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Chapter 9—Wind Power Plants 9–45 APPENDIX D: STREAMS AND WATERWAYS Wind turbines need to be installed on high ground rather than low ground. The low ground, where water flows, has many names, which can vary with region of the country and with landowners within a region. The following dictionary definitions should be helpful in discussing land features. The definitions are from the Random House Unabridged, Second Edition. arroyo: (Chiefly in Southwest U.S.) a small steep-sided watercourse or gulch with a nearly flat floor: usually dry except after heavy rains. brook: a small natural stream of fresh water. canyon: a deep valley with steep sides, often with a stream flowing through it. coulee: (Chiefly Western U.S. and Western Canada) a deep ravine or gulch, usually dry, that has been formed by running water. creek: (U.S., Canada, and Australia) a stream smaller than a river. ditch: a long, narrow excavation made in the ground by digging, as for draining or irrigating land; trench. draw: (definition 65a.) a small natural drainageway with a shallow bed; gully. b. the dry bed of a stream. c. (Chiefly Western U.S.) a coulee, ravine. gorge: 1. a narrow cleft with steep, rocky walls, esp. one through which a stream runs. 2. asmallcanyon. gully: a small valley or ravine originally worn away by running water and serving as a drainageway after prolonged heavy rains. gulch: a deep, narrow ravine, esp. one marking the course of a stream or torrent. ravine: a narrow steep-sided valley commonly eroded by running water. rill: a small rivulet or brook. river: a natural stream of water of fairly large size flowing in a definite course or channel. slough, slew, slue: (Northern U.S. and Canada) a marshy or reedy pool, pond, inlet, backwater, or the like. swale: 1. a low place in a tract of land. 2. a valleylike intersection of two slopes in a piece of land. valley: 1. an elongated depression between uplands, hills, or mountains, esp. one following the course of a stream. 2. an extensive, more or less flat, and relatively low region drained by a great river system. 3. any depression or hollow resembling a valley. watercourse: 1. a steam of water, as a river or brook. 2. the bed of a stream that flows only seasonally. 3. a natural channel conveying water. 4. a channel or canal made for the Wind Energy Systems by Dr. Gary L. Johnson November 21, 2001
Chapter 9—Wind Power Plants 9–46 conveyance of water. waterway: a river, canel, or other body of water serving as a route or way of travel or transport. A second definition for waterway that is not in the unabridged dictionary is “natural or constructed channel covered with an erosion-resistant grass, that transports surface runoff to a suitable discharge point at a nonerosive rate.” The agricultural concept of a waterway is an area that can be driven across by a four wheel drive vehicle in dry weather. It is conceivable that a wind turbine could be located in a waterway, although a few feet away on ground a few inches higher would be a wise choice. There is no reason for a technician to be standing in water while working on a turbine after a heavy rain. The general size progression of terms would be rill, gully, ravine, draw, and canyon. A rill in a plowed field is a small eroded channel that can be smoothed out by plowing across it. If it gets wide and deep enough that it cannot be farmed across or driven across, then it is called a gully. A ravine is a large gully, which may be difficult to even walk across. In Eastern Kansas, ravines usually have brush in the bottom. The word draw may be used as a synonym for gully or ravine, but often implies an eroded area that is wider and shallower. An eroded area two feet deep and one hundred feet wide would be a draw, while one four feet deep and six feet wide would be a gully. Canyon refers to a large channel, with no limit on size. This term is rarely used in Kansas, but is common to the states west of Kansas. The term rill is a technical term used by people who have studied agriculture. The other terms are commonly known and used by most rural Kansans. When the emphasis is on the water rather than the results of the water flowing, the progression of size goes as brook, creek, and river. Stream may be used as a generic term. Water flow is continuous during years of normal rainfall. One needs a bridge to cross a brook, creek, or river. Brook is seldom used in Kansas. It may be that people think of a brook as a flow of clear water in the mountains, with trout swimming. A creek then would be a flow of muddy water with catfish in it. A creek in Eastern Kansas usually has trees growing on both sides of it. If water flow is not continuous, then it is called an intermittent creek. The terms such as creek and river are relative in nature. A river is a large creek, but the water flow in a river in Western Kansas may be smaller than the water flow in a creek in Eastern Kansas. The word valley is often used with a modifier, such as river valley or mountain valley. A river valley may be several miles wide, usually with fertile farm land, extending to hills or bluffs on either side. A mountain valley is probably smaller, but a relatively flat region with perhaps a small brook flowing through the center. There are no mountains in Kansas, but there is upland (as opposed to lowland or river bottom land), so perhaps the corresponding term is “upland valley”. Wind Energy Systems by Dr. Gary L. Johnson November 21, 2001
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