The mnemonic keyword method: The effects of bidirectional retrieval ...
The mnemonic keyword method: The effects of bidirectional retrieval ...
The mnemonic keyword method: The effects of bidirectional retrieval ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
M. Wyra et al. / Learning and Instruction 17 (2007) 360e371<br />
371<br />
Appendix 1 (continued)<br />
Imaging performance Not at all Not so good Reasonably good Good Very good<br />
1 2 3 4 5<br />
Are you good at imagining things/objects/animals?<br />
Are you good at imagining people?<br />
Are you good at imagining actions/what<br />
happens/what people do?<br />
References<br />
Anderson, J. R. (2000). Cognitive psychology and its implication (5th ed.). New York: Worth.<br />
Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1996). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.<br />
Atkinson, R. C., & Raugh, M. R. (1975). An application <strong>of</strong> the <strong>mnemonic</strong> <strong>keyword</strong> <strong>method</strong> to the acquisition <strong>of</strong> a Russian vocabulary. Journal <strong>of</strong><br />
Experimental Psychology, 104, 126e133.<br />
Avila, E., & Sadowski, M. (1996). Exploring new applications <strong>of</strong> the <strong>keyword</strong> <strong>method</strong> to acquire English vocabulary. Language Learning, 46(3),<br />
379e395.<br />
Baddeley, A. D., & Andrade, J. (2000). Working memory and the vividness <strong>of</strong> imagery. Journal <strong>of</strong> Experimental Psychology: General, 129(1),<br />
126e145.<br />
Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1992). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis <strong>method</strong>s. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.<br />
Campos, A. (1995a). Imagery, concreteness, emotionality, meaningfulness, and pleasantness <strong>of</strong> words. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 80(3, Pt 1),<br />
867e880.<br />
Campos, A. (1995b). Twenty-two years <strong>of</strong> the VVIQ. Journal <strong>of</strong> Mental Imagery, 19(3e4), 129e131.<br />
Campos, A. (1998). A measure <strong>of</strong> visual imaging capacity: a preliminary study. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 87(3, Pt 1), 1012e1014.<br />
Campos, A., & Perez, M. J. (1997). Mnemonic images and associated pair recall. Journal <strong>of</strong> Mental Imagery, 21(3e4), 73e82.<br />
Carney, R. N., & Levin, J. R. (1998). Do <strong>mnemonic</strong> memories fade as time goes by? Here’s looking anew! Contemporary Educational Psychology,<br />
23, 276e297.<br />
Clark, J. M., & Paivio, A. (1991). Dual coding theory and education. Educational Psychology Review, 3(3), 149e210.<br />
Crutcher, R. J., & Ericsson, K. A. (2000). <strong>The</strong> role <strong>of</strong> mediators in memory <strong>retrieval</strong> as a function <strong>of</strong> practice: controlled mediation to direct<br />
access. Journal <strong>of</strong> Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 26(5), 1297e1317.<br />
Crutcher, R. J., & Ericsson, K. A. (2003). <strong>The</strong> <strong>effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> practice on <strong>mnemonic</strong> encodings involving prior knowledge and semantic memory: reply<br />
to Rickard and Bajic (2003). Journal <strong>of</strong> Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29(6), 1387e1389.<br />
Dahl, R. (1982). <strong>The</strong> twits. Harmondsworth: Puffin.<br />
Ellis, N., & Beaton, A. (1993). Factors affecting the learning <strong>of</strong> foreign language vocabulary: imagery <strong>keyword</strong> mediators and phonological shortterm<br />
memory. <strong>The</strong> Quarterly Journal <strong>of</strong> Experimental Psychology, 46A, 533e558.<br />
Kosslyn, S. M., Van Kleeck, M. H., & Kirby, K. N. (1990). A neurologically plausible model <strong>of</strong> individual differences in visual mental imagery. In<br />
P. J. Hampson, D. F. Marks, & J. T. E. Richardson (Eds.), Imagery: Current developments (pp. 39e77). London: Routledge.<br />
Lawson, M. J., & Hogben, D. (1998). Learning and recall <strong>of</strong> foreign-language vocabulary: <strong>effects</strong> <strong>of</strong> a <strong>keyword</strong> strategy for immediate and delayed<br />
recall. Learning and Instruction, 8(2), 179e194.<br />
Levin, J. R., & Pressley, M. (1985). Mnemonic vocabulary instruction: What’s fact, what’s fiction. In R. F. Dillon (Ed.), Individual differences in<br />
cognition, Vol. 2 (pp. 145e172). Orlando, FL: Academic Press.<br />
Lietz, P. (1996). Changes in reading comprehension across culture and over time. Minister: Waxman.<br />
Marks, D. F. (1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall <strong>of</strong> pictures. British Journal <strong>of</strong> Psychology, 64, 17e24.<br />
McDaniel, M. A., & Pressley, M. (1984). Putting the <strong>keyword</strong> <strong>method</strong> in context. Journal <strong>of</strong> Educational Psychology, 76, 598e609.<br />
Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (1994). Hierarchical linear models. In T. Husén, & T. N. Postlethwaite (Eds.), International encyclopedia <strong>of</strong><br />
education: Research and studies (2nd ed.) (pp. 2590e2596). Oxford: Pergamon Press.<br />
Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis <strong>method</strong>s (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage<br />
Publications.<br />
Raudenbush, S. W., Bryk, A. S., Cheong, Y. F., & Congdon, R. T. (2000). HLM 5: Hierarchical linear and nonlinear modeling. Lincolnwood, IL:<br />
Scientific S<strong>of</strong>tware International. (Version 5.01.2067.1).<br />
Wang, A. Y., & Thomas, M. H. (1995). Effect <strong>of</strong> <strong>keyword</strong>s on long-term retention: help or hindrance? Journal <strong>of</strong> Educational Psychology, 87,<br />
468e475.