as well as a “softer” regime
with greater mobility of ideas and workers.
He also addressed the apparent advantages,
and the hidden disadvantages of harmonization,
which deprives society of the kind
of natural experiments (like Silicon Valley)
that can inform us about where to draw the
right property protection lines.
Bharat Dube ’86, head of IP Enforcement
at Richemont International SA in Geneva,
gave a powerful presentation about the huge
subsidies to Chinese business that occur
through runaway counterfeiting operations,
and discussed various issues relating to
this problem from the perspective of the
business interests whose property is being
stolen. Speaking in strong language, he
charged that no one seemed to be willing to
take on China, even though its disregard for
intellectual property protections was devastating
to other countries.
Kenji Kuroda ’89, founding partner of
Kuroda Law and Patent Offi ces (Tokyo and
Shanghai) provided a comprehensive analysis
of a series of “China risk” factors that he
has identifi ed in the course of his practice
with fi rms doing business in China. These
risks include China’s relatively low respect
for law, persistent protectionism, the low
level of judicial independence in China,
and poor interpretation of Japanese patents
in China. He discussed the huge losses
to Japanese business interests of Chinese
counterfeiting, and agreed with Dube that
it was critical for the world to control the
misuse of the intellectual property of others
by business in China.
Professor Wang Bing of Tsinghua built
on Professor Boyle’s analysis, to conclude
that fi nding the right balance both between
an inventor’s owner and the public, and
between developed and developing countries,
required China to do more to tighten
up and enforce intellectual property protections.
He noted that, even from China’s
standpoint, the legal regime needed to
stimulate the people in China to be creative
innovators, not just copiers.
THE PANELS CULMINATED in a lunchtime
talk by Professor Gao Xiqing, ’86, vice
chairman of the National Council for Social
Security Fund. Professor Gao outlined the
challenges of establishing a social security
fund in China, identifying various demographic
factors associated with China’s
aging population, and featuring data on the
tremendous disparities in China of standard
of living and life expectancy that, in some
respects, create parallel challenges in the
U.S. One advantage in China, he noted, is
that the state still owns potentially productive
enterprises which, if sold, would produce
the funds necessary to make solvent
the Social Security Fund in China (and be
more productive, in private hands). The sale
of licenses for third generation mobile telephone
technology might also produce funds
that could be used to support the Social
Security Fund, although there are other
claims on these funds as well.
The conference and lunch talk were
sponsored by Duke’s Global Capital Markets
Center, The Center for the Study of the
Public Domain, Tsinhgua University Law
Faculty, Duke Law School, and Richemont.
It was attended by faculty and students
of Tsinghua, and several members of the
Board of Visitors of Duke Law School.
“I was very impressed by the willingness
of the conference’s Chinese participants to
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
ANDREA BAKER ’90
Consul, U.S. Consulate General,
Shanghai
Baker first went to Shanghai in 1985,
as an undergraduate enrolled in the
“Duke in China” program. She has
been posted to the U.S. Consulate in
Shanghai for the past two years.
WHEN I WENT TO CHINA as a Duke
undergraduate in 1985, I attracted a lot of
attention—many people had never seen a
Caucasian. The tallest building in Shanghai
at that time was probably seven stories high.
In the past 10 years, it has gone from a dirty,
crowded city with poor infrastructure, to an
incredibly modern one. About 4,000 American
companies currently operate in Shanghai. I
can get French, Thai, Mexican, or American
food delivered to my home, and there’s a
Starbucks on every corner. And I’m no longer
an oddity—at least 8,000 Americans live in
Shanghai full time.
Westerners doing business here should
be aware of fundamental differences
between western and Chinese approaches to
negotiations. Whereas Americans are used to
sitting down and getting straight to the point,
the Chinese employ a more patient style. Far
more listening is involved. In terms of business
etiquette, treat business cards with reverence.
Offer yours with two hands and a slight bow,
and accept another in the same way, giving it
speak frankly about their government and
economic system without fear of reprisal,”
said Board of Visitors member Candace
Carroll ’74. “While business conditions in
China are certainly not perfect, it appears
that the climate for business and investment
has greatly improved over the past few years,
and will likely continue to improve.”
Added Bob Montgomery ’64, “The experience
of interacting on a personal level with
many Chinese executives and scholars was
so extraordinary that in retrospect, it seems
almost unreal. Never in my wildest imagination
could I have expected to be in a situation
where I would be lectured by Chinese
(albeit, in good humor) that our U.S. government
should have more confi dence in
the free market system and discontinue its
paternalistic interference through tariffs and
restrictive regulations.” d
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 27
A L
U
M NI
R EFLE
C TIO
N S

28
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
DUKE
LAW
ON
TOUR
FROM JUNE 9 TO JUNE 19, 2005,
members of the Law School’s
Board of Visitors, and a number
of faculty, alumni, friends, and
their families, toured the People’s
Republic of China. Thanks to
the terrific planning of Jennifer
Maher ’83, assistant dean for
international studies, the group
enjoyed tours of historic and
cultural sites in Beijing, Xian, and
Shanghai, many of which—such
as a close-up tour of the Terra
Cotta Warriors of Xian—are not
generally available to travelers.
With incredible sites, exquisitelypresented
food, and warm and
spirited friends, the trip was truly
a memorable experience for all.
TEXT BY ELIZABETH SCHROEDER
PHOTOS BY SUSAN BOLCH, CARL
BOLCH JEAN ADAMS ’79, TOM
ADAMS, SARAH ADAMS ’73,
AL ADAMS ’74, CHRISTOPHER
SCHROEDER, BRENT CLINKSCALE
’86, LEN SIMON ’73, CANDACE
CARROLL ’74, AND FRANK MAU
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
’67,
DAY 1 June 10
THE FORBIDDEN CITY
The Emperor was not allowed to leave
the City because of the perceived danger
outside of its walls. The “imperial
yellow” roof color—representing the
earth—was forbidden for use by
commoners, and the accompanying
fi re-red walls and bright orange accents
spread across the landscape.
BOB MONTGOMERY ’64, ANNA HO,
AND BRENT CLINKSCALE ’86
JEAN ADAMS ’79
SUSAN BOLCH AND
CARL BOLCH ’67

DAY 4 June 13
THE GREAT
Everyone found the great
wonder to be more than they
ever could have imagined,
even those who had already
been to the Great Wall at a
different point. Many hiked
all the way to the end of the
allowed section of the wall.
The day was gorgeous and
clear, the skies no longer
covered with the heavy smog
of the city of Beijing.
BOB BREISBLATT ’72, MARJORIE BREISBLATT, JIM FRENZEL ’70, SUSAN FRENZEL,
CANDACE CARROLL ’74
ELIZABETH SCHROEDER,
CHRISTOPHER SCHROEDER,
AND KATHARINE BARTLETT
SARAH ADAMS ’73 AND AL ADAMS
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
"Neither Al [Adams] nor I really knew
what to expect in China. While we
knew that it is fast becoming a major
power, if not soon THE major power,
we still thought of it as “Red China,”
which of course it still is, politically.
However, the extent to which
capitalism and westernization has
occurred amazed us, as did the sites
we toured—the Great Wall, Terra
Cotta Soldiers, and the Forbidden
City, among so many others. After
returning home though, perhaps the
enormous size of the country and its
incomprehensibly large population,
with its corresponding needs for food,
fuel and other resources, and
obvious thirst for the fruits
of capitalism, is the thought
which remains most indelibly
in my mind.
"We were tremendously
impressed by the friendliness
and openness of the Chinese
we encountered, but most
especially by our Asian alumni
and their devotion to and
affection for Duke Law School."
—Sarah Adams ’73
DAY 6 June 15
THE TERRA COTTA
WARRIORS, XIAN
The warriors were an entire
army of clay soldiers, buried
underground along with the
important people they were
charged to protect in the afterlife.
The members of the cavalry
were life size, each modeled
after an individual soldier in
the community, and made of
local clay. The chariots were
half-size, but made of bronze.
Real weapons were found at
the soldiers’ feet. In all there
were over 600 tombs, including
Emperor Qing’s mausoleum,
which has not been unearthed,
out of respect for him.
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 29

30
DUKE LAW IN CHINA
DAY 9 June 18
SHANGHAI
Board of Visitors Chairman Peter
Kahn ’76 opened a farewell dinner
at the American Club with his
“chairman of the party” speech,
donning the hat—part of a full
“Chairman Mao” ensemble—he
had been given as a birthday present,
courtesy of Buck Ferguson ’70. He
proclaimed the end of “a long march
together,” one that enhanced the
relationship between Duke Law
and its alumni and counterparts in
China, re-kindling old friendships,
and forming new ones. Susan Weaver
’88 took the podium to talk about
differences in China between now
and when she studied there as a Duke
Law exchange student. She recalled
getting a coupon for a bike, a valued
possession, as bicycles were rationed
then in China. She also noted that
given the current road situations, she
would think twice about getting on a
bicycle in the city.
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
BRENT CLINKSCALE, PETER KAHN ’76,
JEAN ADAMS, AND DARA DeHAVEN ’80
LEN SIMON ’73, JENNIFER MAHER ’83,
AND JONATHAN OCKO
SONJA STEPTOE ’85, SUSAN WEAVER ’88,
AND ERIC ISAACSON ’85
BACK ROW: ANNA HO, CAITLIN HO
WHALEN, PAUL INGUI, ELIZABETH
SCHROEDER.
FRONT ROW: STERLING INGUI, KEVIN HO
WHALEN, ROBERT WHALEN, DARA

DUKE LAW IN
ESTABLISHING A FOOTPRINT IN THE NEXT
IN JANUARY 2005, at the Fulbright
Economics Teaching Program in Ho
Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Brainerd Currie
Professor of Law James D. Cox, Eli Paul
Mazur ’02, and other Duke Law alumni
took a major step towards securing what
could be a signifi cant new educational initiative
for Duke Law School in Asia’s next
economic tiger.
Recent economic reforms have transformed
Vietnam, the world’s 13th most
populous nation, into Asia’s second fastest
growing economy, explained Mazur,
but as one of the largest economies in the
world that has yet to join the World Trade
Organization, it is in the process of altering
the foundations of its legal framework.
Mazur was hired in February 2004 by the
Fulbright Economics Teaching Program to
design a course in law and economics for
Vietnam’s public policy makers.
“The legal education initiative is essential
because an unpredictable legal framework
is Vietnam’s major barrier to long-term
investment and growth,” Mazur said.
“When investors realize that 80 percent of
a bankrupt firm’s assets will disappear, or
that 30 percent of the value of every contract
dispute will be lost in unoffi cial fees, they
are unwilling to take otherwise socially benefi
cial risks. In Vietnam, everyone knows
“ IF VIETNAM IS GOING TO REALIZE ITS ECONOMIC DUKE LAW IN CHINA
POTENTIAL, FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC INVESTORS
MUST HAVE CONFIDENCE THAT LEGAL POLICY IS
TRANSPARENT, CONSISTENT, AND PREDICTABLE.” ELI
there is a problem. The challenge is how to
design, build, and implement legal institutions
with the social currency—the ability to
resolve these problems.”
In January, Professor Cox taught a weeklong
module exploring the theory of the firm,
securities regulation, and competition policy
to a class composed of Vietnam’s leading policy-makers,
including members of Vietnam’s
Supreme Court, National Assembly, State
Bank, Tax Department, Department of
Justice, and every major law faculty.
Cox also helped Mazur develop a course
with fi ve essential elements. First, policy-makers
constructed a basic economic model for
legal analysis. Second, an international team
of mediation experts from Singapore guided
them as they deployed their new economic
models in exercises implicating imperfect
legal rules and corruption. Third, Cox expanded
the economic analysis to corporate organization
and regulation. Fourth, Mazur led the
participants in analyzing a major case study,
based on original research in Vietnam, exploring
the range of formal and informal barriers
to private sector expansion. Finally, the policymakers
were given the rare opportunity to
question a panel of Vietnam’s primary legal
drafters in an open forum.
“The response to the course was incredible,”
said Mazur. “On the fi nal day, many
AMONG THE DUKE FACULTY
AND ALUMNI PARTICIPATING
IN THE FULBRIGHT SCHOOL'S
INAUGURAL CLASS IN LAW AND
ECONOMICS WERE (SECOND
ROW, MIDDLE, L–R): DAVID
HARRISON ’99, PROFESSOR
JAMES COX, ELI P. MAZUR ’02,
AND PHAM XUAN HOANG AN ’02.
participants approached me to say they
were shocked that a course of this caliber,
on an issue so potentially sensitive, could
exist in Vietnam. Although these comments
made the long hours worthwhile, they also
provided a sense of urgency, a need to build
on this momentum.”
In the next three years, Mazur will work
to turn the legal initiative into a one year
LLM program in Law and Economics, possibly
to be offered by The National University
of Singapore Faculty of Law.
“If Vietnam is going to realize its economic
potential, foreign and domestic
investors must have confi dence that legal
policy is transparent, consistent, and predictable.
Before this transparency becomes
a reality, however, policy makers need to
deeply understand the elements and benefi
ts of this formula.”
Other Duke Law alumni who took
part in the program were: Pham Xuan
Hoang An ’02 and Nguyen Trang Thu
’01, both offi cials with Vietnam’s Ministry
of Foreign Affairs; David Harrison ’00,
currently a political offi cer at the U.S.
Consulate in Ho Chi Minh City; Dang
Xuan Hop ’99, a visiting fellow at the
National University of Singapore Faculty
of Law; and Lam Quynh Anh ’01, a lawyer
for Freshfi elds offi ce in Hanoi. d
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 31

A DISTINCTIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING
32
PROFESSOR THOMAS METZLOFF’S DOCUMENTARIES TAKE
STUDENTS DEEP INTO SUPREME COURT CASES by FRANCES PRESMA
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005

Photos by TODD SHOEMAKER and THOMAS METZLOFF
“ WE LIGHT IT
NOT TO DESECRATE IT;
we light it to signify to
everyone that Christ is alive,
and Christ is well, even if it’s
just in our hearts and not in
yours. We do not burn the
cross. We light the cross.
“ Once the cross is completely
lit, I’d say ‘Klansmen, salute.’
And that’s when they’d open
their arms out in the sign of
the cross. You’d hear music in
the background playing
‘Amazing Grace.’ And you’d
hear somebody say,
‘BEHOLD THE FIERY CROSS,
STILL ILLUMINATING THE
SKY BRILLIANTLY.’”
BARRY BLACK, neatly dressed in a gray
suit jacket, crisp white dress shirt, and
tie, sounds positively reverent as he describes
the pageantry and symbolism involved in
wrapping a 30-foot cross in rags, soaking
it with kerosene, and setting it on fire. An
imperial wizard of the Invisible Empire of
the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan, Black presided
over such a ceremony in Carroll County,
Virginia, one August night in 1998.
Black’s explanation of the ritual—and his
clear passion for it—has 65 Duke Law alumni
and their guests riveted in silence in a darkened
classroom, apparently oblivious to the sunshine
outside on a brilliant April morning. They pay
rapt attention as two Carroll County law enforcement
offi cers describe their reaction to seeing
the cross set alight, and their rationale for arresting
Black under a 40-year-old state law that prohibited
cross burning. In the course of a 20-minute
documentary, Black articulates his reasons
for challenging his arrest, as opposed to just paying
a fi ne—“I’d be letting my race down. I have
to make people know that the Constitution of
the United States of America still means something.”
His attorneys, including Rod Smolla
’78, share their reasons for taking his case and
outline their legal strategy, as do the attorneys
who represented the Commonwealth of Virginia
in the case that came to be known in the United
States Supreme Court as Virginia v. Black.
BARRY BLACK, IMPERIAL WIZARD OF THE KU
KLUX KLAN. OPPOSITE PAGE: SCENE OF THE
CROSS-BURNING FROM THE VIRGINIA V. BLACK
DOCUMENTARY.
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 33

A DISTINCTIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING
The documentary ends with a review of
the Supreme Court arguments, but without
any summation of the Court’s April
2003 ruling. Instead, Professor Stuart
Benjamin opens a lively discussion, asking
for reaction and then sharing the Court’s
decision—eight justices found the statute,
which presumed an intent to intimidate
others in the very act of cross burning,
to be unconstitutional as a regulation of
speech. One member of the audience questioned
the decision, based on facts that had
come out in the documentary—a speaker
at the Klan rally had advocated shooting
minorities right before the cross was lit,
why didn’t the justices find the statute constitutional
in that context? Another posed
hypothetical questions about how other
forms of speech, such as calls for jihad, or
holy war, might be controlled.
Premiered during Duke Law School’s
2005 reunion weekend, Virginia v. Black
is one of seven recent
Supreme Court cases
given unique treatment
in the ongoing
“Distinctive Aspects
of American Law”
documentary series
produced by Professor
Thomas Metzloff.
Innovative teaching tools, the documentaries
enhance the traditional case method
by allowing law students and other viewers—even
attorneys steeped in practice—to
explore precedent-setting cases with a
depth and rigor unavailable by a simple
reading of the decision.
“Most people learn better when they
have multiple sources of information,” says
Sarah Wood ‘03, a producer on the series.
“You read the case, and you get something
out of that. You see the case, and you get
something out of that. Because of the way
that people learn, you get something visually
that you don’t get from reading.”
“Video is a powerful medium,” adds
Metzloff, who is known for his creative and
engaging approaches to his civil procedure
and ethics classes. “Law school is based
on the case method—the facts matter. But
sometimes there are small details that
really make a difference. Video lets you
pull those details out.”
Having secured funding from The
Atlantic Philanthropies, Metzloff spent the
34
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
summer of 2003 conducting interviews
for his fi rst documentary about the case
of BMW v. Gore. The leading precedent on
punitive damages and how judges should
control them, the case arose from an
Alabama doctor’s dissatisfaction with the
paint job on his new BMW sedan. In addition
to interviewing Dr. Gore, his lawyers,
and the attorney for BMW, Metzloff gathered
footage and a detailed explanation of
BMW’s different painting processes—total
immersion in a paint bath, contrasted with
touch-ups by hand.
“By learning exactly what was wrong
with the car, I came to understand BMW’s
policy in a better context. I came to understand
the legal arguments and how they
fi t together, and what was actually at stake
in the case. I fi gured that if I’m learning
something having taught the case 20 times,
there’s something to it.”
When he taught BMW v. Gore in his civil
“ IT BRINGS THINGS ALIVE IN A WAY THAT IS HARD
TO DO FROM JUST HAVING READ THE CASE. IT
MAKES IT REAL—SUDDENLY IT INVOLVES REAL
PEOPLE, AND REAL EVENTS, AND NOT JUST
ABSTRACTIONS.” — DONALD GARDNER ’65
procedure class last fall, Metzloff made
the documentary available to half the class,
and then gave his students a pop quiz that
included both factual and legal questions.
He describes the educational impact of the
documentary as surprisingly profound.
“The students who had seen the video
scored signifi cantly higher on the factual
questions. You can’t see the car being
repainted and not understand what’s
wrong. If you just read it, you might miss
that. But the students who saw the video
scored signifi cantly higher—10 to 20
percent higher—on every single question,
including those about the legal signifi -
cance of the case. That shows they got
interested, they read it, and they understood
it better in all respects.”
On the more subjective questions,
Metzloff continues, the students showed a
greater willingness to question the Court’s
decision. “There is a tendency, among
all students, to read an opinion, and
say, ‘that’s right.’ The courts are writing
in ways that are meant to be persuasive.
What this questionnaire showed us is that
people were much more willing to say
‘Hey, the Court didn’t address this,’ or, “on
this part, I have a different view.’ It gave
them an independent basis to assess the
Court’s logic and rationale, which is one
of our goals. We’re trying to create analytical,
legal thinkers.”
Exposing Legal Strategy
Duke Law School also aims to produce top
legal strategists, and the documentaries
expose students to the ways different cases
come before the nation’s highest court.
While many cases in the series involve
matters of constitutional law, they also
showcase other areas—civil and criminal
procedure, property rights, and intellectual
property, to name a few. (For a complete
list of cases, see box, page 36.)
“We see how lawyers pick plaintiffs, we
see how they put cases together, and we
see how legal issues
emerge from real
cases. That’s a very
valuable component
for training lawyers,”
says Metzloff.
“Watching how
lawyers work from
the very beginnings
of a case all the way to the Supreme
Court—you see how the case changes and
the arguments change,” observes Wood,
who previously approached many of the
cases as a student and then as an instructor
in Metzloff’s introductory course for international
LLM students.
A number of cases in the series feature the
participation of legal interest groups, offering
insight into how policy is made or changed
through litigation, says Wood. These include
Grutter v. Bollinger, the challenge to affi rmative
action policies in the University of Michigan
Law School’s admissions process, an effort
spearheaded by the Center for Individual
Rights, and Board of Education v. Earls, involving
an unsuccessful ACLU effort to stop drug
testing in high schools.
“These organizations might have an
issue that they are interested in, so they go
looking for plaintiffs. They collect a bunch
of letters and pick the right plaintiff in the
right circuit—it’s very strategic,” she notes.
Other cases such as Black’s, may involve
a legal interest group—there, the ACLU—

INSIDE
VIRGINIA v. BLACK
The documentary allows major players
in the case to speak candidly about
what is at stake, and provides in-depth
analysis and context.
but begin as most litigation does, with an
individual seeking representation.
Casey Dwyer ’06, who worked on the
documentary project after her fi rst year
of law school, recalls participating in the
interview with David Baugh, the African
American lawyer who volunteered to represent
Black, enlightening.
“I was incredibly struck by his passion
for the First Amendment, and how
much he cared about protecting rights.
He was willing to represent a guy who
was basically arrested for his racism—he
believes so strongly in the Constitution
that he can put aside any personal feelings
to represent him. It amazes me
to see that the law is so much bigger
than anyone’s personal beliefs—just
BARRY BLACK:
Klansman
“I don’t want to sound like I’m a
bigot. I do want to sound like I’m
a racist, because I am a racist. I
believe that my pigmentation is
my suit of armor. That’s my skin.
That’s my people.”
ROD SMOLLA ’78:
Protecting speech
“Do you want governments
browsing the universe of symbols
and starting to pick out those
symbols that most scare it? And
if you can ban a symbol it is but
a short step to banning a word,
or a set of words, or a particular
message. And I think that a large
part of the strength of our free
speech tradition is that we’ve said
that we don’t want to do that.”
how important it is to defend the
Constitution, no matter what. From an
ethics standpoint, it really teaches you
about how you have to represent clients,
and what should be the main goal.”
That’s exactly the reaction Metzloff wants.
“I believe law school is about lawyering, and
having always taught ethics, I’m focused
on how lawyers and clients interact. I think
that comes through on the videos.”
Personalizing the Precedents
Giving face and voice to the people behind
the precedents powerfully increases the
documentaries’ effi cacy as teaching tools,
Dwyer says. “You see there are two sides to
every story. You care more about the case
when you know the people. And you learn
DAVID BAUGH:
Black’s attorney
“A lot of people said, ‘Well, how
could you defend a Klansman?’ It’s
a no-brainer. I understand that the
Constitution is a set of principles
and if you’re going to protect my
right to say what I want to say, I
have to defend that guy.”
WILLIAM HURD: Defending
Virginia’s cross-burning ban
“The burning cross doesn’t simply say
that I hate you because you’re black.
It says instead something far more
dangerous. It says that if you are
black, of if you are Mexican, or if you
are Jewish, and you try to live your
life as a free American, that we are
not going to let you. That if you don’t
succumb to what we want you to do,
there’s going to be violence. That is
the message of a burning cross.”
the law more because you want to know
what happens to them.”
Metzloff agrees, adding that it is important
for students to appreciate the impact of
being involved in a Supreme Court case.
“The parties get put into the national
limelight, and not everyone wants to do
that—Dr. Gore did not want to give any
interviews, and feels that to some extent
he was pilloried in the press as just being
out to make a lot of money. His view going
in was that his car was defective, and he
wasn’t told about it. When you hear his
story, you can really ask the question,
‘How would you feel if you had bought this
car, and this had happened to you? What
would you do about it?’
“I don’t know if [the litigants] are all
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 35

A DISTINCTIVE APPROACH TO TEACHING
THOMAS METZLOFF, TODD SHOEMAKER, SARAH WOOD ’03 FROM THE GORE V. BMW FILM: THE CAR IN QUESTION
transformed, but they are all affected by
it. It’s a life experience, and it’s something
that’s special. For some, it’s kind of a curiosity,
for some it’s a burden, and for some
it’s transformative.”
Marla Zimmerman ’06, who spent a
summer working on the project, says that
she’ll never forget the way their involvement
in the cases affected the participants
she met, such as Lindsay Earls, the young
Oklahoma woman at the center of the high
school drug testing case.
“It was clear that the case took up a lot
of time and energy. [They] start believing
in the cause, and losing can be crushing.
When you are reading a case, it’s really
easy to forget that it involves real people
experiencing real things that could happen
to anybody. Now I read the facts of a case,
I wonder why they brought the suit—what
made them so upset to do it? A lot of the
time the facts that are in the opinion don’t
tell you the whole story.”
Metzloff calls it a privilege to have traveled
the country meeting with the principal
players in recent major cases.
“I do think they are sort of special—they
have a courage, or a stubbornness that is
something that I don’t have. I can’t think
of a single case where I’ve said, ‘I’m going
to get a lawyer, I’m going to fi ght.’ Each of
these people has a sense of what’s right—
whether you agree with it or not—that they
hold with a passion and a commitment
that is so strong. That’s really impressive.
Because each of them has paid in their own
way for heading up the cause they’ve led.”
Metzloff says that he and his crew—
Wood, videographer Todd Shoemaker, and
a number of student researchers—take
seriously their responsibility to be fair to
the litigants and all attorneys, giving equal
voice to each side of every case. Most cru-
36
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
cial is staying true to the facts.
“We are constantly editing with the
record in mind. We’ve read the opinion,
we know what the Supreme Court focused
on, and know where the story has to end
up. The Court considers and discusses the
arguments that the lawyers have made, so
we read the briefs, we read the lower court
opinions, and we keep in mind what the
case is legally about.”
Virginia v. Black won high praise from the
alumni who attended its reunion premiere.
“I thought it was fascinating. It brings
things alive in a way that is hard to do from
just having read the case,” said Donald
Gardner ’65. “It makes it real—suddenly it
involves real people, and real events, and
not just abstractions.”
“Fantastic,” was the assessment of Eric
Isaacson ’85. “It’s so easy to come to a case
with your perceptions and attitudes—this
helps get you to see it fully.”
Metzloff—and everyone involved with
the project—is excited about the versatility
of the documentaries, which so far
have won a number of awards; apart from
their obvious relevance for law students
in a wide range of classes, they are easily
accessible to undergraduates, practitioners
through continuing education programs,
even high school students.
“Every high school kid in the country
learns about the Supreme Court, and this
is a wonderful way for teachers to engage
students about important topics. We try very
hard not to make them technical, because
the legal issues in these cases don’t have
to be overwhelming. Law is about how the
Constitution should apply to real world problems.
These documentaries should be available
to anybody who wants to think seriously
about issues such as the First Amendment
or the separation of church and state.” d
Case Documentaries
AVAILABLE FALL 2005:
BMW of North America v. Gore, 517 U.S. 559 (1996)
Issue: Constitutional limits on punitive damages.
Board of Education v. Earls, 536 U.S. 822 (2002)
Issue: Whether drug testing of students in
extracurricular activities violates the Fourth
Amendment.
Lucas v. South Carolina Coastal Council,
505 U.S. 1003 (1992)
Issue: Whether environmental regulation of beachfront
property violates the Takings Clause.
Republican Party of Minnesota v. White,
536 U.S. 765 (2002)
Issue: First Amendment rights of judicial candidates to
express opinions on disputed legal or political issues.
Virginia v. Black, 538 U.S. 343 (2003)
Issue: Whether Virginia’s cross-burning statute violates
the First Amendment.
Locke v. Davey, 540 U.S. 712 (2004)
Issue: Whether denial of a state scholarship to a
theology student violates the First Amendment.
Marsh v. Chambers, 463 U.S. 783 (1983)
Issue: Constitutionality of opening Nebraska legislature
sessions with a prayer.
AVAILABLE SPRING 2006:
Van Orden v. Perry, 125 S. Ct. 2854 (2005)
Issue: Constitutionality of Ten Commandments display
on the Texas Capitol grounds.
Moseley v. V Secret, 537 U.S. 418 (2003)
Issue: Interpretation of Federal Trademark Dilution Act.
Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 982 (2003)
Issue: Constitutionality of University of Michigan’s
affirmative action policy.
Boy Scouts v. Dale, 530 U.S. 640 (2000)
Issue: Constitutionality of Boy Scouts’ policy excluding
homosexuals.
Stenberg v. Carhart, 530 U.S. 914 (2000)
Issue: Constitutionality of Nebraska’s partial-birth
abortion ban.
Green Tree Fin. v. Randolph, 531 U.S. 79 (2000)
Issue: Constitutionality of a mandatory arbitration
clause in a consumer contract.
Granholm v. Heald, 125 S. Ct. 1885 (2005)
Issue: Constitutionality of state bans on importation of
out-of-state wine.
For more information, or to order
videos as they become available:
Professor Thomas B. Metzloff
Duke University School of Law
Box 90360 Durham, North Carolina 27708-0360
919-613-7055 metzloff@law.duke.edu
(cost: $35 per individual case)

THE INNOCENCE PROJECT
STUDENTS INVESTIGATE PLAUSIBLE CLAIMS OF WRONGFUL CONVICTION By Gergely Kanyicska ’05
O
ON THE NIGHT of December 9, 1995, 33-year-old Jill
Marker was found brutally beaten behind the artifi cial
Christmas trees at her workplace in the Silk Plant Forest,
a store in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, specializing in decorative
knick-knacks and imitation plants. The assault was vicious; had
Marker not been discovered by a registered nurse, she likely would
have died at the store. She suffered permanent brain damage in
the attack, and cannot live independently or care for her young son.
Visually impaired since the attack, Marker had by 1999 completely
lost her sight as the result of her injuries.
Almost two years after it occurred, Kalvin Michael Smith was
convicted of assault with intent to kill in the attack on Marker,
who identifi ed him at trial as her assailant. Now serving a 28-year
sentence at the Alexander Correctional Institution in Taylorsville,
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 37
Photo: Chris Hildreth

38
THE INNOCENCE THE INNOCENCE PROJECT
PROJECT
NC, Smith has steadfastly proclaimed his
innocence. After a two-year investigation,
Duke Law student volunteers handling his
case for the Innocence Project believe he
is telling the truth.
“Almost all the factors that contribute
to wrongful convictions were present in
Smith’s case,” says Emily Coward ’06, currently
the lead investigative manager. “That
includes misinformation convincing police
that Smith was guilty, the questionable
testimony of informants, a dogged focus by
the investigation on one theory of the case
to the exclusion of other likely scenarios,
intense and coercive interrogation resulting
in a dubious confession that he later recanted,
unreliable eye-witness identifi cation at
trial, and the lack of an adequate case put
forth by the defense.”
The Innocence Project gives students the
opportunity to pursue claims by incarcerated
felons who have plausible claims of actual
innocence. It is a student organization
under the auspices of the North Carolina
Center on Actual Innocence, which oversees
Duke’s Innocence Project, as well as
those at the law schools of the University
of North Carolina, North Carolina Central
University, and Campbell University, and
UNC-Chapel Hill’s School of Journalism
and Mass Communication.
Professor James Coleman and Associate
Dean Theresa Newman ’88 are Duke’s
faculty advisers to the Innocence Project.
They also teach a class on how wrongful
convictions occur, and how they can be
investigated and challenged. Both are leaders
in law reform efforts surrounding the
issue, and serve on the North Carolina
Actual Innocence Commission established
by North Carolina Supreme Court Chief
Justice I. Beverly Lake.
“The Innocence Project was founded
with the belief that no matter what people’s
views on crime may be, no one wants
to see the innocent imprisoned,” says
Newman, who is also president of the
Center on Actual Innocence. “Additionally,
the Innocence Project provides students
with a unique opportunity to do something
they might not otherwise do, but the skills
learned—fact investigation, analytical thinking,
organization of materials—are transferable
to every area of legal practice.”
“It has been the highlight of my law
school career,” says David Bernstein ‘06,
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
one of the students who has worked on
Smith’s case. “Investigating a case with the
Innocence Project tends to utilize skills seldom
used in law school, working a real case
and interacting with people impacted by
the law. It is much less ‘ivory tower,’ much
more action than the typical day-to-day of
highlighters and books.
“We are trying to collect as much information
as we can about what really happened,”
says Bernstein of the Smith investigation.
“Although it appears clear that he is
innocent, we are trying to fi gure out how to
best persuade a court to take a second look
at his conviction.”
“We are still in the investigative stage and
we hope to fi le a Motion for Appropriate
Relief before long,” adds Coward.
Building a case
Kalvin Smith was not a suspect early in
the police investigation, according to the
Innocence Project investigation. Another
man, Shane Fletcher, had made a detailed
telephone confession from a mental institution
in Butner, NC in April 1996, but medical
records later cleared him by showing
that he was confi ned to psychiatric care at
Forsyth Medical Center during the attack.
A reporter investigating the case for a
series in The Winston-Salem Journal, Phoebe
Zerwick, learned that an acquaintance of
Marker’s, Kenneth Lamoureux, was admitted
to the same ward as Fletcher just a few
days after the Silk Plant Forest attack, and
before Fletcher made his confession. Two
witnesses reported seeing Lamoureux talking
with Marker an hour before the attack.
Coward and other students working on
“THE INNOCENCE
PROJECT WAS
FOUNDED WITH
THE BELIEF THAT
NO MATTER WHAT
PEOPLE’S VIEWS
ON CRIME MAY BE,
NO ONE WANTS TO
SEE THE INNOCENT
IMPRISONED.”
—ASSOCIATE DEAN
THERESA NEWMAN ’88
NEWMAN AND PROFESSOR JIM COLEMAN
ARE FACULTY ADVISORS FOR THE PROJECT
Smith’s case share Zerwick’s belief that
Fletcher could have learned about the attack
from Lamoureux, which would explain his
knowledge of the details.
Police dropped Lamoureux as a suspect
when Marker, semi-conscious after 10
months in a coma, identifi ed her assailant
only as a black man.
According to the students’ investigation,
the police focus first turned on Smith in June
1996 when he was named in an anonymous
tip to Crime Stoppers. The tipster turned
out to be a jilted girlfriend bent on revenge.
Although Smith was cleared by a polygraph
test, he was named by another girlfriend
seven months later; she later claimed she had
simply wanted to punish him for his philandering,
and had based her tip on the details
he gave her about the earlier one.
Smith admitted to being under the
infl uence of beer and marijuana when
he met with the lead investigator, Don
Williams, “to straighten things out” after
he was called in for an interview regarding
the second tip. Although this interview
was not recorded, Coward notes that
the police report indicates that 24-year-old
Smith reacted emotionally to Williams’s
accusations and intense questioning,
eventually succumbing to the detective’s
assertion that confessing to involvement
would be in his best interest.
False confessions can be coerced even
from unimpaired suspects through ordinary
interrogation techniques, Newman points out.
“Well-trained interrogators limit suspects’
perceived options until the suspect sees no
alternative but to agree to one of the scenarios
presented just to end the questioning. At

times ‘proper’ interrogation can even cause
suspects to doubt their own memories.”
Smith recanted his confession before
trial, and it was not introduced, having
been totally inconsistent with the evidence
of the crime, Coward notes. But testimony
against him was gathered in a similarly
coercive fashion; for example, investigators
apparently offered one prosecution witness
the option between freedom for cooperation
and a lengthy prison sentence.
“The evidence was fl imsy and inconsistent,”
Coward says. “The testimony of the
prosecution’s witnesses did not so much fi t
the evidence as it fi t the prosecution’s theory
about what happened. There were more
likely suspects, but the defense did not
effectively point out the glaring problems
with the prosecution’s case.”
Although Marker identifi ed Smith as
her assailant at trial, she made the identifi
cation by pointing and nodding from
her wheelchair. “Defense lawyers did not
cross-examine her because she was unable
to speak, only gesture,” Coward continues.
“It was impossible for her to answer complex
questions, and defense counsel did not
want to appear to be attacking the victim.”
“Looking back, Marker’s identifi cation
was wholly unreliable,” Coleman says.
“But it was a show for the jury, and it was
very effective,” adds Newman.
Coward, along with Joe Davis ’07, fl ew
to Ohio last fall to interview Marker and
her family. “Her parents told us that she
continues to be sure that she accurately
identifi ed her assailant,” Coward says. “She
has trouble communicating these days, so
we were mostly just able to greet her—we
weren’t able to ask her any questions.”
Eyewitnesses fi nd it emotionally diffi cult
to entertain the possibility that they may
have made a mistake, observes Coward.
“For the Marker family, Kalvin’s conviction
gave them closure, and it’s very painful to
revisit the subject of the attack.”
The identifi cation alone may not have
secured the conviction. Post-trial interviews
indicated that some jurors based their decision
on the lack of a defense; convinced
that the prosecution had failed to make
a case against Smith, his lawyers did not
present a case in rebuttal.
“[The conviction] did not have to happen,”
Coward says. “Had Kalvin been better
educated about his rights, had the people
who testifi ed against him been
less easy to manipulate, or his
defense attorney more effective,
Kalvin never would have
been convicted.
“I am committed to working
on this case because I am
increasingly convinced that
Kalvin did not commit this
crime,” Coward goes on. “I am
as certain as anyone can be
that he is innocent. I’m very
hopeful that all the parties
involved will come to the same
conclusion, and that Kalvin
will ultimately be released.”
Coward credits Zerwick’s
2004 investigative series in The
Winston-Salem Journal as having
been enormously helpful in
raising the profi le of the case
and putting pressure on the
district attorney and Winston-
Salem police to cooperate.
“The district attorney signed a
voluntary consent order granting
us access to all their fi les
largely due to Zerwick’s articles. We have
been in regular contact with the DA’s offi ce
and the police since, and that access has been
extremely useful in getting a sense of what
went wrong.”
In spite of a community-wide outcry over
the mishandling of the case, public opinion
alone is not enough to win Smith his
freedom, notes Coward. She hopes that the
publicity surrounding the 2003 exoneration
of Darryl Hunt, who served 18 years in
prison for a Forsyth County rape that he did
not commit, will help gain some legal traction
for Smith’s claim of innocence.
“Many of the people I’ve interviewed for
the case have said that Darryl Hunt has
made them more aware that sometimes even
innocent people are convicted of crimes.”
Refl ecting on what she has learned from
her Innocence Project work, Coward says it
has made her cognizant of the fallibility of
the system.
“Even with the burden of proof and the
unanimity requirement, juries aren’t always
going to ‘get it right.’ And if something
goes wrong, and an innocent person is
convicted, it’s extremely diffi cult to undo
that conviction, especially if, as in this case,
there is no DNA evidence.”
THE INNOCENCE PROJECT
EMILY COWARD ’06 IS THE INNOCENCE PROJECT’S
LEAD INVESTIGATIVE MANAGER ON THE SMITH CASE
The student volunteers have made progress,
though. The State Bureau of Investigation is
currently investigating possible police misconduct
in withholding evidence in the Smith case;
the outcome of that investigation might give
Smith grounds for an appeal. And based on recommendations
from the North Carolina Actual
Innocence Commission, the Winston-Salem
police have begun videotaping all interrogations
in felony investigations.
Newman and Coleman hope the
Innocence Project will eventually be able
to employ a full-time investigator and postgraduate
fellows to work case fi les. They
also would like to recruit practitioners to
assist students with the legal work involved
in innocence cases, in order to maximize
the learning experience and make progress
in more cases.
“With more help from experienced practitioners,
students will learn—at least in
some cases—that justice can be done, even
if it takes a very long time,” says Coleman.
According to Coward, her Innocence
Project work has already been rewarding.
“It has made me aware that there are
problems in our criminal justice system.
There is room for reform. The system can
be much better.” d
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 39

{Faculty Focus
Neil Vidmar: Searching for truth in tort reform
Having studied medical malpractice
cases and settlements around the
country for 15 years, professor Neil Vidmar
says he can’t emphasize one point too
strongly. “I’m very sympathetic to doctors
—they are caught in a financial squeeze. In
the last few years, their insurance rates have
shot up enormously, while Medicare and
Medicaid rates have gone down. So they’re
being squeezed at two ends—in terms of
their income and in terms of their liability
insurance.”
But through a series of empirical studies
Vidmar, Russell M. Robinson, II professor
of law and professor of social sciences, has
found that the conventional wisdom blaming
the squeeze on sky-high jury awards and
greedy trial lawyers is simply wrong.
Exposing the myths
In recent months, Vidmar has released two
studies. One involved closed malpractice
claims in Florida, co-authored by Dr. Paul
Lee of Duke University Medical Center and
law students Kara MacKillop ’06 and Keiran
McCarthy ’06. The other examined medical
malpractice jury awards in Illinois.
“Out of the million dollar cases we’ve
looked at, very few are settled by juries, and
more often than not, juries side with the
doctor,” says Vidmar. He found no evidence
that juries are befuddled by expert testimony
or target doctors’ “deep pockets.” In the cases
where jury awards have been high, he notes,
the award is usually settled after judgment,
usually for the upper limit of the physician’s
insurance policy. He cites one example in his
data set from Illinois, in which a $30 million
award against two physicians settled for
a payout of $2 million, the amount of their
malpractice coverage.
“Of course only the $30 million ver-
40
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
dict was reported in the newspapers, and
that’s what’s reported in the statistics.”
Plaintiffs’ lawyers often contribute to the
myth, adds Vidmar, by publicizing their
jury successes—not the amounts their clients
actually recover.
Further discounting the impact of jury
awards on malpractice premiums is the
prevalence of “high-low agreements;” before
trial, or even during trial, the parties agree to
WHITE COATS AND WHITE KNIGHTS:
THE TUSSLE OVER TORT REFORM
Tort reform was also the topic of a
unique interdisciplinary collaboration on
April 19th, when Don Beskind ’77 director
of the Law School’s Trial Practice
Program debated Dr. Rich Bruch, an
orthopaedist and past-president of the
North Carolina Medical Society at Duke
University Medical Center on the topic.
The debate was sponsored by the Law
School, Duke School of Medicine, and
Duke Divinity School.
maximum and minimum payouts regardless
of the jury’s verdict.
“This is another invisible factor that we
never see or read about in the litigation
process,” says Vidmar, citing an Illinois case
where the plaintiff recovered $3 million
as the previously agreed minimum, even
though the jury sided with the defendant.
Vidmar has seen little in his research
to support the image of greedy, grasping
trial lawyers terrorizing doctors with
frivolous suits.
“[Medical malpractice] is a specialized
field, and a very difficult one. The costs of lit-
igation are so high, that filing frivolous cases
makes no economic sense. Insurers do not
settle frivolous cases because that practice
would invite more lawsuits. Plaintiff lawyers
working on a contingency basis don’t invest
in cases they are likely to lose.”
What the settlements show
Since the vast majority of malpractice claims
and suits are settled, more accurate reasons
underlying doctors’ escalating premiums
are buried in settlement records, Vidmar
says. He has found a gold mine of data in
Florida, where closed malpractice insurance
claims must be filed with the Department
of Health. In their study released in March,
Vidmar and his co-authors examined claims
filed between 1990 and 2003, including
cases in which the plaintiff got nothing and
ones in which lawsuits were never filed.
“After every claim, the liability insurer
gets a doctor or a team of doctors to assess
the negligence. It’s non-discoverable. They
make an assessment as to whether or not
there is negligence. In many cases, I think
the insurer looks at the claim and says,
‘Negligence here is unquestionable. Why
should we try to fight this case when it’s
going to cause a lot of publicity and will run
up costs—why spend the money when we’re
going to lose anyway?’
“And all the evidence we’ve got seems
very consistent with that—they make their
decisions independently based on liability,
but otherwise they fight tooth and nail.”
From the empirical data he has seen,
which includes detailed records of awards
and settlements relating to minor plaintiffs,
Vidmar derives another insight: Even if
incidents of medical malpractice have not
risen—and the numbers of claims filed have
remained remarkably stable—the costs asso-

NEIL VIDMAR
ciated with them have increased.
“Babies injured at birth might have
died at one time, but now we can keep
them alive. They might need intensive and
expensive care for many years. It is a moral,
societal obligation to provide that care, but it
does strain the medical system.”
Deflecting blame
Some of the difficulties in the liability
insurance industry are part of a natural
business cycle, although sometimes the
insurance industry has contributed to the
problem, by underpricing premiums and
investing poorly, Vidmar argues. He cites
an incident when a doctor-owned “bed-pan
mutual” in Mississippi invested a substantial
part of its reserves—the funds reserved
to settle claims—in the stock market, as
“ Out of the million dollar cases we’ve
looked at, very few are settled by
juries, and more often than not,
juries side with the doctor.”
Neil Vidmar, Russell M. Robinson, II
professor of law and professor of psychology
opposed to the bond market.
“When the stock market tanked,
[the mutual] blamed it on the tort
system. They told the doctors they’d
have to raise their rates. It’s a deflection
of blame, and it isn’t right.”
Vidmar goes so far as to
accuse the business lobby—the
U.S. and state chambers of commerce—of
placing all of the
blame for the insurance crisis on
the tort system. “They have manipulated
the doctors and misled them.”
Doctors, legislators, and the public have
also been misguided in thinking that statutory
caps on awards for pain and suffering will
relieve the financial squeeze facing doctors,
according to Vidmar. Insurers themselves
have admitted that caps will not reduce
insurance rates. Moreover, the relatively low
caps of about $250,000 proposed in most
tort reform packages would disproportionately
affect those plaintiffs who can’t claim large
economic losses—often women and minorities—but
whose emotional harm in losing
the ability to function normally is great.
“The Wisconsin Supreme Court just
overturned a cap on pain and suffering
on the equal protection ground that it
disadvantages the most seriously injured
Neil Vidmar: Recent scholarship relating to medical malpractice
Medical Malpractice Lawsuits: An Essay on Patient Interests, the Contingency Fee System,
Juries, and Social Policy, 38 Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review 1221 (2005)
Vidmar et al., Uncovering the “Invisible“ Profile of Medical Malpractice Litigation,
54 DePaul Law Review 315 (2005)
Vidmar, Medical Malpractice and the Tort System in Illinois, May 2005
Available at: http://www.isba.org
Vidmar, Medical Malpractice and the American Jury: Confronting the Myths about Jury
Incompetence, Deep Pockets, and Outrageous Damage Awards (University of Michigan, 1995)
Faculty Focus
person because patients with relatively
minor injuries receive full compensation
for their pain and suffering, while those
with far more serious injuries receive
proportionately far less.”
Reports of doctors fleeing certain areas
are also misleading, he says. Using directories
published by the American Medical
Association, Vidmar determined that the
numbers of doctors had actually increased
in certain Illinois counties—alleged “judicial
hellholes”—widely thought to be facing a
shortfall of crisis proportions
Next steps
Vidmar is continuing his research of settlement
and litigation records around the
country, in collaboration with Lee—“he
keeps me honest from a doctor’s perspective”—and
with the “wonderful help” of
assistants MacKillop and McCarthy.
He is now starting to explore the extent
to which subrogation liens to which insurers
are entitled might be having an effect
on the tort system.
“Federal law requires Medicare and
Medicaid to recover any expenses they
incur as the result of the negligence of a
third party. So if a doctor is negligent, and
Medicare has to pay for it, Medicare has an
obligation under the law to recover those
monies. And it does. As taxpayers, we are
sort of silent plantiffs.” While technically
these public insurers are entitled to recover
the totality of their expenses, they also settle
their liens with plaintiffs undertaking litigation—“still
another invisible process.”
As an empiricist, Vidmar says he has,
indeed, found a treasure trove in issues
relating to medical malpractice, all of which
have broader import.
“My ultimate goal is to develop a profile
of the litigation process. I hope to someday
write that book, using medical malpractice
as the example.” d
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 41

Faculty Focus
Book Review
Paul D. Carrington’s
Spreading America’s
Word: Stories of Its
Lawyer-Missionaries
(Twelve Tables Press, 2005)
42
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
Admired but unwelcome
American lawyers
Book Review by Kichimoto Asaka ’87
American lawyers, in the aggregate,
are admired because they are
widespread in American society and
play a variety of roles, not limited to the
traditional functions of lawyers. They are
admired because they are a role model
for foreign countries as the champions of
freedom and democracy. But American
lawyers are unwelcome on foreign soils
because they are considered to be arrogant,
self-confi dent, and self-aggrandizing.
Even when the lawyers proclaim the
causes of the rule of law or freedom and
democracy, American economic interests
are often intertwined with those causes.
Some recent news from the United States,
including fumbles in Iraq after the victory
in battlefi elds and the passive stance of
the current Bush administration
on the measures against global
warming by expressly citing
domestic business interests,
were nothing new to foreign
people. And they knew that even
the precious rule of law had
sometimes been conveniently set
aside by American lawyers.
How many Americans
remember that a United States Marine
jet flew unusually low and cut an Alpine
sky gondola cable in Italy, causing
the death of 20 passengers in 1998?
Or that a United States submarine
demonstrating a surfacing maneuver for
its civilian guests off Hawaii slammed
into a Japanese fishery school vessel,
causing the death of nine students
and teachers in 2001? The pilot was
court-martialed but acquitted, and the
skipper was reprimanded but not courtmartialed.
Yes, families of victims were
compensated, but is it a consolation that
the justice not done by the American
military “justice” system was much
better than the “justice” by the standard
of Saddam Hussein’s regime? Even if
many Americans forgot those incidents,
disillusioned foreign people would
remember and be convinced that the rule
CARRINGTON
of law in the United States cannot be
accepted at face value, or that it contains
a double standard.
Professor Paul Carrington’s new
book, Spreading America’s Word, is
full of examples of failed attempts
by American “lawyer-missionaries”
to share their democratic vision with
diverse people around the world. The
roots of this evangelism could be
seen in the “unalienable rights” in the
Declaration of Independence written by
Thomas Jefferson. Among those lawyermissionaries
were famous politicians
such as “War Hawk” Henry Clay, pacifi st
William Jennings Bryan, imperialist
Theodore Roosevelt, and prophet Woodrow
Wilson, notorious fi gures such as J. Edgar
Hoover and Joseph R. McCarthy,
and not-so-well-known fi gures
like William Walker, who tried to
build his empire by bringing thugs
into Nicaragua, but was eventually
executed. Their activities reached
around the world to Liberia, the
Middle East, the Pacifi c, and
Central America. However, what
those lawyer-missionaries were
propagating—collective self-government
and a multi-faceted concept of “individual
rights”—was not actually consistent,
because those who claim property rights
or other individual rights in foreign
countries have not infrequently subverted
self-government and its legal institutions.
In addition, lawyer-missionaries have
tended to have been blind to the reality of
the relationship between legal institutions
and the culture in the host societies, which
tends to be divided along racial, tribal,
ethnic, religious, and class lines.
These lawyer-missionaries were guilty of
several examples of unprincipled conduct.
International law was blatantly violated in
Panama in 1903. Such rebels as Emilio
Aguinaldo y Famy—George Washington for
Filipinos—and Nicaragua’s Augusto Calderon
Sandino were dismissed by American
lawyer-missionaries as traitors. The United

States expanded its territory by “liberating”
those countries from imperial powers or just
by keeping them from enemies. On the other
hand, American ideas and values, which
lawyer-missionaries tried to transplant in other
lands, were not so deeply rooted even in the
United States as most Americans would like
to suppose. In addition to the mishandling of
granting democracy and freedom to Native
Americans and African Americans, epidemics
of “moral infl uenza” or hysteria were repeated
in the hostility against German-Americans,
the Red Scare, the internment of Japanese-
Americans, and the McCarthy Committee.
Even the post-World War II success stories
in Germany and Japan cannot be easily
replicated in other situations, because those
countries were in exceptionally favorable
circumstances, Carrington claims. He has
never been a naive cheerleader of American
causes in his previous works including
Stewards of Democracy: Law as a Public
Profession (1999). But he is not a Draconian
accuser either, and tries to be cautious not to
second-guess the past. And at the individual
level, he acknowledges, some lawyermissionaries
made wise judgments on some
occasions and mistakes in others. Still, he
emphasizes the virtue of diffi dence—selfknowledge
and local knowledge—for the
lawyer-missionaries who have been trained to
practice this diffi dence in their professional
work. One lawyer-missionary with diffi dence
was Jens I. Westengard, who treated the
culture of the Siamese with respect, won
their confi dence, and contributed to their
development of legal institutions.
Japan has been one of the few benefi ciaries,
rather than a victim, of American lawyermissionaries
during the last one and a
half centuries, which have included the
periods of swift Westernization in the late
19th century and the post-World War II
occupation. Carrington gives credits to the
preparedness and the relative homogeneity
on the side of Japanese society.
A recent development regarding the
Constitution of Japan of 1946 provides
circumstantial evidence of Carrington’s
thesis. Nationalist politicians in Japan had
been contemptuous of the Constitution as
an “imposed Constitution” drafted by the
occupation force of Douglas MacArthur.
However, when the possible constitutional
amendments began to be discussed openly
and the research commission of each
Bradley honored with Richard
and Marcy Horvitz chair
Curtis A. Bradley, a renowned scholar
in the areas of public international
and foreign relations law, joined
the Duke Law faculty on July 1, 2005,
as the first Richard and Marcy Horvitz
professor of law and associate director
of the Program in Public Law.
“Through their support of the
Program in Public Law, Richard
Horvitz [’78] and his late wife, Marcy,
have supported a rich intellectual
menu of conferences, speakers, seminars,
and other special events on
public law topics at the Law School.
With the addition of Curits Bradley
to the constitutional law faculty,
Duke’s expertise at the intersection of
executive powers, foreign affairs and
national security is absolutely unparalleled,”
said Dean Katharine Bartlett.
“It is appropriate that Professor
Bradley will hold the Horvitz professorship,
given both the importance
in recruiting Curt of Duke’s presence
in public law, which the Horvitz gifts
have helped make possible, and the
added strength Curt in turn brings to
Duke’s public law program.” d
house of the Diet (Parliament) reviewed
the document thoroughly in April 2005, it
seems to have been found to be diffi cult
to reach a consensus on what was wrong
with particular constitutional provisions.
One of the hotly debated issues is whether
the bicameral parliament should be
maintained or the upper house should
be abolished or stripped of substantial
powers. Ironically, the first draft of the
Constitution by the staff of MacArthur
provided for a unicameral parliament, but
the Japanese cabinet successfully insisted
on the bicameral parliament in 1946. Based
on the experience of the following 60 years,
belatedly Japan seems to appreciate the
wisdom of the first proposal by diffi dent
American lawyer-missionaries.
Yes, American lawyers can be admired, so
long as the lessons from the past generations
of lawyer-missionaries, which have been long
forgotten by collective amnesia but are fully
recited in this Carrington’s book, are heeded
by successive generations. d
Kichimoto Asaka ’87 is a professor of law at the
University of Tokyo. He is a visiting scholar at
Duke Law School through the Fall 2005 term.
CURTIS A. BRADLEY
Faculty Focus
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 43

{Faculty Notes
Katharine Bartlett
Member, Presidential Transition Team,
and Planning Committee, Inauguration of
Richard H. Brodhead as Ninth President
of Duke University, 2004
Represented Duke at the Inauguration
of Kenneth W. Starr ‘73 as the Dean of
Pepperdine University School of Law,
September 2004
Member, 2004-2005 Law School
Development Committee, American Bar
Association Section on Legal Education
& Admissions to the Bar
Presentation, “Update on the Law
School’s Strategic Plan,” Duke University
Board of Trustees, October 2004
Panel Member, “The Role of the Dean in
the Fund-raising Process,” Section on
Institutional Advancement, Association
of American Law Schools Annual
Meeting, San Francisco, January 2005
Appointed, North Carolina Chief Justice’s
Commission on Professionalism, January
2005
Appointed, Board of the American Law
Deans Association, February 2005
Member, Duke University President’s
Senior Leadership Group, 2004-2005
Moderator, Plenary Session, “Law
Schools--Que Vadis,” Jackson Hole VIII,
Conference on Law School Development
for Deans and Administrators, Jackson
Hole, WY, June 2005
Sara Beale
The Many Faces of Overcriminalization:
From Morals and Mattress Tags to
Overfederalization, 54 American
University Law Review 747-782 (2005)
(Symposium)
What Developments in Western Europe
Tell Us About American Critiques of
Corporate Criminal Liability, 8 Buffalo
Criminal Law Review 89-163 (2004) (with
Adam G. Safwat)
Speaker, “Federal Sentencing Guidelines
After Booker,” ABA National Institute on
White Collar Crime, Las Vegas, March
2005; Federal Sentencing Guidelines
Seminar sponsored by the Federal Bar
Association, the ABA, the United States
Sentencing Commission, San Francisco,
May 2005
44
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
Presenter, “The Trial of Terrorism Cases
in the Article III Federal Courts,” Federal
Judicial Center training session, Duke
Law School, March 2005
Speaker, “Criminal Law: Whose Frontal
Cortex Anyway? The Supreme Court’s
Two Sentencing Cases This Term: Roper
v. Simmons (juvenile death penalty)
and Booker v. United States (sentencing
guidelines),” conference on Law,
Behavior, and the Brain, Gruter Institute,
Squaw Valley, CA, May 2005
Attendee as incoming Reporter, Meetings
of Criminal Rules Committee, Charleston,
SC, April 2005; Judicial Conference
Standing Committee on Criminal Rules,
San Francisco, January 2005 and Boston,
June 2005
Member, Advisory Committee, AALS
Journal of Legal Education
Member, ABA Criminal Justice Standards
Committee
Member, Board of the International
Society for the Reform of Criminal Law
Stuart Benjamin
Evaluating the FCC’s National Television
Ownership Cap: What’s Bad for
Broadcasting Is Good for the Country,
46 William & Mary Law Review 439-511
(2004)
2005 Supplement to TELECOMMUNICATIONS
LAW AND POLICY (2001) (with Douglas
Gary Lichtman & Howard A. Shelanski)
Appointed, associate dean for research,
Duke Law School, January 2005
Francesca Bignami
The Challenge of Cooperative Regulatory
Relations after Enlargement, in Law and
Governance in an Enlarged Europe 97-
140 (George Bermann & Katharina Pistor
eds., 2004)
Presenter, “Creating Rights in the Age
of Global Governance,” Conference on
Administrative Law and Process in the
U.S. and Abroad: Cross-Disciplinary
Perspectives, University of San Diego
School of Law and University of
California, San Diego Department of
Political Science, January 2005
Presenter, “Civil Society and Global
Governance,” Faculty Workshop,
University of Illinois College of Law,
Champaign, February 2005
Panelist, “The EU’s New Ambitions,”
American Society of International Law
Annual Meeting, April 2005
Foreword, 68 Law & Contemporary
Problems 1-20 (Winter 2004) originally
published as, Introduzione, in Il
procedimento amministrativo nel diritto
europeo, Rivista trimestrale di diritto
pubblico, Quaderno n. 1, 1-30 (Francesca
Bignami & Sabino Cassese eds., 2004)
Mixed Administration in the European
Data Protection Directive: The Regulation
of International Data Transfers, 54 Rivista
Trimestrale di Diritto Pubblico 31-58
(2004)
Three Generations of Participation Rights
Before the European Commission, 68
Law & Contemporary Problems 61-107
(Winter 2004), originally published as,
Tre generazioni di diritti di partecipazione
nei procedimenti amministrativi europei,
in Il procedimento amministrativo nel
diritto europeo, Rivista trimestrale di
diritto pubblico, Quaderno n. 1, 87-124
(Francesca Bingami & Sabino Cassese
eds., 2004)
Special Editor, The Administrative
Law of the European Union, 68 Law &
Contemporary Problems (Winter 2004),
orignally published as, Il Procedimento
amministrativo nel diritto europeo,
Rivista trimestrale di diritto pubblico,
Quaderno n. 1 (2004) (with Sabino
Cassese)
Transgovernmental Networks vs.
Democracy: The Case of the European
Information Privacy Network, 26 Michigan
Journal of International Law 807-868
(2005)
Curtis Bradley
Congressional Authorization and the
War on Terrorism, 118 Harvard Law
Review 2047-2133 (2005) (with Jack L.
Goldsmith)
Rejoinder: The War on Terrorism:
International Law, Clear Statement
Requirements, and Constitutional Design,
188 Harvard Law Review 2683-2697
(2005) (with Jack L. Goldsmith)
Participant, debate on Medellin v. Dretke,
Columbia Law School, February 2005
Faculty, Fourth Circuit Judicial workshop
on Alien Tort Statute, Williamsburg,
March 2005

Presenter, “Issues relating to national
security, detention, and legal aspects
of the war on terror,” Federal Judicial
Center training session, Duke Law
School, March 2005
Presenter, “Congressional Authorization
and the War on Terrorism,” symposium,
Harvard Law School, April 2005
Moderator, “The President and
International Law in the War on
Terrorism,” at “Strategies for the War on
Terror: Taking Stock,” Duke University,
April 2005
Presenter, “Unratifi ed Treaties and the
Constitution,” University of Chicago Law
School, May 2005
Awarded Richard and Marcy Horvitz
chair, July 2005
Paul Carrington
Asbestos Litigation in the United
States: Delay in Court and Premature
Adjudication, in The Law’s Delay: Essays
on Undue Delay in Civil Litigation 69-82
(C.H. van Rhee ed., Intersentia 2004)
Clients I Remember: Part Five, 15
Experience 31-33 (Spring 2005)
Preface to George W. Liebmann, THE
COMMON LAW TRADITION: A COLLECTIVE
PORTRAIT OF FIVE LEGAL SCHOLARS ix-xviii
(2005)
Speaker, “St. George Tucker,” College of
William and Mary, Marshall-Wythe Law
School, January 2005
Speaker, “Renewing the Supreme Court,”
The Federalist Society, Washington
D.C., February 2005; Harvard Law
School Reunion Weekend, March
2005; American Academy of Appellate
Lawyers, Denver, March 2005; Federalist
Society, Washington, D.C., April
2005; Max Planck Institute of Private
International Law, Hamburg, June 2005;
Humbolt University, Berlin, June 2005;
Albert Ludwigs Universitat, Frieburg
en Breisgau, June, 2005; Universitat
Meunster, June 2005
Gastprofessor, Bucerius Law School,
Hamburg, May and June 2005
Speaker, “Spreading America’s Word,”
Free University of Brussels, June 2005
Erwin Chemerinsky
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (Aspen Law &
Business, 2d ed. 2005) (casebook)
Attack on Court Threatens Crucial Checks
and Balances, Daily Journal, April 12,
2005
Catch the High Court’s Eye With a
Compelling Petition, 41 Trial 70-71 (April
2005) (with Doriane Lambelet Coleman)
Citing Foreign Law Sparks Unnecessary
Bruhaha, Daily Journal, March 15, 2005
A Civil Rights Victory for Prisoners, 41
Trial 76-77 (May 2005)
Court Adds Class Actions, Religion to
Docket, 41 Trial 66-68 (January 2005)
Court Moves to Weed Out Race Issue in
Jury Selection, Daily Journal, June 15,
2005
Deep Throat’s Message, Raleigh News &
Observer, June 3, 2005, at A15
Filibustering Judicial Nominations, 26
Cardozo Law Review 331-352 (2005)
(with Catherine Fisk)
GOP Court Bashing Undermines
System, Philadephia Inquirer, April 10,
2005, at http://www.philly.com/mld/
philly/11354578.htm
Ignoring Constitution for Political Gain;
Efforts Violate Separation of Powers and
Federalism, Fort Lauderdale Sun Sentinel,
March 23, 2005 at 25A
Justices Create Confusion in Sentencing
by Declaring Guidelines Advisory, Daily
Journal, January 18, 2005 (with Neil S.
Siegel & Laurie Levenson)
Oregon’s Right to Decide, Raleigh News &
Observer, March 4, 2005, at A17
Patients Need Range of Choice in the
Face of Pain and Suffering, Daily News of
Los Angeles, April 8, 2005, at N19 (with
Judith Daar)
Qualifi ed Immunity Ruling Raises Hurdles
for Plaintiffs, 41 Trial 66-67 (March 2005)
The Segregation and Resegregation of
American Public Education: The Court’s
Role, 38 Clearinghouse Review 633-650
(2005)
Statute Undercuts Right to Mount First
Amendment Defense, Daily Journal,
February 16, 2005
Surprising High-Court Rulings Shift Civil
Rights Outlook, Daily Journal, May 19,
2005
3rd Circuit Award, Law Schools Victory
Against Military, Daily Journal, December
22, 2004
Argued, in United States Supreme Court,
Tory v. Cochran and Van Orden v. Perry;
in California Supreme Court, Johnson v.
Ford
Honored, “One of the 20 Top Legal
Thinkers in America,” Legal Affairs,
April 2005
Speaker, “Federalism,” “Free Speech and
the Military,” and “The Rehnquist Court,”
AALS Annual Meeting, San Francisco,
January 2005
Faculty Notes
Speaker, “Privacy and the War on
Terrorism,” North Carolina Bar
Association, January 2005
Speaker, “The War on Terrorism and
Recent Supreme Court Cases,” New
York State Bar Association, New York,
January 2005
Speaker, “Recent Developments in Civil
Rights and Civil Liberties Law,” National
Conference of ACLU Lawyers, Santa Fe,
January 2005
Keynote speaker, “Same-Sex Marriage,”
Southwestern Law School, Los Angeles,
February 2005
Speaker, “Civil Liberties and the War
on Terrorism,” Valparaiso Law School,
February 2005; Whitman College,
April 2005; California State University,
Fullerton, May 2005
Speaker, “Civil Liberties and the War on
Terrorism,” Folsom Lecture, Washburn
Law School, Topeka, KS, March 2005
Speaker, “Federalism and the Supreme
Court,” Willamette Law School, Salem,
OR, March 2005
Speaker, “Recent Supreme Court Cases,”
conference of Federal Bankruptcy
Judges, Redondo Beach, CA, March
2005; Northwest Bankruptcy Institute,
Seattle, April 2005; Nevada Judicial
Conference, Mesquite, NV, April 2005;
conference of Federal Magistrate Judges,
Santa Fe, April 2005; Fifth Circuit
Judicial Conference, New Orleans, May
2005; conference of Eighth and Tenth
Circuit judges, Santa Fe, June 2005; Sixth
Circuit Judicial Conference, Mackinac
Island, MI, June 2005; Federal Judicial
Conference, Kansas City, MO, June 2005
Presenter, “USA Patriot Act,” Federal
Judicial Center training session, Duke
Law School, March 2005
Speaker, “Recent Developments in Civil
Rights Law,” Georgetown University,
April 2005
Speaker, “Preemption and Federalism,”
Pepperdine Law School, Malibu, CA,
April 2005
Speaker, “Recent Developments in Civil
Rights Law,” Chicago-Kent Law School,
April 2005
Speaker, “Recent Developments in
United States and Alaska Constitutional
Law,” Alaska Bench/Bar conference in
Juneau, May 2005
Speaker, “Recent Developments in
Criminal Procedure,” National Conference
of Federal Defenders, San Antonio,
June 2005
George Christie
L’auditoire universel dans l’argumentation
juridique [The Notion of an Ideal
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 45

Faculty Notes
Audience in Legal Argument, French
edition] (Guy Haarscher trans., Bruylant
2005)
Honoree, Perelman Foundation,
University Libre de Bruxelles, on the
occasion of the publication of the French
translation of “The Notion of an Ideal
Audience in Legal Argument,” Brussels,
February 2005
Lecturer, “Developments in American
Product Liability Law,” “The
Adjudication in American Courts of
Cases Involving Confl icts between
Competing Human Rights,” “The
Development of the Notion of Natural
Justice in the Common Law,” Doshisha
University, Kyoto, Japan, May 2005
Charles Clotfelter
Who Teaches Whom? Race and the
Distribution of Novice Teachers, 24
Economics of Education Review 377-
392 (2005) (with Helen F. Ladd &
Jacob Vigdor)
Awarded, 2005 Gladys M. Kammerer
prize for best political science
publication in the fi eld of U.S. national
policy for AFTER BROWN: THE RISE AND
RETREAT OF SCHOOL SEGREGATION, American
Political Science Association, June 2005
Doriane Lambelet Coleman
Catch the High Court’s Eye With a
Compelling Petition, 41 Trial 70-71 (April
2005) (with Erwin Chemerinsky)
Arming Teachers is Not the Answer,
Durham Herald-Sun, April 10, 2005
James Cox
Public and Private Enforcement of the
Securities Laws: Have Things Changed
Since Enron?, 80 Notre Dame Law
Review 893-907 (2005) (with Randall S.
Thomas)
Lecturer, Kennedy School of Government
Law and Economic Development Training
Forum, Fulbright Learning Center, Ho Chi
Minh City, Vietnam, January 2005
Speech, “The Historical Forces that
Have Shaped the U.S. Securities Laws,”
Ho Chi Minh City University Law School,
January 2005
Panelist, “15 Years After the N.C. Business
Corporation Law,” N.C. Bar Foundation,
Pinehurst, NC, February 2005
Panelist, Executive Compensation,
Directors’ Education Institute, Duke
University, March 2005
Commentator, Law and Business
Program, Vanderbilt University, March
2005
Presenter, “Mutual Fund Expense
Disclosure: A Behavioral Perspective,”
Institute for Law and Economic Policy
and Washington University Conference
on Reforming the Mutual Fund Industry,
46
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
Lake Las Vegas, April 2005
Participant, “The Law and the Professions,”
Columbia University School of
Law, April 2005
Participant, “The Competitive Structure
of the Accounting Profession,”
The American Assembly, Columbia
University, May 2005
Panelist, “Securities Litigation before
the Supreme Court,” Reunion Program,
Princeton University, May 2005
Richard Danner
Participant, meetings of the Executive
Committee of the Association of
American Law Schools, San Francisco,
January 2005
Member, American Bar Association site
evaluation team for Harvard Law School,
Cambridge, April 2005
Faculty, American Bar Association, New
Deans’ Seminar, Jackson Hole, WY, June
2005
Participant, Strategic Planning sessions
as fi rst vice-president of the International
Association of Law Libraries, London,
June 2005
Deborah DeMott
Restatement (Third) of Agency
(Tentative Draft No. 6, 2005) (Reporter)
Speaker, “Agents, Organizations, and
Restatement Third,” AALS Section
on Agency, Partnership, LLC’s and
Unincorporated Associations, AALS
Annual Meeting, January 2005
Keynote speaker, “Why Agency Matters:
Refl ections on the Gravitational Pull of
Common Law Doctrine,” 23rd Annual
American Law Institute-State Bar of
Georgia Breakfast, February 2005
Presenter, “Anachronism and Infl uence:
Refl ections on the Restatements of
Agency,” faculty workshop, Washington
& Lee School of Law, April 2005
Successfully defended Tentative Draft
No. 6 of Restatement (Third) of Agency
at annual meeting of American Law
Institute, culminating in ALI’s approval
of project in its entirety, May 2005
Recipient, Dean’s award for faculty
scholarship for work on Restatement
(Third)
Elected, Chair-Elect, AALS Section on
Business Associations
Commenced service, Adviser to ALI
project, Restatement (Third) of Employment
Law
Robinson Everett
Lawyer Family: Lessons Learned for
the Practice of Law, in Lawyer to
Lawyer: North Carolina Refl ections on
the Practice of Law 15-16 (Theresa A.
Newman ed., 2005)
Presenter, Annual Meeting of the Code
Committee of the U.S. Court of Appeals
for the Armed Forces, Washington, D.C.,
May 2005
Chairman, North Carolina State Bar LAMP
(Legal Assistance for Military Personnel)
Committee
Catherine Fisk
Knowledge Work: New Metaphors for the
New Economy, 80 Chicago-Kent Law
Review 839-872 (2005)
LABOR LAW STORIES (Foundation Press,
2005) (editor with Laura A. Cooper)
Filibustering Judicial Nominations, 26
Cardozo Law Review 331-352 (2005)
(with Erwin Chemerinsky)
The Story of Hoffman Plastic Compounds,
Inc. v. NLRB: The Rules of the Workplace
for Undocumented Immigrants, in
Immigration Stories (David A. Martin &
Peter Schuck eds., 2005) (with Michael J.
Wishnie)
The Story of Hoffman Plastic Compounds,
Inc. v. NLRB: Labor Rights Without
Remedies for Undocumented Immigrants,
in Labor Law Stories 399-438 (Laura A.
Cooper & Catherine L. Fisk eds., 2005)
(with Michael J. Wishnie)
Speaker, “Same-Sex Marriage as a
Civil Rights Issue,” Randolph Thrower
Symposium, Emory Law Journal and
Emory University School of Law, Atlanta,
February 2005
Commentator, “Copyright in the
Nineteenth Century,” Conference on the
Law, History, and Culture of Intellectual
Property, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, April 2005
Speaker, “Working Knowledge: Employee
Innovation and the Rise of Corporate
Intellectual Property,” Information
Ecology Lecture, Duke University, April
2005
Speaker, “Labor Law and the Four
Obstacles to Union Organizing,” Third
Reconstruction Institute Conference on
Labor and Community Organizing, John
Hope Franklin Center, Duke University,
April 2005
Speaker, “Labor Law for the Non-
Unionized Workplace: What Employment
Lawyers Should Know About Labor Law,”
Pacifi c Coast Labor and Employment
Law Conference, Seattle, May 2005
Joel Fleishman
Co-chair, Expert Advisory Group (formed

to advise the Panel on the Nonprofi t
Sector, which in turn was formed at
the request of the U.S. Senate Finance
Committee), Independent Sector, 2005
Speaker, Bertelsmann Foundation
Symposium Speech, Berlin, Germany,
March 2005
Speaker, “How Much is Enough?: Foundation
Grantmaking for International
Benefi t,” Princeton Conference on Ethics
and International Grantmaking, Princeton
University, May 2005
Member, Building Strong and Ethical
Foundations Advisory Committee,
Council on Foundations, 2005-
Andrew Foster
Final New Markets Tax Credit Regulations
Released, 14 Journal of Affordable
Housing & Community Development Law
85-89 (Winter 2005)
Joint Ventures Between Nonprofi ts and
For-Profi ts: Will Revenue Ruling 2004-
51 Provide Any Comfort?, 14 Journal
of Affordable Housing & Community
Development Law 95-105 (Winter 2005)
Presenter, “New Markets Tax Credit 101,”
North Carolina Main Streets Conference,
New Bern, NC, January 2005
Speaker, “Microenterprise: An Effective
Anti-Poverty Strategy?” Conference on
Race, Gender and Poverty, University of
North Carolina School of Law, Chapel Hill,
February 2005
Presenter, “Joint Ventures Between
Nonprofi ts and For-Profi ts,” Mid-Year
Conference, American Bar Association
Forum on Affordable Housing and
Community Development Law, San
Francisco, February 2005
Presenter, “Strategies for Financing
Community Development with the
New Markets Tax Credit,” Community
Development Academy, University of
North Carolina Institute of Government,
March 2005
Presenter, “Developing a Successful Pro
Bono Business Law Program,” Equal
Justice Conference, Austin, TX, May 2005
Co-Organizer, Conference on Social
Enterprise, Duke University, June 2005
Martin Golding
THE BLACKWELL GUIDE TO THE PHILOSOPHY OF
LAW AND LEGAL THEORY (2005) (editor with
William Edmundson)
Responsibility, in The Blackwell Guide to
the Philosophy of Law and Legal Theory
221-235 (Martin P. Golding & William A.
Edmundson, eds., 2005)
Rights, Performatives, and Promises in
Karl Olivecrona’s Legal Theory, 18 Ratio
Juris 16-29 (2005)
Paul Haagen
Elected Chair, Duke University Academic
Council, February 2005
Panel Moderator, “Hot Topics in Sports
Law,” Duke Law Reunion Weekend, April
2005
Lecturer, “Regulation of Sport,” East
Carolina University, May 2005
Speaker, “Supporting Our Truths: Academic
Freedom in Higher Education,” Phi
Beta Kappa Lecture, Haverford College,
May 2005
Donald Horowitz
MIZHETNICHNI KONFLIKTI [Ethnic Groups
in Confl ict, Ukranian edition] (Karavela,
2004)
The Alternative Vote and Interethnic
Moderation: A Reply to Fraenkel and
Grofman, 121 Public Choice 507-521
(2004)
Team leader, quality assessment of the
Government Unit, University of the West
Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, March
2005
Ted Kaufman
Do Right by Those Who Have the Least
in the Era of Defi cit, Wilmington News
Journal, January 9, 2005, at 15A
David Lange
Comment: Traditional Knowledge,
Folklore and the Case for Benign
Neglect, in INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC GOODS
AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY UNDER A
GLOBALIZED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME
595-598 (Keith E. Maskus & Jerome H.
Reichman eds., 2005)
Sarah Ludington
Presenter, “Effective Teaching
Techniques: Using Student Writing
Samples for Assignment Feedback,”
Fourth Annual Carolinas Legal Research
and Writing Colloquium, Campbell
University School of Law, Buie’s Creek,
NC, May 2005
Martin Lybecker
Speaker, “Mutual Fund Scandals,”
2004 Annual Meeting, Florida Offi ce of
Financial Regulation, Division of Financial
Institutions, Tallahassee, January 2005
Speaker, “SEC Rule 38a-1,” Fiduciary
Audit and Risk Management Seminar,
Richmond, March 2005
Speaker, “Online Program on Bank Entry
Into the Mutual Fund Business,” SEC
Historical Society, Herndon, VA, March
2005
Speaker, ”Online Program on Money
Money Market Funds,” SEC Historical
Society, Herndon, VA, March 2005
Faculty Notes
Moderator, “Banking Law 101,” Institute
for the New Business Lawyer; Speaker,
“The New Era of Enforcement & Compliance
— Bank Secrecy Act, Anti-Money
Laundering and More,” “Committee on
Banking Law, Regulation B: SEC’s Broker-
Dealer Rules for Banks,” Committee on
Banking Law, Spring Meeting, ABA Business
Law Section Spring Meeting, Nashville,
April 2005
Speaker, “Mutual Fund Procedures: Views
of Practitioners,” American Bankers
Association Operations Conference,
Memphis, April 2005
Presenter, “Enhanced Corporate Governance
for Mutual Funds: A Concept that
Needs Serious Reconsideration,” A Symposium
on Mutual Funds, Hedge Funds
& Pension Funds, Washington University
School of Law and The Institute for Law
and Economic Policy, Lake Las Vegas,
NV, April 2005
Speaker, “Mutual Fund Scandals,” 19th
Annual National Training Conference,
Fiduciary Audit and Risk Management
Association, San Diego, April 2005
Moderator, “Enforcement,” 2005 Lawyers
Council Spring Meeting, Financial
Services Roundtable, Washington, D.C.,
May 2005
Elected, Member of the Council of the
Business Law Section of the American
Bar Association, beginning August 2005
Selected, Member of the Advisory
Council of the SEC Historical Society,
beginning June 2005
Jennifer Maher
Speaker, “Student Exchanges,” Chinese &
American Law School Deans’ Conference,
Beijing, China, April 2005
Speaker, “Graduate Programs for Foreign
Lawyers” Section panel, AALS Annual
Meeting, January 2005
Elected Vice-Chair, International Law &
Practice Section, NC Bar Association
Carolyn McAllaster
Legal Issues for HIV-Infected Children, in
TEXTBOOK OF PEDIATRIC HIV CARE, ch. 48
(Cambridge University Press, 2005)
Ralf Michaels
Re-placements. Jurisdiction for Contracts
and Torts Under the Brussels I Regulation
when Arts. 5(1) and 5(3) Do Not
Designate a Place in a Member State, in
International Litigation in Europe and
Relations With Third States 129-156
(Arnaud Nuyts & Nadine Watté eds.,
2005)
Madeline Morris
Terrorism: The Politics of Prosecution,
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 47

Faculty Notes
5 Chicago Journal of International Law
405-421 (2005)
Participant, Working Group on
International Law, Politics, and
Organization, Boalt Hall Law School,
January 2005
Speaker, “Judgment, Justice and
Jurisdiction,” Human Rights Lecture
Series of the Law School of the College
of William and Mary, March 2005
Speaker, “The Added Value of Mixed
Tribunals,” conference on International
Criminal Justice: A Transatlantic
Dialogue, convened by the Katholieke
Universiteit Leuven Faculty of Law,
Brussels, Belgium, May 2004
Member, Advisory Board of the Project
on U.S. Attitudes and Practices Towards
International Courts and Tribunals
Robert Mosteller
The Confrontation Clause Radically
Redefi ned by ‘Crawford v. Washington’, 9
North Carolina State Bar Journal 6-10, 23
(Winter 2004)
Encouraging and Ensuring the Confrontation
of Witnesses, 39 U. Richmond L. Rev.
511 (2005)
Commentator, “Crawford and Beyond,”
Brooklyn Law School, February 2005
Theresa Newman
Lawyer to Lawyer: North Carolina
Refl ections on the Practice of Law
(2005) (editor)
Joost Pauwelyn
The Appellate Body’s GSP Decision, 3
World Trade Review 239-266 (2004)
(with others)
The Application of Non-WTO Rules
of International Law in WTO Dispute
Settlement, in World Trade Organization
Legal, Economic and Political Analysis
(Patrick F. J. Macrory, Arthur E. Appleton,
& Michael G. Plummer eds., 2005)
Book Review, 37 George Washington
International Law Review 559-571 (2005)
(reviewing, Frank J. Garcia, TRADE,
INEQUALITY AND JUSTICE: TOWARD A LIBERAL
THEORY OF JUST TRADE (2003))
An Insider’s Guide to the WTO’s Problems,
9 Bridges (ICTSD) 7 (January 2005)
(with Andrew Guzman)
WTO Dispute Settlement: Of Sovereign
Interests, Private Rights, and Public
Goods, in International Public Goods
and Transfer of Technology Under a
Globalized Intellectual Property Regime
817-830 (Keith E. Maskus & Jerome H.
Reichman eds., 2005)
WTO Softens Earlier Condemnation
of U.S. Ban on Internet Gambling, but
48
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
Confi rms Broad Reach into Sensitive
Domestic Regulation, ASIL Insight
(April 2005) at: http://www.asil.org/
insights/2005/04/insights050412.html
Faculty adviser, Duke Law Team, IEL-
Sidley WTO Moot Court Competition,
(winners), Washington, D. C., February
2005
Organized speakers event at Duke Law
with current and former Duke students
on job opportunities with US government
agencies in the fi eld of international
trade, March 2005
Presenter, “The Transformation of World
Trade,” International Law Workshop,
Boalt Hall Law School, University of
California at Berkeley, March 2005
Presenter, “The Sutherland Report: A
Missed Opportunity for Genuine Debate
on Trade, Globalization and Reforming
the WTO,” Fifth Annual WTO Conference,
British Institute for Comparative and
International Law, Gray’s Inn, London,
May 2005
Presenter, “L’infl uence des Sources
sur l’Unité et la Fragmentation du
Droit International,” International Law
Workshop, Palma de Mallorca, Spain, May
2005
Presenter, “Dispute Settlement in
Regional Trade Agreements and
Overlaps with the WTO,” Conference
on Regional Trade Agreements and the
WTO Legal System, Edinburgh, Scotland,
May 2005
Visiting Professor, University of London,
King’s College, June 2005
Lecturer, World Trade Institute, in the
framework of the Institute’s Masters in
International Law and Economics (MILE)
Program, focusing on confl ict of norms in
international law and the effect of WTO
law before EU and U.S. courts, Berne,
Switzerland, June 2005
Appellate Litigation, World Trade
Organization, July 2005
Jeff Powell
A COMMUNITY BUILT ON WORDS: THE
CONSTITUTION IN HISTORY AND POLITICS
(University of Chicago Press, rev. ed.
2005)
Jedediah Purdy
Panelist, “Why We Get the Politics We
Get,” New America Foundation/Atlantic
Monthly forum on “The Real State of the
Union,” Washington, D.C., February 2005
Panelist, “What the Election Meant,”
Sarah Lawrence College, February 2005
Introducer and moderator, premiere of
Gore Vidal’s “On the March to the Sea,”
Duke University, February 2005
Guest, “The Post-Modern Ironic Wink,”
National Public Radio’s “To the Best of
Our Knowledge,” June 2005

Panelist, “Where Is the Moral Center
in America Today?” New America
Foundation Annual Retreat, Berkeley, CA,
June 2005
Speaker, “People as Resources, People
as Ends,” Freedom-Oriented Political
Economy Seminar, United Nations
Development Program, New York, June
2005
Arti Rai
The Increasingly Proprietary Nature of
Publicly Funded Biomedical Research:
Benefi ts and Threats, in Buying In or
Selling Out?: The Commercialization of
the American University 117-126 (Donald
G. Stein ed., 2004)
Open and Collaborative Research: A New
Model for Biomedicine, in Intellectual
Property Rights in Frontier Industries 131-
158 (Robert W. Hahn ed., AEI-Brookings
Press 2005)
Patenting Organisms and Basic Research,
and Private Ownership of Inventions,
entries in 4 Encyclopedia of Bioethics
1980-1983, 2130-2132 (3rd ed., 2004)
Proprietary Rights and Collective Action:
The Case of Biotechnology Research With
Low Commercial Value, in INTERNATIONAL
PUBLIC GOODS AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN
A GLOBALIZED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME
288-306 (Keith E. Maskus & Jerome H.
Reichman eds., 2005)
Jerome Reichman
INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC GOODS AND TRANSFER
OF TECHNOLOGY UNDER A GLOBALIZED
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME (Cambridge
University Press, 2005) (editor with Keith
E. Maskus)
The Globalization of Private Knowledge
Goods and the Privatization of Global
Public Goods, in INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC
GOODS AND TRANSFER OF TECHNOLOGY UNDER
A GLOBALIZED INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME
3- 45 (Keith E. Maskus & Jerome H.
Reichman eds., 2005)
Using Liability Rules to Stimulate Local
Innovation in Developing Countries:
Application to Traditional Knowledge, in
INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC GOODS AND TRANSFER
OF TECHNOLOGY UNDER A GLOBALIZED
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY REGIME 337-366
(Keith E. Maskus & Jerome H. Reichman
eds., 2005) (with Tracy Lewis)
Consultant, “Economic & Trade
Challenges of the 21st Century,”
International Visitors, World Affairs
Council, Duke Law School, January 2005
Distinguished Lecturer, “Using Liability
Rules to Stimulate Local Innovation in
Developing Countries: Applications
to Traditional Knowledge,” McCarthy
Institute, University of San Francisco Law
School, March 2005
Consultant, Andean Free Trade
Agreement Negotiations, Washington,
D.C., March 2005
Presenter, “Intellectual Property
Protection of Databases and Alternative
Regimes to Reconcile Public Science
with the Commercialization of Research
Results,” Duke Institute for Genome
Sciences & Policy, Center for Genome
Ethics, Law & Policy, March 2005
Presenter, “A Contractually
Reconstructed Research Commons for
Science and Innovation,” Conference on
“The Global Flow of Information,” Yale
University, New Haven, April 2005
Presenter, “Compulsory Licensing in
United States Intellectual Property Law,”
Center for Intellectual Property Law
and Information Technology (CIPLIT)
Symposium on “Intellectual Property
Licensing by the Dominant Firm: Issues
and Problems,” DePaul University,
Chicago, April 2005
Presenter, “Global Trends to Restrict
Access to Data from Government-funded
Research,” Swiss Academy of Humanities
and Social Sciences Conference on
“Copyright and Digitalization,” Berne,
Switzerland, April 2005
Presenter, “The Globalization of Private
Knowledge Goods and the Privatization
of Global Public Goods,” TransAtlantic
Consumer Dialogue (TACD) Conference
on “Access to Knowledge,” Queen Mary
Intellectual Property Research Institute,
London, May 2005
Panelist, Initiative for Policy Dialogue
and TransAtlantic Consumer Dialogue
Conference on “New Approaches
to Intellectual Property,” Columbia
University, New York, June 2005
Presenter, “University-Industry
Collaboration: The United States
Experience,” World Intellectual Property
Organization (WIPO) International
Symposium on Intellectual Property
Education and Research, Geneva, June
2005
William Reppy
Judge, National Animal Law Center’s
Second Annual Animal Law Moot Court
competition, Harvard Law School,
Cambridge, February 2005
Barak Richman
Behavioral Economics and Health Policy:
Understanding Medicaid’s Failure, 90
Cornell Law Review 705-768 (2005)
Speaker, “Community Institutions,”
American Law and Economics
Association Annual Meeting, New York
University Law School, May 2005
Faculty Notes
Speaker, “Courts and Communities: A
Comparative Institutional Analysis (Plus
Policy Implications),” Tulane University
Law School Faculty Workshop, January
2005
Awarded, Duke Law School Blueprint
Award, May 2005
Grant, National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences, May 2005
Denise Riebe
Panelist, “Bar Passage Programs,” Law
Schools Admission Council, Academic
Assistance Training Workshop, Las
Vegas, June 2005
Presenter, Bar Success Workshop,
University of North Carolina School of
Law, Chapel Hill, March 2005
Presenter, “A Mediator’s Introduction
to Civil Litigation,” University of North
Carolina - Greensboro, Mediation Training
Workshop, April 2005
Thomas Rowe
Supreme Court Limits Scope of
Rooker-Feldman Doctrine—Commentary,
2005 Moore’s Federal Practice Update
73-74, May 2005
Speaker, “Trying to Make the Best
of the Civil-Justice Market,” Faculty
Workshop, Pepperdine Law School,
Malibu, March 2005
Member, American Law Institute Members’
Consultative Groups for the
Restatement (Third) of Restitution,
project on “Recognition and Enforcement
of Foreign Judgments, project
on “Principles of the Law of Aggregate
Litigation”
Chair, AALS Committee on Professional
Development
Consultant, Advisory Committee on Civil
Rules’ style revision of the Federal Rules
of Civil Procedure
James Salzman
Science in the Public Process of Ecosystem
Management: Lessons from Hawaii,
Southeast Asia, Africa and the US
Mainland, 76 Journal of Environmental
Management 197-209 (2005) (with John
Gutrich et al.)
Participant, focus groups on how
U.S. Forest Service can or should
incorporate an ecosystem services
perspective into its operations,
Minneapolis, MN, April 2005
Speaker, “A New Currency for Conservation:
Markets and Payments for
Ecosystem Services from Our Nation’s
Forests and Farms,” Washington, D.C.,
May 2005
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 49

Faculty Notes
Presenter, “The Nuts and Bolts of
Creating Ecosystem Service Markets,”
conference co-sponsored by the
U.S. Forest Service and the Southern
Environmental Law Center, May 2005
Presenter, “Conservation Incentives that
Work for People on the Land,” workshop
sponsored by Stanford University, The
Nature Conservancy and World Wildlife
Fund, Stanford, CA, May 2005
Speaker, “Markets for Ecosystem
Services,” Rocky Mountain Mineral
Law Foundation’s Institute for Natural
Resource Law, Santa Fe, NM, June 2005
Richard Schmalbeck
Reconsidering Private Foundation
Investment Limitations, 58 Tax Law
Review 59-110 (2004)
Panel chair, “Timing Issues in Taxation,”
Critical Tax Theory Conference,
University of Seattle, April 2005
Presenter, “Is the Death Tax Really
Dead?,” Faculty Seminar, William & Mary
School of Law, April 2005
Presenter, “What is the Optimal
Spending Rate for Private Foundations?,”
University of Michigan Tax Policy
Workshop, April 2005
Presenter, “Unrelated Business Income
Tax Constraints on Earned Income,”
Conference on Social Enterprise:
Developing Earned Income Stategies to
Enhance Social and Community Impact,
Duke University, June 2005
Lecturer, “American and Canadian
Taxation,” International Tax Certifi cate
Program, Instituto Tecnico Autonimo de
Mexico (“ITAM”), Mexico City, May 2005
Presenter, “Stategies in Application
for Exempt Status,” conference on
Formation of Charitable Organizations,
Greensboro, NC, June 2005
Member, Association of American Law
Schools Membership Committee (AALS
accreditation committee)
Christopher Schroeder
Special Editor, Case Studies in
Conservative and Progressive Legal
Orders, 67 Law & Contemporary
Problems (Autumn 2004)
Speaker, “History and Prospects for the
Environmental Justice Movement,” forum
in honor Martin Luther King, Jr.’s birthday,
January 2005
Presenter, “Legal Issues in the Implementation
of the USA PATRIOT Act, Federal
Judicial Center training session, Duke
Law School, March 2005
50
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
Panelist, Forum relating to Terri Schiavo
case, Duke Institute on Care at the End of
Life, Duke University, April 2005
Panel Chair, PATRIOT Act Issues,
conference on Strategies in the War on
Terror, Duke University, April 2005
Session leader, American Constitution
Society for Law & Policy conference
on the Constitution in 2020, Yale Law
School, New Haven, April 2005
Speaker, USA PATRIOT Act, meeting of
North Carolina First Responders, April
2005
Presenter, “The Hydrogen Economy,”
Berkeley Environmental Law Workshop,
University of California, Berkely Law
School, April 2005
Steven Schwarcz
Temporal Perspectives: Resolving the
Confl ict Between Current and Future
Investors, 89 Minnesota Law Review
1044-1090 (2005)
The Confused U.S. Framework for
Foreign-Bank Insolvency: An Open
Research Agenda, 1 Review of Law &
Economics, article 6 (April 2005) at:
www.bepress.com/rle/vol1/iss1/art6/
Presenter, “Temporal Perspectives
and the Confl ict Between Current and
Future Investors,” AALS Annual Meeting,
January 2005
Included in Social Sciences Research
Network (SSRN) list of “Top 50 Law
Authors” in the world, measured by
article downloads, March 2005
Honored, mini-symposium on forthcoming
article, “The Limits of Lawyering: Legal
Opinions in Structured Finance,”
Columbia Law School Center on Corporate
Governance, March 2005
Speaker, “Legal Opinions in Structured
Finance,” University of North Carolina
Law School, faculty workshop, February
2005; Columbia Law School, March
2005; Global Capital Markets Center’s
Advisory Board, New York City, May
2005
Panelist, Chaired Bankruptcy Panel,
annual meeting of American Law &
Economics Association, New York
University Law School, May 2005
Elected, Founding Member, International
Insolvency Institute
Visiting Professor, University of Geneva,
May-June 2005
Neil Siegel
Justices Create Confusion in Sentencing
by Declaring Guidelines Advisory, Daily
Journal, January 18, 2005 (with Erwin
Chemerinsky & Laurie Levenson)
Medical Marijuana: Read Between the
Lines, Raleigh News & Observer, June 14,
2005, at A11
The Rhetoric Behind “Strict Constructionism,”
Durham Herald-Sun, June 19, 2005,
at A11 (with Aziz Huq)
Why President Bush Should Not Take the
5th, Houston Chronicle, June 17, 2005, at
B11
Judge and Keynote Speaker, North
Carolina State Finals of the 2004-2005
We the People: The Citizen and the
Constitution Competition, Raleigh,
January 2005
Lecturer, We the People: The Citizen and
the Constitution Weekend Workshop,
Salter Path, NC, March 2005
Participant, Liberty Fund Conference
on The Political Economy of a Federal
Constitution, Alexandria, VA, April 2005
Judge and Alumni Speaker, National
Finals of the 2004-2005 We the
People: The Citizen and the Constitution
Competition, Washington, D.C., April
2005
Seminar Instructor, Durham Public
Schools’ History Connect(!) Summer
Institute, Duke University, June 2005
Panelist, American Enterprise Institute
for Public Policy Research, Fifth Annual
Supreme Court Review, Washington, D.C.,
June 2005
Scott Silliman
On Military Commissions, 36 Case
Western Reserve Journal of International
Law 529-540 (2004)
Teaching National Security Law, 1 Journal
of National Security Law & Policy 161-168
(2005)
Guest Speaker, “Legal Issues in the War
on Terrorism,” Durham Kiwanis Club,
January 2005
Guest Lecturer, Duke ROTC programs on
the Uniform Code of Military Justice and
Operational Law, January 2005
Guest Lecturer, UNC Law School’s 15th
Annual Festival of Legal Learning, a CLE
program, February 2005
Organizer and Presenter, “Law and
National Security in the War on
Terrorism,” Federal Judicial Center
training program, Duke Law School,
March 2005
Sponsor and Panel Chair, “Strategies
for the War on Terrorism: Taking Stock,”
conference sponsored by the Center on
Law, Ethics and National Security and the

Program in Public Law, April 2005
Panel Speaker, “Meeting the Challenges
of Terrorism While Preserving Civil
Liberties,” First Judicial Circuit’s annual
conference, Newport, RI, June 2005
Chair, Faculty Advisory Committee to
the Duke Journal of Comparative and
International Law
Member, ABA Standing Committee on
Law and National Security
Numerous media interviews in
national/local television, radio and
newspapers/news magazines on issues
of international law involving the use
of force, national security, the war on
terrorism and military law
Carol Spruill
Presenter, “Law School Pro Bono
Today,” Opening Plenary Session,
American Bar Association/NLADA
Equal Justice Conference on
Celebrating the Pro Bono and Legal
Services Partnership, Pre-Conference
“Celebrating Law School Pro Bono --
Insights from the Journey and Visions
for the Future,” Austin, TX, May 2005
Presenter, “Hiring and Keeping Great
Attorneys without an HR Department,”
American Bar Association/NLADA Equal
Justice Conference on Celebrating the
Pro Bono and Legal Services Partnership,
Austin, TX, May 2005
Presenter, Equal Access to Justice
Roundtable inaugural meeting, North
Carolina Bar Association Annual
Convention, Asheville, NC, June 2005
Member, Equal Justice Works National
Advisory Committee
Member, North Carolina Bar Association
Law School Liaison Committee
Member, North Carolina Bar Association
Public Service Advisory Committee
Laura Underkuffl er
‘Davey’ and the Limits of Equality, in
Symposium: The Funding of Religious
Institutions in the Light of Locke v. Davey,
40 Tulsa Law Review 267-277 (2004)
Thoughts on ‘Smith’ and Religious Group
Autonomy, in Symposium: Church
Autonomy, 5 Brigham Young University
Law Review 1773-1788 (2004)
Neil Vidmar
Juries Around the Globe, 5 Insights on
Law & Society 7-10 (Winter 2005)
Uncovering the ‘Invisible’ Profi le of
Medical Malpractice Litigation: Insights
from Florida, 54 DePaul Law Review 315-
354 (2005) (with others)
“Research on Medical Malpractice
Litigation in the United States and
Tort Reform,” Testimony before the
Committee on the Judiciary of the
Connecticut General Assembly, Hartford
CT, April 2005
Co-drafter, amicus brief, Spirko v.
Bradshaw, U.S. Supreme Court No. 03-
8043 On Petition For a Writ of Certiorari
to the United States Court of Appeals for
the Sixth Circuit
Declaration, United States District Court,
Middle District of Florida, Tampa Division,
United States of America v. Sami Amin
Al-Arian, et al., Case No. 8:03-CR-77-T-
30TBM (In support of Change of Venue
Application) April 2005
Presenter, “Medical Malpractice and the
Tort System in Illinois,” Annual Law &
Society Meetings, Las Vegas, NV, June
2005
Report, “Medical Malpractice and the Tort
System in Illinois: A Report to the Illinois
State Bar Association,” May 2005
Stephen Wallenstein
Cost & Revenue Survey 2003 (World
Federation of Exchanges, December
2004)
Indexing and Corporate Governance and
Index Investing in Brazil, in Active Index
Investing 238-241, 270-274 (Steven
Schoenfeld ed., 2004)
Co-sponsor and participatant, The Second
Annual Art of Indexing Conference,
Washington D.C., October 2004
Panelist, 5th Annual Meeting, Brazilian
Corporation Governance Network, Sao
Paulo, Brazil, November 2004
Co-sponsor, Business Law Society Career
Symposium, Duke Law School, February
2005
Organizer and Presenter, Fourth Annual
Directors’ Education Institute, Duke
University, March 2005
Panelist, “Management Succession,”
Corporate Board Member Academic
Council Roundtable, New York, May 2005
Panelist, “Corporate Governance,”
Foreign Issuers & the U.S. Securities Laws
2005, PLI, New York, May 2005
Presenter, “Doing Business in Asia,” Duke
Law Board of Visitors Meeting, Tsinghua
University, Beijing, June 2005
Jane Wettach
Lecturer, “Education as a Civil Right,”
Undergraduate Education Class, Duke
University, February 2005
Faculty Notes
Presenter, “Handling School Suspension
Appeals to Superintendents, School
Boards and Court,” Legal Aid of North
Carolina Education Law Task Force, Cary,
NC, March 2005
Participant, “School Suspension Hearings,”
North Carolina Bar Association,
Cary, NC, March 2005
Presenter, “The Legal Rights of Disabled
Children in School,” The International
Dyslexia Association, N.C. Chapter
Annual Meeting, Charlotte, NC, March
2005
Presenter, “Education Rights of Children
with Disabilities,” National Lawyer’s Guild
Southeastern Conference, University of
North Carolina School of Law, Chapel Hill,
May 2005
Jonathan Wiener
Speaker, “Appraising the New UK
Strategy for Risk Management,” remarks
to the Plenary Session, Annual Meeting
of the Society for Risk Analysis, Palm
Springs, CA, December 2004
Speaker, “Precaution in the US and Europe,”
conference on “Better Regulation:
The EU and the Transatlantic Dialogue,”
co-sponsored by the European Policy
Centre, the European Commission, and
the U.S. Mission to the EU, Brussels,
March 2005
Speaker, “Beyond Kyoto: Moving Climate
Change Policy Forward,” Yale Center for
Environmental Law & Policy and School
of Forestry and Environmental Studies,
Yale University, New Haven, April 2005
Speaker, “Precaution in Single-Risk
versus Multi-Risk Models,” Risk
Assessment Forum, Yale University, New
Haven, April 2005
Discussant, “The Making of
Environmental Law,” commentary on
book and talk by Richard Lazarus,
Resources for the Future, Washington
D.C., May 2005
Discussant, “Global Administrative Law,”
discussant on papers on environmental
and labor law developments, New York
University Law School, April 2005
Speaker, “Hormesis and Regulation,”
Keynote address, Fourth Annual
International Conference on Hormesis,
University of Massachusetts – Amherst,
June 2005
Chair, Search Committee for the
Director of the Nicholas Institute for
Environmental Policy Solutions (NIEPS),
Duke University
Lawrence Zelenak
The Story of Seagram: The Step
Transaction Doctrine on the Rocks, in
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 51

{Profiles
David Gibbs III ’93: Answering a call
David Gibbs III says his mandate
from his clients, Robert and Mary
Schindler, was clear: “To do anything that
we could think of that was legal and proper
to save their daughter’s life.”
Their daughter was Terri
Schiavo. In the last months
leading up to the removal of
her feeding tube and subsequent
death by dehydration on March 31
at a Florida hospice, Gibbs did his best to
satisfy her parents’ request, tirelessly filing
and arguing motions and appeals, lobbying
statehouse and Congress, granting endless
interviews, and distributing a video of
Schiavo to the world media.
Gibbs was fi rst approached by the
Schindlers in 2003 when, he said, the case
seemed to be “pretty much over.”
“I was under the impression, frankly,
that the case involved a brain-dead patient,
and the parents were having
trouble letting go. But while
I listened to them, I started
to feel it involved something
more than that. And the first
time I saw Terri, I was surprised to see
how animated and engaging she was—she
laughed and demonstrated life, love, and
affection to her parents. I truly believed
she wanted to live.” The essential facts,
according to Gibbs—which he maintains
were unchallenged by the autopsy report of
the Pinellas County Medical Examiner that
was released in June—were that Schiavo’s
heart was strong, she was not “terminal,”
and she was brain-injured, not brain-dead.
On taking the case, he and the other
nine attorneys at Gibbs Law Firm, just a
few miles from Schiavo’s Pinellas Park
hospice, cancelled all appointments and
worked around the clock for two days,
52
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
ALUMNI PROFILE
reviewing a legal record that spanned a
decade. After a direct appeal to Governor
Jeb Bush to get involved, they worked
with Florida legislators on what came
to be known as “Terri’s Law.” Florida’s
Supreme Court struck down
Terri’s Law late last year.
Gibbs says the case had an
eerie resemblance to a clemency
petition at that point.
“We were tracking between courts within
hours,” recalled Gibbs, who had become
lead counsel in September 2004. “But even
death penalty cases move on a calendar, and
there are clear rights of appeal. We were
truly up against a life and death clock.”
He started by bringing a petition before
Florida’s trial level probate court, arguing
that the Roman Catholic Church—of
which Schiavo was a member—had a new
position on what constituted “natural”
means of prolonging life.
“In 2000, when the original order [to
remove Schiavo’s feeding tube] was made,
the Church did not offi cially object to
the withholding of food and water. But
in 2004, Pope John Paul II made a very
long statement that distinguished food and
water as unique, natural—as opposed to
unnatural—methods of prolonging life.”
Once that gambit failed, the case moved
through a series of emergency filings,
hearings, and appeals.
Although he maintains that at the
outset he had no idea the Schiavo case
would become the biggest news story of
the moment, Gibbs acknowledges that the
media was, by and large, an ally in his
clients’ legal fight.
“In terms of the public policy debate, the
media was a powerful force in raising this
voiceless, disabled woman to the forefront
of the debate. Otherwise, she could have
died nameless and unknown.”
Gibbs finds some satisfaction in the
fact that the case opened a public discussion
on end-of-life issues, but perceives
differences between American and international
attitudes.
“People here put these issues into a
personal perspective. They said, ‘it’s time
to make a living will or appoint a health
care surrogate.’ People have approached me
and said ‘I now appreciate the time I spend
with my children more.’ It’s caused a lot of
people to think about what life means and
what a disabled life means.
“But the international community saw a
“The Terri Schiavo case will have a legacy impact
that remains to be seen.” David Gibbs III
disabled woman being starved to death in
a way that had the blessing of the courts.
They wanted to understand the moral
authority behind the decision. Here the
U.S. is in Iraq, fi ghting for human rights,
and for decades holding itself out as a
moral authority. [Europeans, for example,]
could not fi gure out how, in the United
States, Terri could be allowed to die in such
a barbaric manner. Even countries that
allow euthanasia oppose death by starvation
and dehydration—death has to be quick,
and administered in a humane manner.”
While acknowledging that had Schiavo’s
wishes regarding her death been in writing
they would have prevailed, he is adamant

DAVID GIBBS III
that the courts should not allow oral
declarations to be honored.
“The Terri Schiavo case will have a legacy
impact that remains to be seen. Courts
and legislators have to ask if this is the
beginning of euthanasia and mercy killing
in America. Will we, at some point, say it’s
kinder to end someone’s life, or will we say
this is wrong? Will we, as a nation, return
to show our historic compassion?
“When courts decide who should live and
who should die, it can create a legal quagmire.
We need to go back to basic presumptions:
Non-terminal patients are entitled to
food and water. We will protect and preserve
their lives. The people of America have to
ask themselves whether they want to be a
compassionate nation or a colder nation.”
Already having been approached by
legislators and groups around the country,
Gibbs will undoubtedly be part of the ongoing
public debate. He has a high profi le as
a religious liberties lawyer, and is general
counsel for the Christian Law Association
(CLA), founded by his father in 1969.
Described on its Web site as a “ministry
of legal helps,” the CLA provides pro-bono
legal assistance to “Bible-believing churches
Profiles
and Christians who are experiencing legal
diffi culty in practicing their religious faith
because of governmental regulation, intrusion,
or prohibition of one form or another.”
Gibbs says he arrived at Duke Law School
intending to follow his father in this arena.
“For me, law was a bit of a calling, wanting
to help people, and I have had the privilege
of being able to serve.” The Schiavo case
represented “an unbelievable opportunity
to make a difference” for Gibbs and his colleagues,
he says.
“We do rest at night with the confi dence
in our hearts that we did what we could.” d
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 53

Profiles
Christine Richards ’79: Content at the top
Christine Richards joined an elite group
June 1 when she took over as executive
vice president, general counsel, and
secretary of FedEx Corporation. Richards
is one of just 73 women currently serving
as corporate counsel for Fortune 500 companies,
according to Corporate
Counsel magazine. She is the
fi rst woman to serve on the
executive committee of FedEx.
Richards joined FedEx in 1984, when
it was a single company, Federal Express
Corporation, which revolutionized the
courier industry by delivering packages
overnight, routing all U.S. freight
through its Memphis, TN, hub.
Having joined a legal department
that had fewer than a dozen
lawyers, Richards now oversees
137 lawyers serving eight diverse
subsidiaries operating in 220
countries and territories, as well
as the parent company’s government affairs
group in Washington, D.C., and its security
operations world wide.
“The fact that FedEx has changed and
grown so much is one reason that I’ve been
able to stay with one company
for more than 20 years and
have such a wonderful series of
opportunities,” said Richards,
who was involved, among other
acquisitions, in the company’s
2004 acquisition of the Kinko’s
chain for $2.4 billion. “I was
able to take advantage of some
of the things that the company
did to grow.”
In her fi rst position as a
regulatory attorney with Federal
Express, Richards worked on the company’s
European expansion. She was also
instrumental in crafting a legal strategy
that resulted in the de-regulation of
interstate trucking.
It worked like this: After Federal Express
opened a regional hub in Oakland, CA,
packages going from San Francisco to Los
Angeles were routed through that hub,
54
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
ALUMNI PROFILE
instead of going through Memphis. Federal
Express was successful on appeal to the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in
challenging the California Public Utilities
Commission’s imposition of trucking tariffs
on the freight, asserting that the Federal
Aviation Act preempted the
states from economically
regulating the rate for services
of a certifi ed air carrier. After
the Supreme Court declined to hear the
regulator’s appeal, the trucking industry
joined Federal Express in a successful push
to pass federal legislation prohibiting the
states from economically regulating the
operations of interstate carriers.
This was a collective effort of which
Richards is particularly proud. “The U.S.
economy benefi ted from greater effi ciency
in our collective trucking
opportunities, and costs
were lower than they would
have been as a result of that
litigation.”
Richards says she’s relished
all of the opportunities she’s
had to take creative approaches
to problems that are signifi cant.
“FedEx really encourages you
to use all of your abilities and
skills, to be curious, to grow
and expand your knowledge.
[The legal team] gives advice and counsel
not only on the legal issues, but also on the
running of the various operations,” said
Richards. “It’s a good place to work if you
like complexity, change, and challenges.”
And the unusual. Having long been
in charge of protecting the company’s
intellectual property and brand, Richards
gets to read movie scripts when the
company is approached to allow its logo
to be used in a production—such fi lms
as “The Addams Family” and “Runaway
Bride” got the go-ahead. A more unusual
request came, said Richards, when FedEx
was offered what amounted to a co-starring
role in the 2000 Tom Hanks vehicle,
“Cast Away.” The plot involves the crash
of a FedEx cargo jet en route to an Asian
hub; the sole survivor, Hanks’ character,
a corporate executive, spends a period of
years marooned on a remote island, his
only company a volleyball—removed from a
sodden FedEx package—and an unopened
box with its
“The fact that FedEx has changed and
grown so much is one reason that I’ve
been able to stay with one company for
more than 20 years.” Christine Richards
CHRISTINE RICHARDS
shipping label
intact.
“Up until
that time, no
operating air
carrier had
ever allowed
an aircraft accident to be portrayed in a
movie using its name, and what would
appear to be its airplane. We had a
discussion about that. The fi lmmakers
had to convince us that this was a good
thing for the storyline and the script,
and once we looked at it, and talked it
over, we thought it was. The story is
about the people involved, the reliability
of the service, and the fact that folks go
above and beyond to deliver and meet
our customers’ needs. We had just a
wonderful reaction to it.”
For fun, Richards raises horses and
competes, as an accomplished adult
amateur, in show-jumping competitions;
she keeps six horses on the property she
shares with her husband, Dan Richards
MBA ’80. Richards travels widely in her
work but says that while it may be for
business, it’s always a pleasure.
“The neat thing is that when you work
with FedEx, it’s like family. So when you
go to foreign locations, and you go to the
operations there, you talk to the people
and we have a common culture and
common bond.” d

Claude Allen ’90: Privileged to serve the president
Claude Allen grew up with lofty aspirations,
and an attitude that the sky was
the limit. The purview of his current job as
domestic policy adviser to President George
W. Bush extends further—into space.
“The job really covers everything from
health care to education, to housing, to
space and everything in between,” said
Allen, laughing. “It’s very exciting. You get
to impact and advise the president on policy
issues across the board.”
While emphasizing that his role is not
to set but to oversee implementation of the
president’s vision through all government
agencies, Allen is quick to list higher education,
immigration, and litigation—medical
liability, class action, and asbestos—as priority
areas for reform.
“Action in all these areas will have lasting
results to benefi t American society,” he said.
What’s the chief skill required to get the
job done?
“Juggling—being able to manage the
myriad of issues that come before us, distill
them down, and weigh them against the
president’s vision. There’s a great deal of
diplomacy and mediation involved.
“My Duke training helped me understand
that you don’t have to know every
‘factoid.’ It helped me come to this job with
a sense of confi dence that I have the skills
necessary to do the job, even though the
issues change every single day.”
Allen speaks fondly of his years at Duke,
where he combined a JD with an LLM in
international and comparative law. He says
he was particularly affected by the death
penalty course he took with Professor
James Coleman.
“I believe that the state has the right to
impose the death penalty, but I have trouble
with how it is applied. Jim Coleman came
to Duke off the heels of the Ted Bundy case,
and convincingly argued that Bundy was
wrongly executed—not because he didn’t
commit the crimes, but on the underlying
conviction, and the evidence that was introduced
to support that conviction. He caught
my attention with that analysis. I appreci-
ated his logic and pursuit of the truth.”
Allen subsequently worked on a death
penalty case in which the issue was not
the guilt of the condemned individual, but
whether the penalty was imposed in a just
manner. His current position allows him
to remain involved; the domestic policy
agenda includes a proposal to train lawyers
and judges to properly conduct and rule on
capital defenses, as well as funds to allow
death row inmates to have access to DNA
testing for the purposes of exoneration.
Although his position highlights domestic
issues, Allen says that his LLM in international
and comparative law comes in handy.
“A lot of domestic policy is closely tied
with foreign policy. For example, with
respect to HIV/AIDS policy, I make sure that
our domestic policy is consistent
with our foreign policy—in each
case we have to focus on provision
of health care and pharmaceuticals,
and target traffi cking in people for
exploitation, including sex traffi cking. We
have to make sure that America continues to
be innovative in research and development.”
Having served since March 2001 as
deputy secretary/chief operating offi cer of
the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Allen expresses “amazement and
tremendous humility” in the trust the president
has placed in him.
“He’s given me a very high privilege and
honor.”
While some have labeled Allen a farright
conservative—he has long been a
champion of abstinence-only sex education,
and counts among his mentors
conservative icons, former Senator Jesse
Helms, to whom he was an aide in the
ALUMNI PROFILE
Profiles
1980s, as well as
Justice Clarence
Thomas—he
sees himself as
both fl exible and
reasonable in the
pursuit of policy
and the pursuit of
excellence in policy
development,
and not easy to
CLAUDE ALLEN
pigeonhole.
In 2003, the president honored
Allen with a nomination to the Fourth
Circuit, but it was blocked in the Senate.
Democrats contended that Allen, then 42,
was inexperienced and overly conservative,
challenging his records as HHS deputy
secretary and as Virginia’s
Secretary of Health and
Human Resources on such
issues as reproductive rights,
sex education, and welfare. Some critics
also accused Allen of homophobia, citing
remarks he made two decades earlier when
he worked as an aide to Helms. While
Allen believes strongly that the president’s
judicial nominees deserve straight up or
“My Duke training...helped me come to
this job with a sense of confidence that
I have the skills necessary to do the job,
even though the issues change every
single day.” Claude Allen
down votes in the Senate, he expresses no
regret about having subjected himself to
the confi rmation process.
“I am now where I am supposed to be. I
enjoy public service, and serve where I am
asked to. It was a privilege to be nominated.
“One of the things I have learned is to
keep a blind eye and a deaf ear. I don’t
take compliments too seriously, lest they
make me prideful, and don’t take criticisms
too harshly, lest they cause me to
become discouraged.” d
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 55

Profiles
Amy Yeung ’06: Committed to community
In the course of a 30-minute conversation
with Amy Yeung, the theme of giving back
to the community comes up repeatedly.
“Whether it’s creating a garden or developing
a cure, to give back to the community
is to have succeeded,” says Yeung, paraphrasing
Ralph Waldo Emerson. “That is
something I truly, deeply believe in. If you
take, you have a responsibility to give back.”
Yeung contributes to the Duke Law
community in many ways, having assumed
a number of key leadership roles:
organizer of ESQ., the Business Law
Society’s annual career symposium; vicepresident
of the Federalist Society; managing
editor of the Duke Journal of Comparative
and International Law, and president
of the Duke Bar Association (DBA), to
name a few. The question of compulsory
legal pro bono for Duke Law students is
one she wants DBA to consider under her
leadership, she says.
“So many Duke Law students are already
involved in the community, however they
defi ne it—through Guardian Ad Litem, the
Public Refugee Program, Street Law, or
56
AMY YEUNG
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
volunteering to teach
children at church
camp. But there is
always a need for
more people to get
involved.”
It’s a philosophy
and practice that
Yeung says she
learned from her
parents while growing
up in Centerville,
Ohio. As a newly immigrated
citizen, her
mother was involved
as a volunteer in
shaping policy within
the public school
system, and in coordinating
efforts of
Japanese-Americans
in Ohio regarding
reparations for internment
during World War II, in addition to
teaching Japanese at Wittenberg University
and in her own school.
“I saw the tangible results that came out
of her volunteer work, and the special effort
she made as a teacher to keep
her students motivated and engaged,”
says Yeung. “That’s why
I like getting involved.”
Following her graduation from the
University of Chicago, Yeung worked as a
paralegal with Williams and Connolly in
Washington, D.C. for two years, in order to
get a sense of what was actually involved in
a legal career. While there, she joined the
Young Republicans, and promptly persuaded
its membership to help with the ongoing
maintenance of a local school and participate
in Habitat for Humanity following the
campaign season.
STUDENT PROFILE
Both organizer and organized, Yeung
spent a year before entering Duke Law
School as a small business consultant,
taking on the reorganization of a satellite
contracting business. Although she had no
formal experience in business, she says the
challenge didn’t phase her.
“When there’s something in front of me,
I may not know how to do it, but I’m not
above asking, and asking a lot of questions
to try to understand the context.”
That’s the underlying philosophy with
which she approached ESQ. 2005, hoping
that it would be a forum where students,
particularly 1Ls, could ask questions of experienced
practitioners in an informal setting,
and thus make a connection between their
classes and their careers.
“A law school education should be about
exploring a range of interests, so that after
graduation, individuals can tailor it—they
can best mesh their work with their personal
goals. And I think ESQ. accomplished
that this year,” says Yeung. It was an unqualifi
ed success; almost 150 students took
advantage of a chance to meet and question
30 business lawyers and leaders.
For her part, while she likes the entrepreneurial
side of business—she
even auditioned for
the reality television show “The
Apprentice” last spring—Yeung
doesn’t think she has a taste for the risk involved.
Having spent the summer working
for Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft LLP in
Washington, D.C., she plans to approach
business from a different angle, through
bankruptcy and white-collar criminal work.
Its appeal has a familiar theme.
“Whether it’s a garden or developing a
cure, to give back to the community is to
have succeeded.” Amy Yeung
“I like the policy element—structuring
the larger system so that people are motivated
to act in the best manner for themselves
and for society.” d

{Around the Law School
DEC JAN FEB APR
Renovation
update:
New wing set
for fall opening
by Tom Metzloff
Anyone who has ever been through a major
construction or renovation project in their house
knows that the price of progress is the occasional
inconvenience and frustration. For the past year, the
Law School has been in the midst of a major project
—the construction of a new $17 million wing and
entrance. Adjoining the Law School near Science
Drive and heading towards Fuqua, the new wing will
truly offer something for everybody—the first floor
will house most of the journals; the second floor will
provide space for all of Duke Law’s clinics; with the
third and fourth floor being offices for faculty. In
addition, the space includes two new seminar rooms.
Construction began last fall, right after the
completion of the major classroom and facade
renovations that were done in the summer of 2004.
The early-going was slow as the site was excavated
and the infrastructure developed, but the shell was
completed by mid-February.
An important part of the project
was the replacement of all the
heating and air conditioning systems
in most of the old building. These
antiquated systems were cramped in
a small penthouse on the roof that
has now been replaced by a much
larger penthouse that houses the
JUNE
For more information on the
renovation project or to contribute
to the building fund, contact:
TOM HADZOR, ASSOCIATE DEAN
FOR ALUMNI & DEVELOPMENT
919.613.7175
hadzor@law.duke.edu
HVAC systems for the old building as well as the new
wing. Unfortunately, all the roof work led to a series of
small leaks that made life miserable for a couple of
days during the spring. But with the new penthouse
now complete, the memories of buckets in the halls
will fade away.
By early summer, the focus was on the interior
walls and electrical systems, and installing the
outside brick masonry and window walls. While we
had initially hoped for completion of the new wing
by the time school started in the fall, we encountered
a number of minor issues and
delays that pushed back the
opening of the new wing until
early October. The rest of the
building was fully operational,
however.
While construction projects
are often met with grumbling
by students, faculty, and staff,
the mood among the Duke Law community has
been almost universally upbeat. In large part, this
is a result of the fact that all students last year
had the benefits of last summer’s renovation—new
classrooms, restrooms, and various other amenities.
So even though there were some disruptions, everyone
received some immediate benefit.
As if the new wing weren’t enough, we also
undertook another classroom project this summer.
There was a small area on the fourth floor near the
moot courtroom that had about five offices and a
small interior conference room. Given our compelling
need for a new mid-sized classroom, we demolished
these spaces and combined them to create a new
classroom that will double as a meeting space for
the faculty. Also included in the project were a new
conference room and an office for the student Moot
Court Board. As with our other summer project, this
$1.1 million renovation was completed on time and on
budget in time for the new school year. d
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 57

Around the Law School
1
3
4 5 6
58
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
2
1. THE CLASS OF 1995
2. J. CARLTON FLEMING ’49 AND ROBERT
LLOYD ’50, TWO OF THE ORIGINAL MEMBERS
OF THE BARRISTER DONOR SOCIETY.
3. SOFTBALL WITH THE CLASS OF 2000
4. GLENN TUCKER ACCEPTS THE REUNION
CHALLENGE AWARD ON BEHALF OF THE
CLASS OF 1980 FROM DEAN BARTLETT
5. JOHN MURRIN ’75, DAVID NAFTZINGER ’73,
AND JAMES LUEBCHOW ’73
6. PROFESSOR JAMES COLEMAN AND
ANNE AKWARI ’95
7. ASSOCIATE DEAN JUDY HOROWITZ WITH
RETURNING INTERNATIONAL ALUMNI
8. THE HONORABLE ALLYSON DUNCAN ’75 AND
THOMAS EDMONDS, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
OF THE VIRGINIA STATE BAR
9. ANNE MARIE TOWLE ’90, CAROLINE
GOTTSCHALK ’90, AND DEANNA OKUN ’90
10. MARCIA AND JUDGE GERALD TJOFLAT ’57
AND DEAN BARTLETT

7
8
9
10
Reunion 2005
Over 500 alumni, family, and friends came
together in Durham April 15-17 to reconnect,
reminisce, and celebrate Duke Law School at
Reunion 2005. The highlights included the Barrister
Society donor reception and the Law Alumni gala
reception, as well as a picnic on a gorgeous Saturday
afternoon. Panel discussions on hot topics in sports
law and retirement issues, and the premiere of
Professor Thomas Metzloff’s “Distinctive Aspects of
American Law” documentary series, offered for CLE
credit, rounded out the weekend program.
William Neal Reynolds Emeritus Professor of Law
Clark Havighurst, who retired in May, was presented
with the A. Kenneth Pye Award for his contributions
to legal education at Duke; Professor Havighurst, a
renowned scholar of antitrust and health care law
and policy, has been on the faculty since 1964. The
award honors the life, work, and character of former
Duke Law Dean and Duke University Chancellor Pye.
The Honorable Allyson Duncan ’75 of the United
States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
received the Charles S. Murphy Award, presented
annually to an alum whose career has been devoted
to public service and education. The award honors
Charles Murphy ’34, who held positions in the
Truman, Kennedy, and Johnson administrations.
Judge Duncan has been devoted to public service
throughout her remarkable career, both within the
legal profession and the wider community. Among
her many initia-
Around the Law School
attorney general over the civil division of the U.S.
Department of Justice; in that position he earned
the Edmond Randolph Award, the highest award
given by the attorney general. He has also received
commendations for outstanding service to the Navy,
the Army Judge Advocate General, and the Federal
Bureau of Investigation. Among many other positions
of service, Hunger is a life member of the Law
School’s Board of Visitors.
Carolyn Gottschalk ’90, a partner at Simpson
Thacher & Bartlett in New York and a new member
of the Law Alumni Association board, won the Young
Alumni Award for 2005. The award recognizes an
alumna or
tives as president
of the North
Carolina Bar
Mark your calendars for the next Reunion Weekend:
APRIL 21-23, 2006
alumnus who
graduated
with the last
Association, she For more information, please visit www.law.duke.edu/alumni/reunions.htm 15 years, who
worked to secure
has made
adequate funding for programs within the state’s significant contributions and leadership and service
judicial system, such as the Guardian Ad Litem to the Law School. Gottschalk, who served on her
Program and Dispute Resolution Centers. She has reunion committee, is unfailingly generous with her
also served on the executive committees of the North time to Duke Law students and graduates. She has
Carolina Center for Public Policy Research and the made numerous trips to Durham to speak to stu-
North Carolina Leadership Institute. Judge Duncan dents, has organized events for admitted students
joined the Law School’s Board of Visitors in July. at her firm, and served as a member of the Future
The Charles S. Rhyne Award, honoring an alum- Forum from 2001-2005.
nus in private practice who has made significant
Winners of the first annual Reunion Challenge
contributions to public service, was presented to Awards were the Class of 1960, for the highest par-
Frank Hunger ’65. Hunger, who is now of counsel ticipation in the class gift, and the Class of 1980,
to Covington & Burling in Washington, D.C., spent both for the highest reunion weekend attendance
almost 30 years as a trial lawyer in Mississippi, and the largest reunion class gift. The 2005 reunion
specializing in product liability, toxic tort, and com- classes contributed $833,106 to the Annual Fund in
mercial issues. In 1993, he became the assistant gifts and pledges. d
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 59

Around the Law School
60
2005 AWARD
WINNERS
A number of individual students from the
2005 graduating class were recognized
during graduation weekend for special
achievement.
The Justin Miller Graduation Awards
were chosen by a committee that reviewed
student nominations. Those recognized
included Leslie Cooley (citizenship),
David Prestwood (integrity), Scott
Edson (intellectual curiosity), and
Vikram Patel (leadership).
The faculty also singled out a number
of students for their accomplishments in
various legal specialty and community
achievement categories. Legal specialty
honorees included Chris Baird
(Administrative Practice and Government
Regulation), Amy Mason and
Katy Soby (Business Organization
and Finance), Stephen Kessing
(Commercial Transactions and Bankruptcy),
Mark Sigmon (Constitutional Law and
Civil Rights), Scott Edson (Criminal
Law and Procedure), Kara Moorcroft
(Dispute Resolution), Johanna Stein
and Molly Donovan (Family Law),
Andrew Hecht (Interdisciplinary
Studies), Angela Rafoth (International,
Transnational and Comparative Law), Matt
Block and Caleb Groos (Intellectual
Property and Technology), Chris Hart
(Legal Theory), Clayton Jernigan
(Property Law), and Ashley Grier
(Tax and Estate Planning).
The following students were also
recognized by faculty for their special
leadership achievements: Stacy Hauf
(Advocacy Award), Vikram Patel
and Brett Stohs (Community Award),
Nobuki Sanagawa (LLM Award for
Leadership & Community Participation),
Leslie Cooley (Pro Bono Service
Award), and Janey Rountree and
Janna Lewis (Public Service Award). d
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
Duke Law celebrates
the Class of 2005
The Honorable J. Harvie Wilkinson III,
former chief judge of the United States
Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit,
shared his views on judicial activism and
his vision for the federal courts when he
addressed Duke Law graduates and their
guests at the Law School’s hooding ceremony
May 14 at Cameron Indoor Stadium. The
210 successful JD candidates in the class of
2005 included 19 who also earned the LLM
degree in international and comparative
law, and 28 who earned other joint-degrees.
Seventy-one graduates earned the LLM in
American law, and the Law School awarded
one Master of Legal Studies degree.
While observing that certain instances
of judicial intervention—such as that
in Brown v. Board of Education—can be
well justifi ed, Judge Wilkinson called for
greater judicial deference to the democratic
branches of the federal government
in setting policy, particularly on matters
of national security and the expansion of
science and technology. Elected representatives,
as opposed to appointed judges,
should be the voice of the people on those
controversial and potentially divisive issues
in the next 20 years, he said.
“I hope you will remember that a public
decision with which one disagrees is often
more acceptable if it is made through the
political process, in which the losers had
their chance to participate, than if it is
made wholly through the courts. In this
sense, a restoration of restraint assists the
restoration of good will, because democratic
governance gives everyone their say.”
Though Judge Wilkinson said that
it would be a mistake for the courts to
retreat from their obligation to protect
the freedoms and rights of citizens, he
warned against celebrating courtroom
victories. “The often-pleasing results of
rulings are not to be confused with defensible
principles.”
He left the graduates with some words of
caution regarding the use of power.
“The measure of greatness is sometimes
not in the possession of power, but in
restraint in its exercise.”
In her remarks to the graduates, Dean
Katharine T. Bartlett praised their remarkable
record of student engagement at the
Law School; their many accomplishments
included establishing more than seven new
clubs, raising record amounts of money
to support public interest fellowships,
contributing to the Duke Bar Association’s
2004 American Bar Association National
Achievement Award as the best law student
government in the country, and achieving
record participation in their class gift. Dean
Bartlett expressed the hope that they had
been transformed by Duke Law, just as the
School had benefi ted from their presence.
“I hope you have a greater and more
mature sense of commitment – to a chosen
profession, perhaps to a signifi cant other
you brought here or have found while you
have been here, and to friends. I hope you
have become tougher—mentally and emotionally—and
also more respectful of others,
especially those unlike yourselves.”
Mangyo Kinoshita of Japan also spoke
of transcending differences in his address
to his fellow LLMs, who hailed from 33
countries.
“Some of our countries still have battles,
confl icts, and political problems, as
well as important legal issues, which are
things that we, as mere law students, could
not solve by ourselves. Yet we all discussed
those issues and exchanged our ideas
and opinions seriously in the past nine

months. Through those discussions, we
understood each other better, though probably
not perfectly, and we certainly felt that
we created intimate and eventually irreplaceable
friendships. And we do strongly
hope that someday we can actually change
those things together.”
Speaking on behalf of the graduating
JDs, Thomas McCudden urged his
classmates to revel in the endeavors and
options that lie ahead.
“Hard work is indeed ahead, but when
you fi nd work you care about and that
excites you, you’ll actually enjoy the work.
The bar exam is just another challenge, one
we’re all more than capable of meeting.
Bills—those are real, but so are the signifi -
cant accomplishments in law, government,
and a host of other fi elds that lie ahead for
us. With the talent and energy I have seen
over the last three years among my fellow
students, I have no doubt about that.
“Perhaps even better, we can look forward
to the luxury of choice. We
can do anything we want to do
—from big fi rm to small, government
to public interest. Not
to mention all of the possibilities
outside the law itself. Really, with
so many opportunities, there is
no excuse for not being happy.”
Board of Visitors Chair Peter
Kahn ’76 closed the ceremony
by welcoming the newly-hooded
class into the family of Duke
alumni. He reminded them of
the values of the Duke Blueprint
to LEAD (Lawyer Education And
Development) and specifi cally
of the Blueprint panel he sat on
during the JD students’ orientation,
the first time he spoke to
them. He urged them to utilize
the networking and mentoring
relationships available to them
through Duke alumni.
“Take advantage of the opportunity—
become active in your local Duke Law
alumni organizations, meet with leading
alumni in your community, let them help
you get established in your careers, seek out
their advice, and then join them and other
alumni in ensuring that future law students
at Duke have the same opportunity for a
fi rst rate education that you have had.” d
–Shanda King
THOMAS McCUDDEN
MANGYO KINOSHITA
Around the Law School
THE HONORABLE J. HARVIE WILKINSON III
ADAM SHULMAN, ELIZABETH SHAW, AND HAYLEY WEIMER
ALYCIA CARTER, JOY GANES, STEPHANIE BRADFORD,
AND CARMEN McCUTCHEON
CW FROM TOP LEFT:
DAVID PRESTWOOD,
MICHAEL LEVIN,
SCOTT MESELSON,
AND JASON GELMAN
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 61

Around the Law School
DUKE BLUEPRINT
WINS ABA’S
GAMBRELL
PROFESSIONALISM
AWARD
The Duke Blueprint to LEAD (Lawyer
Education and Development) has been
has been awarded the prestigious E.
Smythe Gambrell Professionalism
Award by the American Bar
Association Standing Committee on
Professionalism. The annual Gambrell
Professionalism Award recognizes
projects contributing to the understanding
of professionalism among lawyers.
Duke Law School was one of only two
recipients this year.
In announcing the award, the chair
of the Gambrell selection committee
said he was “particularly impressed
with the depth and excellence of [Duke
Law’s] program and [its] obvious commitment
to professionalism.”
The award was presented to the
Office of Student Affairs at the annual
ABA meeting in August.
Also at the August meeting, Vikram
Patel ’05, 2004-05 president of the
Duke Bar Association, was recognized
with the Law Student Division’s award
for the top student bar association president,
and Matthew Christensen ’05 was
named one of the best law school-ABA
liaisons.d
62
“DUKE LAW STUDENTS
WILL HAVE THE
OPPORTUNITY TO
DO ADVANCED COURT
WORK UNDER THE
SUPERVISION OF THE
GAL ATTORNEY IN THE
COMING YEAR.
ASSOC. DEAN CAROL SPRUILL
”
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
}
DUKE LAW’S GUARDIAN AD LITEM
PROGRAM WINS N.C. BAR AWARD
Duke Law’s Guardian ad Litem (GAL) Program
has won the North Carolina Bar Association’s
Outstanding Law Student Pro Bono Project Award
for 2005. Outgoing GAL leader Matt Leerberg
’06 and his successor, Chris Richardson ’07,
accepted the award at the NCBA convention in
Asheville on June 24.
In the 2004-05 academic year, 22 Duke Law
students volunteered as Guardians ad Litem,
making long-term commitments to be the courtappointed
representatives for allegedly abused and
neglected children in Durham. Following 25 hours
of training by the Durham County GAL program, the
students were each assigned to represent children
whose parents had been charged with abuse and
neglect by the Department of Social Services,
committing to two- and three-year terms so that
the children, whose lives are frequently disrupted,
could establish consistent and
trusting relationships. The
students spent time
MATT LEERBERG ’06 AND CHRIS RICHARDSON ’07
In June, Heather Holloway ’05 was awarded an
Outstanding Student Award from the Clinical Legal
Education Association (CLEA), a national association
of clinical professors of law and others involved
in clinical legal education. The CLEA award recognizes
law students who have excelled in a clinical
course in law school. Holloway was nominated for
the award by the Duke Law clinical faculty.
Holloway received the award for her work in the
Children’s Education Law Clinic, particularly for
the work she did representing a high school senior
who was facing permanent expulsion from school
with their young clients and interviewed parents
and various authorities in order to inform the court
about the case and assist the judges in making
their decisions.
Associate Dean of Public Interest and Pro
Bono Carol Spruill applauds Leerberg’s leadership
in recruiting students to the program as well as
securing training slots for them with the Durham
County GAL program. Last spring, he began adding
another dimension to the program: periodic
meetings of the Duke Law GAL students to hear
about one another’s cases, offer support and
advice, and listen to speakers talk on subjects of
common interest.
“I am thrilled that Matt stepped forward to
build up this program and look forward to it
continuing to thrive,” said Spruill. “Thanks to the
efforts of another student GAL leader, 3L Wyley
Proctor, Duke Law students will have the opportunity
to do advanced court work under the supervision
of the GAL attorney in the coming year.”
While the GAL program represents a significant
time commitment, Leerberg said that he and
his fellow student volunteers benefit as much as
the children they serve.
“The children I represent are constantly on my
mind, and attending custody and review hearings
sometimes pulls me out of class more than I’d like.
Nevertheless, the union of analytical training in the
classroom with advocacy training in the field provides
a richer educational experience than I could
achieve with books alone.” d
HEATHER HOLLOWAY ’05 WINS AWARD
FOR OUTSTANDING CLINIC WORK
for an incident off school property; after being
found with explosives in his car during a routine
traffic stop, he was charged with possession
of weapons of mass destruction. As a result of
Holloway’s efforts—she handled his case through
an evidentiary hearing, in an appeal before the
Board of Education, and then in state Superior
Court—the student is expected to obtain his
diploma with the rest of his classmates.
Holloway is currently clerking for the New York
Superior Appellate Court, Fourth Division,
in Rochester. d

{Alumni Notes
1941
Guillermo Moscoso is active
as a political analyst and
columnist in San Juan, Puerto
Rico. A retired lawyer and
executive, his career focused
on the oil industry and
banking. Mr. Moscoso is married to Kitty
Kerrigan and has four daughters, Sandra,
Brenda, Bettina, and Mariela.
1957
Gerald B. Tjofl at, circuit judge on the
United States Court of Appeals for the
Eleventh Circuit, received an honorary
degree during Stetson University College
of Law’s spring commencement in
Gulfport, FL on May 14, 2005. Judge Tjofl at
is a past recipient of Duke Law School’s
Charles S. Murphy Award.
1960
Rufus Hill, a retired Washington, D.C.
attorney, has published a collection of
writings, Thad Duval from Robertson. The
title novel is a love story set in 1961, against
a southern backdrop. It can be ordered
from Authorhouse.com.
1961
Edgar B. Fisher, Jr., of Brooks, Pierce,
McLendon, Humphrey and Leonard of
Greensboro, NC has been voted by his
peers as a leading attorney in real estate
law in Business North Carolina’s annual
“Legal Elite.”
1962
John H. Adams, president and founder of
the Natural Resources Defense Council,
was awarded an honorary degree from
Duke University during commencement
exercises on May 15, 2005. Prior to his
work at NRDC, he served as an assistant
U.S. Attorney for the Southern District
of New York. He has also taught clinical
environmental law at New York University’s
School of Law for 26 years.
1965
Frank W. Hunger, of counsel at Covington
& Burling in Washington, D.C. was awarded
the Law Alumni Association’s Charles S.
Murphy Award during Reunion 2005. (See
story, page 59.)
1966
E.D. Gaskins, Jr. received the Wake
County Bar Association’s Joseph Branch
Professionalism Award. This award is given
annually to a Wake County attorney whose
ethics, integrity, and service to clients, the
community, and the legal profession mirror
the standards set by its namesake, a former
chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme
Court. E.D. is managing partner of Everett,
Gaskins, Hancock & Stevens in Raleigh.
Carolyn McCue Osteen, LLM ’70, a partner
with Ropes and Gray in Boston, has been
selected by her peers for inclusion in The
Best Lawyers in America 2005-2006.
1968
Jacob A. Bouknight has been elected
as the executive vice president and
general counsel of Edison International.
Bouknight was previously a partner in
the Washington, D.C. offi ce of Steptoe &
Johnson. He has chaired the antitrust and
electricity committees of the American
Bar Association section of public utility,
communications, and transportation law.
William L. Patton, a partner with Ropes
and Gray in Boston, has been selected by
his peers for inclusion in The Best Lawyers
in America 2005-2006.
1969
Norman Donoghue, II retired from 33 years
of law practice at Dechert in Philadelphia
and is now planned giving director of The
Philadelphia Orchestra.
Richard A. Horning, a partner in the
Silicon Valley law fi rm Tomlinson Zisko,
was selected by his peers for the second
consecutive year as a “Northern California
Super Lawyer,” in the area of intellectual
property. Horning and his wife, Joanne,
were also recently honored by the Susan
G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation in San
Francisco.
Alexander Newton was sworn in as mission
director for Mali at the United States
Agency for International Development
(USAID). He directs one of the largest U.S.
aid programs in Africa, totaling approximately
$40 million. The program’s aim is to
strengthen Mali’s democratic institutions,
promote accelerated economic growth,
and improve education and health services.
1972
Walter Manley II recently completed his
fi fth book, History of the Supreme Court
of Florida, Volume Two, to be published
by the University Press of Florida. The
fi rst volume was nominated for the
Littleton-Griswold Prize in American
Law and Society. Appointed to the Great
Floridians Nominating Committee, Manley
also recently accepted an appointment
by Governor Jeb Bush to be director of
Workforce Florida.
John Wester, a partner with
Robinson, Bradshaw & Hinson
in Charlotte, NC has been
elected as a fellow of the
American Bar Association by
the ABA board. Fellows are
attorneys, judges and law professors who
have demonstrated outstanding dedication
to their communities and the highest
principles of the legal profession.
1974
Lawrence Gostin has been appointed
associate dean for research and academic
programs at Georgetown University Law
Center. He will be responsible for matters
related to faculty research and scholarship
and for major issues of curriculum design
and innovation. Gostin, a professor at the
Law Center, also taught at Johns Hopkins
University and directed the Center for Law
and the Public’s Health at Johns Hopkins
and Georgetown Universities.
Donna C. Gregg has been named chief of
the Federal Communications Commission
Media Bureau, the offi ce charged with handling
most of the agency’s oversight of the
television business. Since 2002, Gregg had
been general counsel for the Corporation
for Public Broadcasting in Washington, D.
C. She taught telecommunications law and
policy at Duke Law School in 2002 and
2003.
Ronald Janke has been appointed
chairman of the Ohio Water Resources
Council Advisory Group. The organization’s
key responsibilities are for water resources
management and to act as a representative
for the governor’s offi ce.
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 63

Alumni Notes
1975
Frederick Brown has been appointed
partner in charge of the San Francisco
offi ce of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher. He is
a member of the intellectual property
and litigation practice group and focuses
his practice on patent infringement
and complex commercial cases and
arbitrations. He also teaches trial skills for
the National Institute of Trial Advocacy and
for the Intensive Advocacy Program at the
University of San Francisco School of Law.
Allyson K. Duncan, who serves on the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit,
was awarded the Charles S. Rhyne Award
during Reunion 2005 by the Law Alumni
Association. (See story, page 59.)
James L. Fogle, a partner with Thompson
Coburn in St. Louis, MO was recently
elected vice president of Life Skills
Foundation’s Board of Directors. Life
Skills Foundation helps people with
developmental and other disabilities to
work and live with dignity.
John A. Howell joined McKenna Long
& Aldridge’s government contracts
department in Washington, D.C. as a
partner in March 2005. He previously
practiced with Dorsey and Whitney.
Bill Trull has joined with Roger Cumbie to
open the Cumbie and Trull School of Real
Estate in Asheville, NC. The school offers
pre-licensing and continuing education
courses for real estate professionals.
He is also a principal in Course Doctors,
Inc., headquartered in Flat Rock, NC
which builds and renovates golf courses
nationwide.
1976
Russell M. Frandsen has joined Reed
Smith’s corporate and securities group
in its Los Angeles offi ce. Formerly with
Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, he has
extensive experience with mergers and
acquisitions, as well as with general
corporate and securities matters for
predominantly middle-market clients.
John B. Gontrum has been elected partner
in the real estate and land use law group
of Whiteford, Taylor & Preston. He is also
active in the Baltimore community, serving
as president of the Baltimore County Bar
Association, vice chairman of the Franklin
Square Hospital Board, and board member
of the YMCA of Central Maryland.
1977
Michael A. Ellis, formerly of the law fi rm
of Kahn Kleinman, has joined the fi rm
of Porter, Wright, Morris & Arthur in its
Cleveland, OH offi ce.
64
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
Edward Hinson, a partner in the law fi rm
of James, McElroy & Diehl in Charlotte, NC
has received the 2005 James Gray Cannon
Award from the Mecklenburg Medical
Alliance. The award is presented annually
to an individual who has demonstrated
exceptional volunteer leadership toward
the advancement of medical care and
good health in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg
community. Hinson also serves as a NC
State Bar counselor and chair of the ethics
committee.
George C. Leef is the executive director of
the John William Pope Center for Higher
Education Policy in Raleigh, NC. His book,
Free Choice for Workers: A History of the
Right to Work Movement, was published in
April by Jameson Books.
Heloise Merrill, a partner with Parker Poe
Adams & Bernstein in Charlotte, NC has
been named to the board of directors
of Women Executives, an organization
founded 29 years ago to provide career–
oriented women a forum for professional
and personal interaction.
1978
Richard Niess was elected to a six-year
term as Dane County (WI) Circuit Court
judge in April 2005. He was appointed
to that bench in November, 2004, by
Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle, after 26
years in private practice as a civil trial
lawyer.
Michael Dockterman, a partner with
Wildman Harrold Allen & Dixon in Chicago,
has been named one of the top 100 Illinois
“Super Lawyers” for 2005 in a Law and
Politics survey. He was also recognized
as a Super Lawyer in the area of business
litigation.
Wendy C. Perdue has been appointed
associate dean for graduate programs at
Georgetown University Law Center. She is
responsible for the law center’s graduate
programs, including its LLM programs
in international legal studies, taxation,
securities and fi nancial regulation, and
national securities studies. She was
most recently the associate dean for
research and the associate dean for the
JD program.
Pamela Peters has been named president
of the Florida Philanthropic Network, Inc.,
a coalition of Florida’s most infl uential
private foundations, community
foundations, and corporate funders of
nonprofi t enterprise.
Chris Sawyer, a partner with Alston &
Bird in Atlanta, GA has received the 2005
Lifetime Achievement Award from the
Chattahoochee Nature Center for his
efforts to protect the river’s banks. Chris
oversaw the creation of the Chattahoochee
River Greenway project, which raised more
than $160 million and encouraged property
owners to donate land for open space. He
served for seven years as chairman of the
National Trust for Public Land.
Steven J. Shimberg has joined DLA Piper
Rudnick Gray Cary in the government
affairs practice group as of counsel.
He was formerly a member of the
senior management team at the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. He has
also served as vice president for federal
and international affairs at the National
Wildlife Federation and as Republican
staff director and chief counsel for the U.S.
Senate.
Karen Jackson Vaughn has joined Saul
Ewing in Philadelphia, PA, as its diversity
program manager. She comes to the fi rm
from Temple University’s Beasley School
of Law, where she was assistant dean for
career planning.
1979
Valerie Broadie joined the senior staff
of the National SAFE KIDS Campaign
in January 2005 as chief development
offi cer, responsible for development
strategy for National SAFE KIDS and
SAFE KIDS Worldwide. She has been an
institutional development executive for 20
years, most recently for the University of
Maryland, where she served as assistant
vice president for development. Previously,
she spent four years at Children’s National
Medical Center, the parent organization of
SAFE KIDS, as director of planned giving.
Gary Jackson has formed a new Charlotte,
NC law fi rm called The Jackson Law
Group, which represents consumers
injured by defective products or corporate
misconduct, defrauded investors, and
property owners who have suffered losses
because of construction defects.
Christine P. Richards has been appointed
executive vice president, general counsel,
and secretary of FedEx Corporation. (See
story, page 54.)
Jon Yergler, a partner at Lowndes,
Drosdick, Doster, Kantor and Reed in
Orlando, has been selected by his peers for
inclusion in The Best Lawyers in America in
real estate for 2005-06.
1980
James O. Brown has joined
Warner Norcross & Judd as
partner in the Holland, MI
offi ce. He concentrates his
practice on advising business owners and
real estate developers in a wide range of
transactional matters, including business
formation, acquisitions, succession
planning, and condominium development.
Prior to joining Warner Norcross, he was a
partner with Scholten Fant.
TELL US WHAT YOU ARE DOING:

James Crouse and his wife, Edna,
announce the birth of their son, Joshua
Teague Crouse, on April 30, 2005. Joshua
joins his sisters, Sarah and Caroline. Jim
opened his own law fi rm in Raleigh, NC in
2000.
Anne Katherine Ford has been named
national chair of the trademark, copyright,
and media group of the law fi rm DLA Piper
Rudnick Gray Cary, where she is a member
of its policy committee. She is based in its
Washington, D.C. offi ce.
Alan M. Mitchel has been appointed senior
vice president of business and legal affairs,
and chief legal offi cer at SCOLR Pharma,
Inc. a biopharmaceutical company in
Bellevue, WA.
1981
Mark H. Mirkin has joined Moore & Van
Allen in the Research Triangle, NC offi ce.
His practice will focus on corporate
and securities law with an emphasis on
d
CLASS OF 1987
www.law.duke.edu/alumni/alumdir/update.html
entrepreneurship and emerging growth
companies.
Irene Keyse-Walker, a partner with
Tucker Ellis & West and chair of the fi rm’s
appellate group, was recently designated
as one of “Ohio’s Super Lawyers” by
Cincinnati Magazine and also ranked in
the top 50 among female Ohio lawyers.
“Super Lawyers” are the top fi ve percent
of attorneys in Ohio, as chosen by their
peers and through independent research
performed by the publishers of Law &
Politics Magazine.
1982
Karen K. Blose has been named a
principal and general counsel at Hillier
Architecture in Princeton, NJ.
James Dever sworn in as a
United States district judge
Peter Cotorceanu is an attorney in
the international tax group of Baker &
McKenzie in Zurich, Switzerland. Previously
he was an associate professor of law at
Washburn University School of Law in
Topeka, KS and an adjunct professor of law
at William and Mary Law School in Virginia.
James C. Dever III was sworn in as a United States district judge on May 3, 2005, having
been appointed by President George W. Bush and unanimously confirmed by the
United States Senate.
Originally nominated as a U.S. District Judge in 2002, Dever became a U.S. magistrate
judge for the Eastern District of North Carolina in February 2004. Until he became
a judge he practiced civil litigation at Maupin Taylor in Raleigh, specializing in employment
and commercial litigation.
Dever received his BBA from the University of Notre Dame, with high honors, in
1984, having attended on a four-year ROTC scholarship. While at Duke Law School,
Dever served as editor-in-chief of the Duke Law Journal and graduated with high honors.
He was a member of the Order of the Coif.
Following his graduation, Dever served for one year as a law clerk for Judge J.
Clifford Wallace of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, after which he fulfilled
his military commitment arising from his ROTC scholarship. Dever was the sole
attorney entering active duty in the Air Force in 1988 selected
to serve in the Air Force General Counsel’s Honors Program at
the Pentagon. He served on active duty in the Air Force at the
Pentagon from 1988 until 1992.
Dever left active duty as a captain in September 1992,
returned to North Carolina, and joined Maupin Taylor. He also
has taught employment law as an adjunct law professor at
Campbell University’s Norman Adrian Wiggins School of Law
since 1997.
The Eastern District of North Carolina encompasses 44 of
North Carolina’s 100 counties, running from Wake County to the
coast. Judge Dever’s chambers are in Raleigh, where he lives
with his wife, Amy, and their three children. d
Alumni Notes
Brooks Eason has joined
McGlinchey Stafford as
partner in the commercial
litigation section of the Jackson,
MS offi ce. His practice focuses on
commercial disputes and the defense of
employment discrimination claims.
James F. Wyatt, III has been voted by his
peers as a leading attorney in criminal
defense law in Business North Carolina’s
annual “Legal Elite.”
1983
Linda Markus Daniels has received
the Business Leader Magazine’s 2004
“Woman Extraordinaire” award,
the North Carolina Electronics and
Information Technologies Association
2004 award for “outstanding service in
the area of IT Support Services,” and the
Triangle Business Journal’s 2004 “Women
in Business” award given to top business
leaders in the Research Triangle Park
area.
Bruce Ruzinsky, a partner in the
bankruptcy and litigation sections of the
Houston offi ce of Jackson Walker, was
recently designated as a “Super Lawyer”
by Texas Monthly magazine for 2004.
“Super Lawyers” are the top fi ve percent
of attorneys in Texas, as chosen by their
peers and through independent research
performed by the publishers of Law &
Politics Magazine.
Michael L. Spafford has joined the
Washington, D.C. offi ce of McKee
Nelson as a partner to help establish the
fi rm’s white-collar investigations and
enforcement practice.
1984
James Grier Hoyt has joined Linowes and
Blocher as a partner in the real estate
transactions group in the Bethesda, MD
offi ce. He was previously a partner at
Venable.
Steven Lepper has assumed command
of the Air Force Legal Services Agency,
the Air Force organization responsible
for providing criminal and civil litigation
support to commanders worldwide.
William Mackie, an assistant U.S. attorney
in Knoxville, TN has been assigned to the
counter-terrorism task force. He will also
continue as lead attorney in the special
prosecutions unit that targets public
corruption and fraud.
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 65

Alumni Notes
1985
Lynn Stansel, vice president
and counsel at Montefi ore
Medical Center in the Bronx, NY has
been elected chair of the New York State
Bar Association’s 1275-member health
law section. She oversees compliance
activities as well as government audits
and investigations at the medical center.
Prior to Montfi ore, she served as an
attorney for Sloan-Kettering Cancer
Center. Stansel holds a master’s degree in
hospital administration.
Mark O. Costley is an attorney with Walker
& Lambe in Durham, specializing in tax
and estate planning. He and his wife,
Margaret T’83, live in Chapel Hill with their
daughters, Eleanor and Audrey.
1986
Alan Fishel, a partner at the Arent Fox law
fi rm in Washington, D.C., has developed an
educational card game called GeoPlunge.
It was recently awarded the “Smart Play/
Smart Toy, Product of Excellence” by Dr.
Toy.
Richard Seamon, associate professor of
law at the University of Idaho College of
Law was presented with the 2005 Peter E.
Heiser Award for Excellence in Teaching by
the student body.
James Smith has joined Nokia Corporation
as global director of intellectual property
rights for licensing. He will split his time
between Dallas, Helsinki, and London. He
was previously managing partner in Dewey
Ballantine’s Austin, TX offi ce.
Lisa D. Taylor, a partner with St. John &
Wayne, was named one of the “Top 100
New Jersey Superlawyers” by New Jersey
Monthly Magazine in May 2005. She was
also appointed to a fourth term as vice
chair of the American Health Lawyers
Association Physician Organization
Practice Group.
Gao Xiqing was awarded The International
Alumni Achievement Award by the Law
Alumni Association. (See profi le, page 22.)
1987
Roger Bilodeau has joined the Ottawa,
Ontario offi ce of Heenan Blaikie.
Frank E. Derby has been
named partner at Fox
Rothschild in the Princeton, NJ
offi ce.
James A. Thomas has joined
Parker Poe Adams & Bernstein as a partner
in its Raleigh, NC offi ce. His practice
focuses on intellectual property matters,
66
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
d
CLASS OF 1987
Bjorgvinsson takes seat on
European Court of Human Rights
David Thor Bjorgvinsson LLM ’87 began his position as a judge of the European Court
of Human Rights in Strasbourg, France, in November 2004, having been nominated for
the post by the government of Iceland, and approved by a vote of the Parliamentary
assembly of the Council of Europe.
Bjorgvinsson came to the Court with extensive experience in academia and international
judicial matters. A member of the law faculty at the University of Iceland from
1988 to 2003, he took leave to work for the European Free Trade Association Court,
located in Geneva, from 1993 to 1996, and again from 1999 until 2003. He joined the
faculty of the Reykjavik University School of Law in 2003. Much of Bjorgvinsson’s
scholarly work focused on legal theory and European law, including the European
Convention of Human Rights, alleged violations of which are dealt with by the European
Court of Human Rights.
Bjorgvinsson explains that judges rule on admissibility of cases sitting as three-judge
panels, and hear many cases in panels of seven. The most important cases are heard
by a Grand Chamber of 17 judges.
“I hope that I can, together with my colleagues here at the Court, contribute to the
improved protection of fundamental rights on a European level,” said Bjorgvinsson,
noting that among the member states to the Convention are the former communist
regimes of eastern Europe, some of the former Soviet republics, and Turkey. “The overall
aim of the Council of Europe and the European Convention on Human Rights is the
advancement of democracy, rule of law, and fundamental human rights. In some of the
member states, there is still a long way to go.”
The biggest challenge for the Court is its extremely heavy case-load, he said; there
are currently around 80,000 cases pending before it. “It has been said that the Court is,
in this sense, a victim of its own success.” The Court was originally established in 1959
and has sat as a full-time Court since 1998.
Bjorgvinsson, who is married to Svala Ólafsdóttir and has four children, has remained
close to Duke. In particular, he said, “My deepest respect goes to my supervisor,
Professor Martin Golding, whose sharp mind and insights have inspired me ever since.”d
including trademark and copyright law. He
also regularly advises clients in the areas
of Internet and domain name law, licensing
and business transactions, and life sciences
and biotechnology law. He also serves as
president of the Triangle chapter of the
British American Business Council.
Yan Xuan has joined Oracle Corporation as
vice president of government and business
development, based in Beijing. He was
previously with Microsoft Corporation.
1988
Jonathan M. Crotty, a partner with Parker
Poe Adams and Bernstein in Charlotte, NC
has been voted by his peers as a leading
attorney in employment law for 2005, in
Business North Carolina’s annual “Legal
Elite.”
Elisabeth Dominkovits is a lawyer for
the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in
Brussels.
David E. Friedman has been promoted at
Citigroup Global Markets, Inc. to director,
equity fi nance.
Kelley S. Grady has joined Ballard Spahr
Andrews & Ingersoll’s litigation department
and product liability and mass tort group,
as partner in the Philadelphia, PA offi ce.
1989
Kenji Kuroda has opened an offi ce of the
Kuroda Law Firm in Shanghai; the fi rm also
has an offi ce in Tokyo. The fi rm specializes
in patent law, intellectual property rights,
investment, fi nance, commerce, and trade
issues.
Brian McCoy and Mark Hurt argued
Graham County Soil & Water Conservation
District, et al., v. United States Ex. Rel. Karen
T. Wilson in the U.S. Supreme Court in April
2005. They prepared with a moot at Duke
Law School.
TELL US WHAT YOU ARE DOING:

Kenneth A. Murphy joined Saul Ewing’s
Philadelphia offi ce as partner in July 2004.
He is a member of the litigation department
and the co-chair of the fi rm’s diversity
committee. Prior to joining Saul Ewing,
He was a partner at Miller, Alfano & Raspanti,
also in Philadelphia.
Marsha Sajer, an associate at the Harrisburg,
PA offi ce of Kirkpatrick & Lockhart
Nicholson Graham has been appointed by
Secretary of Defense Donald H. Rumsfeld
to serve on the Defense Department’s
independent review panel to study the
relationships between military department
general counsels and judge advocates
general.
David Starr has been promoted to deputy
general counsel of Belo Corporation in
Dallas, one of the nation’s largest media
companies. He has been with the company
since 2000.
Binxue Sang has moved to the Jun He Law
Offi ces in Shanghai, where he is a partner.
Sang specializes in foreign investment in
China, cross-border fi nancing, mergers and
acquisition, real estate/construction, and
international arbitration.
1990
Michael Scott French has co-founded the
law fi rm Wargo & French in Atlanta, GA.
Michael Kabat serves as managing partner
of the fi rm. The fi rm has 17 attorneys
who practice in the areas of complex
commercial and class action litigation,
intellectual property litigation, corporate
and securities law, labor and employment
law, and alternative dispute resolution.
Caroline B. Gottschalk, a partner at
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett was awarded
the Young Alumni Award at Reunion
2005 by the Law Alumni Association.
(See story, page 59.)
Xiaoming Li has joined White & Case as
partner and heads up the fi rm’s Beijing
offi ce. He was previously with King and
Wood in Beijing.
Jeffrey Lichtman and his wife,
Nance Dickinson, announce the
birth of their sons, Jackson and
Grant. The identical twins were
born on August 16, 2004.
Kip I. Plankinton married Maria Martineau
in Dallas, TX on February 19, 2005.
Previously in Houston, he has moved to the
Dallas offi ce of Fulbright & Jaworski.
Lawrence Silverman has been named
to head up the 75-lawyer litigation
department of the Miami offi ce of Akerman
d CLASS
www.law.duke.edu/alumni/alumdir/update.html
Senterfi tt. He has also been ranked in
“America’s Leading Business Lawyers”
by Chambers & Partners USA for Florida
antitrust.
Elizabeth Zirkle Waetzig and her husband,
Chad, announce the birth of their daughter
Julia Frances, on November 30, 2004. She
joins sisters Erin and Grace.
1991
Amy Chin was appointed commissioner
of the new Taiwan Financial Supervisory
Commission, an independent regulating
authority, at the cabinet level. The
Commission was established in July 2004,
and is made up of nine commissioners,
nominated by the premier and appointed
by the president of Taiwan.
OF 1988
Michael Scharf nominated
for Nobel Peace Prize
Alumni Notes
Myrto Labrou is an attorney with the
Industrial Property Organization in Athens,
Greece.
Therence Pickett has been named vice
president, general counsel, and secretary
of Volvo Trucks North America, Inc.,
headquartered in Greensboro, NC, and its
affi liate Mack Trucks, Inc., headquartered in
Allentown, PA. Both companies are within
the Global Volvo Group of Companies.
Devy Patterson Russell is an assistant
attorney general in the criminal appeals
division at the Offi ce of the Attorney
General in Maryland. She and her husband,
George Russell III, an assistant United
States attorney, have two children, Madison
Michael Scharf, a professor at Case Western Reserve University Law School, has been
nominated for the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize, along with the Public International Law &
Policy Group (PILPG), which he helped to found in 1995. PILPG co-founder Paul Williams,
of the American University Washington College of Law, also received a nomination.
PILPG, a UN-designated non-governmental organization, offers pro bono legal advice
to states and international institutions on the legal aspects of peace negotiations and constitution
drafting, as well as human rights protection, self-determination, and the prosecution
of war crimes. The nomination letter to the Nobel committee, supported by many of
PILPG’s governmental clients, lauded the organization for “significantly contributing to the
promotion of peace throughout the globe by providing crucial pro bono legal assistance
to state and non-state entities involved in peace negotiations and in bringing war criminals
to justice.”
Scharf, who directs Case Western’s Frederick K. Cox International Law Center and
its War Crimes Research Office, also directs PILPG’s War Crimes Practice Group, while
Williams directs its Peace Building Practice Group. Like many of PILPG’s 60 affiliated
lawyers around the world, they are veterans of the U.S. State
Department.
“In matters of public international law, most countries depend on
experienced foreign ministry attorneys or high-priced foreign legal
consultants, but developing countries and countries emerging from
civil war or transitioning to democracy often can’t afford such specialized
public international legal expertise,” notes Scharf. “Paul and
I founded PILPG to fill that gap, essentially transforming the State
Department’s Office of the Legal Adviser alumni association into
the world’s premier pro bono public international law firm.”
Affiliated with Case Western and American University, PILPG
has operations in London, Paris, Rome, Stockholm, and The
Hague. Among others, it has provided research assistance to
the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal
Tribunal for Rwanda, the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the Iraqi Special Tribunal, and the
International Criminal Court.
“PILPG is committed to the notion that if you wish for peace, you must work for justice,”
says Scharf. The winner of the 2005 Nobel Peace Prize will be announced in November.
More information about PILPG can be found at www.publicinternationallaw.org. d
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 67

Alumni Notes
and George IV.
Jim Toscano, partner at Lowndes,
Drosdick, Doster, Kantor & Reed in
Orlando, was at Duke Law School on April
1, 2005 to speak to prospective students
attending Admitted Students Weekend.
Xianping Wang was appointed as one of
15 special advisors to the Civil Aviation
Administration of China in March. He
has been advising the agency and
Chinese airlines on regulatory reform and
enterprise management for the past 14
years. He is a founding partner of Garfi nkle
and Wang Associates in Alexandria, VA.
1992
Hans Brasseler has recently moved to
Hong Kong where he is legal director
for Asia-Pacifi c and Japan for Symantec
Corporation. Previously he was located
at Symantec’s world headquarters in
Cupertino, CA.
John Folmar is the pastor of the United
Christian Church of Dubai in the United
Arab Emirates. Previously he was on
staff at Capitol Hill Baptist Church in
Washington, D.C. He received his master of
divinity from Southern Baptist Theological
Seminary in Louisville, KY after practicing
law in Washington, D.C. and North Carolina.
Lars Halgreen has published European
Sports Law—A Comparative Analysis of the
European and American Models of Sport.
The publisher is Forlaget Thomson.
Kris Van Hove, a partner at Van Bael &
Bellis, in Brussels, Belgium, is a member of
the fi rm’s antitrust team that represents
Microsoft in Europe and antitrust
proceedings before the European Court.
He is a contributor to the fi rm’s 4th Edition
of its 1,700-page treatise on European
competition law.
Ann Hubbard recently became a
professor of law at the University
of Cincinnatai Law School. She was
previously on the faculty at the University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She and
her partner, Louis D. Bilionis, announce
the adoption of their daughter, Graciela
Hubbard Bilionis, who is now two years
old.
Nathan Wayne Simms and his wife, Melissa,
announce the birth of their fi rst child, Leah
Elizabeth, born in Montgomery, AL on
January 13, 2005.
Heather M. Stone has joined the Boston
offi ce of Edwards & Angell as partner.
Formerly a partner in the business practice
group at Testa, Hurwitz & Thibeault, she is
a private equity and transactional attorney.
68
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
Tom Telfer, associate professor at the
University of Western Ontario, has published
articles in the International Insolvency
Review and the Annual Review
of Insolvency Law, delivered papers at
conferences at the University of Toronto
and British Columbia, and is co-author of
a new casebook on Canadian bankruptcy
and insolvency law.
Bryan West joined Tew Cardenas as
partner in the Miami offi ce. His practice
focuses on general and complex
commercial litigation and arbitration.
1993
Gregory W. Brown has joined the partnership
at Ragsdale Liggett in Raleigh, NC.
Gregory Casas has joined Baker &
Hostetler as a partner in the fi rm’s Houston
offi ce. He was formerly a partner with
Locke Liddell & Sapp. Greg’s practice
will continue to focus on antitrust and
international dispute resolution.
Adam Cohen, a partner in the litigation
department of Weil, Gotshal & Manges,
offered his thoughts on the proposed
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Amendment changes as a guest presenter
on a Fios webcast (www.fi osinc.com/
webcasts) in April. His presentation was
entitled, “Understanding the Proposed
FRCP Amendments.”
Kelly Capen Douglas has been named
general counsel at the University of San
Diego. She, her husband and two children,
Courtney and Collin, live in Coronado, CA.
Colin Jones is an associate professor of law
at Doshisha University in Kyoto, Japan.
Alan Gallatin and his wife Sharyn announce
the birth of their second child, Rose
Kaitlyn, on December 15, 2004.
Alexander Simpson has opened Alex
Simpson PLLC, a securities and corporate
law practice based in New York City. The
practice focuses on small- to medium-sized
companies with legal needs in connection
with private and public fi nancings, mergers
and acquisitions, general securities, and
corporate law advice.
David H. Steinberg has been hired by
DreamWorks Animation to write “Puss in
Boots,” a feature spin-off of “Shrek 2.”
Philip Strauss received his MBA from the
Haas School of Business at The University
of California - Berkeley and has joined the
adjunct faculty, teaching contract law to
MBA students. Phil is also vice president
of corporate development and general
counsel of Actuate Corporation in South
San Francisco.
1994
Madra Alvis Belmont and her husband,
Philip J. Belmont, announce the birth of
their second daughter, Ava Catherine,
on June 14, 2004. Philip, an orthopaedic
surgeon with the U.S. Army, is currently
serving with the 228th Combat Support
Hospital in Tikrit, Iraq.
Richard “Tad” Ferris has joined Holland &
Knight in Washington, D.C. as partner. Most
recently with Beveridge & Diamond, he will
continue to focus on assisting multinational
corporations and other entities develop
and implement successful investment
strategies that minimize legal and other
risks in the China market.
Carl-Fedrik Hedenstrom of Magnusson
Wahlin Qvist Stanbrook Advokatbyrå
in Stockholm is lecturing at Stockholm
University.
Rachel McCart has opened Equine Legal
Solutions, Inc., a practice in San Jose, CA
dedicated to horse-related issues. She
was formerly a senior attorney at Intel
Corporation.
Russell Miller, who teaches constitutional
law, criminal procedure, and public
international law at the University of
Idaho College of Law, has won the 2005
Outstanding Faculty Service Award
presented by the student body.
James W. Smith III was named “Teacher
of the Year” at Florida A & M University
College of Law.
Christopher J. Vaughn, a partner at Carruthers
& Roth of Greensboro, NC has been
appointed to chair the real property section
of the North Carolina Bar Association.
His law practice is focused on commercial
real estate transactions.
Brad Wendell, an associate professor
at Cornell Law School, mentors other
aspiring academics with an online article,
“The Big Rock Candy Mountain: How to
Get a Job in Law Teaching.”
1995
Eric Alexander has joined Reed Smith as
partner in the products liability practice
group in Washington, D.C. Previously he
was an associate at Arnold & Porter.
Gregory B. Brown has been promoted
to partner at Akin Gump Strauss Hauer &
Feld. He is a member of the fi rm’s litigation
practice in the Houston, TX offi ce.
Kenneth Bullock was recently selected by
the Air Force for a fully-funded scholarship
TELL US WHAT YOU ARE DOING:

to attend an LLM program in labor law in
the Washington, D.C. area.
Tim Dodd, vice president of technology
policy for Time Warner Cable is working on
digital policy issues with the consumer electronics
industry and the Federal Communications
Commission in Washington, D.C.
Andres Halvorssen, has been designated
by Latin Lawyer Magazine as one of
Venezuela’s top lawyers under age 40.
Kirsten Harbers and her husband, Josh
Kreinberg ’96, announce the birth of their
son, Timothy Michael, on October 30,
2004. Timothy joins big brother Jason.
Carl Koller has recently left the Universidad
Iberoamericana, in Mexico City, where he
has been teaching for two years. He is now
a partner in the Despacho Parás law fi rm in
Mexico City.
Eugene Lao is the legal director for Yahoo
in Asia, based in Hong Kong.
Maurine Murtagh has been promoted to
director at Howard, Rice, Nemerovski,
Canady, Falk & Rabkin, in San Francisco,
CA. She is in the fi rm’s business
department.
Pedro Oller and his wife, Renee, announce
the birth of their son Enrique on May 20,
2005. Oller was recently designated by
Latin Lawyer Magazine as one of Central
America and Panama’s top lawyers under
the age of 40. He practices in San Jose,
Costa Rica.
Tatsubumi Sato is now an appeals court
judge of the Tokyo High Court, Intellectual
Property 4th Division.
José Manuel Ortega-Sosa of Caracas,
Venezuela, has been designated by Latin
Lawyer Magazine as one of Venezuela’s top
lawyers under age 40.
Kotaro Tamura was re-elected to the House
of Councillors in the Japanese Diet in July
2004 for a term of six years.
Brian Wyatt has joined the Hospital for
Special Surgery in New York City, as
associate general counsel.
1996
Robert C. Bowers has been promoted to
partner at Moore & Van Allen in Charlotte,
NC. His practice includes litigating
construction and commercial contract
disputes and fi duciary litigation.
Christopher Bowley recently joined LA/
Ventura, a division of Centex Homes in
Valencia, CA after four years as strategic
management consultant with McKinsey &
Company.
www.law.duke.edu/alumni/alumdir/update.html
Adriana De Florio is a member of a new 15person
Buenos Aires fi rm, Estudio Garrido
Abogados, along with Gustavo Garrido ’96
and Guillermo Plate ’03.
Marc Fitoussi has started a new company,
TME Group, which is headquartered
near Zurich and specializes in business
intelligence, development, and sales
strategy, and focuses on broadband
technologies between Israel and Europe.
Nate Garhart has been elevated to partner
at Coblentz, Patch, Duffy & Bass in San
Francisco, CA. He is a member of the fi rm’s
corporate practice.
Plate ’03.
Gustavo Garrido is a member
of a new 15-person Buenos
Aires fi rm, Estudio Garrido
Abogados, along with Gustavo
Garrido ’96 and Guillermo
Janice Griffi n recently joined the Boca
Raton, FL offi ce of Hodgson Russ. She
specializes in real estate and fi nance.
Omar Houri, a partner at Houri and
Ghalayini in Beirut, Lebanon, has been
appointed to the faculty at Beirut
Arab University, where he will teach
constitutional law and introduction to
commercial law.
Josh Kreinberg, and his wife, Kirsten
Harbers ’95, announce the birth of their
son, Timothy Michael, on October 30,
2004. Timothy joins his big brother Jason.
James R. Levey has been named partner
at the international law fi rm of Bryan
Cave. He is a member of the corporate
fi nance and securities, transactions,
and entrepreneurial, technology and
commercial practice client service groups.
Steven D. Moore has been named partner
in the Atlanta offi ce of Kilpatrick Stockton.
His practice focuses on commercial
litigation.
Gregory Mose and his wife, Sophia von
Woensel, are moving to southwestern
France and will run a holiday cottage
business.
Michael Samway is deputy general counsel
for Yahoo and is responsible for the
international division’s legal work, based in
Coral Gables, FL.
Brad L. Schoenfeld has joined the law fi rm
of Kendall, Koenig & Oelsner as partner in
Denver, CO. Also at the fi rm are David J.
Kendal ’94, Cathleen D. Kendall ’97, and
Jonathon Taylor ’98.
Alumni Notes
Laura Sizemore has been named partner at
White & Case in New York.
Ned and Claire Kresse White announce the
birth of their fi rst child, daughter Avery,
born November 2, 2004.
1997
Alan J. Chadd has been promoted to
partner at Moore & Van Allen in Charlotte,
NC. He practices in the area of fi nancial
services.
Andrew Cordner and his wife, Gretchen,
announce the birth of their
second child, Tessa Juliet, on
December 7, 2004.
Kerrie Dunstan has joined
Morgan Lewis & Bockius as
senior associate in the Los Angeles offi ce.
David R. Esquivel, has been named a
member of the fi rm of Bass,
Berry & Sims in Nashville,
TN. His practice focuses
on antitrust and other
competition-related matters.
He also maintains a strong
commitment to pro bono representation.
Robert Ghoorah and wife, Sarah Solum ’98,
announce the birth of their daughter, Grace
Jayne Ghoorah, on May 5, 2005.
Hollie H. Hart has been
promoted to partner at Moore
& Van Allen in Charlotte, NC.
She practices in the fi rm’s
commercial real estate group.
Derek S. Hughey recently joined the fi rm
Bass, Berry & Sims in Nashville, TN. He
is a member in the fi rm’s corporate and
securities practice area.
Geoffrey Krouse and his wife, Anne
Emmert Krouse have moved to Raleigh,
NC with their twin daughters, Grace and
Caroline. Geoff has joined Smith, Anderson,
Blount, Dorsett, Mitchell & Jernigan as
a senior associate in the corporate and
securities group.
Joe Martinez and his wife, Katie Abbott,
announce the birth of their second child,
Matías Thomas, on January 12, 2005.
David Morgenstern serves as the legislative
director for United States Senator Lamar
Alexander in Washington, D.C.
Steve Sonne has been admitted to
O’Melveny & Myers as partner. He is a
member of the transactions department in
the fi rm’s Silicon Valley offi ce.
Juventino Villarreal is the legal manager
for Fomento Económico Mexicano, S.A. de
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 69

Alumni Notes
C.V. (FEMSA) in Monterrey, Mexico. FEMSA
is the largest beverage company of Mexico
and Latin America.
Rashad Wareh and Peggy Wang ’98 were
married on May 2, 2005 in Ann Arbor, MI.
They currently reside in New York City.
Michael and Jillion Stern Weisberg announce
the birth of their fi rst child, Alana
Jolie, on December 14, 2004.
1998
Noriaki Abe is deputy director of the
policy coordination division of the Foreign
Policy Bureau of Japan’s Ministry of
Foreign Affairs. He is in charge of coordinating
policies with the U.S., China, and
the Korean Peninsula.
Geoffrey W. Adams, an attorney with
Smith, Anderson, Blount, Dorsett, Mitchell
& Jernigan in Raleigh, NC, has been appointed
to the board of directors of Hospice
of Wake County, Inc.
Ainagul Alimanova has joined the European
Bank for Reconstruction and Development
in London, England.
Alexander Bruns is a professor at Georg-
August University of Göttingen in Germany,
where he teaches civil law, commercial law,
insurance law, and comparative law.
Karel D’Hulst has joined GE Advanced
Materials as a commercial counsel at
its European headquarters in Brussels,
Belgium.
Jennifer Adams Draffen has joined Intel
Corporation in Santa Clara, CA as a trademark
attorney. She lives in San Mateo with
husband Mark and son Oliver Charles.
Nora Gierke and her husband, Jonathan
Fitzsimmons, announce the birth of their
second son, Stacey James Gierke Fitzsimmons
on July 9, 2004. He joins older
brother Eli Patrick. Nora continues to
practice litigation at Reinhart Boerner Van
Deuren in Milwaukee, WI.
Lisa Glover and husband, Stephen Keith,
announce the birth of their daughter, Sarah
Lucille Keith, on February 18, 2005.
Andrew S. Gold joined the faculty at De-
Paul University College of Law in 2004
as assistant professor of law. His areas
of expertise are corporate and federal
securities law, as well as the law respecting
regulatory takings of property. His
scholarship includes articles on the
scope of securities fraud liability under
Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange
Act, the original understanding of the
Fifth Amendment Takings Clause, and
the Supreme Court’s Tenth Amendment
70
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
d CLASS
OF 1997
Timothy Profeta takes helm of
Duke’s Nicholas Institute
In June, Timothy Profeta, former counsel
for the environment to U.S. Sen.
Joseph Lieberman, became the first
director of the new Nicholas Institute for
Environmental Policy Solutions at Duke
University.
“Tim Profeta represents the environmental
leaders of the future,” said Duke
University President Richard Brodhead
in announcing Profeta’s appointment
in February. “He is experienced, enthusiastic,
and savvy about science policy
and the political arena, and strategic in
thinking about how Duke can best work
with others to forge a positive environmental
agenda for our nation. He will be
a strong leader for this important new
institute.” Duke officials envision that the
Nicholas Institute will have a global reach
and will marshal the broad resources
of the University to assist in setting a
national environmental agenda.
As Lieberman’s counsel, Profeta was
a principal architect of the Lieberman-
McCain Climate Stewardship Act in 2003.
He is credited with helping to build the
coalition of support and coordinating
a political and media campaign to promote
the act’s passage. Profeta oversaw
all activities of the Senate Subcommittee
on Clean Air, Wetlands and Climate
Change during Lieberman’s term as chair
in the 107th Congress. He represented
Lieberman in legislative negotiations pertaining
to environmental
and energy
issues, and coordinated
the senator’s
energy and environmental
portfolio
during his runs for
national office.
“I am supremely
confident that Tim
has the abilities,
the energy, and
the commitment to
turn the Nicholas
Institute’s exciting vision for environmental
leadership into a reality,” said
Lieberman. “Tim has shown an innate
and uncanny ability to translate a rough
concept into a mature and sophisticated
policy proposal. There is no better
example of that than his consistent
and creative leadership over the years
in championing the Climate Stewardship
Act—a massive intellectual, legislative
and political undertaking to address the
most critical, overarching environmental
challenge of our times.”
“By the end of the decade, I want the
Nicholas Institute to be on the ‘first-callmade
list’ by a wide range of groups
interested in environmental issues,”
Profeta said. “It should be a resource
for businesses seeking to craft strategies
to address environmental problems,
policymakers seeking to draft effective
solutions, advocates seeking credible
insight into environmental challenges,
and reporters and the public seeking
objective analysis.”
Profeta received a BA in political
science from Yale University in 1992,
and earned a master of environmental
management degree at Duke’s Nicholas
School of the Environment and Earth
Sciences concurrently with his JD in
1997. He was editor-in-chief of the Duke
Environmental Law & Policy Forum and
the recipient of both the Cummings
Fellowship in Environmental Law and the
1996 Nicholas School Alumni Fellowship.
Profeta taught a weekly seminar at
the Law School in 2002 and 2003 on the
evolution of environmental law and on
the Endangered Species Act. Before joining
Lieberman’s staff, he was a law clerk
for Judge Paul L. Friedman, U.S. District
Court for the District of Columbia.
A three-day environmental summit
on the Duke campus Sept. 20-22 will
launch the Nicholas Institute, introduce
Profeta to the campus community and
others, and provide an opportunity for
participants to focus on current environmental
issues. The summit will showcase
how the Institute will work with partners
from business, government, and nonprofits
to develop results-driven environmental
plans.
The Institute is made possible
through a gift from Duke Board of
Trustees Chairman Pete (T’64) and
Ginny Nicholas of Boston, who gave the
Nicholas School of the Environment and
Earth Sciences $70 million in December
2003 to push ahead with the new
Institute and other activities for Duke to
assume environmental leadership and
achieve worldwide impact. d
TELL US WHAT YOU ARE DOING:

jurisprudence.
Arnaldo Gorziglia is a partner at the
Santiago, Chile fi rm Morales, Noguera,
Valdivieso & Besca and is teaching commercial
law at the Catholic University/Santiago.
Courtney Holohan has been named partner
at Kirkland & Ellis in Chicago. Her practice
focuses on intellectual property matters,
including patent, trademark, and copyright
litigation and counseling.
Jaime Pereyra Iraola is an in-house lawyer
with Philip Morris International in Buenos
Aires, Argentina.
Seth Jaffe has started a new job as an attorney-advisor
at the U.S. Commission on
Civil Rights, Offi ce of the General Counsel,
in Washington, D.C.
Deena Jenab has joined Blackwell Sanders
Peper Martin in Kansas City, MO as counsel
in the labor and employment department.
She previously practiced with Polsinelli
Shalton Welte Suelthaus in Overland Park,
KS.
LeeAnn Wheelis Lockridge has joined the
faculty of Louisiana State University in
Baton Rouge, where she will teach intellectual
property law. She was previously
a visiting professor at the University of
Cincinnati Law School.
Diana Chiampi Ohly is a professor of law
in Darmstadt, Germany at the Darmstadt
University of Applied Sciences, where she
teaches software and Anglo-American law.
Avi Ortal LLM ’96 S JD ’98, a partner with
Zellemayer, Pelossof & Company in Tel
Aviv, Israel, has been named one of the
ten most outstanding Israeli lawyers by
TheMarker. Dr. Ortal also teaches a course
on mergers and acquisitions at Tel Aviv
University Law School.
Murphy Pepper and his wife, Soo, announce
the birth of their son Macsen Ashby, on February
28, 2005. He joins siblings Katherine,
Judah, and Elizabeth. Murphy will shortly
celebrate fi ve years of independent practice
in Richmond, VA, concentrating on real estate
and general corporate law.
Ting Ting Shi has joined Kaye
Scholer in the Shanghai offi ce.
Sarah Solum and husband, Robert
Ghoorah ’97 announce the
birth of their daughter, Grace Jayne Ghoorah,
on May 5, 2005.
Darren Wallis and Alison
Wallis announce the birth of their daughter,
Lyla Lane Wallis, on February 7, 2005.
www.law.duke.edu/alumni/alumdir/update.html
Peggy Wang and Rashad
Wareh ’97 were married on May
2, 2005 in Ann Arbor, MI. They
currently reside in New York
City.
Kevin and Miranda Zolot announce the birth
of their daughter, Ella Simi Zolot, on March
4, 2005. The Zolots live in Charlotte, NC.
1999
Christian Broadbent, of the Securities &
Exchange Commission in Washington, D.C.
has been confi rmed as the vice-chair of
the District of Columbia Bar’s Investment
Management Committee. He is also the
recipient of the SEC’s Manuel F. Cohen
honorary award. On June 17, he spoke at
Duke Law School as part of the “Summer
Passport Series” for summer starter jointdegree
candidates.
Olivier Catusse has moved to Frankfurt,
Germany where he is director of portfolio
management and acquisitions at KanAm
Grund, a leading syndicator of open-ended
real estate funds. He oversees the activities
in the U.S. Catusse was previously with
Gide Loyrette Nouel in Paris.
Gabriel Feldman joined the faculty of
Tulane University Law School in August
2005. He teaches contracts and sports law.
James K. Goldfarb has joined the
business litigation practice group in
King & Spalding’s New York offi ce. He
recently co-authored “Ruling on a Trio of
Securities Fraud Cases” published in The
National Law Journal on May 16, 2005.
He previously worked at Weil, Gotshal &
Manges as a litigation associate.
Kathleen Gutman is working on her PhD in
European Union law at Leuven University
in Belgium.
Holger Haenecke does management
consulting for McKinsey & Company
as engagement manager and public
sector practice manager. His band, Moxy,
celebrated its 10th anniversary and has
produced a new album, “Procrastinate,”
produced by Holger.
Maya Horton of the New Jersey Schools
Construction Corporation was at Duke
Law School on April 1, 2005 to speak to
prospective students attending Admitted
Students Weekend.
Amy Kolczak has been appointed to the
board of the Georgia Association for
Women Lawyers as a representative-atlarge.
She continues to practice in the
area of medical malpractice defense with
Alumni Notes
the fi rm of Owen, Gleaton, Egan, Jones &
Sweeney in Atlanta.
Dominique Maes is an associate at Baker
McKenzie and is a member of the board
of the Young Bar Association in Brussels.
He is also a teaching assistant at Leuven
University in Belgium.
Robert Milbourne has recently joined
Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD) as
chief counsel for international projects.
CVRD is an international mining company
headquartered in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Eloise Obadia returned to Washington,
D.C. to the Centre for Settlement of
Investment Disputes, a branch of the
World Bank that focuses on arbitration and
conciliation for disputes between states
and foreign investors.
Cynthia O’Neal has been elected to the
board of directors of the local chapter
of the National Association of Women in
Construction and has been certifi ed as a
construction industry technician.
Lisa Levin Reichmann, of Jones Day
in Washington D.C., was at Duke Law
School on April 1, 2005 to speak to
prospective students attending Admitted
Students Weekend.
Varun Sahay has his own consulting
practice in Stuttgart, Germany, where he
specializes in business and legal strategy
for Indian and European companies.
John Simpkins and his wife, Carolyn,
announce the birth of their fi rst child,
Jonah, on May 16, 2005. Simpkins, an
adviser to several African nations on
constitutional law, has joined the faculty
of the Charleston School of Law. John
has taught political science at Furman
University, where he served as assistant
director of the Richard W. Riley Institute
of Government, Politics and Public
Leadership
Gordon Walker SJD is head of the law
school at LaTrobe University’s School of
Law in Melbourne, Australia, and is general
editor of International Securities Regulation
– Pacifi c Rim, Vol. 1-IV, an expansive
commentary by experts in securities law
that is updated six times annually.
Ido Warshavski has returned to Voqneam,
Israel and is general counsel and corporate
secretary for Given Imaging LTD.
Seth Watkins has joined Steptoe &
Johnson in Washington, D.C. as special
counsel in the intellectual property and
litigation groups. Previously, he was an
associate at Collier Shannon Scott.
Jason Webber, an associate with White
& Case in New York, spoke at Duke
Law School on June 20th as part of the
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 71

Alumni Notes
“Summer Passport Series” for summer
starter joint-degree candidates.
Jeff Welty will direct the Animal Law Clinic
at Duke Law School beginning spring
2006. He currently has a law practice in
Durham.
Veronica Zarate handles cross-border
transactions for the fi rm, Bonelli, Erede,
Pappalardo in Milano, Italy.
2000
Zhanat Alimanov has opened his own fi rm,
providing seminars on fi nance to Kazak
companies and also teaches transnational
law at a university in Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Yi Lin Chua is with the fi rm De Brauw
Blackstone Westbrook in Amsterdam.
Ori Demb is director & head of sales
operation for Converse, Inc. in Europe. He
is based in Tel Aviv, Israel.
Alaina K. Harrington, a litigation attorney
in the Dallas offi ce of Weil, Gotshal &
Manges, has been named to a second,
three-year term on the board of directors
of Planned Parenthood of North Texas.
Jeremy Hillsman spoke by video
conference from his Paris offi ce on April 1
to the prospective students attending the
Admitted Students Weekend at Duke Law
School.
Hugh M. Hollman has joined the law fi rm of
Jones Day in Washington, D.C.
Mariana Simoes has been admitted to
practice law in Peru and is now working in
the corporate arena in Lima.
Louise C. Stoupe has been elected to the
partnership of Morrison & Foerster. She
is a member of the litigation department
in the fi rm’s Tokyo offi ce. Her emphasis is
on intellectual property and international
dispute resolution, including arbitration
and mediation.
Stephan Strnad has joined Hilfe zur
Selbsthilfe e.V., (HELP), an
international humanitarian
aid organization taking
responsibility for all
operations in Bosnia
and Herzegovina. The
organization’s projects focus on
integrating the return of refugees and
displaced persons with reconstruction
of war-damaged buildings and income
generation activities for the returnees.
Vincent Tortorella and his wife, Angela,
announce the birth of their daughter Jane,
on November 29, 2004.
72
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
Mariya Treisman has joined the offi ce of
the New York State Attorney General as
assistant solicitor general in the appeals
and opinions bureau while husband,
Michael Treisman, has moved to Citigroup
Investments, Inc. where he is associate
general counsel.
Georg Zehetner is working at the Austrian
Embassy in Paris, where he is the secretary
for legal affairs and also covers some
European Union affairs.
2001
Rodney Bullard has been selected as a
White House Fellow for the 2005-2006
class. He and his wife, Silvette, are moving
to Washington, D.C. where he will work as
a special assistant to the president.
Randy Katz is an assistant U.S. attorney in
the criminal division of the U.S. Attorney’s
offi ce in Miami, FL.
Pamela Hoefer Lialias and husband, Joakim,
announce the birth of their daughter, Sofi a
Loella, on February 28, 2005.
Rawn James has accepted a new position
with the Offi ce of the Attorney General
for the District of Columbia. He has been
working for three years in the Washington,
D.C. offi ce of Sutherland Asbill & Brennan.
His wife, Maureen B. Kelley ’02, is an attorney
for the National Legal Aid and Defender
Association.
Stephen Pedersen has negotiated a
recording deal for his band, Criteria. As
a result, he has left the law fi rm of Kutak
Rock in Omaha, NE and will go on a world
tour in support of Criteria’s new release
“When we Break,” released by Saddle-
Creek in August 2005.
J. Evans Rice has accepted a position as
a trial attorney with the U.S. Department
of Justice, civil rights division, criminal
section. He will be prosecuting human
traffi cking, offi cial misconduct, and hate
crimes.
Faye Rodman has recently moved from
Houston, TX to join Ogletree, Deakins, Nash,
Smoak & Stewart in Atlanta, GA. She will
continue to practice labor and employment
law.
Matthew Jarboe Rupp and his wife, Sarah
Hill Rupp, announce the birth of their son,
Oliver Jarboe Rupp, on May 26, 2005. They
live and work in Washington, D.C.
Amy Scarton continues her work in
transportation law and policy as the new
chief of staff to the Honorable Francis
P. Mulvey of the Surface Transportation
Board. She had previously worked in the
U.S. House of Representatives as a senior
advisor to Congressman Earl Blumenauer.
Jana Scharf and Seth Safra announce the
birth of their daughter, Lauren Hayley, on
January 21, 2005.
Carmen Sfeir has been teaching a capital
markets course at the University of Chile
Law School in Santiago, and is the research
coordinator for the School’s commercial
law area.
2002
Glen Caplan has accepted a new position
with the Raleigh, NC fi rm of Hutchinson +
Mason. He was previously with Wilson Sonsini
Goodrich and Rosati in Palo Alto, CA.
Jessica Carter was appointed
senior vice president and
associate general counsel in
the Global Private Client Group
at Citigroup Global Markets,
Inc. in New York City.
Catherine Duval has joined Williams &
Connolly in the Washington, D.C. offi ce.
Sarah Gage has been living and working
in South Korea since August 2002, as a
military intelligence offi cer for the U.S.
Army.
Clevonne Gaillard has joined Nashville,
TN law fi rm, Bass, Berry & Sims, as an
associate. She focuses in the healthcare
industry practice area.
Myriam Gross and her husband, Marcus
Mall, announce the birth of their second
child, Tristan Marcus Mall, on June 14,
2005, in Heidelberg, Germany. Tristan joins
his sister Mara Miriam.
Gitanjali Lakhotia is working as a senior
counsel at the Supreme Court of India in
New Delhi.
Marjorie Menza and her husband, Richard
Murphy, announce the birth of their fi rst
child, Liam Maurice, on February 14, 2005.
Pedro Castro Nevares has joined Estudio
Beccar Varela in Buenos Aires. He was formerly
with Simpson Thacher & Bartlett’s
international associate program in New
York.
Mark and Sarah Pryor announce the birth
of their twins, Henry Vincent and Natalie
Marie, on November 12, 2004.
Santiago Sturla returned
to Buenos Aires from his
position as legal consultant
to the Multilateral Investment
Guarantee Agency in Washington, D.C. He
has rejoined the Allende & Brea Law Firm.
TELL US WHAT YOU ARE DOING:

Stacey Walker was elected to the board of
directors for XCEL Federal Credit Union,
a provider of fi nancial, banking, loan, and
investments services for members in New
York and New Jersey.
2003
Tia Hall Barnes has joined Duke Law
School as director of public interest and
JD advising. She previously served as a
clerk for the Honorable Patricia Timmons-
Goodson of the North Carolina Court of
Appeals.
Nichelle Johnson Billups, an associate
with Hogan & Hartson in Washington, D.C.,
spoke at Duke Law School on June 20th as
part of the “Summer Passport Series” for
summer starter joint-degree candidates.
Goncalo Godinho has joined the New York
offi ce of Simpson Thacher & Bartlett.
Bernhard Krebs is now with the Upstream
Gas Marketing Group of ExonMobil central
European law department.
Emiko Nakaami is a visiting lecturer
and program coordinator for the offi ce
for advanced legal studies at Waseda
University in Tokyo, Japan.
Sean O’Neil and his wife, Erin, announce
the birth of their fourth child, Olivia Grace,
on May 21, 2004.
Guillermo Plate is a member of new 15person
Buenos Aires fi rm, Estudio Garrido
Abogados, along with Adriana De Florio
’96 and Gustavo Garrido ’96.
Alejandro Posadas was appointed director
of the political studies division of Centro
de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
A.C. (CIDE), in Mexico City.
Eran Sarig returned to Israel after
a two-month holiday in Peru and
Costa Rica, where he visited with LLM
classmates. Sarig is an associate with Teva
Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.
2004
Kristine Andreassen has joined Bryan
Cave in Washington, D.C. as an associate,
concentrating on fi nancial services.
Randall Cook has recently accepted a
position with Covington & Burling in
Washington, D.C.
Catherine Duval is an associate with
Williams & Connolly in Washington, D.C.
Mohammed A. Diwan has joined the
Chicago-based fi rm of Wildman Harrold
Allen & Dixon as an associate.
Nita Farahany has accepted a one-year
position as a Vanderbilt Fellow and
www.law.duke.edu/alumni/alumdir/update.html
Instructor in Law at Vanderbilt University
Law School. She will teach criminal law. She
has previously clerked for Judge Judith
Rogers of the U.S. Court of Appeals for
the D.C. Circuit and is completing a PhD in
philosophy.
Sean M. Kammer has joined Baker &
Hostetler, as an associate in the Cleveland,
OH offi ce.
Steffi Kandzia and husband, Professor
Ralf Michaels, announce the birth of their
daughter, Roberta Emilia Michaels on May
12, 2005. Roberta joins big sister, Phillipa.
Sebastian Kielmanovich and Susannah
Cox ’05 were married on March 27, 2005
in Baltimore, MD. Sebastian is an assistant
district attorney in Wilmington, NC.
David Koysza is working as a Bristow
Fellow in the Offi ce of the U.S. Solicitor
General in Washington, D.C.
Tim Kuhner has accepted a tenure-track
position at Roger Williams University
School of Law in Bristol, RI. He previously
clerked for Judge Roger L. Wollman of
the United States Court of Appeals for the
Eighth Circuit.
Emily Marroquin was at Duke Law School
on April 1, 2005 to speak to prospective
students attending the Admitted Students
Weekend.
Yoav Oestriecher is teaching intellectual
property law at Bar-Ilan University in
Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Allyson W. Pafl as has joined the Chicagobased
fi rm of Wildman Harrold Allen &
Dixon as an associate.
Urmas Peiker, is a law associate in London
at the European Bank for Reconstruction
and Development.
Juliana Cleland Richards and
husband, Charles, announce
the birth of their son, Charles,
on August 20, 2004.
Stuart Hale Russell married Kathryn Marley
Finch on June 18, 2005 at Duke University
Chapel. Stuart is an associate with Parker
Poe Adams and Bernstein in Charlotte, NC.
Bengoshi Yoshihito Shibata has joined
Sakai & Mimura in Tokyo. He was previously
in New York City with Bingham McCutchen.
Michelle A Valteau has joined Stites &
Harbison in Atlanta, GA as an associate.
Willem Verschur is an associate at
De Brauw Blackstone Westbroek in
Amsterdam. His focus is intellectual
property law.
Alumni Notes
Vorayanee Vudthithornnatirak is teaching
at Bangkok University and Rajabhat
Thonburi University. In addition he is
working in the public prosecutor’s offi ce
as a legal offi cer and doing research
for the Thai Securities and Exchange
Commission.
Elizabeth Wade has been appointed a
magistrate judge in Durham County, NC.
She has also recently opened a mediation
practice, Carolina Dispute Resolution,
which will handle all types of disputes.
Gregory C. Walsh has joined the law fi rm
of Baker & Hostetler as an associate in the
Denver, CO offi ce.
Thank
Jason Yackee is a law fellow at the
University of Southern California in Los
Angeles.
You!
The Duke Law Annual Fund had
its most successful year ever in
fiscal year 2005, raising more than
$1.966 MILLION
to support all aspects of
educating a student at Duke.
We are grateful to the more
than 2,900 alumni, students,
faculty, staff, and friends
of the Law School who continue
to give generously to help us
meet our goals.
Watch our progress daily:
www.law.duke.edu/annualfund/
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 73

In Memoriam
1939
John C. Oakes, 89, died on May 26,
2005 in Santa Rosa, CA. Mr. Oakes
graduated from Science Hill High
School in Johnson City, TN in 1932 and
received a BSc degree in 1936 from
East Tennessee State University before
attending Duke Law School. He was a
member of Tennessee State University’s
Hall of Fame. Mr. Oakes was a special
agent with the FBI for 23 years and saw
duty in seven domestic offi ces within
the U.S. as well as two foreign countries.
He served in the United States military
during World War II, obtaining the rank
of captain, and served as the chief
investigations offi cer for the Counter
Intelligence Corps. Mr. Oakes was a past
president of North Lake Tahoe Rotary
Club. He is survived by his wife of 52
years, Louise Renyer Oakes of Santa
Rosa.
1940
H. Ross Arnold, Jr., 87, died July 20, 2005,
at his home on St. Simons Island, GA.
Born in Lafayette, AL January 19, 1918,
he lived his life with great enthusiasm
and endless curiosity, and was involved
with wide variety of causes and subjects.
He was an accomplished musician who
enjoyed playing both piano and organ. He
cherished his family. He was preceded in
death by his fi rst wife, Carolyn Wallace,
of Daugherty County, GA, whom he
married in 1943 and with whom he
raised six children. Mr. Arnold had a
diverse litigation and business practice
for more than 50 years. He represented
Colonial Pipeline Company in acquiring
and protecting oil pipeline easements
across the Southeastern United States for
almost forty years. As the lead lawyer
for the Atlanta Jaycees, Mr. Arnold was
instrumental in carrying out the antimasking
campaign against the Ku Klux
Klan in 1949 and 1950, which curtailed
violent activities of secret societies. He
served as a federal magistrate and was
U.S. Commissioner for the Northern
District of Georgia for a number of years.
Graduating from Greenville (AL) High
School at the age of 15, Mr. Arnold
fi nished Furman University in 1937. He
remains the youngest agent ever to
enter the FBI, and was the last surviving
member of his 1940 FBI class, having
served in Ohio, Tennessee, and New York
until 1946.
Mr. Arnold was a strong advocate of
education, supporting many schools
including Furman, Duke, Shorter College,
Samford University, and Judson College,
and was an organizing founder of the
Galloway School in Atlanta. Over the
years Mr. Arnold was a member of many
civic organizations. He was a trustee
74
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005
of the Patterson Barclay Foundation,
president of the Atlanta Humane Society,
and led both Furman and Duke Alumni
Associations. Mr. Arnold is survived by
his wife, Alice Lamont Arnold, of Atlanta;
a sister, Margaret Arnold Griffi th, of
Winston Salem, NC; three sons, H. Ross
Arnold, III ’76 (Claire), Richard Mark
Arnold (Judy), and John Wyatt Arnold, II
(Kathy), all of Atlanta; three daughters,
Margaret Arnold Wong (Abe), of Atlanta,
Sally Curb Arnold II (Tom Bloore), of
Geneva, IL, and Debora Anne Arnold,
of Pine, CO; and eight grandchildren,
Mary Wallace Arnold, Elizabeth Fielding
Arnold, William Ross Arnold, Susan
Lindsey Wong, Carolyn Hayes Wong,
Abby Lauren Wong, Victoria Joy Arnold,
and Wallace Kelley Arnold.
1942
A. Henry Ralston, 85, died February
1, 2005 in Middlesboro, KY. He was
born June 18, 1919 in Middlesboro, and
received his bachelor’s degree from
Duke University before attending Duke
Law School. Mr. Ralston served in the
Army during World War II as a control
tower operator on Iwo Jima. Upon his
return home he worked in his family’s
coal business, farmed, and operated an
automobile dealership. He later practiced
law with Denham, Ralston and Nagle
before taking over the family business,
retiring in the mid 1980’s. Mr. Ralston
was a ham radio operator, and had been
licensed since 1934. He was known
around the world to ham operators by
his call sign, W4PPM, and remained an
active ham enthusiast until his death. He
was preceded in death by his beloved
fi rst wife, Lillian Anderson Ralston, and
a brother, Craig Ralston, Jr. Survivors
include his second wife, Drucilla Creech
Ralston; children, Ingrid R. Moore, of
Middleboro, Dr. Craig L. Ralston, and
his wife Andrea of Tazewell, TN and
Patricia R. Hollingsworth and her husband
Berkeley of Lexington, KY; and six
grandchildren.
1950
Thomas O. Lawton, 80, died March 8,
2005 in Summerville, SC. He was born
November 10, 1924 in Allendale, SC,
and attended Wofford College before
enlisting in the U.S. Armed Services at the
age of 18. He was a combat infantryman
in the 36th Division and served in the
European and Mediterranean theaters,
winning a Purple Heart, a Bronze Star, and
the Combat Infantryman’s Badge, among
other decorations. After his service Mr.
Lawton received his bachelor’s degree
from Duke University before attending
Duke Law School. He was a member
of the hearing panel for grievances
and discipline appointed by the South
Carolina Supreme Court, vice president
of the South Carolina Bar for the 14th
Judical Circuit and president of the
Allendale County Bar Association, and
was the attorney for both the town and
county of Allendale for a number of
years. He also served as president of the
Huguenot Society and the South Carolina
Historical Society, and was chairman
of the South Carolina Tricentennial
Commission. Mr. Lawton was a member
of the Society of the Cincinnati, Colonial
Wars, St. Andrew’s Society and First
Families of South Carolina. He is survived
by his wife, Bess Macaulay Lawton;
children Thomas O. Lawton, Margaret M.
Lawton and Angus M. Lawton; and six
grandchildren.
1953
Lee Creecy Smith, 78, died April 23,
2005 in Raleigh, NC. He was born July 15,
1926 in Biltmore, NC, the second of four
children of Anna Lee Smith and Willis
Smith, a prominent Raleigh attorney
who served in the United States Senate.
After graduation from high school, Mr.
Smith joined the war effort, serving in
the U.S. Navy during World War II. He
was discharged in 1946, after which he
received his bachelor’s degree from
Duke University before attending Duke
Law School. Mr. Smith began his career
as an attorney in Jacksonville, FL in the
offi ce of the chief counsel, U.S. Treasury
Department. Returning to Raleigh, he
joined the fi rm now known as Smith,
Anderson, Blount, Dorsett, Mitchell and
Jernigan, which was founded by his
father. He was a member of the Wake
County, North Carolina and American Bar
Associations and the American Judicature
Society, and was director/treasurer of the
Badger-Iredell Law Offi ce Foundation. He
served as chairman of the North Carolina
State Board of Elections. Mr. Smith was a
delegate to the 1968 National Democratic
Convention. He also served as a trustee
for both the W.W. Holding Technical
Institute and the Wake County Blood
Procurement Plan, and was very active in
Duke University alumni affairs. Mr. Smith
was predeceased by his wife of 40 years,
Adele Hardison Smith. He is survived by
his son, Lee Jr. and his wife, Nan Potter
Smith, of Raleigh, and their three children;
son Willis and his wife, Ann Majors Smith,
and their two children, also of Raleigh;
sister, Anna Lee Dorsett; and two sistersin-law,
Vernon Fountain Smith and Matilda
Woodard Smith, both of Raleigh; and by
many nieces and nephews.

1955
Mr. William L. Woolard, 73, died April
26, 2005 in Charlotte, NC. He was
born August 26, 1931 in Bath, NC, and
received his bachelor’s degree from
Duke University before attending
Duke Law School. Mr. Woolard was an
Angier B. Duke scholar and recipient
of a Carnegie Endowment Fellowship
grant for research in world peace. Upon
graduation from law school, Mr. Woolard
worked for the Chrysler Corporation,
and in 1960 joined the Charlotte law
fi rm of Jones, Hewson & Woolard. He
served as partner in that fi rm until 1986
when he became “of counsel” in order
to devote more of his time and energies
to community service. Mr. Woolard
served on the boards of directors of
the Charlotte Rescue Mission, the North
Carolina Eye and Human Tissue Bank,
the North Carolina Lions Association for
the Blind, the Mecklenburg Association
for the Blind, the Charlotte Workshop
for the Blind, Inc., Lions Services, Inc.,
Lawyers Title Company, Inc., and Lawyers
Educational Foundation, Inc. He served
for 15 years as president of the Charlotte
Central Lions Educational Foundation,
Inc., and at the club, district, state and
international levels of The International
Association of Lions Clubs. In 1981, Mr.
Woolard was elected to the board of
directors of Lions Clubs International and
held various offi ces before becoming that
organization’s international president
for the 1989-1990 term. He received
the Lion’s Ambassador of Goodwill
Award, which is the organization’s
highest honor. In 1990-1991, Mr. Woolard
served as chairman of the board of
trustees of Lions Clubs International
Foundation, which provides fi nancial
assistance for humanitarian projects
throughout the world. The foundation’s
major international service project,
SIGHTFIRST, was launched during his
year as international president, with
the goal of eliminating all preventable
and reversible blindness throughout
the world. Mr. Woolard was a member
of the American Bar Association, the
North Carolina Bar Association, the North
Carolina State Bar, and the Mecklenburg
County Bar Association. He was also
a member of the American Judicature
Society and was listed in Who’s Who
in America. North Carolina Governor
Jim Hunt honored him with The Order
of the Long Leaf Pine, North Carolina’s
highest honor for civic service. Since
1970, Mr. Woolard served as president
of Armature Winding Company, Inc., a
family-owned business. He is survived
by his wife, Virginia Stratton Woolard;
son William L. Woolard, Jr. and wife,
Peggy; daughter Margaret Anne Woolard;
grandsons Nathan A. Woolard and Daniel
A. Woolard, all of Charlotte, NC; brothers
Cedric E. Woolard of Washington, NC
and Leo B. Woolard of Richmond, VA;
sisters Louise W. Broughton of Virginia
Beach, VA, Linda W. Blake of Bath, NC
and Judy W. Arthur of Washington, NC.
Two brothers, John C. Woolard and Elton
M. Woolard, predeceased him.
1959
Harrison Kirk Chauncey, Jr., 71, died
December 24, 2004 in West Palm Beach,
FL. Born March 16, 1933 in Brooklyn, NY,
he graduated from Rollins College before
attending Duke Law School. He served on
the board of governors of the Duke Bar
Association, editorial board of the Duke
Law Journal, and as DLJ managing editor.
His alumni activities included service as a
class agent and on the Duke Law Annual
Fund Council. In 1961, Mr. Chauncey
moved with his family from New York City
to West Palm Beach, and practiced law
until his death. He was a member of the
Florida Bar Association, the American Bar
Association, American College of Real
Estate Lawyers, and the American College
of Trust and Estate Counsel. He was a
former president of the Sailfi sh Club of
Florida, a grand offi cier honoraire of the
Confre’rie des Chevaliers du Tastevin,
an active member in the Fraternal Order
of Police Associates and a member of
the Navy League. He is survived by his
wife of 49 years, Constance Shields; his
son Harrison III and his wife Kristen of
Indianapolis, IN; son Wayne and his wife
Katherine of Springfi eld, VA; his daughter
Carolyn and her fi ancé Raymond Shea of
New York City; and fi ve grandchildren.
1960
Donald K. Easterly, 69, died December
21, 2004 in Penfi eld, NY. He was born
February 14, 1935. Mr. Easterly received
his bachelor’s degree from Bucknell
University before attending Duke Law
School. While at Duke Law, he was
assistant to Professor Jack Latty and
helped teach the “Accounting in the
Corporation” law course. He received the
Edward P. Friedberg Award in the 1959-
60 academic year for best work in federal
taxation. Mr. Easterly was a member
of Delta Theta Phi legal fraternity and
the Duke Bar Association. He retired as
vice president of JP Morgan Chase Trust
Department. He is survived by his wife of
36 years, Ute; sons, Michael and Andrew;
brother, E. Phillip and his wife Nancy;
uncle, Harold Easterly and his wife Joan;
three nephews; and several cousins.
In Memoriam
1972
Alan Henry Otte, 58, died April 9, 2005
in Tampa, FL. Mr. Otte received his
bachelor’s degree from Duke University
before attending Duke Law School.
He was a partner at Rudnick & Wolfe
before opening his own fi rm. His practice
included corporate and real estate law. He
is survived by his wife, Candace (Nursing
’72) and fi ve sons, Edward, Andrew,
Thomas, Bryan and Jonathan; and his
mother, Elsie Otte.
1980
Deborah Greenblatt, 58, died June 13,
2005 in Raleigh, NC. Ms. Greenblatt
received her JD from North Carolina
Central University’s School of Law
in 1972, and her LLM from Duke. She
then became the litigation director
of Carolina Legal Assistance, a nonprofi
t that represents individuals with
mental disabilities, and in 1982 became
executive director of that organization.
Ms. Greenblatt’s work in the courts, as
well as her advocacy through legislative
channels, resulted in major disability law
reforms. She has been recognized with
a number of awards including: ARC of
North Carolina’s Distinguished Service
Award; the Jack B. Hefner Award from the
North Carolina Council on Developmental
Disabilities; the Julian T. Pierce Award
for Outstanding Advocacy to All; the
W.W. Finlator Civil Liberties Award;
and the Mental Health Association’s
Distinguished Service Award. Just days
before her death, the juvenile justice
and children’s rights branch of the North
Carolina Bar Association presented Ms.
Greenblatt with the Bertha Holt Juvenile
Justice Award, recognizing her many
contributions to juvenile justice and
children’s rights throughout the state.
Ms. Greenblatt was predeceased by her
mother, Anne Shpall Greenblatt and her
father, Carl Greenblatt. She is survived
by her husband, Chuck Eppinette and
her daughter, Hannah; her brother, Fred
Greenblatt; her sisters, Syma Gerard,
Rodeane Widom, and Shirley Widom; and
several nieces and nephews.
1991
Adam A. Milani, 39, died on May 11, 2005
in Macon, GA. He was born December
15, 1965, in Peoria, IL. He was a 1988 Phi
Beta Kappa graduate of the University
of Notre Dame, earning his bachelor’s
degree in English before attending
Duke Law School. Professor Milani was
associate professor of law at Mercer
University, where he taught disability
law and legal writing. Before joining
the Mercer faculty, he practiced law in
Indiana, clerked for the United States
District Court for the Northern District of
Fall 2005 Duke Law Magazine 75

In Memoriam
Indiana, and was a member of the faculty
at the University of Illinois College of Law.
A quadriplegic and a renowned scholar
on disability law, Professor Milani wrote
four books and numerous articles on
the law of disability discrimination, and
served as a consultant to many attorneys
around the country on those issues. In
2003, Professor Milani was elected to
the American Law Institute. In 2004, he
was honored by the University of Notre
Dame Alumni Association for his public
service on behalf of the disabled. Mr.
Milani was a devoted Notre Dame football
and Duke basketball fan. He is survived
by his parents, Joan and Ken Milani of
South Bend, IN; his brother, Michael
Milani of Hinsdale, IL; sister, Maria Moon
of Leesburg, SC; three nephews, David
Rogers, Michael Rogers and Jim Milani;
and two nieces, Hannah Dokey and Katie
Milani.
Mary Elizabeth Spear, 40, died February
26, 2005 in Santa Barbara, CA. She was
born December 30, 1964 in Hays, KS, to
Guy and Laura Johnson Spear. She grew
up in Winston-Salem, NC, attending
Summit School until ninth grade, and
graduating from Forsyth Country Day
School in Lewisville in 1983. Ms. Spear
was an accomplished runner at an early
age, ranking number one in high school
in the one-mile for three years. She won
state championships and participated
in U.S. Olympic trials. After graduating
as her high school’s valedictorian,
she attended the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill on a Morehead
Scholarship. There she majored in
political science, spent her junior year
in France, and graduated Phi Beta
Kappa. Ms. Spear spent some time
doing volunteer work in West Africa.
Ms. Spear studied law in Liege, Belgium
for a year on a Rotary scholarship,
prior to entering Duke Law School.
Upon graduation, she clerked for North
Carolina Supreme Court Justice Willis
P. Whichard. Ms. Spear married C.
Edson Armi in 1991, and lived in France
until her husband’s appointment to the
University of California took the family
to Santa Barbara. She was admitted to
the California Bar in 1994, and was hired
by the Santa Barbara County Public
Defender, realizing a long held ambition.
She worked for eight years as a criminal
defense attorney before illness forced
her to take a leave of absence. She
leaves behind her two daughters,
Jemma, 9 and Rovenna, 3; and her
husband. Other survivors include her
three brothers; Christopher of Norfolk,
VA, Michael of New York City, and
Matthew, of Charlotte, NC.
76
Duke Law Magazine Fall 2005

Duke Law School
Selected Events
Fall 2005
SEPTEMBER
26
Great Lives in the Law
Janet Reno
Sponsored by the Program in Public Law
27
Fourth Annual Herbert L. Bernstein Memorial Lecture
Richard Buxbaum
Jackson H. Ralston Professor of International Law,
Boalt Hall, University of California, Berkeley
OCTOBER
7–8
Leadership Weekend
Meetings of the Board of Visitors, Law Alumni Association
Board, and Future Forum
21
Duke Environmental Law and Policy Forum
2005 Fall Symposium
NOVEMBER
11
Distributive Justice Issues in American Health Care Symposium
Sponsored by Law and Contemporary Problems
14
Brainerd Currie Memorial Lecture
William Van Alstyne
Lee Professor, William and Mary Law School

Duke Law Magazine
Duke University Law School
Box 90389
Durham, NC 27708-0389
Address service requested
NON-PROFIT ORG.
U.S. POSTAGE
PAID
DURHAM, NC
PERMIT NO. 60

Honor Roll of Donors
Honor Roll of Donors
This report gratefully acknowledges the generosity of the many
alumni and friends who provide vital support to Duke Law School.
The Law School operates on a fiscal-year calendar and gifts listed
in this report were received between July 1, 2004 and June 30,
2005. Every effort has been made to avoid errors, and we apologize
for any that might appear. Please contact us with corrections.
J. Kelly Scarbeau, Assistant Director of Development,
Stewardship and Communications
Telephone: 919-613-7205 Toll-free: 888-LAW-ALUM
Email: scarbeau@law.duke.edu
The Lanty L.
Smith Society
The Lanty L. Smith Society,
named for the Law School’s
first $1 million donor,
recognizes alumni and
friends whose cumulative
gifts and pledges to the Law
School total $1 million or
more. We are grateful to this
growing group for its loyal
and tremendous support of
Duke Law School.
Anonymous (7)
The Atlantic Philanthropies
Bob Barker
Joan P. Beber
Robert H. Beber ’57
Charles A. Cannon Trust #3
The Duke Endowment
Kathrine Robinson
Everett Charitable
Testamentary Trust
Robinson O. Everett ’59
Marcy R. Horvitz †
Richard Alan Horvitz ’78
Richard & Marcy Horvitz
Foundation
Bettysue Cameron Hughes
Jeffrey P. Hughes ’65
Kresge Foundation
Moreland Management
Company
David D. Noble ’66
Donald E. & Alice M. Noble
Foundation, Inc.
Estate of James E. Padilla ’78
Archibald C. Rufty †
Frances F. Rufty ’45
Archibald and Frances Rufty
Foundation
Jeroll R. Silverberg ’46
Lanty L. Smith ’67
Margaret Chandler Smith
Stanley A. Star ’61
Star Family Foundation
L. Neil Williams, Jr. ’61
Sue S. Williams
Barrister Donor
Society
The Barristers are a
distinguished group of Duke
Law alumni and friends who
share a commitment to the
future of the Law School and
its students. We are especially
grateful in this fiscal year to
our Barrister donors, many
of whom increased their
giving levels from the original
$1,000 minimum contribution
level to the new $2,500 level.
We deeply appreciate your
continued membership.
The Latty Circle
$100,000+
Anonymous (5)
Bob Barker
Charles A. Cannon Trust #3
Community Foundation of
Greater Greensboro Inc.
The Duke Endowment
Kathrine Robinson
Everett Charitable
Testamentary Trust
Robinson O. Everett ’59
Estate of Marion G. Follin
Richard Alan Horvitz ’78
Richard & Marcy Horvitz
Foundation
David W. Ichel ’78
Estate of Tom Karas ’59
David D. Noble ’66
Donald E. & Alice M. Noble
Foundation, Inc.
Estate of James E. Padilla ’78
Lanty L. Smith ’67
Margaret Chandler Smith
Numa Lamar Smith, Jr. ’41
Mary Gray Smith
Stanley A. Star ’61
Star Family Foundation
The Everett Circle
$50,000 - $99,999
Anonymous (2)
The Atlantic Philanthropies
Carl E. Bolch, Jr. ’67
G. William Brown, Jr. ’80
Randi Feiner
Stuart F. Feiner ’74
Jill I. Fishman
Mark A. Fishman ’78
Bettysue Cameron Hughes
Jeffrey P. Hughes ’65
George R. Krouse, Jr. ’70
Susan N. Krouse
Amy M. Moss
Frances F. Rufty ’45
Sutherland Asbill
& Brennan LLP
The Shimm Circle
$25,000 - $49,999
Anonymous (1)
Branch Banking & Trust Co.
David M. Eisenberg ’77
Mary A. Ferguson
Raymond Buck Ferguson ’70
Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund
Jane T. Hahn
John S. Hahn
Anthony S. Harrington ’66
Robert M. Hart ’69
Anna Ho
Elizabeth F. Kuniholm ’80
Joel M. Lasker ’69
Louise Lasker
Robert G. Moskowitz ’77
Michael A. O’Hara ’92
Toys “R” Us Children’s
Fund, Inc.
Herbert J. Zimmer
Ronna T. Zimmer
Barrister Colleague
$10,000 - $24,999
Alfred G. Adams, Jr. ’74
Sarah H. Adams ’73
Aon Risk Services
ARS National Practice Groups
Ayco Charitable Foundation
Bank of America Corporation
Katharine T. Bartlett
Alan R. Bender ’79
Joyce S. Bender
Daniel S. Bowling III ’80
Elizabeth G. Bowling
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Foundation
Colin Wegand Brown ’74
Robert A. Buchholz ’98
Stuart Upchurch Buice
William T. Buice III ’64
Bessie M. Carrington
Paul D. Carrington
Candace M. Carroll ’74
Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen
& Hamilton
Robert P. Cochran ’74
Suzanne H. Cochran
Robert & Suzanne Cochran
Family Foundation
Community Foundation for
Greater Atlanta Inc.
James P. Davenport ’69
Nancy G. Davenport
Dara Lyn DeHaven ’80
Laura B. Di Giantonio ’79
Michael R. Dockterman ’78
Davis W. Duke, Jr. ’59
Evada Foundation Ltd.
Gail W. Feagles ’76
Prentiss Eric Feagles ’76
Bonnie S. Fleming
J. Carlton Fleming ’51
Foundation for the Carolinas
Ronald W. Frank ’72
Goldman Sachs & Company
Caroline B. Gottschalk ’90
George G. Guthrie ’67
Donna L. Hardiman
John L. Hardiman ’82
Hillsdale Fund, Inc.
IOLTA Board of Trustees
Peter J. Kahn ’76
Christopher K. Kay ’78
Kristine K. Kay
Kim & Chang
John R. Knight ’83
Paul R. Koepff ’73
LCS & Partners Law Firm
Oliver Tsung Wen Lee ’01
David M. Lieberman ’89
Gary G. Lynch ’75
Mayer Brown Rowe
& Maw LLP
McGraw-Hill Companies
Merrill Lynch
Robert K. Montgomery ’64
New York Stock Exchange
Foundation
North Carolina State Bar
Board of Continuing
Legal Education
Michael T. Petrik ’83
David R. Poe ’74
Irene B. Ponce ’89
Mario A. Ponce ’88
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
PUA & Associates
Richemont International SA
Jayne L. Rosenberg
Peter David Rosenberg ’78
James R. Safley ’68
Glenn R. Sarno ’92
A. Daniel Scheinman ’87
Zoe Scheinman
Sabine Schmidt-Pischner ’89
Christopher H. Schroeder
Shearman & Sterling
Allen G. Siegel ’60
Rochelle R. Siegel
Leonard B. Simon ’73
Simpson Thacher & Bartlett LLP
Skadden Arps Slate
Meagher & Flom
Kenneth W. Starr ’73
Gillian Steel
Robert King Steel
Robert K. Steel Family
Foundation
William F. Stevens ’70
Melvin S. Taub ’44
Chilton D. Varner
K. Morgan Varner III ’66
Constance Elizabeth Vaught
Wachovia Corporation
Ann Heath Walker
Clarence W. Walker ’55
John L. Walker ’77
L. Neil Williams, Jr. ’61
Sue S. Williams
Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich
& Rosati
Way-Wen Yang ’99
Sustaining Member
$5,000 - $9,999
Anonymous (2)
Jean T. Adams ’79
Andrew E. Adelson ’66
Virginia B. Adelson
Jaime Eduardo Aleman ’78
Allen & Overy LLP
American International
Group, Inc.
J. Bradford Anwyll ’82
Peter B. Archie ’65
Todd Hunter Bailey ’76
Linna M. Barnes ’76
Claudia C. Beard
John Q. Beard ’60
Renee Elizabeth Becnel ’90
Faith Bell Trust
BellSouth Corporation
Daniel Scott Berman ’92
Karen A. Bussel Berman ’92
Donald Haskell Beskind ’77
Bessemer Trust Company, N.A.
Janie Bezanson
Thomas E. Bezanson
Estate of Anita W. Bidlake
Daniel T. Blue, Jr. ’73
Edna Earle Blue
Needham J. Boddie II
J. A. Bouknight, Jr. ’68
John M. Bremer ’74
Cynthia Jones Buck
Peter Coleman Buck ’76
Robert L. Burrus, Jr. ’58
John A. Canning, Jr. ’69
Canning Foundation
David B. Chaffin ’83
Deborah Chiles
Stephen M. Chiles ’67
Reginald J. Clark ’78
Ronald Louis Claveloux ’84
Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc.
Coca-Cola Foundation
Marie L. Crawford
† Deceased
HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

Stephen G. Crawford ’64
Deborah A. DeMott
Charles A. Dukes, Jr. ’57
Rebecca W. Dukes
Paul B. Ford, Jr. ’68
Ross Carey Formell ’87
Charles D. Ganz ’72
Howard G. Godwin, Jr. ’69
Mary Ann McDonough
Godwin
Jeffrey B. Golden
Rita P. Golden
Raymond Hayes
Goodmon III ’77
Susan S. Goodmon
Donna C. Gregg ’74
Robert Edgar Gregg ’74
Joseph M. Griffin ’61
Priscilla G. Griffin
Susanne I. Haas ’87
Thomas Andrew Hale ’82
C. Wells Hall III ’73
Kathleen M. Hamm ’88
Martha J. Hays ’82
Andrew S. Hedden ’66
Harriet T. Holderness
John Richard Holzgraefe ’79
Richard Louis Horwitz ’82
Jonathan T. Howe ’66
Kenneth Charles Hunt ’76
Lisa Combs Jern ’90
Christopher G. Kelly ’86
Glenn E. Ketner, Jr. ’63
Mary C. Kilbourn
Cynthia M. King ’89
King & Spalding
David G. Klaber ’69
Donald C. Lampe ’82
Emmett B. Lewis III ’67
Donald R. Lincoln ’67
Mary J. Lincoln
James E. Luebchow ’73
Carl F. Lyon ’68
Maryann Lyon
Marsh & McLennan
Companies, Inc.
Margaret A. McCormick
Michael D. McCormick
Mary L. McKee
Antonio Mendes ’67
Pearl Meyer & Partners, Inc.
Peter J. Michel ’66
Elaine Pouletson Miller
Martin J. Miller ’68
Christian J. Mixter ’77
JP Morgan Chase Foundation
Francis H. Morrison III ’75
Sally M. Morrison
NIKE, Inc.
Northwestern Mutual Life
Foundation
Robin Panovka ’86
Paul J. Pantano, Jr. ’80
Robert Bruce Parrish ’78
Robert K. Payson ’64
Happy R. Perkins ’80
Pfizer Inc.
David H. Potel ’81
Alice H. Prater ’87
Harlan I. Prater IV ’87
† Deceased
Robert B. Pringle ’69
Elizabeth Hitchins Quigley ’94
L. Matthew Quigley ’94
R.J. Reynolds Foundation
Wendy A. Robineau
Bruce L. Rogers ’87
Rosenberg, Minc, Falkoff
& Wolff LLP
Thomas D. Rowe, Jr.
Michael C. Russ ’69
Salisbury Community
Foundation
Elizabeth Y. Schiff ’85
James Andrew Schiff
Robert C. & Adele R.
Schiff Foundation
Thomas H. Sear ’72
Shepard Broad Foundation
Sidney W. Smith, Jr. ’49
Eric I. Song
Patricia Tilley Song ’98
SpencerStuart
Albert F. Stevenson
Lynn W. Stevenson
Corinne D. Stewart
Lindsay D. Stewart
Paul K. Sun, Jr. ’89
David K. Taylor, Jr. ’49
Teachers Insurance & Annuity
Association
James W. Ummer ’72
Janet Sue Ummer
United Way of Delaware Inc.
Charles O. Verrill, Jr. ’62
Wachovia Corporation
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen &
Katz Foundation
Michael R. Walsh ’63
Kim W. West ’77
John R. Wester ’72
Thomas W. Winland ’74
Tyla Winland
Winston & Strawn LLP
Winston-Salem Foundation
Member
$2,500 - $4,999
(donors paying on pre-existing
multi-year Barrister level
pledges, as well as graduates
of five years or less, judges,
educators, and those who
work for the government or
non-profit organizations are
Members at $1,000 annually)
Anonymous (4)
Mohammed Abdulrahman
Al-Sheaibi ’93
Edwin Robert Acheson, Jr. ’80
Thomas R. Adams
John Hamilton Adams ’62
Clifford R. Adler ’82
ADP Foundation
Advisory Publications
Ujin Ahn ’05
Juan F. Aleman ’91
Bruce D. Alexander ’68
Christine N. Alexander
James P. Alexander ’69
Jeanne B. Alexander
David H. Allard ’56
American University
Darius K. Amjadi ’90
Kristine M. Andreassen ’04
Harris R. Anthony ’76
Linda V. L. Anthony
Scott A. Arenare ’89
Trever K. Asam ’04
Patricia C. Ayres
Mary Reynolds Babcock
Foundation
Bruce W. Baber ’79
Cynthia G. Baber
Richard G. Bacon ’67
Ann K. Bailey
Robert Kevin Bailey ’98
Cynthia Lee Baker
Bank of America
Bank of America Foundation
Louis Jay Barash ’79
Thomas W. H. Barlow ’72
James Edison Bauman ’82
Duncan M. Beale
Sara Sun Beale
Bear Stearns & Company
Leif C. Beck ’59
Brenda B. Becton ’74
Charles L. Becton ’69
John Cole Beeler ’76
Pamela J. Beeler
Sarah E. Bell ’04
Thomas A. Belles ’81
Brian R. Berman ’04
Jennifer A. Berman ’04
Dale S. Bernard
Daniel F. Bernard ’67
James Wilson Berry, Jr. ’74
John T. Berteau ’67
Philip J. Bezanson ’04
Thomas J. Biafore ’91
Ellen J. Bickal ’80
C. Thomas Biggs ’62
Mary G. Biggs
David L. Blisk ’83
Daniel Terry Blue III ’01
Grace C. Boddie ’51
Brian W. Bolster
R. Lawrence Bonner ’80
J. Sidney Boone ’69
BOS Foundation
David K. Bowsher ’99
Tamala T. Boyd ’04
Dana G. Bradford II ’73
William H. Bradford, Jr. ’62
David F. Bradley
Laura L. Bradley ’92
Hans J. Brasseler ’92
Antonio B. Braz ’86
Steven T. Breaux ’89
Marjorie L. Breisblatt
Robert B. Breisblatt ’72
John D. Briggs ’86
Valerie T. Broadie ’79
Val C. Brooks ’53
Robert T. Brousseau ’72
Duane E. Brown ’83
Frederick Brown ’75
Janine Brown ’86
Jackson B. Browning, Jr. ’73
Katharine B. Buchanan
Phillip H. Buchanan
James E. Buck ’60
Judith Buhrman
Richard W. Buhrman ’66
Buhrman & Associates, P.C.
John Arthur Busch ’76
Blain B. Butner ’80
Denise Caffrey ’76
Margaret Carter Callahan ’84
James H. Carll ’75
John C. Carlyle ’64
Leslie P. Carnegie ’99
David C. Carroll
Sally C. Carroll ’86
Patricia A. Casey ’82
Michael C. Castellon ’86
Victor A. Cavanaugh ’70
Cecile H. Chadwick
Harry R. Chadwick, Jr. ’53
James M. Chadwick ’80
Laurel R. Chadwick
Chalfont Foundation, Inc.
Sohini Chatterjee ’04
Kyoungjin Choi
Graham J. Chynoweth ’04
Theresa M. Claffey ’99
Charles M. Clark, Jr.
Robert L. Clifford ’50
Brent O.E. Clinkscale ’86
Charles T. Clotfelter
Kristin Ramsey Clyde ’92
Thomas MacIver Clyde ’92
John J. Coleman III ’81
Ronald T. Coleman, Jr. ’86
Curtis L. Collier ’74
Virginia Combs
Lorynn A. Cone ’79
Thomas E. Cone ’81
John W. Connolly III ’85
Norman G. Cooper ’67
Dean M. Cordiano ’76
Valerie B. Cordiano
Tia Lynn Cottey ’85
Joyce M. Coughlan
Patrick C. Coughlan ’65
Lea Courington ’77
Covington & Burling
James D. Cox
CSX Corporation
Justin T. Curley ’04
John Curry ’05
Sarah V. Dadush ’04
J. Michael Dalton ’82
Mark Francis Daly ’98
Richard A. Danner
Donald A. Daucher ’71
Robert Norman Davies ’61
Herbert O. Davis ’60
Kenneth Roy Davis ’78
Sarah H. Davis ’04
John Sabine DeGroote ’90
Christine M. DeMott ’00
Alfonso de Orbegoso ’89
Donald P. Dietrich ’61
Donald P. Dietrich II ’90
Kristyn E. Dietrich ’90
Rodney J. Dillman ’78
Mark R. DiOrio ’88
Adrian E. Dollard ’95
Anne L. Dollard ’94
Christopher A. Donesa ’92
Elizabeth E. Doscher ’00
Robert L. Dougherty ’82
Fritz L. Duda, Jr. ’93
Fritz L. Duda, Sr.
James F. Duda
Duda Family Foundation
Duke Energy Foundation
Allyson K. Duncan ’75
Christine M. Durham ’71
George Homer Durham II
Durham Merchants
Association Charitable
Foundation
Christopher Dean Dusseault ’94
J. Scott Dyer ’80
Michael L. Eckerle ’77
Susan L. Edelheit ’78
Lisa Anne Eichhorn ’90
Bruce A. Elvin ’93
Rebecca B. Elvin
John D. Englar ’72
Jeremy C. Entwisle ’04
Katharine H. Ervin
Paul Revere Ervin, Jr. ’65
Raymond J. Etcheverry ’76
ExxonMobil Foundation
Nita Farahany ’04
Christopher P. Fazekas ’04
Fidelity Foundation
Maria J. Fincher ’84
Harry J. Finke IV ’82
Lynn Rosenthal Fletcher ’83
Robert Parker Fletcher ’83
James L. Fogle ’75
Linda Cox Fornaciari ’81
Stuart M. Foss ’68
Mark Stephen Foster ’73
Benjamin Eagles
Fountain III ’83
Sharon M. Fountain ’82
James R. Fox ’71
Jennifer Lynne Franklin ’98
Anne Marie O. Fred
John D. Fred ’04
Richard M. Freeman ’74
Harold I. Freilich ’77
James C. Frenzel ’70
Carl H. Fridy ’73
Jean Louderback Fridy
David A. Friedman ’57
Marilyn Nelson Friedman
David E. Friedman ’88
Melinda M. Friedman
Haley J. Fromholz ’67
Paul Jay Fukushima ’75
Nancy S. Fuller
Robert W. Fuller III ’83
W. Erwin Fuller, Jr. ’64
Anton Henry Gaede, Jr. ’64
Robert J. Gallagher, Jr. ’04
William J. Gallwey III ’72
Pamela Brooks Gann ’73
Melissa Ganz ’05
Donald B. Gardiner ’65
Jill M. Gardner
Seth Evan Gardner ’94
Paul R. Genender ’94
General Electric Company
Joe W. Gerstein ’52

Sheila B. Gerstein
Robert R. Ghoorah ’97
Stanley Martin Gibson ’91
Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP
Thomas William Giegerich ’80
Seagrumn L. Gilbert ’04
Steven R. Gilford ’78
GKN Foundation
Emily S. Glaze
Richard Edward Glaze ’57
Reena N. Glazer ’94
James Anthony Gleason ’92
Ellen J. Gleberman
Marc E. Golden ’88
L. Alan Goldsberry ’69
Jason Wells Goode ’00
Joyce N. Gordon
Richard A. Gordon ’67
Croley W. Graham, Jr. ’77
Robert Toms Gray ’00
S. Ward Greene ’73
Harry L. Griffin, Jr. ’63
Robert J. Gronek ’78
Michael S. Guntersdorfer ’04
Thomas B. Hadzor
Eric H. Halvorson ’76
Donald Ross Hamilton, Jr.
Katherine M. Hamilton
John D. Hamilton ’56
Robert T. Harper ’79
Susan F. Harper
Robert E. Harrington ’87
Scott D. Harrington ’83
Sharon Carr Harrington ’89
Claibourne S. Harrison ’03
James K. Hasson, Jr. ’70
Clark C. Havighurst
Karen W. Havighurst
Harry J. Haynsworth IV ’64
Susan L. Heilbronner ’91
Frederick E. Henry III ’72
Jennifer Y. Henry ’97
Vallie J. Henry
Jerry H. Herman ’79
Mark R. High ’79
Paul A. Hilstad ’69
L. Cecily Hines ’81
William A. Hirsch ’64
A. Everett Hoeg III ’72
Michael K. Hoffman ’89
Hogan & Hartson L.L.P.
Holland & Knight
Eric James Holshouser ’80
Lori Terens Holshouser ’80
Elizabeth Anne Holt ’00
Jay Roderick Hone ’77
Honeywell
Merrill F. Hoopengardner ’04
Kimberly Hill Hoover ’83
Dawson Horn III ’83
Richard T. Hossfeld ’04
Daniel John Hostetler ’73
John A. Howell ’75
Regina D. Howell
Harvey C. Hubbell Trust
Richard D. Huff ’72
Randall L. Hughes ’68
Larry D. Irick ’82
Eric Alan Isaacson ’85
Hugh G. Isley, Jr. ’53
Margo E. Jackson ’79
N. Anthony Jeffries ’92
Samuel W. Johnson ’72
Velma H. Johnson
Lauren W. Jones ’84
Ann Turner Jordan
Robert W. Jordan
Margaret H. Jorgensen
Thomas A. Jorgensen ’67
JustGive
Michael H. Kahn ’77
D. Ward Kallstrom, Jr. ’77
Stefanie I. Kandzia ’04
Jonathon H. Kaplan ’90
Juliet J. Karastelev ’03
Daniel Franklin Katz ’83
Edward E. Kaufman
Lynne M. Kaufman
Joel I. Keiler ’60
Mary Eskridge Keiler
Christine K. Kelly
Christopher Mark Kelly ’86
James J. Kenny ’62
Nannerl O. Keohane
Robert Keohane
Brian D. King ’00
Eleanor D. Kinney ’73
Ann Pfohl Kirby
Blake A. Klein ’04
Christopher N. Knight ’71
Emily Turner Knight
Robert B. Krakow ’81
Jacqueline M. Krebs
Kenneth J. Krebs ’84
Kresge Foundation
Kromann Reumert
La Macchia Family Foundation
Patricia D. Larson
Philip C. Larson ’71
David D. Laufer ’69
John D. Leech ’64
Matthew N. Leerberg ’06
Thomas G. Lenne ’05
Karl W. Leo ’83
Glenn W. Letham ’72
Jay Jordon Levin ’74
Adele O. Levitt ’77
Dana N. Levitt ’77
Ogden Lewis
Christian A. Libson
Jeffrey P. Libson ’81
Trent William Ling ’91
Wendy Sartory Link ’89
Christopher Wendel Loeb ’84
Edward A. Loeser ’51
London Drugs Foundation
Stuart D. Louie ’03
John F. Lowndes ’58
Estate of William J. Lowry ’49
Charles C. Lucas III ’90
Donal A. Luna ’04
Cosmas N. Lykos ’93
Kelli-Anne Lykos
Stephen M. Lynch ’86
Janice F. Madden
Paul C. Madden ’72
Cynthia B. Maddox ’87
Robert L. Maddox III ’87
Thomas D. Magill ’76
Jennifer D’Arcy Maher ’83
George R. Mahoney, Jr. ’67
Jane Makela ’78
Christopher D. Mangum ’85
Kent L. Mann ’76
Marathon Oil Company
Foundation
CoraLynn H. Marshall ’78
Daniel S. Mason ’72
Gary Edward Mason ’87
Mathis-Pfohl Foundation
James B. Maxwell ’66
Richard C. Maxwell
Robert W. Maxwell II ’68
Laurie E. May
Randolph J. May ’71
David L. Maynard ’62
Alfred R. Mays ’56
Robert A. Mays ’04
Gray McCalley, Jr. ’79
Mary Jo McCalley
Rachel Kosmal McCart ’95
Ralph L. McCaughan ’66
Susan B. McCaughan
Keith A. McCausland
Jerry J. McCoy ’66
Daniel M. McDonald ’66
Robert L. McFadden ’54
William B. McGuire ’33
Duncan O. McKee ’56
Alexander Ward McKeithen ’63
Celeste P. McLain
S. Lynn McLain ’74
Thomas E. McLain ’74
Joseph A. McManus, Jr. ’72
Thomas P. Meehan ’65
Timothy Elmer Meredith ’77
Craig Benton Merkle ’81
Paula Krahn Merkle ’81
Heloise C. Merrill ’77
Charles W. Mertel ’64
John Donald Methfessel, Jr. ’86
Nancy Metzloff
Thomas B. Metzloff
Ralf C. Michaels
John J. Michels, Jr. ’85
H. Todd Miller ’71
June L. Miller
Albert Garver Moore, Jr. ’77
James R. Moore ’69
Carol Preston Morgan
Thomas H. Morgan ’66
William Douglas Morris ’85
Douglas B. Morton ’71
Eric Keith Moser ’89
Maurine Mills Murtagh ’96
Barbara F. Musselwhite
Marvin D. Musselwhite, Jr. ’63
David J. Naftzinger ’73
Robert J. Nagy ’88
Steven Paul Natko ’84
Charles B. Neely, Jr. ’70
Phillip W. Nelson ’04
Theresa A. Newman ’88
Paul G. Nofer ’87
Sidney J. Nurkin ’66
Kenneth J. Nussbacher ’77
Loretta Nussbacher
Rohan Oberoi ’05
Bernard Robert Okun
Deanna T. Okun ’90
Susan Freya Olive ’77
Wendy Beth Oliver ’87
J. D. Page ’77
Laurel D. Palmer
Richard A. Palmer ’66
David W. Pancoast ’67
Carol S. Pancoast
David W. Pancost
Karen B. Pancost ’76
Stevan Joseph Pardo ’84
William R. Patterson ’50
William L. Patton ’68
William H. Pauley III ’77
Glen A. Payne ’72
Ann Gerald Pearlman
Michael A. Pearlman ’70
Andrew J. Peck ’77
Jeffrey J. Peck
Peek Cobb Edwards & Ashton
John E. Pelletier ’89
Stephen P. Pepe ’68
Jerry P. Peppers ’71
Sue E. Peppers
Kelly A. Perry ’03
M. Catherine Peshkin ’03
Calvin R. Peters
Pamela A. Peters ’78
Stephen C. Peters ’83
Christopher J. Petrini ’87
Julie O. Petrini ’87
Elizabeth O’Shea Pfohl
James M. Pfohl
Calvin R. Phelan ’73
Marianne Philip ’83
Robert D. Phillips, Jr. ’78
Susan G. Phillips ’78
Ashmead P. Pipkin ’75
Marjorie A. Pipkin
David C. Pishko ’77
Mary Jane Brown Pishko
Thomas B. Pitcher ’66
Gary A. Poliner ’77
Ildiko Poliner
David Bruce Post ’76
Wesley R. Powell ’94
Llewelyn G. Pritchard ’61
Procter & Gamble Fund
Danae Kay Prousis ’75
Deana Kay Pruitt ’91
Leonard V. Quigley
Lynn Quigley
Lindsey A. Rader ’87
Chris A. Rallis ’78
The Rallis Richner
Foundation, Inc.
R. Dennis Rasor
Dustin B. Rawlin ’00
Meggan L. Rawlin ’01
C. Richard Rayburn, Jr. ’74
Yvonne M. Rayburn
Frank T. Read ’63
Roxane Frances Reardon ’93
Roger A. Reed ’73
Mark D. Reeth ’86
Ronald L. Reisner ’72
William A. Reppy, Jr.
C. Nicholas Revelos ’65
Wayne A. Rich ’67
Juliana C. Richards ’04
Melanie B. Richards
Russell Bachman Richards ’74
Keri Ann Richardson ’05
Gail Levin Richmond ’71
Michael L. Richmond ’71
Allison H. Ridder ’05
Julie M. Riewe ’99
John F. Rigney ’84
Karen W. Rigney
James P. Riley ’64
Carolyn Pritchard Riordan
Robert P. Riordan ’84
Celia A. Roady ’76
Stephen E. Roady ’76
Edgar J. Roberts, Jr. ’63
E. Norwood Robinson ’52
Frederick Robinson ’82
Pauline Gray Robinson
Russell M. Robinson II ’56
Sally D. Robinson
Keith A. Rogers ’04
Jennifer P. Rose ’81
Leo Rose III ’81
Ele Ross
J. David Ross ’63
Susan C. Ross
James S. Rowe ’91
Stuart H. Russell ’04
Mark William Ryan ’81
James A. Rydzel ’71
Mary Chandler Rydzel
Adam G. Safwat ’94
Christopher A. Sajdera ’04
Hideyuki Sakai ’82
Dudley Saleeby ’69
John R. Sapp ’69
Richard L. Schmalbeck
Nathan G. Schmidt ’03
Per Haakon Schmidt ’83
Daniel R. Schnur ’86
Deborah S. Schnur
Sarah E. Schott ’00
Schwab Fund for
Charitable Giving
David Abba Schwarz ’88
Michael J. Schwartz ’82
Nancy Nell Scott ’01
Laura Segal & Associates, Inc.
Angel C. Seufert
Christopher P. Seufert ’01
Vincent L. Sgrosso ’62
John Sharkey ’87
Bryan E. Sharratt ’71
Dale R. Shaw
Nancy Russell Shaw ’73
Robert J. Shenkin ’70
Susan W. Shenkin
John A. Sherrill ’72
Steven R. Shoemate ’88
Jacqueline O. Shogan ’90
Jeffrey Shogan
Beth B. Sholtz
Fredericka S. Sholtz
Michael C. Sholtz ’88
Barbara L. Sibley
Kenneth D. Sibley ’85
Alexander Jackson
Simmons, Jr. ’86
Alphonso Simon, Jr. ’04
Halcyon E. Skinner ’73
Amy Beth C. Slutkin ’91
Andrew G. Slutkin ’91
Jesse T. Smallwood ’04
† Deceased
HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

David B. Smith, Jr.
James D. Smith ’86
Lori S. Smith ’84
Margaret Taylor Smith
Randell Clark Smith
Rodney A. Smolla ’78
Brian A. Snow ’66
Sarah Kathleen Solum ’98
Michael J. Sorrell ’94
Madison Stockton
Spach, Jr. ’80
Spach & Associates, P.C.
Patricia Ann Speth ’84
John Clay Spinrad ’83
Robert E. Spring ’77
Linda G. Steckley
William H. Steinbrink ’67
Sonja Steptoe ’85
Thomas C. Stevens ’74
Kristen Larkin Stewart ’86
Caroline P. Stoel ’37
Thomas B. Stoel ’37
Nita L. Stormes ’79
Dayton K. Stout ’04
Sandra J. Strebel ’62
Donald R. Strickland ’84
Kathy Brooks Strickland
Walter A. Stringfellow III ’71
Brian T. Sumner ’04
Marinos T. Svolos ’60
Sebastia L. Svolos
Edward Patrick Swan, Jr. ’79
Edward N. Swanson ’55
Mark B. Sweet ’03
Jeffrey E. Tabak ’82
Marilyn D. Tabak
Letty M. Tanchum ’73
Michael L. Tanchum ’72
Lovita T. Tandy ’96
David C. Tarshes ’81
Richard Eric Teller ’74
C. Brooke Temple III ’96
Juliann Tenney ’79
F. Roger Thaler ’63
Imogene H. Thaler
Roger P. Thomasch ’67
Fred Thompson III ’79
Thompson & Knight
Foundation
Adrienne T. Tietz
Paul H. Tietz ’75
Gerald B. Tjoflat ’57
Joel B. Toomey ’82
Diane Rowley Toop ’79
Richard Scott Toop ’80
Dalia Topelson ’04
Ernest C. Torres ’68
Rebecca L. Torrey ’90
Mariya S. Treisman ’00
Michael B. Treisman ’00
Josiah C. Trent Memorial
Foundation
Triangle Community
Foundation Inc.
Andrew T. Tripp ’04
H. Glenn Tucker ’80
Wendy W. Tucker
Nwabundo Enuma
Ume-Nwagbo ’02
Sue Ellen Utley ’70
† Deceased
Darrell R. Van Deusen ’85
Jeremy M. Veit ’00
Julie O. Veit ’00
Michael K. Vernier ’87
William Robert Vezina III ’81
Vezina, Lawrence
& Piscitelli, P.A.
Neil Vidmar
Robert R. Vieth ’84
Richard H. Vincent ’65
Charles Donald Vogel ’79
Edward Walter Vogel III ’76
John D. Volk ’73
Patricia H. Wagner ’74
Kathryn Gray Ward ’80
Taylor D. Ward ’88
Thomas Hartwell Warren ’95
Sharon K. Wasserman ’81
Steven D. Wasserman ’79
Susan K. Weaver ’88
Peter D. Webster ’74
Ilene T. Weinreich ’93
Peter G. Weinstock ’85
Peter A. Weitzel
Anne R. West
William K. West, Jr. ’62
Gerald T. Wetherington ’63
Dennis E. Wieczorek ’77
Wiener and Garg, LLC
Beth D. Wilkinson ’88
T. Scott Wilkinson ’88
Lewis T. Williams
Mari Williams
Mary Ellen C. Williams ’77
C. Bryan Wilson ’04
Alan D. Wingfield ’87
Emily O. Wingfield ’87
David Wisen ’88
John J. Witmeyer III ’71
David J. Wittenstein ’81
Lee L. Wittenstein
Calder W. Womble ’47
Martha H. Womble
Susan Elizabeth Wood ’02
Michele J. Woods ’90
C. Thomas Work ’77
Robert A. Wrzosek ’97
James Frank Wyatt III ’82
Yan Xuan ’87
Ellen C. Yates
John C. Yates ’81
Jon Carl Yergler ’79
Clifford J. Zatz ’79
Jonathan Marc Zeitler ’93
Bradley T. Zimmer ’03
James B. Zimpritch ’73
Meredith Zinanni ’03
Samuel F. Mordecai
Fellows
$1,000 - $2,499
(graduates of five years or less
are Fellows at $500 annually)
Doug B. Abrams
Margaret S. Abrams
Abdul Rahman Al-Nafisah ’80
Adam H. Arkel ’02
Charles D. Axelrod ’66
Elisabeth J. Barek ’00
Robert P. Barnett ’48
Lynn Digby Baxter
Timothy Andrew Baxter ’88
Adam J. Bedel ’05
Gregg S. Behr ’00
Robert Harrison Bell ’02
Alison Waugh Benge ’02
Demarron A. Berkley ’05
Lloyd D. Berkowitz
Lorraine Shook Berkowitz ’82
Mark Lawrence Bieter ’01
Richard A. Bogue ’75
Nancy T. Bowen ’81
Andrea L. Bradford ’02
Jeffrey Dana Bradford ’02
Anthony H. Brett ’79
Joseph J. Brigati ’65
Brian C. Brook ’05
Donald B. Brooks ’68
Deborah D. Brown ’87
Gregory V. Brown ’95
B. Bernard Burns, Jr. ’73
Patsy L. Burns
Randall A. Burrows ’80
Mark R. Busch ’95
Valerie Y. Busch ’94
Paige T. Button ’94
Timothy H. Button
Cadwalader, Wickersham
& Taft
Lisa M. Campoli ’02
ChevronTexaco
Douglas D. Chunn
Kyle Anne Citrynell ’80
Jonathan E. Claiborne ’81
Neil Peter Clain, Jr. ’80
Community Foundation of
Western North Carolina
Crape Myrtle Festival
Donald B. Craven ’67
Crowder Construction
Company
Collin J. Cox ’01
Eugene M. Cummings
William M. Curtis ’65
Davis Charitable Lead Trust
Linwood L. Davis ’67
Timothy Joseph DeBaets ’75
Mark D. DeSantis ’86
Dewey Ballantine
Robert Wallace Dickey III ’97
Derek R. Dillman ’05
John K. Dion
Karen E. Dion
Helen Irene Dooley ’95
Nora K. Doolin ’05
Steven R. Dottheim ’78
Dow, Lohnes and Albertson
Jonathan L. Drake ’84
Raymond Craft Dryer ’74
Thomas E. Dunn ’92
M. Frances Durden ’85
John W. Edwards II ’74
Denise Marie Elmer ’81
Caroline E. Emerson ’85
Elizabeth Parker Engle ’46
Randall L. Erickson ’71
Joanne Ernteman
Michael Fabian Fink ’75
Ellen K. Fishbein ’86
Willis H. Flick ’48
Lawrence S. Fox ’94
Laura Marie Franze ’79
Kristin J. Freeman ’05
Don Joaquin Frost, Jr. ’88
Bradley B. Furber ’90
Bradford F. Gay ’03
Curtis D. Genders ’67
Robert F. Gerkens ’71
Charna L. Gerstenhaber ’85
Anne P. B. Gilchrist
Peter S. Gilchrist III ’65
Russell T. Goin ’01
James Garfield Good ’74
Michael William
Gregory, Jr. ’90
Betsy L. Griffin
C. Frank Griffin ’50
John G. Grimsley ’63
Charles L. Grizzle, Jr. ’87
Roy J. Grogan, Sr. ’50
Roy J. and Jeanne Grogan
Family Foundation
Grumbles Foundation
Harold A. Haddon ’66
Michael Leo Hall ’80
Cameron S. Hamrick ’85
John M. Harmon ’69
Christopher R. Hart ’05
Michael Thomas Harvey ’84
Jerone C. Herring ’63
Marion L. Hicks, Jr.
Eric L. Hiser ’89
John O. Hoos ’69
Mami Horigome ’04
Yoshinori Horigome ’04
William W. Horton ’85
Eve Noonberg Howard ’87
Jasper Alan Howard ’87
Jacqulynn Hugee ’93
Frank W. Hunger ’65
Hunton & Williams
Jeffrey W. Hurt ’70
Jeffrey C. Imerman ’05
Michael S. Immordino ’86
Charles O. Ingraham ’68
William H. Johnson ’75
Johnson & Johnson
Clayton W. Jones ’63
Elizabeth L. Jones
Nora M. Jordan ’83
Alex R. Josephs ’40
Carlotta Satterfield Kale
Thomas Swain Kale ’64
Stephen V. Kern ’81
Lawrence M. Kimbrough ’68
Margarite A. Kimmel
Michael L. Kimmel ’00
John A. Koskinen
Patricia Koskinen
Albert Zoltan Kovacs ’02
Bradley A. Krouse ’90
Jeffrey R. Lapic ’70
David Aaron Leff ’88
James N. Leik ’80
Craig D. Leister ’74
Susan E. Leister
Kevin Michael LeWinter ’87
Janna S. Lewis ’05
Xiaoming Li ’90
Siauw A. Ling
Deborah A. Lipman
Peter Lipman
Doris I. Lloyd
Thomas R. Lloyd ’47
George Robert Loxton ’85
Linda A. Malone ’78
Mary Kathryn Mandeville ’88
Melissa K. Marler ’00
Richard T. Marquise ’48
Johan F. Mattsson ’01
McGuireWoods LLP
Kathleen Mary Danchuk
McKeithen
R. Smith McKeithen
James D. McLain ’03
Gregg R. Melinson ’89
Ioana A. Mihaltu ’01
Pressly M. Millen ’85
Siobhan O. Millen ’85
Michael Paul Mirande ’80
Jo Dare Mitchell
Robert E. Mitchell ’61
Stephen C. Mixter ’86
Moore & Van Allen, PLLC
David Welsh Morgan ’79
Kenneth C. Morton
Myers Bigel Sibley & Sajovec
Steven Naclerio ’71
Palle S. Nielsen ’04
Elizabeth D. Noble ’05
Norfolk Southern Foundation
John W. Nurkin ’94
Andrew M. O’Malley ’78
Jeffrey L. Osterwise ’05
Michael C. O’Sullivan ’95
Thomas P. Owens, Jr. ’65
Joseph M. Parker, Jr. ’60
Paul, Hastings, Janofsky &
Walker LLP
James Russell Peacock III ’82
Lindsay R. Pennington ’05
Carolyn K. Penny
Wade H. Penny, Jr. ’60
Wilson D. Perry ’69
Milly D. Peters ’51
Deborah Ann Phillips ’83
Steven D. Plissey ’84
Lisa Lee Poole ’88
Steven J. Pritchett ’05
Providian Financial
Suzanne D. Reider ’05
William Keith Reidy ’85
W. Allen Reiser III ’83
Elizabeth M. Reza ’05
Thomas S. Richey ’75
Marguerite F. Riddick
Judith Pye Robinson
Mark J. Rosenberg ’89
Marnie J. Rosenberg
Gregory James Ruffa ’88
Peter Glatz Rush ’85
Seth J. Safra ’01
Christopher A. Sales
Michele Miller Sales ’78
Stuart Frederick Schaffer ’82
Marjorie Stripling Schultz ’80
Michelle R. Seltzer ’97
Mildred A. Shailer
Philip S. Shailer ’65
Pamela K. Silverman ’81

Edgar Holland Sims, Jr. ’65
Robert C. Sink ’65
Charlotte M. Smith ’73
Michael M. Smith
Michael Stephen Smith ’85
Kenneth M. Socha ’70
Ann M. Speer
William Speer ’65
James E. Stephenson ’76
Shannon W. Stevenson ’02
Todd Scott Stevenson
Richard Williams Stewart ’73
Grace Janine Stonerock
Jeffrey Alan Stonerock ’84
Symantec Corporation
Robert C. Taylor ’52
Teddy J. Taylor
Edward P. Tewkesbury ’78
Thompson & Knight
Edward Thornhill III ’60
Kimberly Till ’80
Triangle Intellectual Property
Law Association
Neil R. Tucker ’81
United Technologies
Corporation
Mark T. Uyeda ’95
Lodewijk D. Van Setten ’93
David L. Vaughan ’71
Wachovia Foundation
Gerard J. Waldron ’90
Xianping Wang ’91
Warburg Pincus Foundation
David Livingstone
Ward, Jr. ’62
Robert S. Warwick ’69
Marion T. R. Watkins ’99
Seth Alain Watkins ’99
John R. Welch ’83
Mark Whittaker Whalen
Julian E. Whitehurst ’82
Wiley, Rein & Fielding
Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale
& Dorr LLP
Kathleen P. Wilson ’92
Larry D. Wilson
Erna Womble
William F. Womble ’39
William F. Womble, Jr. ’67
Richard A. Wood, Jr. ’62
Donald F. Woodcock ’66
Woodruff & Associates
Carolyn J. Woodruff ’83
James F. Young ’54
Michael R. Young ’81
Danian Zhang ’89
Winston Zhao ’88
Alumni Donors
by Class
1933
William B. McGuire*
1935
Lee S. McKeithen
1936
Harry Goldstein
1937
Harland F. Leathers
H. Hale McCown
Helen Lanier McCown
Caroline P. Stoel *~
Thomas B. Stoel *~
1939
William F. Womble ^
1940
Margaret A. Harris
Alex R. Josephs ^
1941
Aute L. Carr †
Walter S. Lenox
Numa Lamar Smith, Jr. *~
Norman L. Wherrett ~
1942
John B. Breckenridge
Frederick Nelson
1944
Melvin S. Taub *
1945
Frances F. Rufty *
1946
Elizabeth Parker Engle ^
1947
Jack LeRoy Bloom
R. Cecil Boutwell, Jr.
Thomas R. Lloyd ^
Henry A. McKinnon, Jr.
Earle M. Rice
Henry F. Sherrill
Calder W. Womble *
1948
Robert P. Barnett ^
Max F. Ferree
Willis H. Flick ^
William H. Gray
Solomon Levine
Richard T. Marquise ^
John M. Turner
William Sidney Windes
1949
Nathaniel Beaman III~
Clifford Charles Benson
Charles F. Blanchard~
Bueford G. Herbert
Duncan W. Holt, Jr.
Estate of William J. Lowry
Sidney W. Smith, Jr. *~
David K. Taylor, Jr. *
Elaine Kupp Wick
1950
Arthur L. Alexander
Bachman S. Brown, Jr.
James G. Cate, Jr.
Robert L. Clifford *~
Robert I. Cooper
Arbor W. Gray
C. Frank Griffin ^
Roy J. Grogan, Sr. ^
Thomas G. Hart
Arthur Knute Knudsen, Jr.
Kwan Hi Lim
William R. Patterson *
Hugh E. Reams
William R. Winders ~
1951
Grace C. Boddie *
Wood M. De Yoe
Ned P. Everett
J. Carlton Fleming *
Edward A. Loeser *
John Earl Marsh, Jr.
Arnold B. McKinnon
Milly D. Peters ^
Frederick D. Rosenberg
Donald Mosure Stearns
Robert L. Styers
David Zwanetz
1952
Robert Barber, Jr.
James S. Byrd
Charles A. Comer
Fred Folger, Jr.
Joe W. Gerstein *
J. Bruce Gilman, Jr.
Ray Graves
Lee H. Henkel, Jr. ~
Wallace T. Marlowe
E. Norwood Robinson *~
William J. Rokos, Jr.
Peter B. Scuderi
Thomas W. Seay, Jr.
John Michael Speca
Robert C. Taylor *
W. A. Thornhill III ~
1953
Val C. Brooks *
C. Lee Butler
Harry R. Chadwick, Jr. *~
John B. Dawson, Jr.
Hugh G. Isley, Jr. *
L. Stacy Weaver, Jr.
1954
Paul Hardin III ~
William G. Kaelin
Everett Leo Mast
Robert L. McFadden *~
Charles E. Rushing
James F. Young ^
1955
Hans Wolfgang Baade
William G. Bell, Jr.
Trent C. Bowen
William D. Branham
John A. Carnahan ~
John F. Kuffner
David Shapiro
Theodore A. Snyder, Jr.
Edward N. Swanson *
Clarence W. Walker *~
1956
David H. Allard *~
Frederic E. Dorkin
Robert L. Felts
Francis M. Fletcher, Jr.
John D. Hamilton, Jr. *
E. Carter Harris, Jr.
John D. Johnston, Jr.
Paul F. Kortepeter
Alfred R. Mays *
Duncan O. McKee *
John S. Neely, Jr.
Russell M. Robinson II *
Gary S. Stein
Donald B. Strickland, Sr.
1957
Irwin L. Dickman
Charles A. Dukes, Jr. *
David A. Friedman *
Richard Edward Glaze *
G. William Hackett
Elliott T. Halio
Donald C. Knickerbocker
Marvin M. Moore
Herbert S. Savitt
Gerald B. Tjoflat *
1958
Larry Ivan Bogart
Robert L. Burrus, Jr. *
D. Pierre G. Cameron, Jr.
John F. Lowndes *
Paul W. Markwood, Jr.
Donald A. Pleasants
Edward Ernest Rieck
W. Donald Sparks
Frederick A. Thayer III
1959
Leif C. Beck *~
Robert B. Berger ~
Davis W. Duke, Jr. *
Robinson O. Everett *
Robert Carnahan Hudson
Estate of Tom Karas *
John J. Lack
David C. Newman
Charles England Plunkett
Egerton van den Berg
Julian W. Walker, Jr.
John H. Webster
James E. Westbrook
1960
John Q. Beard *
Robert B. Bell
James E. Buck *
Richard E. Cooley
Herbert O. Davis *
Rufus S. Hill, Jr.
Joel I. Keiler *
William S. McLean
Joseph M. Parker, Jr. ^
Wade H. Penny, Jr. ^
John R. Seltzer
William R. Shebey
Allen G. Siegel *~
Marinos T. Svolos *
Maynard F. Swanson, Jr. ~
Newton C. Taylor
Edward Thornhill III ^
Richard R. Weidman
1961
Robert F. Baker
Thomas Chris Brissey
Robert Norman Davies *
Donald P. Dietrich *
Erich Emery Everbach
Joseph M. Griffin *
William D. Grubbs
Roger W. Jeppson
Jeremy R. Johnson
William Yates Manson
Robert E. Mitchell ^
James E. Moore
Walter F. Moossa
Joseph Charles O’Rorke
Llewelyn G. Pritchard *
Frederick L. Rice
Stanley A. Star *
James W. Tarlton III
Robert M. Walker
L. Neil Williams, Jr. *~
David R. Willson
1962
John Hamilton Adams *
C. Thomas Biggs *
William H. Bradford, Jr. *~
Allen G. Burgoyne
Gerald P. Johnston
Johnie L. Joyce, Jr.
James J. Kenny *
Robert E. Lockhart
David L. Maynard *
David M. Merchant
Richard W. Metz
Thomas R. Nesbitt, Jr.
Peter L. Roda
Vincent L. Sgrosso *~
Phillip K. Sotel ~
Sandra J. Strebel *
John M. Tudor
Charles O. Verrill, Jr. *~
David Livingstone Ward, Jr. ^
William T. Watson
William K. West, Jr. *
Richard A. Wood, Jr. ^~
1963
Thomas L. Bass
Allan D. Bray
E. Lawrence Davis III
Stuart E. Duncan II
Mark B. Edwards
Raymond A. Enstam
John Boyd Gordon
Harry L. Griffin, Jr. *
John G. Grimsley ^
* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased
HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

Harold Robert Hampson
Jerone C. Herring ^
Clayton W. Jones ^
Glenn E. Ketner, Jr. *
William J. Kinnamon, Jr.
Henry C. Lauerman
Frederic S. Le Clercq
Daniel K. McAlister
Alexander Ward McKeithen *
Marvin D. Musselwhite, Jr. *
Frank T. Read *
Edward Scott Robe
Edgar J. Roberts, Jr. *
J. David Ross *~
F. Roger Thaler *~
Samuel J. Trueblood
Michael R. Walsh *
Gerald T. Wetherington *
1964
Thomas J. Andrews
Theodore M. Armstrong
William B. Armstrong
Samuel P. Bell III
Kenneth G. Biehn
Jay Darwin Bond, Jr.
Courtney B. Bourns
Patrick Harvey Bowen
William T. Buice III *
John C. Carlyle *
Lewis Clifford Craig
Stephen G. Crawford *
David Nesbit Edwards, Jr.
John F. Flanigan
W. Erwin Fuller, Jr. *
Anton Henry Gaede, Jr. *~
David L. Grigg
Harry J. Haynsworth IV *
William A. Hirsch *
Lindsey W. Ingram, Jr.
Thomas Swain Kale ^
Arnold J. Kohn
William A. Kyler
John D. Leech *
Charles W. Mertel *
Robert K. Montgomery *
Robert K. Payson *
Walter W. Pyper, Jr.
James P. Riley *
David Robinson II
Ted R. Todd
David G. Warren
1965
David F. Addlestone
Peter B. Archie *~
Robert Berner II
Robert Angell Bogle, Jr.
Joseph J. Brigati ^
Peter Ogden Brown
Reginald Eugene Burleigh
Charles G. Campbell
Thomas C. Cartwright
D. David Cohen
Patrick C. Coughlan *~
William M. Curtis ^
Thomas A. Edmonds
Paul Revere Ervin, Jr. *
Donald B. Gardiner *
Peter S. Gilchrist III ^~
Jeffrey P. Hughes *
Frank W. Hunger ^
Thomas C. Kleinschmidt
William H. Lear
David L. Lougee
Douglas F. MacPhail
Emil C. Marquardt, Jr.
Thomas P. Meehan *
Donald M. Mewhort, Jr. ~
Jay Edward Moyer
Gary T. Nelms
Thomas P. Owens, Jr. ^
Gordon P. Peyton
Robert S. Rankin, Jr.
C. Nicholas Revelos *
John J. Rufe ~
Philip S. Shailer ^
Edgar Holland Sims, Jr. ^
Robert C. Sink ^
Gibson L. Smith, Jr.
S. Berne Smith
G. William Speer ^
James C. Stokes, Jr.
Carter H. Strickland
Edan G. Unterman
Richard H. Vincent *~
Joseph Warren III
1966
Andrew E. Adelson *
Burton L. Albert
William J. Alsentzer, Jr.
Charles D. Axelrod ^
David B. Blanco ~
David W. Bloom
Richard W. Buhrman *
Robert D. Cabe
John A. Cairns
Judson W. Detrick
Henry H. Fox ~
John Ganotis
Harold A. Haddon ^
Anthony S. Harrington *
William Graham Harriss
L. Mifflin Hayes
Andrew S. Hedden *
Christopher J. Horsch
Jonathan T. Howe *
F. Sherwood Lewis
Don Boyden Long, Jr.
Michael F. Lynch
James B. Maxwell *
Ralph L. McCaughan *~
Jerry J. McCoy *
Daniel M. McDonald *
Peter J. Michel *
Roy W. Moore III
Thomas H. Morgan *
Joel J. Morris
David D. Noble *
Sidney J. Nurkin *
Carolyn M. Osteen
Richard A. Palmer *
T. Stephen Phillips
Thomas B. Pitcher *
Edward B. Robin
Brian A. Snow *
Robert W. Spangler
K. Morgan Varner III *
Douglas P. Wheeler
* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased
Dale A. Whitman
Neil C. Williams III
Donald F. Woodcock ^
1967
Richard G. Bacon *
Lawrence K. Banks
W. Christopher Barrier
Daniel F. Bernard *~
John T. Berteau *
Carl E. Bolch, Jr. *
Robert E. Burton, Jr.
Stephen M. Chiles *
Roger M. Clark
Norman G. Cooper *
James B. Craven III
Donald B. Craven ^
Linwood L. Davis ^
William A. Davis II
Douglas A. Faulkner
Joseph A. Fink
Haley J. Fromholz *
Curtis D. Genders ^
Richard A. Gordon *
Thomas J. Gormley
George G. Guthrie *
Robert J. Hackett
Thomas A. Jorgensen *
Peter K. Lathrop
Emmett B. Lewis III *
Donald R. Lincoln *
John A. Lockwood
George R. Mahoney, Jr. *
Antonio Mendes *
David Meyers
Paul S. Nathanson
David W. Pancoast *
F. Raine Remsburg
Wayne A. Rich, Jr. *
Robert W. Rieder
William L. Riley
Homer G. Sheffield, Jr. ~
Lanty L. Smith *
William H. Steinbrink *
Malcolm B. Street, Jr.
Trawick H. Stubbs, Jr.
John Craft Taylor
Roger P. Thomasch *
William F. Womble, Jr. ^
Dennis D. Yule
1968
C. Michael Abbott
Bruce D. Alexander *
Michael P. Angelini
Carl F. Bianchi
Brian H. Bibeau
J. A. Bouknight, Jr. *
Donald B. Brooks ^
John R. Brownell
Paul B. Ford, Jr. *
Stuart M. Foss *
Robert C. Fox
Robert K. Garro
Gilbert L. Gates, Jr.
Randall L. Hughes *
Stuart N. Hutchison III
Charles O. Ingraham ^
Lawrence M. Kimbrough ^
John D. Kirby
Rosemary Kittrell
Walter O. Lambeth, Jr.
Carl F. Lyon *
Robert W. Maxwell II *
Donald H. Messinger
Martin J. Miller *
Fred H. Moore
Stephen H. Palmer
William L. Patton *
Stephen P. Pepe *
David E. Prewitt
Gordon S. Rather, Jr.
Edward A. Reilly ~
James R. Safley *~
Henry E. Seibert IV
Jerrold Shenkman
James L. Smith III
William R. Stewart
James H. Toms
Ernest C. Torres *
Marlin M. Volz, Jr.
Lynn E. Wagner
William F. Wright
1969
Conrad J. Aiken
James P. Alexander *
Joseph R. Beatty
Charles L. Becton *
J. Sidney Boone, Jr. *
John A. Canning, Jr. *
George A. Costello
Katherine M. Crowe
James P. Davenport *~
Ronald E. DeVeau ~
Norman E. Donoghue II ~
James W. Dunlap
Charles M. Firestone
David E. Foscue
Howard G. Godwin, Jr. *
L. Alan Goldsberry *
John M. Harmon ^
Robert M. Hart *
Paul A. Hilstad *
John O. Hoos ^
R. Randall Huff
Jerry R. Jenkins
Michael J. Kane
David G. Klaber *
Richard G. Laporte
Joel M. Lasker *
David D. Laufer *
Edward R. Leydon
Bruce W. Lilienthal
Robert S. Luttrell
James R. Moore *
Graham C. Mullen
Donald B. Myers, Jr.
Alexander D. Newton
Wilson D. Perry ^
David M. Powell
Robert B. Pringle *
Michael C. Russ *
Dudley Saleeby, Jr. *
John R. Sapp *
Young M. Smith, Jr.
R. Keith Stark
Jefferson K. Streepey
Wayne R. Vason
Joseph L. Waldrep
Robert S. Warwick ^
Peter A. White
Samuel T. Wyrick III
1970
Reunion Co-Chairs:
Raymond Buck Ferguson
William F. Stevens
Stephen I. Ahlquist
Howard J. Alpern ~
J.A. Baer III
Terry R. Black
Victor A. Cavanaugh *
Jean C. Coker
Eugene E. Derryberry
Rodney L. Eshelman
Raymond Buck Ferguson *
James C. Frenzel *
Maurice H. Hall, Jr.
James K. Hasson, Jr. *
Jeffrey W. Hurt ^
George R. Krouse, Jr. *
Jeffrey R. Lapic ^
Albert H. Larson III
James M. Martin
Charles B. Neely, Jr. *
Michael A. Pearlman *
Robert J. Shenkin *
Kenneth M. Socha ^
William F. Stevens *
George L. Thompson
Sue Ellen Utley *~
1971
Arthur A. Abplanalp, Jr.
J. Ernest Baird
Arthur W. Carlson
W. Dayton Coles, Jr.
Donald A. Daucher *
Kenneth F. Dornbush
Christine M. Durham *
Randall L. Erickson ^
James R. Fox *
Robert F. Gerkens ^
Richard S. Harwood
Christopher N. Knight *
Philip C. Larson *
Randolph J. May *
H. Todd Miller *
Douglas B. Morton *
Steven Naclerio ^
Henry J. Oechler, Jr. *
Richard L. Osborne
Jerry P. Peppers *
Paul E. Prentiss ~
Gail Levin Richmond *~
Michael L. Richmond *
James A. Rydzel *
Robert L. Sader
Bryan E. Sharratt *
David L. Sigler
Walter A. Stringfellow III *
David L. Vaughan ^
Brian D. Vaughn
W. Michael Warren, Jr.
Barry J. Wendt
John J. Witmeyer III *
David B. Wuehrmann

1972
Thomas J. Azar
Thomas C. Barbour
Thomas W. H. Barlow *
William C. Basney
Robert B. Breisblatt *
Robert T. Brousseau *
Joseph E. Claxton
Bruce A. Davidson ~
John D. Englar *
Ronald W. Frank *
Andrew K. Gallagher
William J. Gallwey III *
Charles D. Ganz *
Jeffrey P. Garton
Paul A. Gottlieb
C. Marcus Harris
Frederick E. Henry III *
Harry L. Hobgood
A. Everett Hoeg III *
Richard D. Huff *
Samuel W. Johnson *
Hiram Knott
Glenn W. Letham *
Paul C. Madden *
Walter W. Manley II
Martin P. Marta
Daniel S. Mason *
Ivan Matusek
Charles R. McManis
Joseph A. McManus, Jr. *
Robert H. Michelson
Amos T. Mills III
Cary A. Moomjian, Jr.
Ernst D. Mueller
Eugene C. O’Leary
Glen A. Payne *
J. Wayne Pierce
Jeffrey S. Portnoy ~
Richard W. Ragsdale
Edward D. Reibman
Ronald L. Reisner *
Thomas H. Sear *
John A. Sherrill *
Karla W. Simon
William H. Swan III
Michael L. Tanchum *
Thomas J. Triplett
James W. Ummer *~
John R. Wester *
1973
Sarah H. Adams *
Kenny Washington Armstrong
Robin Thomas Baker
Daniel T. Blue, Jr. *
Dana G. Bradford II *
Donald Hess Brobst
Jackson B. Browning, Jr. *
B. Bernard Burns, Jr. ^
John Richard Carney, Jr.
Theodore E. Corvette, Jr.
Robert Allen Dietz
William Thomas Fahey II
E. Cole FitzGerald III
Mark Stephen Foster *
Carl H. Fridy *
Robert Alan Gambol
Pamela Brooks Gann *
James David Garrison
Dean Gibson
Robert Thomas Gradoville
S. Ward Greene *
Larry George Haddy
Lee Louis Hale
C. Wells Hall III *
Daniel John Hostetler *
Malcolm D. Johnson
Patrick Wayne Kelley
Richard M. Kennedy
Dennis L. Kennelly
Eleanor D. Kinney *~
Paul R. Koepff *
Lawrence J. Langer
James E. Luebchow *
Joseph W. Moyer
David J. Naftzinger *
Jeffrey Scott Nickloy
Calvin R. Phelan ^
Michael H. Pope
Roger A. Reed *
Eugene A. Ritti
Cheryl S. Rome
Terry A. Romine
James Charles Roscetti
Nancy Russell Shaw *
Leonard B. Simon *
Halcyon E. Skinner *
Charlotte M. Smith ^
Kenneth W. Starr *
Michael Jerome Stewart
Richard Williams Stewart ^
Letty M. Tanchum *
Robert L. Titley
Curtis A. Twiddy
John D. Volk *
James R. Warner, Jr.
Michael E. Weddington
Donald R. Williams ~
Paul E. Zimmer
James B. Zimpritch *
1974
Alfred G. Adams, Jr. *
Edna Ball Axelrod
John Philip Bailly, Jr.
Brenda B. Becton *
William P. Bennett
James Wilson Berry, Jr. *
Charles Edward Binder
William Pomeroy Borchert
John M. Bremer *
Colin Wegand Brown *
David L. Buhrmann
Evelyn O. Cannon
Candace M. Carroll *
Robert P. Cochran *
Philip Gary Cohen
Curtis L. Collier *
James Clifton Drennan
Raymond Craft Dryer ^~
John W. Edwards II ^
James Robert Eller, Jr. ~
Stephen Lawrence Elliott
Stuart F. Feiner *
Richard M. Freeman *
Johnnie L. Gallemore, Jr.
Howard B. Gelt
James Garfield Good ^
Lawrence O. Gostin
Donna C. Gregg *
Robert Edgar Gregg *
James C. Hardin, III
Robert Forest Henderson
George Lipman Henschel
David Richard Hillier
David Edward Horvath
Eric A. Houghton
Ronald Robert Janke
Jerry W. Jernigan
Mark D. Kaufman, Sr.
Craig D. Leister ^
Edward John Lesniak
Jay Jordon Levin *
James J. Locher
Donald John Logie, Jr.
David William Lowden
Patrick Henry Martin
Edward A. McDermott, Jr.
S. Lynn McLain *
Thomas E. McLain *~
John Roberts Moffat
R. Wade Norris
Rory R. Olsen
Stephen Lewis Parr
David R. Poe *
Gregory Vincent Powell
William George Powell
C. Richard Rayburn, Jr. *
Russell Bachman Richards *
William L. Rosenberg
Irwin Neal Rubin
John A. Sanders
Ira Sandron
Andrew Shaw
Larry W. Shelton
Thomas C. Stevens *
Richard Eric Teller *
Patricia H. Wagner *
Peter D. Webster *
Tommy Joe Williams
Thomas W. Winland *
Frances Anne Zwenig
1975
Reunion Co-Chairs:
John A. Howell
Francis H. Morrison III
Margaret I. Adams
Lawrence Harris Babich
Jon Paul Bachelder
Robert Andrew Baxter
Gary K. Berman
George F. Bihn III
Richard Alan Bogue ^
Frederick Brown *
Terry Walter Calderwood
James H. Carll *
Bruce Allen Christensen
Mary Cousar Coxe
Frank Johnstone Dana III
Timothy Joseph DeBaets ^
George W. Dennis III
Allyson K. Duncan *
Michael Fabian Fink ^
James L. Fogle *
Paul Jay Fukushima *
Jean Mihelich Gerval
Ronald H. Hoevet
John A. Howell *
William H. Johnson ^
Gary G. Lynch *
Hugh Ranald McDonald
James W. Mertzlufft
Mark A. Michael
John R. Miller
Glenn R. Moran
Francis H. Morrison III *
Ashmead P. Pipkin *
Thomas Edwin Prior
Danae Kay Prousis *
Michael C. Quillen
Clinton D. Richardson
Thomas S. Richey ^
Lee Gene Schmudde
Richard C. Siemer
Michael W. Stajduhar
Paul H. Tietz *
William J. Trull, Jr.
David M. Wiesenfeld
1976
Harris R. Anthony *
Todd Hunter Bailey *
Linna M. Barnes *
John Cole Beeler *
Peter Coleman Buck *
John Arthur Busch *
Denise Caffrey *
Betsy Ida Carter
Kenneth S. Coe, Jr.
Dean M. Cordiano *
Michael G. Culbreth
Raymond J. Etcheverry *
Yvonne Mims Evans
Ralph B. Everett
Gail W. Feagles *
Prentiss Eric Feagles *
Karen Louise Gearreald
Daniel William Gepford
Robert Andrew German
John Bernard Gontrum
Jack D. Griffeth
Eric H. Halvorson *
Eric Peter Hansen
Kenneth Charles Hunt *
Peter J. Kahn *
Reeve Withrow Kelsey
Margaret T. King
James H. Kizziar, Jr.
Mitchell Kolkin
Constantine Hanna Kutteh
James Andrew Lewis
Thomas D. Magill *
Kent L. Mann *
Johnnie W. Mask, Jr.
Robert Edward McCorry, Jr.
John Thomas McFerrin
Lewis Eugene Melahn
Steven Dennis Murphy
Miguel Agustine Orta
Herbert Joseph O’Shields
Karen B. Pancost *
Michael Francis Perley
David Bruce Post *
Celia A. Roady *
Stephen E. Roady *
Aron Morris Schwartz
Harry Joseph Smith
James E. Stephenson ^
Debra Jo Stuart
Robert T. Tally
J. Alexander Tanford
Samuel E. Tucker
Daniel Franklin Van Horn
Edward Walter Vogel III *
G. Gray Wilson
1977
Ronald Evan Barab
Donald Haskell Beskind *
Henry David Blinder
Mark Bookman
Peter Brian Bothel
John M. Conley
Jeffery Mason Cook
Larry Edward Coploff
Lea Courington *
Timothy J. Curry
Michael L. Eckerle *
David M. Eisenberg *
Charles I. Epstein
Donald M. Etheridge, Jr.
Harold I. Freilich *
Marsha T. Gepford
Raymond Hayes Goodmon III *
Maxine P. Gordon
Croley W. Graham, Jr. *
Judith Lynn Harris
John Michael Hartenstine
Dennis Evins Hayes
Edward T. Hinson, Jr.
Jay Roderick Hone *
Deborah J. Houghton
Timothy Joseph Jacob
Bruce Edward Johnson
Kathryn G. Johnson
William Bruce Johnson
Lauren Evans Jones
Michael David Jones
Michael H. Kahn *
D. Ward Kallstrom, Jr. *
Carolyn Kuhl
George Charles Leef
Adele O. Levitt *
Dana N. Levitt *
Paul Vincent LiCalsi
Susan Burnett Mansfield
Craig Robert Mariger
William A. Meaders, Jr.
Timothy Elmer Meredith *
Heloise C. Merrill *
James L. Miraldi
Christian J. Mixter *
Albert Garver Moore, Jr. *
David Eugene Morrison ~
Robert G. Moskowitz *
Kenneth J. Nussbacher *
Susan Freya Olive *
J. D. Page *
William H. Pauley III *
Andrew J. Peck *
David C. Pishko *
Gary A. Poliner *
Kathleen Pontone
Charles L. Revelle III
Stephen Clay Rhudy
Paul Newton Riddle
Neil Tobias Rimsky
* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased
HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

Ralph Vincent Seep
Robert E. Spring *
Rachel L. Steele
Alan King Steinbrecher
Michael H. Wald
John L. Walker *
Kim W. West *
Dennis E. Wieczorek *
Mary Ellen C. Williams *
C. Thomas Work *
John Edward Zamer
1978
Jaime Eduardo Aleman *
William George Anlyan, Jr.
Kenneth F. Antley
Benita S. Baird
Robert M. Blum
Susan Brooks
Phillip Carl Christensen
David W. Clark
Reginald J. Clark *
Jana Banahan Cogburn
Charles M. Condon
Richard E. Connolly
Kenneth Roy Davis *
Rodney J. Dillman *
Michael R. Dockterman *
Steven R. Dottheim ^
Susan L. Edelheit *
Mark A. Fishman *
Steven R. Gilford *
Barbara S. Gontrum
Robert J. Gronek *
Jonathan Matt Gross
Ronald L. Harrop
John Hasnas
Michael P. Horan
Richard Alan Horvitz *
Marilyn H. Howard
David W. Ichel *~
Edward P. Tewkesbury ^
Bruce Donald Jaques, Jr.
Michael Jenkins
Thomas E. Johnson
Linda L. McCall Kangeter ~
Christopher K. Kay *
Homer Michael Keller
Leslie P. Klemperer
Gregory Scott Lewis
Jane Makela *~
Linda A. Malone ^
Alan Mansfield
CoraLynn H. Marshall *
Lawrence G. McMichael
Arthur Madden Miller
Todd H. Newman
William A. Nickles III
Richard G. Niess
Michael John O’Connor
Andrew M. O’Malley ^
Estate of James E. Padilla *
Robert Bruce Parrish *
David King Perdue
Wendy C. Perdue
Pamela A. Peters *~
Robert D. Phillips, Jr. *
Susan G. Phillips *
Chris A. Rallis *
Peter David Rosenberg *
Michele Miller Sales ^
Christopher Glenn Sawyer
Rodney A. Smolla *
Sarah Holzsweig Steindel
Robert David Stets
Edward P. Tewkesbury^
Gregory S. Wetstone
1979
Jean T. Adams *~
Bruce W. Baber *
Louis Jay Barash *
Alan R. Bender *
Richard Dennis Blau
Anthony H. Brett ^
Valerie T. Broadie *~
Roger Butler Calistro
Lorynn A. Cone *
Laura B. Di Giantonio *
Carl W. Dufendach
Alfred Luis Faustino
Joel H. Feldman
Carol M. Finke
Richard Charles Finke
Adrienne M. Fox
Laura Marie Franze ^
Richard Mark Gergel
Kevin P. Gilboy
Richard Lee Grossman
Robert T. Harper *
Jerry H. Herman *
Mark R. High *
John Richard Holzgraefe *
Margo E. Jackson *
Thomas Joseph Leclair
Michael B. Lichtenstein
Amy W. Liss
Denise L. Majette
Gray McCalley, Jr. *~
Mark S. McCarty
William Kent Moore
David Welsh Morgan ^
Solveig Jan Overby
John Andrew Pelehach
Peter R. Pendergast
L. Timothy Portwood
Neil Philip Robertson
James A. Sheriff
Stephen Ban Spolar
Barbara Ann Sprung
Nita L. Stormes *
Edward Patrick Swan, Jr. *
Juliann Tenney *
Fred Thompson III *
Diane Rowley Toop *
Brian Thomas Tucker
Charles Donald Vogel *
Steven D. Wasserman *
J. William Widing III
David Hilleary Wilder
V. L. Woolston
Jon Carl Yergler *
Clifford J. Zatz *
1980
Reunion Co-Chairs:
Lori Terens Holshouser
Eric James Holshouser
Edwin Robert Acheson, Jr. *
Abdul Rahman Al-Nafisah ^
* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased
Barbara D. Anderson
Kim J. Barr
Margreth Barrett
Ellen J. Bickal *
R. Lawrence Bonner *
Daniel S. Bowling III *
Julia Hampton Brasfield
G. William Brown, Jr. *
Randall A. Burrows ^
Blain B. Butner *
Robert Allan Carson
James M. Chadwick *
Kyle Anne Citrynell ^
Neil Peter Clain, Jr. ^
Robert Raymond Cole
John Lawrence Crocker
James T. Crouse
Dara Lyn DeHaven *~
David Dreifus
J. Scott Dyer *
Rose Allen Ellis
Thomas William Giegerich *
John Edward Glancy
Michael Leo Hall ^
Bruce V. Hillowe
James P. Holdcroft
Michael John Holden
Eric James Holshouser *
Lori Terens Holshouser *
T. Patrick Jenkins
Diane B. Kaplan
Karl W. Kindig
Jeffrey P. King
Justin Gregory Klimko
Elizabeth F. Kuniholm *
James N. Leik ^
Clifford B. Levine
John W. Marin
William B. Miller III
Michael Paul Mirande ^
Andromeda Monroe
Kirk H. Nakamura
Carol Grant Opferman
Paul J. Pantano, Jr. *
Happy R. Perkins *
Donald Lee Pilzer
David E. Reeves
Robert E. Rigler
Fredric Alton Rollman
Marjorie Stripling Schultz ^
Lisa Margaret Smith
Madison Stockton Spach, Jr. *
Kimberly Till ^
Richard Scott Toop *
H. Glenn Tucker *
Robert W. Turken
Fred Anton Ungerman, Jr.
Richard C. Van Nostrand
Kathryn Gray Ward *
Elizabeth M. Weaver
William L. Webber
James P. Wolf
Sally Brenner Wolfish
1981
David S. Addington
Marshall S. Adler
Thomas A. Belles *
Nancy T. Bowen ^
Phillip W. Campbell
Karen Estelle Carey
Lauren F. Carlton
Gregory John Cioffi
Jonathan E. Claiborne ^
John J. Coleman III *
Thomas E. Cone *
Timothy J. Corrigan
Ted B. Edwards
Denise Marie Elmer ^
David Alan Fine
Michael C. Flynn
Linda Cox Fornaciari *
Russell Howard Fox
Carl R. Gold
Abigail Teresa Reardon Gosnell *
David Douglas Gustafson
L. Cecily Hines *
Jon Mark Jenkins
Kenneth A. Jones
Stephen V. Kern ^
Nancy H. Kerr
Steven Robert Klein
Robert B. Krakow *
Jeffrey P. Libson *
Michael Lee Lieberman
Alan S. Madans
Craig Benton Merkle *
Paula Krahn Merkle *
David H. Potel *
Donald J. Rendall, Jr.
Jennifer P. Rose *
Leo Rose III *
Mark William Ryan *
Michele Miller Sales ^
James E. Schwartz
Pamela K. Silverman ^
Alfred George Smith
D. Charles Stohler
David C. Tarshes *
Linda Weinstein Tucker
Neil R. Tucker ^
Robert Allen Useted
Ralph Anthony Uttaro
William Robert Vezina III *
Michael Ward
William Ellis Ward
Barry Elias Warhit
Sharon K. Wasserman *
David J. Wittenstein *
Cynthia Leigh Wittmer
Peter G. Wright
John C. Yates *
Gregg Steven Yeutter
Michael R. Young ^
Steven Mark Zeidman
1982
Clifford R. Adler *
J. Bradford Anwyll *
Wade Edward Ballard
Stanley Park Barringer, Jr.
James Edison Bauman *
Gary L. Beaver
Lorraine Shook Berkowitz ^
Glenn J. Carter
Patricia A. Casey *
David Barry Chenkin
Dirk G. Christensen
Terrence Patrick Collingsworth
Lawrence S. Connor, IV
J. Michael Dalton *
Michael Martin Darby
Valerie R. Dinkins
Stephen Melvin Dorvee
Robert L. Dougherty *
Ruth Harriet Dukelow
P. Brooks Eason
Morris Arthur Ellison
Carol Brittain Ervin
Barbara Sara Esbin
Richard Wilson Evans
Thomas M. Ewing
Harry J. Finke IV *
Richard Hugh Foster
Sharon M. Fountain *
Elizabeth Agnew Galloway
Margaret Hayba Gonzales
Charles Scott Greene
Thomas Andrew Hale *~
Andrew S. Halio
Ruth Cohen Hammer
John L. Hardiman *
James B. Hawkins
Martha J. Hays *
Reynolds Walker Holding
Mitchell Alan Horwich
Richard Louis Horwitz *
Larry D. Irick *
Neil John Jacob
Michael Hugh Krimminger
Donald C. Lampe *
Thomas W. Logue
Ann L. Majestic
Margaret Delong Martin
Douglas L. McCoy
James Russell Peacock III ^
Susan Jean Platt
Frederick Robinson *
Elizabeth Roth
Peter Alan Sachs
Hideyuki Sakai *
Sally Samuel
Stuart Frederick Schaffer ^
Steven Alan Schneider
Paul Josiah Schwab
Michael J. Schwartz *
Andrea Tracy Shandell
Mark D. Shepard
Sharon P. Sivertsen
I. Scott Sokol ~
Thomas Lee Spinar
Jeffrey E. Tabak *
Joel B. Toomey *
T. Richard Travis
David Michael Underhill
Julian E. Whitehurst ^
James Frank Wyatt III *
Richard Craig Zeskind
Lynette Remen Zinberg
1983
Dean W. Baker
Coralyn Meredith Benhart
Gary L. Benhart
William A. Blancato
David L. Blisk *
Duane E. Brown *
Mark Steven Calvert
Jean G. Carter ~
David B. Chaffin *

Angela Diane Davis
Violet Diamant
Lynn Rosenthal Fletcher *
Robert Parker Fletcher *
Seth Lee Forman ~
Benjamin Eagles Fountain III *
Lawrence L. Friedman
Robert W. Fuller III *
Susan Bennett Green
Rondi R. Grey
Scott D. Harrington *
Kate Sigman Hendricks
Paul Anders Hilding
Kimberly Hill Hoover *
Dawson Horn III *
Charles Wilson Hurst
Deborah J. Hylton
William D. Jones III
Nora M. Jordan ^
Daniel Franklin Katz *
Christopher Charles Kerr
John R. Knight *
Kenneth J. Kornblau
Kenneth Wayne Kossoff
Michael Allen Lampert
Karl W. Leo *
Gregory E. Lindley
Dianne C. Magee
Richard David Magee, Jr.
Jennifer D’Arcy Maher *
Michael Patrick Manning
Julian D. McCarthy
Stephen C. Peters *
Michael T. Petrik *~
Marianne Philip *
Deborah Ann Phillips ^
Marc P. Press
James Geoffrey Prince
C. Scott Rassler
W. Allen Reiser III ^
Richard Franklin Riley, Jr.
Mary Alice Robison
Bruce Jay Ruzinsky
Jeffrey S. Schloemer
Per Haakon Schmidt *
John Maison Schohl
James Dale Smith
Michael Lloyd Spafford
John Clay Spinrad *
Jeffrey D. Sternklar
Laura Stuart Taylor
Kathleen Ann Wechter
John R. Welch ^
Jay Warren Williams
Carolyn J. Woodruff ^
Susan M. Wyngaarden
Rosemary Hsuen Yeoh
Nancy L. Zisk
Robert Louis Zisk
1984
Michael F. Bartok
Sol W. Bernstein
Thomas J. Blackwell
Jeffrey Drew Butt
Margaret Carter Callahan *
Leslie Wheeler Chervokas
Ronald Louis Claveloux *
Roger Mohr Cook
Gardner Fabian Davis
Brian Lee Dobben
Jonathan L. Drake ^
David Joseph Farrell, Jr.
David Gerard Feher
Maria J. Fincher *
Joseph Davis Fincher
Kurt W. Florian Jr.
Duane M. Geck
Michael Thomas Harvey ^
Mitchell I. Horowitz
Barbara T. Ilsen
Gary Adamson Jack
Lauren W. Jones *
Michael P. Kaelin
Laura J. Kipnis
Paul Allyn Kramer
Kenneth J. Krebs *
Scott David Livingston
Christopher Wendel Loeb *
Ellen G. London
Jeffrey Lewis London
Kirk Robert Macfarlane
Lee Douglas Mackson
Pope McCorkle III
George C. McFarland
Mark Harris Mirkin ~
Karen B. Mozenter
Michael Jay Mozenter
Steven Paul Natko *
Gordon Matthew Orloff
Stevan Joseph Pardo *
Steven D. Plissey ^
Briget M. Polichene
Margaret Jean Reinsch
Cynthia Lynn Rerucha
John F. Rigney *
Robert P. Riordan *
R. James Robbins, Jr.
Nancy Lee Ebert Scott
Richard Stanley Smith, Jr.
Lori S. Smith *
Patricia Ann Speth *
Jeffrey Alan Stonerock ^
Donald R. Strickland *
Rebecca E. Swenson
Kathryn A. Underhill
Virginia A. Utt ~
Peter G. Verniero
Robert R. Vieth *
Elizabeth B. Wright
William Emerson Wright
1985
Reunion Co-Chairs:
Christopher D. Mangum
J. Porter Durham, Jr.
Lauren W. Anderson
Linda Ann Arnsbarger
Amy McCabe Baker
Robert B. Carroll
Anna S. Chacko
James S. Christie, Jr.
John W. Connolly III *
Mark O. Costley
Tia Lynn Cottey *
M. Frances Durden ^
William A. Edmundson
Caroline E. Emerson ^
Brenda Hofman Feis
William Wallace Ford III
Cassandra Small Franklin
Charna L. Gerstenhaber ^
Thomas J. Gorman
Cameron S. Hamrick ^
Lynn G. Hawkins
William W. Horton ^
Eric Alan Isaacson *
Gordon A. Kamisar
Joel Kaufman
Carolyn V. Kent
David C. Kiernan
J. Mitchell Lambros
Marianne Owens La Rivee
Gerald Anthony Lee
David S. Liebschutz
Elizabeth H. Liebschutz
George Robert Loxton ^
Christopher D. Mangum *
Neil Douglas McFeeley
John J. Michels, Jr. *^
Pressly M. Millen ^
Siobhan O. Millen ^
David E. Mills
William Douglas Morris *
James Robert Moxley III
Jeffrey D. Nakrin
Jonathan Paul Nase
Nathan E. Nason
Marshall David Orson
Alan B. Perper
William Keith Reidy ^
Peter Glatz Rush ^
Elizabeth Y. Schiff *
Andrew Lewis Shapiro
Kenneth D. Sibley *
Michael Stephen Smith ^
Sonja Steptoe *
Charles Vuille Stewart
Bellanne M. Toren
David P. Tuttle
Darrell R. Van Deusen *
Paul R. Van Hook
Peter G. Weinstock *
Bea L. Witzleben
1986
Charles Edward Adams
Paula Marie Anderson
Martin David Avallone
Catherine D. Barshay
Clifford A. Barshay
Antonio B. Braz *
John D. Briggs, Jr. *
Rachelle Bromberg
Benjamin Andrew Brown
Janine Brown *
Kathleen Jean Byrnes
Susan Bysiewicz
Sally C. Carroll *
Michael C. Castellon *
Brent O.E. Clinkscale *
Ellen S. Coffey
Ronald T. Coleman, Jr. *
Jane S. Converse
Robert Talbott Danforth
Mark D. DeSantis ^
Bharat Dube
Brett D. Fallon
George Wheeler Finkbohner
Ellen K. Fishbein ^
Benjamin R. Foster
Catherine Slawson Gim
Christy M. Gudaitis
Elizabeth A. J. Gustafson
Mark Daryl Gustafson
Lyndall Jay Huggler
Michael S. Immordino ^
Peter Joseph Juran
Michael D. Kaplowitz
Christopher G. Kelly *
Christopher Mark Kelly *
Frederick Kennedy III
Kermit Brian Kennedy
M. Elise L. Kennedy
Gordon F. Kingsley, Jr.
Kelly J. Koelker
Lisa Ann Krupicka
Cristin C. Lambros
Jeffrey T. Lawyer
Stephen M. Lynch *
Margaret Lauren McGill
John Donald Methfessel, Jr. *
Stephen C. Mixter ^
Francis Joseph Mootz III
Matthew Talbot Murphy
Robin Panovka *
Thomas W. Peterson
Mark D. Reeth *~
Robert Allen Scher
Daniel R. Schnur *
Caren A. Senter
Douglas Lee Siegler
Alexander Jackson
Simmons, Jr. *
James D. Smith *
M. Dianne M. Soltis
Kristen Larkin Stewart *
Richard P. Virnig
Richard H. Winters
1987
Amy Merrill Appelbaum
David J. Berger
Sara J. Biden
Deborah D. Brown ^
Richard Ward Brown
ToNola D. Brown-Bland
Frank William Cureton
Steven Jewett Davis
Frank Edwin Derby
James C. Dever III
David Hamilton Donaldson
Ross Carey Formell *
James Alec Gelin
Lawrence Jonathan Goode
Charles L. Grizzle, Jr. ^
Susanne I. Haas *
Robert E. Harrington *
Amy F. Hecht
Eve Noonberg Howard ^
Jasper Alan Howard ^
David Pascal Jones
John Richard Keller
Jeffrey T. Kern
Gordon Stewart Kiesling
Teresa B. Klinkner
Kevin Michael LeWinter ^
Stephanie A. Lucie
Cynthia B. Maddox *
Robert L. Maddox, III *
Gary Edward Mason *
J. Parker Mason
Louis G. Massouras
Robert Harrison Nagle
Gregory E. Neppl
Paul G. Nofer *
Wendy Beth Oliver *
Bart James Patterson
Katherine S. Payne
Christopher J. Petrini *
Julie O. Petrini *
Alice H. Prater *
Harlan I. Prater IV *
Lindsey A. Rader *
Jane Emily Rindsberg
Ellyn T. Roberts
Richard S. Robie III
Bruce L. Rogers *
Joseph Paul Rosh
Brian Lloyd Rubin
A. Daniel Scheinman *
Jonathan Shapiro
John Sharkey *
Karen W. Shelton
Cecelia C. Smith-
Schoenwalder
Laurel Ellen Solomon
E. Blaine Stanley
Sherri W. Tatum
Penelope C. Trowbridge
Michael K. Vernier *
Diane V. White
Lorraine L. Wilson
Alan D. Wingfield
Emily O. Wingfield
Yan Xuan *
1988
Anonymous (1)
Liisa L. Anselmi
Erik O. Autor
Timothy Andrew Baxter ^
Jeffrey Paul Bloch
Jay B. Bryan
Richard E. Byrne
Douglas Robert Christensen
Jonathan Michael Crotty
Jody Kathaleen Debs
Mark R. DiOrio *
Ida P. Dorvee
Margaret Ann Force
David E. Friedman *
Don Joaquin Frost, Jr. ^
Kodwo P. Ghartey-Tagoe
Marc E. Golden *
Kathleen M. Hamm *
Lori H. Killinger
Susan Elizabeth Kinsella
Martha Schauer Klinker
John H. Kongable
David Aaron Leff ^
Josiah C.T. Lucas
Mary Kathryn Mandeville ^
Karen M. Moran
Robert J. Morris
Robert J. Nagy *
Theresa A. Newman *
Philip Martin Nichols
David Anderson Payne
Mario A. Ponce *
* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased
HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

Lisa Lee Poole ^
Emily D. Quinn
Gregory James Ruffa ^
Lisa Grogan Sams
Michael Paul Scharf
David Abba Schwarz *
Steven R. Shoemate *
Michael C. Sholtz *
Howard Andrew Skaist
Howard Scott Thompson
James Walker IV
Melissa P. Walker
Taylor D. Ward *
Susan K. Weaver *
Jill A. Whitworth
Beth D. Wilkinson *
T. Scott Wilkinson *
David Wisen *
Winston Zhao ^
Robert Von W. Zipp
1989
Scott A. Arenare *
John Stephen Barge
Kathleen Barge
Mary Dalton Baril
Steven T. Breaux *
Kimberly A. Brown
Michael Brian Carroll
Lisa M. Crotty
Alfonso de Orbegoso *
David Manning Driscoll
Peter Andrew Evett
Scott Alan Falk
Craig B. Fields
Kimiko T. Fields
Deborah S. Flannery
Michael L. Flynn
Donna Elena Frosco
Andrea B. Goldman
Michael Grundei
Jeffery S. Haff
Sharon Carr Harrington *
Eric L. Hiser ^
Michael K. Hoffman *
Robert M. Howard
Kevin Crow Kaplan
Cynthia M. King *
David M. Lieberman *
Wendy Sartory Link *
Gregg R. Melinson ^
Eric Keith Moser *
Kenneth Alonzo Murphy
Debra M. Parrish
John E. Pelletier *
Jeffrey Stevens Perlee
Irene B. Ponce *
Susan M. Prosnitz
Rose Kriger Renberg
Mark J. Rosenberg ^
Michael Anthony Ross
Marsha A. Sajer
Julie Anne Sandel
Sabine Schmidt-Pischner *
Stewart M. Scott III
John R. Stark
David Seth Starr
Paul K. Sun, Jr. *
James E. Tatum, Jr.
Leora Tec
Dominique N. Vandeperre
Danian Zhang ^
1990
Reunion Co-Chairs:
Charles C. Lucas
Anne Marie Towle
John W. Alden, Jr.
Darius K. Amjadi *
Barbara A. Baccari
Renee Elizabeth Becnel *
Stefaan H. Callens
Karen R. Cashion
W. Scott Creasman
David William Dabbs
John Sabine DeGroote *
Henry De La Garza
Donald P. Dietrich II *
Kristyn E. Dietrich *
Lisa Anne Eichhorn *
Michael D. Evers
Jay Martin Fisher
Peter R. Franklin
Michael S. French
Bradley B. Furber ^
Stephen J. Gilhooly
Caroline B. Gottschalk *
Joel J. Greenwald
Michael William Gregory, Jr. ^
John R. Hairr III
Thomas A. Hanusik
Susan Schweinberg Jackson
Lisa Combs Jern *
Jonathon H. Kaplan *
Daniel A. Kent
Nicolas A. Killen
Alfred L. Kossmann
Amy Beth Kraham
Bradley A. Krouse ^
Xiaoming Li ^
Charles C. Lucas III *
Audrey LeVine Manicone
Sally J. McDonald
Michele A. Mobley
Lucas Renato Nardini
Donald M. Nielsen
Charles Mark North
Deanna T. Okun *
Patricia Ryan O’Meara
Mark A. Redmiles
Martin Joseph Ricciardi
Peter John Roberts
Martin Schaefermeier
Julie Ann Schejbal
Julia Stephanie Shields
Jacqueline O. Shogan *
Michael Guido Silver
Laura Lynn Smith
Rhonda Joy Tobin
Rebecca L. Torrey *
Anne Marie T. Towle
Robert A. Van Kirk
Michele H. Vollmer
Elizabeth Zirkle Waetzig
Gerard J. Waldron ^
Debra M. Watton
Michael J. Watton
Joseph Camden Wilson IV
Michele J. Woods *
Muhua Yu
Jonathan Zonis
* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased
1991
Cynthia F. Adcock
Juan F. Aleman *
Samuel Craig Alexander
Amanda E. Allen
Thomas J. Biafore *
Douglas L. Brooks
Louis S. Citron
David T. Cluxton
Anne E. Connolly
Colm F. Connolly
John Mark Coulson
Dawn F. Craig
Charles Santo Detrizio
Kari Engerson Dohn
Spruell Driver, Jr.
Jennifer M. Drogula
Erica Lynn Edwards
C. Barr Flinn
Stanley Martin Gibson *
Douglas R. Gooding
Maurice O. Green
David Allen Greene
Kenneth A. Guckenberger
Jennifer G. Hays
Susan L. Heilbronner *
Pamela Lohr Hendrix
Aaron W. Kann
Gregg Allen Landau
Marcella Larsen
Eric Neil Lieberman
Trent William Ling *
Angela Lykos
Francisco David Olazabal
Douglas S. Phillips
Therence O. Pickett
Darla L. Pomeroy
Deana Kay Pruitt *
Rita K. Purut
Andrew Michael Ray
Jeffrey Jack Rice
Andrew Neil Rosenberg
James S. Rowe *
David S. Sager
Amy Beth C. Slutkin *
Andrew G. Slutkin *
Carl L. Sollee
E. Gary Spitko
Juraj Strasser
R. Vincent Taylor
Joshua F. Thorpe
Jason Frederick Trumpbour
Xianping Wang ^
1992
Mary Margaret Arndtsen
Ernest Edward Badway
Daniel Scott Berman *
Karen A. Bussel Berman *
Landis Cox Best
Jay S. Bilas
John J. Bowers
Laura L. Bradley *
Hans J. Brasseler *
Ann B. Bussel
Jayne H. Chapman
Kristin Ramsey Clyde *
Thomas MacIver Clyde *
Philip J. Combs
Kenneth Duncan Crowder
Daniel John Dolcetti
Christopher A. Donesa *
Thomas E. Dunn ^
John K. Eason
Carmela N Edmunds
Kevin Edward Flynn
Sandra J. Galvis
Martina M. Garris-Bingham
James Anthony Gleason *
Mary Lynne Grigg
B. Brett Heavner
Douglas H. Hsiao
Todd Michael Hughes
Douglas H. Jackson
N. Anthony Jeffries *
Cynthia Groomes Katz
Steven David Keirn
Stefan A. Kenn
Catherine M. Kirk
Julia K. Kirkendall
Robert E. Kohn
Deborah R. Kurzweil
Jonathan Gardner Lasley
Troy Matthew Lovell
Brendan F. Macaulay
Leanne S. Macel
Stanley Charles Macel IV
Suzanne O’Hanlon Markle
Omar Y. McNeill
Janet Moore
Sean Patrick Moylan
John Douglas Nachmann
John R. O’Connor
Michael A. O’Hara *
David Keith Park
Scott McKee Pritchett
Cliona Mary Robb
Glenn R. Sarno *
Mark David Scheinblum
Scott Woodard Stevenson
Andrea G. Taber
Deirdre C. Thomas
Edward H. Trent
Paul S. Veidenheimer
Geovette E. Washington
C. Frank Whitaker III
Paige Reese Whitaker
Sheryl A. Wilbon
Don R. Willett
Kathleen P. Wilson ^
1993
Syed Nadeem Ahmad
Mohammed Abdulrahman
Al-Sheaibi *
Jennifer Buchanan Machovec
Philip Adam Cooper
Jolynn C. Dellinger
Kelly Capen Douglas
Kira Elizabeth Druyan
Fritz L. Duda Jr. *
Lawrence Slade Eastwood, Jr.
Bruce A. Elvin *
Sara E. Emley
Catherine Stanton Flanagan
Amy Ruth Gillespie
Eric J. Glover
Katherine K. Hawkins
Cynthia Ming-Wai Ho
Jacqulynn Hugee ^
Lynn Halpern Lederman
David J. Lender
Cosmas N. Lykos *
Michael F. Newbold
Mary Margaret Ogburn
Craig Amos Pederson
Lennaert J. Posch
Frances H. Pratt
Edward Minor Prince, Jr.
Lee B. Rauch
Roxane Frances Reardon *
Todd M. Reed
Edward Hutchinson Robbins, Jr.
Charles Milton Shaffer
Alexander Grant Simpson
Daniel Earl Smith
Richard D. Smith
Timothy P. Smith
Thomas R. Sparks
David H. Steinberg
Jim O. Stuckey II
Joyce J. Sun
Anne Louise Thompson
Lodewijk D. Van Setten ^
Jay Garrett Volk
Suzanne J. Wasiolek
Ilene T. Weinreich *
Keith E. Wexelblatt
Howard Jay Young
Jonathan Marc Zeitler *
Darrell David Zurovec
1994
Susan L. Abbott
Michael W. Balfe
Allison R. Beakley
Alana R. Black
Amy Lynn Brown
Valerie Y. Busch ^
Paige T. Button ^
Randall Lee Clark
Brian McCracken Daucher
Christopher Dean Dusseault *
Anne L. Dollard *
Theodore C. Edwards II
Michael J. Elston
Lawrence S. Fox ^
Robert Maurice Fulton
Seth Evan Gardner *
Paul R. Genender *
Eileen King Gillis
Reena N. Glazer *
Randall David Grayson
W. H. Johnson III
David J. Kendall
Jennifer V. Lange
John R. Lange
Jason G. New
Jennifer M. New
John W. Nurkin ^
Rosalind M. Parker
Wesley R. Powell *
Laurie Cooper Putthoff
Elizabeth Hitchins Quigley *
L. Matthew Quigley *
Katherine D. Ringness
Seth Laurence Rodner
Adam G. Safwat *
Kathy W. Schill

Cathleen Marie Shrader
Lisa T. Simpson
Michael J. Sorrell *
Bruce Richard Spicer
Martha Wach
Matthew Ernest Watson
1995
Reunion Co-Chairs:
Adrian E. Dollard
Helen Irene Dooley
Eric Lawrence Alexander
Ana Cristina Arumi
Jean De Forest Billyou
Robert Lance Boldrey
Gregory V. Brown ^
Kelly S. Browne
Kenneth W. Bullock
Mark R. Busch ^
John V. Coburn
Jeffrey D. Collins
James Walton Copeland
Ronald A. Dabrowski
James A. Davlin V
Adrian E. Dollard *
Helen Irene Dooley ^
Duane D. Draper
Anne Marjorie Ellis
Jason R. Erb
Marc Eumann
Maria M. Fleury de Halvorssen
Matthew J. Gries
Andres Halvorssen Villegas
Kimberly A. Hendrix
Jeannine C. Jacobson
Justin D. Jacobson
David Jon Levine
Erika King Lietzan
Michael Martin Lowe
Rachel Kosmal McCart *
Andrew Edward Miller
Michael C. O’Sullivan ^
Richard J. Peltz
Julie Hauschild Richardson
Anne Wilhoit Sherley
Frederick H. Sherley
Scott Michael Tyler
Mark T. Uyeda ^
Robert Clarence Vincent III
Thomas Hartwell Warren *
Frederick L. Williams, Jr.
Brian Matthew Wyatt
1996
Michael James Bonella
Robert C. Bowers
Paul A. Brathwaite
Harold H. Chen
Loren Montgomery Clark
Tara Ann Cope
Jason D’Amico
Amy Elizabeth Davis
John I. Davis, Jr.
Michelle M. Davis
Claire Fried Drake
David M. Elliott
Keith S. Ernst
Shannon Elizabeth Geihsler
Janice L. Griffin
Thomas Lawton Harper, Jr.
Reed J. Hollander
Stacey L. C. Horan
Steven Ryan Hunter
Marcel I. Imery
Amy C. Kunstling
Lynn Ane Leubuscher
Karen A. Magri
Todd Elliott Mair
Linda H. Martin
Christopher B. McLaughlin
Maurine Mills Murtagh *
Sharon H. Patton
Catherine Ricks Piwowarski
Pamela Catherine Polacek
Vijaya Lakshima Rangaswami
Michael A. Samway
Robert J. Sayre
Robert G. Schaffer
Scott Marshall Schiefelbein
Brian J. Schoolman
Lynn-Anne M. Schow
Lovita T. Tandy *
C. Brooke Temple III *
Claire K. White
Edward H. White
Mary K. Newcomer Williams
Christian Douglas Wright
Eric Glen Zahnd
1997
Maggie H. AbuHaidar
Francisco D. Almaguer
Christopher M. Bass
Christopher P. Beall
Danielle G. Bowser
David A. Buchsbaum
Alan J. Chadd
Kelly Claire Connelly
Robert Wallace Dickey III ^
Teri Jeannine Dobbins
John R. Donald
David Ruben Esquivel
Erin S. Gaddy
Angelica T. Gallagher
Arthur L. Gallagher
Robert R. Ghoorah *
Keith S. Hasson
Jennifer Y. Henry *
Jennifer Ann Jackson
Cathleen Dick Kendall
Matthew Harris Kirtland
Anne E. Krouse
Geoffrey R. Krouse
Enrique Miguel Loncan
Robert P. McCarthy
Alissa A. Meade
David Harris Morgenstern
Patricia Taibo Northrop
James R. Pomeranz
Heather G. Regoli
Nelson M. Reid
Evan B. Rice
Julie A. Russell
Scott Eric Seewald
Michelle R. Seltzer ^
Brett D. Spiegel
Heather Marie Stack
Elizabeth C. Stone
Gillian W. Thackray
Diane P. Tso
Rashad Wareh
Jillion S. Weisberg
Michael D. Weisberg
Alan L. Whitehurst
Robert A. Wrzosek *
1998
Geoffrey W. Adams
Heather Bell Adams
Satoshi Aratani
David Warren Archey
Melissa Igdaloff Attar
Robert Kevin Bailey *
Nicole J. Becton
William M. Boyd
Ellen Dunham Bryant
Shawn Derek Bryant
Robert A. Buchholz *
Megan Lejeune Carlyle
Julie P. Coleman
Jonathan M. Cosco
Mark Francis Daly *
George B. Donnini
Rebecca G. Donnini
Fred Ebrahemi
Robert Christopher Ekstrand
Mark S. Filipini
Jennifer Lynne Franklin *
Emily B. Friedman
Shannon P. Gallagher
Eric Judson Gribbin
Jeffrey Bauer Horton
Seth Hillel Jaffe
Christine P. James
Carol A. Kelley
Rachael Dianne Kent
Amy Beth Kiesel
Aaron M. Kitlowski
Kerry Elizabeth Larsen
Baekgyu Lee
Lauralyn Beattie Lee
Peter M. Lee
LeeAnn Wheelis Lockridge
Nicholas Andrew Marsh
Valecia M. McDowell
Zachary N. Noffsinger
K. Alan Parry, Jr.
Carlos Lavon Pauling
Arden T.A. Phillips
Anthony F. Prisco, Jr.
James E.B. Sanders
Edward O. Sassower
Kenneth R. Schwartz
Sharad K. Sharma
Ting-Ting Shi
Sarah Kathleen Solum *
Patricia Tilley Song *
Alexandra Ann Tsiros
Benjamin Earl Fossum Waller
Alison H. Wallis
Darren C. Wallis
Jonathan Joseph Walsh
Peggy Y. Wang
C. Talley Wells, Jr.
Sarah E. Winslow
Ryan Christopher Wirtz
Myla B. Young
Lisa M. Zana
Kevin Zolot
Miranda M. Zolot
1999
Stephen A. Ahrens
Scott H. Allan, Jr.
David K. Bowsher*
Christian L. Broadbent
Gwendolyn Cochran Brooks
Leslie P. Carnegie *
Susan K. Chasnov
Michael J. Chiaravalloti
Theresa M. Claffey *
Shannon Leonard Clark
Leonard Milton Cole
Timothy A. Dadson
Dean Davidov
Laura B. L. Davidov
David Alan Dixon
Pascal C. Duclos
David W. Dummer
Gary Edward Eisenberg
David P. Eldersveld
Krista Marie Enns
Tamara D. Free
Christopher M. Golden
Jonathan David Gonce
Felicia Gross
G. Christopher Holland
Abigail D. Kahl
Wendy E. Kamenshine
Alan L. MacCracken III
Amy B. Monahan
Kali N. Murray
James H. O’Doherty
Jennifer Ann Paisner
Matthew D. Pipes
Kirk D. Rasmussen
Lisa L. Reichmann
Julie M. Riewe *
Jennifer M. Rogers
Paul G. Rozelle
Susan D. Rozelle
Valerie S. Sanders
Suzanne Van Houten Sauter
Hollee Schwartz Temple
M. Justin Shoemake
John L. Simpkins
Jennifer L. Sullivan
Morgen Anne Sullivan
Pamela D. Thacker
Jeffrey Hines Tignor
Amy Elizabeth Vieta
Marion T. R. Watkins ^
Seth Alain Watkins ^
Jeffrey B. Welty
Charles J. Wichmann
Anne Therese Wynne
Way-Wen Yang *
2000
Reunion Co-Chairs:
Michael L. Kimmel
Sarah E. Schott
Elisabeth J. Barek ^
Gregg S. Behr ^
Carrie Marie Bordewick
William Flint Boyer
Christine E. M. Bromberg
Nicole Rai Clement
Kevin M. Cuddy
Jill Felice Dash
Christine M. DeMott *
Jose Ignacio Diaz
Elizabeth E. Doscher *
Duncan B. Douglass
Chunyan Fan
Frederic David Fenton
Matthew A. Fischer
Jacqueline Elise Goldberg
Jason Wells Goode *
Robert Toms Gray *
Felipe Guzman Rencoret
Christopher L. Hale
Brian Michael Harris
Michael R. Heath
Elizabeth Anne Holt *
Laura M. Kelley
Michael L. Kimmel ^
Brian D. King *
Wolfgang Lehning
Adam G. Linett
Jennifer N. Locke
M. Farley Collins Lucke
Patrick M. Manseau
Antionette J. Marbray
Melissa K. Marler ^
John T. McBroom
Frances Turner Mock
Alison K. Morello
Amber Lynn Morrell
Dustin B. Rawlin *
Andy P. Roberts
Sarah E. Schott *
Eric B. Schupper
Jeremy Todd Steele
Mariya S. Treisman *
Michael B. Treisman *
Jeremy M. Veit *
Julie O. Veit *
Alice J. Walker
L. Neal Wheeler
Christopher A. Ziebarth
2001
Kamla G. Alexander
Sandra Good Alley
Leigh A. Bacon
Mark Lawrence Bieter ^
Kelly S. Black-Holmes
Daniel Terry Blue III *
Paul E. Booth
Kristi Lynn Bowman
Rodney D. Bullard
Collin J. Cox ^
Alexander C. Dale
Amberly Lynn M. Donath
Tabor J. Dorsey
Samantha J. Ekstrand
Russell T. Goin ^
Neal A. Gordon
William A. Haddad
Adam S. Hoffman
Michael J. Hostetler
Michael C. Hughes
Shymeka L. Hunter
Kevin R. Jones
John N. Kandara
Melanie L. Katsur
Robert W. Kaufman
Kasel E. Knight
Oliver Tsung Wen Lee *
Sarah W. Leung
* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased
HONOR ROLL OF DONORS DONORS

Johan F. Mattsson ^
Ioana A. Mihaltu ^
Tracey A. Moriarty
Michael G. Mosier
Adam D. Munson
Justin R. Popp
Christopher D. Rae
Meggan L. Rawlin *
Mary S. Richardson
Matthew J. Rupp
Sarah H. Rupp
Seth J. Safra ^
Antony L. Sanacory
Jana M. Scharf
Nancy Nell Scott *
Christopher P. Seufert *
James Anthony Silver
Joshua L. Stayn
Courtney A. Tippy
Melissa C. Trousdale
Yuann-Yi Tsai
Clay Matthew West
Bradford Dickerson
Whitehurst
Nicole K. Wilson
Tzi-Sheng Wu
2002
Adam H. Arkel ^
Kimberly Ann Bart
Heather M. Bell
Robert Harrison Bell ^
Alison Waugh Benge ^
Andrea L. Bradford ^
Jeffrey Dana Bradford ^
Lisa M. Campoli ^
Glen E. Caplan
Andrew Lu-Young Chang
Christine R. Chobot
Jennifer Rose Cotner
Charles Davant
Matthew T. Davidson
Erin F. DeCarlo
Adam J. Di Vincenzo
Drew David Dropkin
Christopher Michael Evans
Daniel Joseph Foster
Alyson F. Gannon
Leonard Montreal Garside
John Franklin Garvish
Darin Jeffrey Glasser
Maria C. Granier
Andrew Edward Grimmig
Eric Roger Grouse
Kenneth Rhyne Harris
Marcella Ann Harshbarger
David Emmett Hawkins
Carie Little Hersh
Rolfe Ian Hubley
Robert Aloysius Hyde
Ian Jinkerson
Suesie Kang
Kate Jordan Kelley
Denali A. Kemppel
Christy E. Kiely
David Kim
Mark Watkins Kinghorn
Albert Zoltan Kovacs ^
Jesse James Edward Linebaugh
Adam Robert Long
Thomas M. McDermott
Meg McKnight
Steven Joshua Mesnick
Edward N. Moss
Thomas Bernabe Mulhern
Oliver Oosterbaan
Hope E. Perry
Octavia N. Powers
Mark Deeds Rambler
Alison M. Rhoten
Augusta Morgan Ridley
Katherine Ellen Saitas
David Alexander Shuford
Mary Beth Steele
Shannon W. Stevenson ^
Heather Lindsay Stewart
Jennifer Louise Tomsen
Nwabundo Enuma
Ume-Nwagbo *
Susan Elizabeth Wood *
2003
Suzanne M. Alford
Stephan Bauer
Jason W. Bliss
Dhamian A. Blue
Matthew J. Bonness
Shivaun A. Cooney
Christine S. Cox
Colin R. Crossman
Alexander J. Davie
Kimberly L. Edwards
Paul R. Ervin III
Rachael Grad
Bradford F. Gay ^
Claibourne S. Harrison *
James B. Insco
Elizabeth M. Israel
Joel L. Israel
Matthew D. Kane
David R. Kaplan
Juliet J. Karastelev *
Jonathan E. Kellner
Leon Kelly
Angela M. Kinghorn
Tobias M. Leder
Stuart D. Louie *
Darren E. Malhame
Jenifer J. Marsh
Marna A. McDermott
James D. McLain ^
Kendra A. Montgomery-Blinn
Sean M. O’Neil
Daniel J. O’Neill
Christopher S. Perry
Kelly A. Perry *
M. Catherine Peshkin *
Amy A. Pines
Jontille F. Ray
Jennifer L. Rosen
Nathan G. Schmidt *
Lewis W. Schlossberg
Stephen T. Smith
Allison H. Stiles
Mark B. Sweet *
Kelly M. Townsend
Jason S. Veloso
Caroline E. Wainright
Heather M. Ward
Edward T. Werner
* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased
Karin H. Werner
Aaron T. Wolfson
Fan Yu
Jing Zhang
Dana C. Ziker
Bradley T. Zimmer *
Meredith Zinanni *
2004
Anonymous (2)
Karen K. Ahrens
Marco A. Alencar
Allison A. Ames
Kristine M. Andreassen *
Trever K. Asam *
Marika R. Athens
Caroline N. Belk
Sarah E. Bell *
Brian R. Berman *
Jennifer A. Berman *
Philip J. Bezanson *
Deidre D. Blocker
Linda M. Boyd
Tamala T. Boyd *
Courtney R. Brewer
Krista M. Brookhart
Frank I. Chao
Sohini Chatterjee *
Donald E. Childress III
Graham J. Chynoweth *
Randall H. Cook
Evan M. Cramer
Joseph W. Creech
Justin T. Curley *
Sarah V. Dadush *
Sarah H. Davis *
Shefaali K. Desai
Jeremy C. Entwisle *
Nita Farahany *
Amir R. Farokhi
Christopher P. Fazekas *
Thomas B. Franca
Shalisha C. Francis
Vanessa R. Franco
John D. Fred *
Robert J. Gallagher, Jr. *
Seagrumn L. Gilbert *
Michael L. Greenwald
Michael S. Guntersdorfer *
Meaghan P. Hannan
Merrill F. Hoopengardner *
Mami Horigome ^
Yoshinori Horigome ^
Richard T. Hossfeld *
Jerome Jotterand
Stefanie I. Kandzia *
Sebastian Kielmanovich
Joong W. Kim
Blake A. Klein *
Kimberly A. Klimczuk
Michael T. Koenig
Jonathan S. Krause
Timothy K. Kuhner
Federico C. Lander
Leif-Eric Langguth
Luke A. Lantta
Corey A. Lee
Kristoffer B. Leftwich
Justin C. Letts
Andrea Lima-Alencar
Donal A. Luna *
Artemis H. Malekpour
Jill R. Martin
Rebecca S. Matthews
Robert A. Mays *
Neill G. McBryde, Jr.
Montaye S. McGee
Reginald B. McKnight
Michael E. Meyer
Christopher S. Mills
Dawn E. Murphy-Johnson
Phillip W. Nelson *
Palle S. Nielsen ^
Sarah J. North
Katelin R. Oakley
Ashley M. Oland
Jae W. Park, Jr.
Mayur R. Patel
Abigail J. Politzer
Timothy M. Pomarole
Emily J. Ratte
Peter A. Reaves
Juliana C. Richards *
Walter K. Robinson
Keith A. Rogers *
Stuart H. Russell *
Christopher A. Sajdera *
Andrew J. Schrage
Alphonso Simon, Jr. *
Jesse T. Smallwood *
Peter M. Smith
Shannon L. Smith
Mitchell D. Sprengelmeyer
Dayton K. Stout *
Sarah D. Stumpf
Emily K. Su
Brian T. Sumner *
Jonathan A. Sutter
Shannon K. Swallows
Kirsten J. Taylor
Dalia Topelson *
Samuel E. Toth
Andrew T. Tripp *
Terry T. Tucker
E. Cynthia Uduebor
Minodora D. Vancea
Willem H. Verschuur
Laura M. Walker
Gregory C. Walsh
Jamiah K. Waterman
Christopher B. Weld
Erinn A. White
C. Bryan Wilson *
Kellen B. Zale
Carrie A. Zimpritch
2005
Class Gift Campaign
Co-Chairs:
Brandon S. Long
Kelsey M. Weir
Ujin Ahn *
Donald G. Ainscow
Ron M. Aizen
Suzana S. Albano
Gyorgy Bacsa
J. Christopher Baird
Dessa J. Baker
Adam J. Bedel ^
Demarron A. Berkley ^
Felipe Blanco
Matthew S. Block
Wyatt E. Bloomfield
Jessica A. Bohrer
Stephanie N. Bradford
Brian C. Brook ^
Phakawat Chanyasuthiwong
Scott C. Chase
Andrea D. Cherng
Alexa Z. Chew
Eric K. Chiu
Matthew T. Christensen
Kyung Hoon Chun
Sarah E. Citrin
J. Reed Clay, Jr.
Natalie C. Clayton
Noah A. Clements
Jenny A. Cook
Leslie K. Cooley
Susannah B. Cox
John Curry *
Florence Danis
Nicholeen S. DePersis
Derek R. Dillman ^
Nora K. Doolin ^
Matthew L. Durham
Scott M. Edson
David J. Eklund
Bestin R. Ennacheril
Christopher E. Farmer
Dena Fayad
Thomas E. Felsberg
Samantha A. Ferris
Samuel A. Forehand
Shannon E. Frank
Kristen J. Freeman ^
Christopher J. Fregiato
Kimberly C. French
Dylan M. Fuge
Taisuke Fukunaga
Melissa A. Ganz *
Grant W. Garber
Megan K. Gaudette
Jason L. Gelman
Richard H. Griffin
Maximilian M. Haag
Nathan B. Hagerman
Takehisa Hamada
Leigh M. Harlan
Daniel R. Harpole
Christopher R. Hart ^
Stacy J. Hauf
Andrew A. Hecht
Dolores W. Herman
Daniel G. Hick
Kylie Inman Holladay
Heather M. Howard
Jeffrey C. Imerman ^
Akiko Ishihara
Cory R. Kampfer
Noriyasu Kaneko
Amy H. Kearbey
Timothy A. Key
Ruth K. Khalsa
Yon Mi Kim
Mangyo Kinoshita
Hisato Kitazawa
Yelizaveta Klimova-Troxler
Ute Klose
Zachary S. Klughaupt

Samuel S. Kwak
Kristin M. Leavy
Kyunghoon Lee
Thomas G. Lenne *
Michael T. Levin
Janna S. Lewis ^
Andrea Lima-Alencar
Chia Y. Lin
Chih-Chieh Lin
Fang Liu
Jun Liu
Michael A. Lodzinski
Jennifer A. Lohr
Brandon S. Long
Christopher R. Machera
A. Rebecca Early Marques
Takayuki Maruyama
Amy M. Mason
Taku Matsumoto
Thomas B. McCudden
Lei Mei
Claire L. Merrin
David S. Moncure
Kara M. Moorcroft
Kathleen P. Moore
Brian D. Murry
Robert F. Muth
Peter G. Naismith
Louis David Nefouse
Chad T. Nicholson
Michael E. Nissim
Wenjie Niu
Elizabeth D. Noble ^
Rohan Oberoi *
Yemi P. Oladeinde
Jeffrey L. Osterwise ^
Lindsay R. Pennington ^
Kimberly M. Perdue
Margot M. Pfohl
Jennifer L. Plappert
Pietro Pouche
Steven J. Pritchett ^
Angela J. Rafoth
Charles R. Rayburn III
Jeremy B. Reckmeyer
Suzanne D. Reider ^
Pamela L. Reyburn
Elizabeth M. Reza ^
Keri A. Richardson *
Allison H. Ridder *
Jason S. Rimes
Nicolas Robeson
Meredith G. Robinson
Ian M. Ross
Janey O. Rountree
Caroline H. Ryan
Bastiaan A. Ryckaert
Nobuki Sanagawa
Mauricio Sanders Huerta
Jennifer R. Schaum
Michael T. Schwaiger
Yukie Seii
Ryota Sekine
Howard I. Sherman
Steven D. Shogren
Adam M. Shulman
Trent S. Shuping
Mark R. Sigmon
Victoria Simonova
Sayam Siwarapornskul
Anna R. Smith
Kerri M. Smith
Katherine P. Soby
Carolin E. Spiegel
Johanna R. Stein
Alicia P. Swingle ^
Norio Tachi
James D. Thayer
David L. Tkach
Julian R. Vasquez
Hongjing Wang
Li-wei Wang
Hayley S. Weimer
Kelsey M. Weir
Wesley S. White
Brittany P. Whitesell
Lindsey L. Wiersma
Alexander Wojtek
Biao Xing
Daniel X. Xu
Kenji Yamanami
Grant C. Yang
Ingrid Yang
Jingsong Zhang
Lan Zhang
2006
Anonymous (1)
Amanda S. Lacoff
Matthew N. Leerberg *
Donald J. Macbean
Wyley S. Proctor
Friends of Duke
Law School
Anonymous (8)
3M Foundation
Doug B. Abrams ^
Lynn G. Abrams
Margaret S. Abrams ^
Zoila Abreu
Acuity Brands Inc.
Thomas R. Adams *
Virginia B. Adelson *
Debra S. Adler
ADP Foundation *
Advisory Publications *
Agilent Technologies
Aidswalk
Air Products Foundation
Akzo Nobel Inc.
Melinda L. Albert
Christine N. Alexander *
Jeanne B. Alexander *
Carolyn Z. Alford
Allen & Overy LLP *
George A. Allsopp
Mary E. Allsopp
Alouette Old Orchard Beach
Resort Inc.
American International
Group, Inc. *
American University *
Elizabeth Anderson
James Anderson
William B. Anderson
Andrews Kurth LLP
Linda V. L. Anthony *
Aon Risk Services *
Mariko Aratani
Carol R. Armstrong
Ellen T. Armstrong
ARS National Practice Groups *
The Atlantic Philanthropies *
Ron Igdaloff Attar
Charles S. Atwater, Sr.
Ayco Charitable Foundation *
Patricia C. Ayres *
Anne Adams Baade
Mary Reynolds Babcock
Foundation *
Cynthia G. Baber *
Susan P. Bachelder
Ann K. Bailey *
Barbara Baker
Cynthia Lee Baker *
Paul Baldasare, Jr.
Tom Baldasare
Alison K. Baldwin
Bank of America *
Bank of America Corporation *
Bank of America Foundation *
Bank of New York
Karen D. Barbour
Bob Barker *
John Alexander Bartlett
Patricia A. Bartlett
Katharine T. Bartlett *
Lynn Digby Baxter ^
Duncan M. Beale *
Sara Sun Beale *
Bear Stearns & Company *
Claudia C. Beard *
Jane M. Beatty
Jane Fisher Beaver
Bechtel Foundation
Pamela J. Beeler *
Gregg S. Behr *
Faith Bell Trust *
James R. Bell III
Victoria Smith Bell
BellSouth Corporation *
Lynda G. Bender
Joyce S. Bender *
Jeremiah Benge
Stuart Benjamin
Lynda L. Benson
Mina Berger
Lloyd D. Berkowitz ^
Beth J. Berman
Katherine G. Berman
Dale S. Bernard *~
Maureen Berry
Bessemer Trust
Company, N.A. *
Better World Fund
Janie Bezanson *
Thomas E. Bezanson *
Estate of Anita W. Bidlake *
Mary G. Biggs *
Wendy Johnson Bilas
Sandra Biloon
Bernard M. Blanchard
Blanchard Fund
Neilia L. Bliss
Edna Earle Blue *
Fredric Blum
Tracy L. Blum
Needham J. Boddie II *
Boeing Company
Betsy M. Bogle
Nancy J. Bolinger
Brian W. Bolster *
Marsha Bookman
Julia A. Borbely-Brown
BOS Foundation *
Boston Foundation
Polaroid Fund
Kristen Eastwood Bowers
Elizabeth G. Bowling *
Jack B. Boyd
Lisa Brachman
David F. Bradley *
Branch Banking & Trust Co. *
Sonya T. Brathwaite
Hope E. Breeze
Marjorie L. Breisblatt *
Patricia Breuninger
Bristol-Myers Squibb
Foundation *
Matthew F. Bromberg
Jean C. Brooks
Nancy S. Brown
Katharine B. Buchanan *~
Phillip H. Buchanan *~
Jessica Buchsbaum
Cynthia Jones Buck *
Buhrman & Associates, P.C. *
Judith Buhrman *
Stuart Upchurch Buice *
Linda M. Bullock
John F. Burness
Patsy L. Burns ^
Timothy H. Button ^
Jennifer Byrne
Julie M. Cabe
Cadwalader, Wickersham
& Taft ^
Susan A. Calderwood
Rosemary Anne Calvert
Canning Foundation *
Charles A. Cannon Trust #3 *
Bessie M. Carrington *
Paul D. Carrington *
David C. Carroll *
Jean M. Cary
David Stanley Cecelski
Cecile H. Chadwick *
Laurel R. Chadwick *
Chalfont Foundation Inc. *
Sing W. Chang
Erwin Chemerinsky
ChevronTexaco ^
Deborah Chiles *
Kyoungjin Choi *
Deborah C. Christie
George C. Christie
Douglas D. Chunn ^
Danielle M. Citron
Charles M. Clark, Jr. *
Dylan Clark
Cleary, Gottlieb, Steen &
Hamilton *
Charles T. Clotfelter *
The Coca-Cola Company
Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. *
Coca-Cola Foundation *
Robert & Suzanne Cochran
Family Foundation *
Suzanne H. Cochran *
Susan H. Cole
Cynthia Lynn Coleman
J. Edward Coleman
Virginia Combs *
Communities Foundation
of Texas
Community Foundation for
Greater Atlanta Inc. *
Community Foundation of
Greater Greensboro Inc. *
Community Foundation of
Greater Memphis
Community Foundation of
Western North Carolina ^
Emily Y. Condon
The Connecticut Law Book
Company
Suzanne Cook
Gretchen Cooley
Jacqueline M. Cooper
Karen B. Cooper
Louise Sullivan Cooper
Martha D. Cooper
Michael S. Cooper
Elizabeth S. Copeland
Valerie B. Cordiano *
Corn Products International
Margaret V. S. Costley
Joyce M. Coughlan *
Covington & Burling *
Donald R. Cox, Jr.
James D. Cox *
Linda H. Craig
Michael B. Craig
Crape Myrtle Festival ^
Cravath, Swaine & Moore
Sara Harris Craven
Marie L. Crawford *
Crouse Law Offices, PLLC
Crowder Construction
Company ^
John K. Crowe
CSX Corporation *
Eugene M. Cummings ^
Tom Daniel
Richard A. Danner *
Nancy G. Davenport *
Elizabeth Heefner Davis
Thomas Fletcher Davis
Davis Charitable Lead Trust ^
Francis M. Days
Christine W. Dean
Robert C. DeCarlo
Anne C. DeJohn
Mary K. Delaney
Hampton Y. Dellinger
Del Monte Corporation
Deloitte Foundation
Delta Air Lines Foundation
Deborah A. DeMott *
Joanne B. Derryberry
Dewey Ballantine ^
Carol B. Dickman
Diane Dimond
John K. Dion ^
Karen E. Dion ^
Walt Disney Company
Foundation
Karen Elisabeth Dixon
Dominion Foundation
* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased
HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

Robert W. Donath
Kelly Elise Dooley
Dow, Lohnes and Albertson ^
Anne C. Drennan
Duda Family Foundation *
Fritz L. Duda, Sr. *
James F. Duda *
The Duke Endowment *
Duke Energy Foundation *
Rebecca W. Dukes *
Nancy R. Dunson
George Homer Durham II *
Durham Merchants
Association Charitable
Foundation *
Dykema Gossett PLLC
Catherine G. Eades
Mark E. Easley
Eastern Area Health Education
Center, Inc.
Patricia B. Eastwood
Ecolab Foundation
Martha L. Edmonds
Ann Edmundson
Elizabeth Eife-Johnson
Rebecca B. Elvin *
Energen Corporation
Elizabeth Y. Enstam
Joanne Ernteman ^
Katharine H. Ervin *
Rodney L. Eshelman
Katherine D. Esquivel
Dalby Chandler Etheridge
Evada Foundation Ltd. *
Michael D. Evans
Kathrine Robinson
Everett Charitable
Testamentary Trust *
ExxonMobil Foundation *
Faegre & Benson Foundation
Henry L. Falls
Henry L. Falls III
Victor Farah
Farmers Insurance Group, Inc.
Randi Feiner *
David S. Feinman
Mary A. Ferguson *
Wanda T. Ferraro
FGIC
Fidelity Charitable Gift Fund *
Fidelity Foundation *
First Data Western Union
Foundation
Barbara Fish
Peter G. Fish
Jill I. Fishman *
Catherine L. Fisk
Bonnie S. Fleming *
Noemi Flores
Estate of Marion G. Follin *
Andrew H. Foster
Foundation for the Carolinas *
Ann Marie O. Fred *
Freddie Mac Foundation
Eric Martin Free
Michael Freemark
Maureen E. Frey
Jean Louderback Fridy *
Marilyn Nelson Friedman *
Melinda M. Friedman *
Ingrid G. Froneberger
Thomas M. Froneberger
Frost Brown Todd LLC
Paul Jay Fukushima
Nancy S. Fuller *
Carol Gallione
Jill M. Gardner *
June B. Garrison
Linda G. Garro
Marita C. Gates
General Electric Company *
Ellen W. Gerber
Belinda Bundy Friedman
Gergel
Sheila B. Gerstein *
Sarah Elizabeth Gibson
Gibson Dunn & Crutcher LLP *
Anne P. B. Gilchrist ^
Mark Gillis
Roxie B. Gilman
GKN Foundation *
Emily S. Glaze *
Ellen J. Gleberman *
Sandra S. Glover
Mary Ann McDonough
Godwin *
Jeffrey B. Golden *
Rita P. Golden *
Goldman Sachs & Company *
Milton Hugh Gonzales, Jr.
Ann R. Goode
Susan S. Goodmon *
Nisha Gopal
David N. Gordon
Joyce N. Gordon *
Nannette W. Gorman
Linda A. Gottlieb
Sara T. Graves
Carolyn F. Gray
Stephanie B. Green
Betsy L. Griffin ^
Priscilla G. Griffin *
Roy J. and Jeanne Grogan
Family Foundation ^
Eunice H. Grossman
Herman Grossman
Janet Benson Grossman
Grumbles Foundation ^
James V. Gudaitis
Guilford College
Thomas B. Hadzor *~
Jane T. Hahn *
John S. Hahn *
Robert George Haile III
Donald Ross Hamilton, Jr. *
Katherine M. Hamilton *
Mary Elaine Hammond
Michael J. Hannon
Laura Catherine Hanson
Ellen O. Hanusik
Donna L. Hardiman *
Barbara Hardin
Helen A. Harper
Susan F. Harper *
Cathleen R. Harris
Janet Harris
Reginald Shawn Harris
Sally T. Harris
Patricia A. E. Harriss
Donna May B. Harrop
* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased
Kathryn D. Hart
Lucy H. Harwood
Elizabeth S. Hasson
Clark C. Havighurst
Karen W. Havighurst
Charles T. Hawkins
Lark Hayes
Janse C. Haywood
Kenneth A. Haywood
Joan Harding Hazelton
Willie Gordon Hendricks
Barbara D. Henkel ~
Vallie J. Henry *
Tony Henson
Steven J. Heyman
Beverly B. Hicks
Marion L. Hicks, Jr. ^
William F. Highberger
Hillsdale Fund, Inc. *
Anna Ho *
Jon T. Hoffman
Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. *
Sara M. Holdcroft
Harriet T. Holderness *
Holland & Knight *
Thomas Michael Holmes
Jean H. Holt
Jack Holtzman
Honeywell *
Andrew J. Hoopengardner
Donald L. Horowitz
Judith A. Horowitz
Richard & Marcy Horvitz
Foundation *
Sherry B. Horwich
Rebecca B. Houghton
Regina D. Howell *
Harvey C. Hubbell Trust *
Robin E. Hudson
Bettysue Cameron Hughes *
Mark Hulsey
Penny Hunt
Hunton & Williams ^
IBM Corporation
Kevin Ilsen
Alice Acton Ingram
Intel Foundation
IOLTA Board of Trustees *
David L. James
Jaques Law Offices
Janis Fisher Jenkins
Linda C. Jenkins
John Jensen
Susan N. Jernigan
Sandra Leigh Johnson
Velma H. Johnson *
Johnson & Johnson ^
David H. Jolly
Elizabeth L. Jones ^
Jon Stephen Jones
Terrie Carol Jones Whittier
Ann Turner Jordan *
Robert W. Jordan *
Margaret H. Jorgensen *
JP Morgan Chase Foundation *
JustGive *
Justus Law Offices
Nathan Warner Kahl
Carlotta Satterfield Kale ^
Lawrence Jeffrey Kaplan
Samuel L. Katz
Edward E. Kaufman *
Lynne M. Kaufman *
Peggy G. Kaufman
Kristine K. Kay *
Kirk W. Keever
Mary Eskridge Keiler *
Lizanne Kelley
Christine K. Kelly *
Christi H. Kenn
Nannerl O. Keohane *
Robert Keohane *
Mary C. Kilbourn *
Lee M. Killinger
Kim & Chang *
Margarite A. Kimmel ^
King & Spalding *
Joseph E. Kinsella, Jr.
Ann Pfohl Kirby *
Kirkland & Ellis
Marilyn Kneller-Rimsky
Adam Knight
Emily Turner Knight *
Christie K. Knudsen
Lynn A. Koenig
Inna Kogan
Christine Kohls-Heavner
Marion Duncan Kortepeter
John A. Koskinen ^
Patricia Koskinen ^
Jacqueline M. Krebs *
Kresge Foundation *
Kromann Reumert *
Susan N. Krouse *
Kuniholm Law Firm
Teresa C. Kutteh
La Macchia Family Foundation *
Hoang Van Lam
Patricia D. Larson *
Louise Lasker *
Elizabeth Hilton Lasley
LCS & Partners Law Firm *
Seung W. Lee
Lehman Brothers Inc.
Susan E. Leister ^
Rosanne Levine
Shirley P. Levine
Constance Brown Lewis
Ogden Lewis *
Christian A. Libson *
Eli Lilly & Company
Foundation
Mary J. Lincoln *
Siauw A. Ling ^
Kostas Liopiros
Deborah A. Lipman ^
Peter Lipman ^
Richard Lischer
Tracy K. Lischer
Doris I. Lloyd ^
Charlotte H. Locher
Barbara H. Lockhart
London Drugs Foundation *
Marianna Marshall Long
Michelle Love
Paul Luebke
Donna Buonanno Luttrell
Andrea K. Lybecker
Martin E. Lybecker
Kelli-Anne Lykos *
Maryann Lyon *
Janice F. Madden *
David Mainella
Henry W. Majestic
Geoffrey Manicone
Carolyn L. Mann
Marathon Oil Company
Foundation *
Robin G. Marin
Carol S. Marquardt
Marsh & McLennan
Companies Inc. *
Vickie Winn Martin
Lora Fassett Mason
Mathis-Pfohl Foundation *
Richard C. Maxwell *
Laurie E. May *
Frederick W. Mayer
Mayer Brown Rowe
& Maw LLP *
MBNA
Mary Jo McCalley *~
Susan B. McCaughan *~
Keith A. McCausland *
Wendy J. McCorkle
Margaret A. McCormick *
Michael D. McCormick *
Alexander P. McCoy
Steven Jagger McDonald
Edward R. McGee
Francis E. McGovern, II
Jennifer Mary McGovern
Katy V. McGovern
McGraw-Hill Companies *
McGraw-Hill Foundation
McGuireWoods LLP ^
Mary L. McKee *
Kathleen Mary Danchuk
McKeithen ^
R. Smith McKeithen ^
Celeste P. McLain *
Gail Singletary McLean
Mary E. McLees-Lane
Brenda S. Merchant
Merrill Lynch *
Nancy Metzloff *
Thomas B. Metzloff *
Martha M. Mewhort
Pearl Meyer & Partners, Inc. *
Robert J. Meyer
Ralf C. Michaels *
Michelson Law Office
Microsoft Corporation
Edmund D. Milam, Jr.
Martha N. Milam
Elaine Pouletson Miller *
John R. Miller
June L. Miller *
Susan B. Miller
Brenda C. Mills
Eve R. Mills
Alice N. Mine
William Kenneth Miner
Elizabeth S. Mirkin
Jo Dare Mitchell ^
Liam Murphy Monahan
Margaret T. Moore
Moore & Van Allen, PLLC ^
Celeste M. Moran
Carol Preston Morgan *

B. Wistar Morris, III
Sally M. Morrison *
Morrison & Foerster
Foundation
Nathan Gibson Morrow
Kenneth C. Morton ^
Amy M. Moss *
Robert P. Mosteller
Barbara F. Musselwhite *
Myers Bigel Sibley & Sajovec ^
National Business Institute
Mr. and Mrs. Gregory S.
Nefouse
Harriet Gould Nesbitt
New York Stock Exchange
Foundation *
Amy Sears Nichols
M. Jackson Nichols
NIKE, Inc. *
Philip Ninan
Donald E. & Alice M. Noble
Foundation, Inc. *
Norfolk Southern Foundation ^
North Carolina State Bar
Board of Continuing Legal
Education *
North East Baptist Church
Northern Trust Company
Northwestern Mutual Life
Foundation *
Novartis US Foundation
Loretta Nussbacher *
Kathleen C. O’Connor
Margaret O’Donnell
Mary N. P. Oglesby
Bernard Robert Okun *
Mary A. O’Meara
O’Melveny & Myers LLP
David E. Oney
James M. O’Reilly
Margaret K. Orson
Carol C. Osborne
Robert T. Osteen
Jennifer W. Owen
Owen Cheatham Foundation
James E. Padilla Trust *
Laurel D. Palmer *
Carol S. Pancoast *
David W. Pancost *
Parker Poe Adams
& Bernstein LLP
Alexander Wells Parrish
Passage Home Inc.
Sam P. Patterson
Bruce M. Patton
Paul, Hastings, Janofsky &
Walker LLP ^
Corie D. Pauling
Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton
& Garrison
Lynn H. Peacock
Ann Gerald Pearlman *
Jeffrey J. Peck *
Peek Cobb Edwards & Ashton *
Marilyn T. Pelehach
Carolyn K. Penny ^
Sue E. Peppers*
Karen Perry
Calvin R. Peters *
Pfizer Foundation
Pfizer Inc. *
Elizabeth O’Shea Pfohl *
James M. Pfohl *
Marjorie A. Pipkin *
Mary Jane Brown Pishko *
Lori E. Pistor
PJM Interconnection
PNC Bank Foundation
Andrew E. Poh
Ildiko Poliner *
Susan P. Posey
H. Jefferson Powell
Margaret McElroy Powell
Jo Ann Prentiss
Linda R. Press
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP *
Procter & Gamble Fund *
Professional Education
Systems Inc.
Proskauer Rose LLP
Providian Financial ^
PUA & Associates *
Cemil M. Purut
Leonard V. Quigley *
Lynn Quigley *
Mary James Moore Quillen
David Lawrence Rabiner
Donna Shapiro Rabiner
Linda K. Ragsdale
Arti K. Rai
The Rallis Richner
Foundation, Inc. *
R. Dennis Rasor *
Karen R. Rassler
Yvonne M. Rayburn *
Mark J. Regoli
Sandra S. Rendall
William A. Reppy, Jr. *
R.J. Reynolds Foundation *
Marian N. Rice
Melanie B. Richards *
Frances Wilmer Richardson
Richemont International SA *
Melissa G. Richey
Marguerite F. Riddick ^~
Karen W. Rigney *
Margaret V. W. Riley
Patricia M. Riley
Arthur Anthony Ringness
Carolyn Pritchard Riordan *
Jennifer G. Roberts
Horace B. Robertson, Jr.
Patricia L. Robertson
Wendy A. Robineau *
Judith Pye Robinson ^
Pauline Gray Robinson *
Sally D. Robinson *
Samuel E. Robison, Jr.
Louise T. Rogers-Sumner
Martha W. Rohder
Rachel L. Rosen
Jayne L. Rosenberg *
Marnie J. Rosenberg ^
Rosenberg, Minc, Falkoff
& Wolff LLP *
Ele Ross *~
Susan C. Ross *~
Thomas D. Rowe, Jr. *
Lao Elisea Rubert
Linda Ruzinsky
Mary Chandler Rydzel *
Edward Saag
Sader & Lemaire P.A.
Christopher A. Sales ^
Salisbury Community
Foundation *
Zully C. Sandron
Sara Lee Corporation
Sara Lee Foundation
Heather D. Sasinowska
Maciek Sasinowski
SBC Foundation
Trina E. Scharf
Anita Scheinblum
Zoe Scheinman *
Schering-Plough Foundation
Stephen Matthew Schewel
James Andrew Schiff *
Robert C. & Adele R. Schiff
Foundation *
Mark Irvin Schill
William Tilghman Schlough
Richard L. Schmalbeck *
Mariann Schmudde *
Deborah S. Schnur *
The Scholarship Foundation
Yonit A. Schoolman
Christopher H. Schroeder *
Schwab Fund for Charitable
Giving *
Amy Schwartz
Loretta E. Scuderi
J.C. Seacrest Trust
Laura Segal &
Associates, Inc. *
Henry E. Seibert IV
Yukie Seii
Sandra L. Self
Sempra Energy
Sharon McClanahan Setzer
Angel C. Seufert *
Karen C. Shaffer
Mildred A. Shailer ^
Dale R. Shaw *
Susan W. Shenkin *
Shearman & Sterling *
Patricia H. Shebey
Harriet Shenkman
Shepard Broad Foundation *
Lauren G. Sheriff
Dennis J. Shields
Cynia B. Shimm ~
Melvin G. Shimm ~
Jeffrey Shogan *
Beth B. Sholtz *
Fredericka S. Sholtz *
Shook, Hardy & Bacon LLP
Barbara L. Sibley *
Sidley Austin Brown & Wood
Rochelle R. Siegel *
Gloria R. Silber
Pam Silberman
Simpson Thacher
& Bartlett, LLP *
Skadden Arps Slate
Meagher & Flom *
Anne Slifkin
Amanda Smith
David B. Smith, Jr. *
Iris A. Smith
Jeanne G. Smith
Lisa Smith
Margaret Chandler Smith *
Margaret Taylor Smith *
Mary Gray Smith *~
Michael M. Smith ^
R. Jeffrey Smith
Randell Clark Smith *
Smith Anderson Blount
Dorsett Mitchell & Jernigan
Snell & Wilmer
Eric I. Song *
Spach & Associates, P.C. *
Ann M. Speer ^
SpencerStuart *
Beth Wallen Spicer
Spore, Inc.
E. Carol Spruill
Star Family Foundation *
State Farm Companies
Foundation
Linda G. Steckley *
Gillian Steel *
Robert K. Steel Family
Foundation *
Robert King Steel *
Albert F. Stevenson *
Lynn W. Stevenson *
Todd Scott Stevenson ^
Corinne D. Stewart *
Lindsay D. Stewart *
Sandra Paine Stewart
Brian Stone, Jr.
Grace Janine Stonerock ^
Amy Strasnick
Stephen J. Strasnick
Kathy Brooks Strickland *
Gabriela Stukenborg
Sullivan & Cromwell
Phyllis Supple
Sutherland Asbill
& Brennan LLP *
Sebastia L. Svolos *
Symantec Corporation ^
Syngenta
Marilyn D. Tabak *
Jeffrey Everett Taber
Norio Tachi
Teddy J. Taylor ^
Teachers Insurance & Annuity
Association *
Textron Inc.
Imogene Hill Thaler *
Mark A. Thomas
Terri F. Thompson
Thompson & Knight ^
Thompson & Knight
Foundation *
Adrienne T. Tietz *
Time Warner Inc.
Marie E. Tjoflat
Brent A. Townsend
Toys “R” Us Children’s
Fund, Inc.*
Josiah C. Trent Memorial
Foundation *
Triangle Community
Foundation Inc. *
Triangle Intellectual Property
Law Association ^
Triangle United Way
Ana M. Triliouris
George Triliouris
Kelly K. Trumpbour
Stanley Tso
Wendy W. Tucker *
Ann C. Tunstall
Lisa Wood Tuttle
Twiggs, Beskind,
Strickland & Rabenau PA
LynnErin M. Tyler
UBS
Janet Sue Ummer *~
Laura S. Underkuffler
Unilever United States
Foundation Inc.
United Technologies
Corporation ^
United Way of Delaware Inc. *
United Way of Rhode Island
Steven W. Unruhe
Lolly Useted
Sandra C. Vanghagen
Chilton D. Varner *
Barbara B. Vaughn
Constance Elizabeth Vaught *
Vezina, Lawrence
& Piscitelli, P.A. *
Neil Vidmar *
Jane Dees Vogel
Wachovia Corporation *
Wachovia Foundation ^
Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen &
Katz Foundation *
Jacqueline O. Wald
Ann Heath Walker *
Carrie E. Waller
Warburg Pincus Foundation ^
Elizabeth Lee Ward
William E. Ward, P.A.
Kay Cline Warren
The Washington Post
Company
Carolyn C. Weaver
Richard S. Weavil
Laurie S. Webber
Richard R. Weidman
Mr. and Mrs. Louis
Weinstock, Jr.
Peter A. Weitzel *
Wendy Kathleen Welch
Laura Magistro Wells
Wells Fargo Foundation
Anne R. West *
Elizabeth Kay Westbrook
Jane R. Wettach
Mark Whittaker Whalen ^
Evelyn Wherrett ~
Jessica Few Whitehurst
Mary J. Widing
Wiener and Garg, LLC *
Wiley, Rein & Fielding ^
Catherine Wilfert-Katz
Anne D. Williams
Laura J. Williams ~
Lewis T. Williams *
Mari Williams *
Muriel F. Williams
Sue S. Williams *
David R. Willson
* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased
HONOR ROLL OF DONORS

Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale
& Dorr LLP ^
Jill K. Wilson
Larry D. Wilson ^
Wilson, Sonsini, Goodrich
& Rosati *
Tyla Winland *
Winston & Strawn LLP *
Winston-Salem Foundation *
Kerri L. Wirtz
Lee L. Wittenstein *
Erna Womble ^
Martha H. Womble *
Woodruff & Associates ^
C.T. Woods-Powell
Carol Wrenn
Lizabeth Taylor Wright
Shu-Ling Yang
Ellen C. Yates *
Young M. Smith, Jr.
Yum! Brands Foundation Inc.
Fengquan Zhou
Herbert J. Zimmer *
Ronna T. Zimmer *
Frederika L. Zipp
The Heritage
Society
Duke University’s Heritage
Society honors graduates
and friends who have made
provisions for Duke in their
will, trust, retirement plan,
or through another type of
“planned gift.” The following
list includes members of the
Duke Law School community
who have informed us
that they have generously
included Duke University or
Duke Law School in their
long-term plans. If you
would like more information
about the Heritage Society,
please contact Katharine
B. Buchanan, Director of
Development, 919-613-7217,
Buchanan@law.duke.edu.
Jean T. Adams ’79
David H. Allard ’56
Howard J. Alpern ’70
Bruce H. Anderson ’66
William G. Anlyan
Peter B. Archie ’65
Nathaniel Beaman III ’49
Robert H. Beber ’57
Joan C. Beber
Leif C. Beck ’59
Robert B. Berger ’59
Dale S. Bernard
Daniel F. Bernard ’67
Charles F. Blanchard ’49
David B. Blanco ’66
William H. Bradford, Jr. ’62
Valerie T. Broadie ’79
Katharine B. Buchanan
Phillip H. Buchanan
William B. Bundschu ’56
B. Richard Burdman ’56
John A. Carnahan ’55
Jean G. Carter ’83
Harry R. Chadwick, Jr. ’53
Robert L. Clifford ’50
Patrick C. Coughlan ’65
James P. Davenport ’69
Bruce A. Davidson ’72
Roger L. Decker ’63
Dara Lyn DeHaven ’80
Ronald E. DeVeau ’69
Norman E. Donoghue II ’69
Raymond Craft Dryer ’74
James Robert Eller, Jr. ’74
James J. Faris ’66
John A. Forlines III ’82
Seth Lee Forman ’83
* Barrister ^ Mordecai Fellow ~ Heritage Society † Deceased
Henry H. Fox ’66
Robert H. Fryer ’64
Anton Henry Gaede, Jr. ’64
R. Menese Gardner ’48
Peter S. Gilchrist III ’65
Thomas W. Graves, Jr. ’65
Thomas B. Hadzor
Thomas Andrew Hale ’82
Vincent T. Hall ’56
David W. Hardee ’72
Paul Hardin III ’54
Walton Hardin ’51
Jack D. Hawkins ’44
Lorraine Boyce Hawkins ’48
Michael Richard
Hemmerich ’85
Barbara D. Henkel
Lee H. Henkel, Jr. ’52
John M. Hines ’65
David W. Ichel ’78
William S. Jacobs ’73
Julian C. Juergensmeyer ’63
Linda L. McCall Kangeter ’78
Brenda C. Kinney ’70
Eleanor D. Kinney ’73
Michael E. Kusturiss ’49
James F. Latham ’42
Mary Howell Friday
Leadbetter ’82
Robert B. Lloyd, Jr. ’50
David M. Lockwood ’84
Cym H. Lowell ’72
Marion P. Lowry
Jane Makela ’78
George W. Martin ’51
Edward E. Marx ’51
Davia Odell Mazur ’85
Gray McCalley, Jr. ’79
Mary Jo McCalley
Ralph L. McCaughan ’66
Susan McCaughan
Linda H. McCown ’88
Robert L. McFadden ’54
Charles McKay McGee, Jr. ’37
Thomas E. McLain ’74
J. Thomas Menaker ’63
Donald M. Mewhort, Jr. ’65
Mark Harris Mirkin ’84
David Eugene Morrison ’77
Ted O. Neuenschwander ’72
James L. Newsom ’37
Robert C. Oshiro ’53
Carolyn S. Parlato ’73
Marvin E. Perlis ’51
Pamela A. Peters ’78
Michael T. Petrik ’83
Susan Petrik
Calvin A. Pope ’58
T. William Porter III ’66
Jeffrey S. Portnoy ’72
Gregory G. Prasher ’72
Paul E. Prentiss ’71
David A. Quattlebaum III ’61
James C. Ray ’73
Mark D. Reeth ’86
Edward A. Reilly ’68
Gail Levin Richmond ’71
Marguerite F. Riddick
E. Norwood Robinson ’52
Daniel Garron Rogers ’84
Ele Ross
J. David Ross ’63
Susan C. Ross
John J. Rufe ’65
James R. Safley ’68
Roy C. Sampley ’52
Charles F. Sampsel ’68
Julian D. Sanger ’45
Vincent L. Sgrosso ’62
Homer G. Sheffield, Jr. ’67
Cynia B. Shimm
Melvin G. Shimm
Allen G. Siegel ’60
Jeroll R. Silverberg ’46
Nathan R. Skipper, Jr. ’62
Numa Lamar Smith, Jr. ’41
Mary Gray Smith
Sidney W. Smith, Jr. ’49
Richard A. Snodgrass ’66
I. Scott Sokol ’82
Ronald William Sondee ’59
Phillip K. Sotel ’62
Carl J. Stewart, Jr. ’61
Robert E. Stipe ’53
Caroline P. Stoel ’37
Thomas B. Stoel ’37
Maynard F. Swanson, Jr. ’60
F. Roger Thaler ’63
W. A. Thornhill III ’52
Mildred H. Thompson
W. Ferber Tracy ’67
James W. Ummer ’72
Janet Sue Ummer
Sue Ellen Utley ’70
Virginia A. Utt ’84
Charles O. Verrill, Jr. ’62
Richard H. Vincent ’65
Edward A. Vrooman ’64
Clarence W. Walker ’55
E. Bruce Wetzel ’64
Norman L. Wherrett ’41
Evelyn Wherrett
Donald R. Williams ’73
Laura J. Williams
L. Neil Williams, Jr. ’61
William R. Winders ’50
Gaylord A. Wood, Jr. ’62
Richard A. Wood, Jr. ’62
Kenneth F. Wooten, Jr. ’47
Charles H. Young ’38