WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS - Cd3wd

More documents

Recommendations

Info

iii 6.7 Field Modulated Generator...........................................................6-37 6.8 Roesel Generator...........................................................................6-39 6.9 Problems........................................................................................6-42 7 Asynchronous Loads.................................................................7-1 7.1 Piston Water Pumps.......................................................................7-2 7.2 Centrifugal Pumps.........................................................................7-10 7.3 Paddle Wheel Water Heaters.........................................................7-21 7.4 Batteries........................................................................................7-23 7.5 Hydrogen Economy........................................................................7-33 7.6 Electrolysis Cells............................................................................7-40 7.7 Problems........................................................................................7-47 8 Economics of Wind Systems.....................................................8-1 8.1 Capital Costs...................................................................................8-1 8.2 Economic Concepts..........................................................................8-9 8.3 Revenue Requirements...................................................................8-15 8.4 Value of Wind Generated Electricity..............................................8-20 8.5 Hidden Costs in Industrialized Nations..........................................8-23 8.6 Economic Factors in Developing Countries....................................8-24 8.7 Problems........................................................................................8-26 9 Wind Power Plants..................................................................9-1 9.1 Turbine Placement..........................................................................9-1 9.2 Site Preparation..............................................................................9-2 9.3 Electrical Network...........................................................................9-4 9.4 Selection of Sizes, Low Voltage Equipment.....................................9-7 9.5 Selection of Sizes, Distribution Voltage Equipment......................9-14 9.6 Voltage Drop.................................................................................9-22 9.7 Losses............................................................................................9-24 9.8 Protective Relays..........................................................................9-28 Wind Energy Systems by Dr. Gary L. Johnson December 10, 2001
iv 9.9 Wind farm Costs............................................................................9-30 9.10 Problems......................................................................................9-34 Appendix A: Conversion Factors.........................................................9-36 Appendix B: Answers To Selected Problems.......................................9-37 Appendix C: Wire Sizes.......................................................................9-39 Appendix D: Streams and Waterways.................................................9-45 PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION Wind energy systems draw on a wide range of disciplines. Any prospective user, regardless of his background, will feel large gaps in his knowledge, areas where he does not even know what the question is, let alone where to go look for the answer. This book is written to help people identify the proper question to ask. There are several groups of potential users of a book on wind energy systems. There are those with non technical backgrounds who want a readable introduction. There are graduate engineers who need a detailed treatment of some aspect of wind power systems. And there are undergraduate engineering students who need a formal course in the subject. We have chosen the undergraduate engineering student as the primary audience, but have tried to consider the needs of other users. Many of the key concepts should be readily understood by those with a good high school education. Those sections which demand a more technical treatment, however, assume a background in chemistry, physics, calculus, circuit theory, and dynamics. Rather detailed treatments of meteorology, statistics, electrical machines, and engineering economics are given, but since these subjects are not studied by all engineers, no background is assumed for these areas. Enough detail is included so that a technically trained person can evaluate a given system for a proposed application and also learn enough of the specific language that he can look elsewhere for more information in an efficient manner. This book will be of interest to those students who are interested in energy sources besides coal and nuclear. Oil and natural gas are obviously not suitable long term solutions to our energy requirements, and coal and nuclear energy face severe environmental obstacles. This means that the so-called alternative energy sources may well become primary sources over the next few decades. At the present time wind, solar photovoltaic, and solar thermal systems appear to be the main contenders for supplying a substantial fraction of the energy requirements of the United States and much of the remainder of the world as well. A number of books about wind power have been written in the last decade by those working in the field. These books generally have no problems at the end of the chapters, and hence are difficult to use in a formal course. The author believes that significant numbers of students in engineering or technology would be interested in a course on wind energy systems Wind Energy Systems by Dr. Gary L. Johnson December 10, 2001
Page 1 and 2: WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS Electronic Edit
Page 3: ii 4 Wind Turbine Power, Energy, an
Page 7 and 8: vi and Chapter 8, so we can give a
Page 9 and 10: Chapter 1—Introduction 1-1 INTROD
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1—Introduction 1-3 same w
Page 13 and 14: Chapter 1—Introduction 1-5 Thomas
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 1—Introduction 1-7 Figure
Page 17 and 18: Chapter 1—Introduction 1-9 power
Page 19 and 20: Chapter 1—Introduction 1-11 servi
Page 21 and 22: Chapter 1—Introduction 1-13 incre
Page 23 and 24: Chapter 1—Introduction 1-15 Figur
Page 25 and 26: Chapter 1—Introduction 1-17 three
Page 31 and 32: Chapter 1—Introduction 1-23 [9] R
Page 33 and 34: Chapter 2—Wind Characteristics 2-
Page 55 and 56:
Chapter 2—Wind Characteristics 2-
Page 57 and 58:
Page 59 and 60:
Page 61 and 62:
Page 63 and 64:
Page 65 and 66:
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Page 75 and 76:
Page 77 and 78:
Page 79 and 80:
Page 81 and 82:
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Chapter 3—Wind Measurements 3-2 g
Page 103 and 104:
Chapter 3—Wind Measurements 3-4 F
Page 105 and 106:
Chapter 3—Wind Measurements 3-6 i
Page 107 and 108:
Chapter 3—Wind Measurements 3-8 F
Page 109 and 110:
Chapter 3—Wind Measurements 3-10
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Chapter 4—Wind Turbine Power 4-1
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Page 181 and 182:
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
Chapter 5—Electrical Network 5-1
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
Page 211 and 212:
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Chapter 6—Asynchronous Generators
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
Page 293 and 294:
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Chapter 7—Asynchronous Loads 7-2
Page 299 and 300:
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
Page 305 and 306:
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
Page 321 and 322:
Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Page 347 and 348:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-2 are the t
Page 349 and 350:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-4 Table 8.1
Page 351 and 352:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-6 by the di
Page 353 and 354:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-8 understan
Page 355 and 356:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-10 bank at
Page 357 and 358:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-12 i a = 1+
Page 359 and 360:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-14 ( ) 20 1
Page 361 and 362:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-16 and the
Page 363 and 364:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-18 The unit
Page 365 and 366:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-20 L ′ fu
Page 367 and 368:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-22 L ′ vo
Page 369 and 370:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-24 conventi
Page 371 and 372:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-26 7 PROBLE
Page 373 and 374:
Chapter 8—Economics 8-28 [2] Boll
Page 375 and 376:
Chapter 9—Wind Power Plants 9-2 6
Page 377 and 378:
Chapter 9—Wind Power Plants 9-4 w
Page 379 and 380:
Chapter 9—Wind Power Plants 9-6 t
Page 381 and 382:
Chapter 9—Wind Power Plants 9-8 s
Page 383 and 384:
Chapter 9—Wind Power Plants 9-10
Page 385 and 386:
Page 387 and 388:
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
Page 401 and 402:
Page 403 and 404:
Page 405 and 406:
Page 407 and 408:
Page 409 and 410:
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419:
show all

WIND ENERGY SYSTEMS - Cd3wd

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?